|Ui5i!H{;Ki|t-|(-: 


lliliil. 


^^  OF  TO$^ 
!M  18  1918 


Src  tirn\ 


■/    1 


THE   SOURCES  OF 
THE  HEXATEUCH 


J,  E,  and  P,  in  the  text  of  the  American  Standard 

Edition,  according  to  the  consensus  of  

scholarship,  edited  with  intro-         X5^^^^  ^^  ^fiSfe^ 


ductions   and   notes 


By 


^. 


N  18  191R 


EDGAR  SHEFFIELD  BRIGHTMAN,  Ph.D. 

Professor  of  Ethics  and  Religion  in  Wesleyan  University 


THE  ABINGDON  PRESS 

NEW  YORK  CINCINNATI 


Copyright,  1918,  by 
EDGAR  SHEFFIELD  BRIGHTMAN 


The  Bible  Text  used  in  this  book  is  taken  from  the  American  Standard  Edition  of  the 
Revised  Bible,  copyright,  1901,  by  Thomas  Nelson  &  Sons,  and  is  used  by  permission. 


To 
ALBERT  CORNELIUS  KNUDSON,  Ph.D. 

TO  WHOM  THIS  BOOK  AND  ITS  WRITER 
OWE  MUCH 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 

CHAPTER  PAGE 

Preface 7 

Introduction 9 

I    J :  The  Jahvistic  or  Jud^an  Narrative 19 

II     E:  The  Elohistic  or  Ephraimitic  Narrative  ...  112 

III     P:  The  Priestly  Code 203 

Bibliography 387 

Abbreviations 390 

Index •  391 


PREFACE 

Experience  in  the  classroom  at  Nebraska  Wesleyan  and 
Wesleyan  Universities  has  shown  that  there  is  need  for  an 
edition  of  the  documents  constituting  the  main  sources  of  the 
Hexateuch.  It  is  impossible  to  teach  the  Old  Testament  his- 
torically without  frequent  reference  to  J,  E,  and  P.  Students 
become  interested  in  the  problem  and  wish  to  read  the  sources, 
only  to  discover  that  the  desired  documents  are  not  available. 

The  Sources  of  the  Hexateuch  is  an  attempt  to  supply  this 
need  by  editing  the  documents  J,  E,  and  P  according  to  the 
consensus  of  English,  Scotch,  Dutch,  German,  French,  Swiss, 
and  American  scholarship.  Every  Bible  student,  whether  he  ac- 
cepts the  results  of  criticism  or  not,  will  find  here  a  conspectus 
presenting  the  critical  view  in  concrete  form,  and  thus  be  able 
more  accurately  to  estimate  the  truth  or  error  in  the  theory 
presented. 

No  new  translation  and  no  new  theories  are  presented  here. 
This  is  a  synthesis  with  no  new  thesis.  The  aim  is  not  polemic, 
although  the  writer  frankly  accepts  the  critical  position.  The 
purpose  of  the  book  will  have  been  attained  if  the  outcome  be 
a  more  intensive  scientific  and  religious  study  of  the  Hexateuch. 

The  writer  desires  to  express  his  thanks  for  encouragement 
and  suggestions  bearing  on  various  aspects  of  the  book  to 
numerous  colleagues  at  Wesleyan  University,  notably  to  Pro- 
fessors Heidel,  Armstrong,  and  Conley;  and,  among  other 
scholars,  in  particular  to  Professors  Knudson,  of  Boston; 
Fowler,  of  Brown;  Bacon,  of  Yale;  Paton  and  Nourse,  of 
Hartford ;  and  Eiselen  of  Garrett. 

Edgar  Sheffield  Brightman. 

Middletown,  Connecticut. 


INTRODUCTION 

1.  Explanation  of  the  General  Plan  of  the  Book. 

Scholars  have  been  at  work  now  for  over  a  century  on  the 
problem  of  the  analysis  of  the  Hexateuch — the  first  six  books 
of  the  Old  Testament.  An  enormous  amount  has  been  written, 
and  many  widely  varying  opinions  expressed.  But  out  of  the 
debate  there  has  arisen  a  gradually  increasing  body  of  results 
on  which  scholars  in  general  agree,  based  on  the  view  that  the 
Hexateuch  as  we  now  have  it  is  made  up  of  an  interweaving  of 
various  older  writings  (called  documents  or  sources). 

There  is  no  doubt  that  such  interweaving  as  this  theory  pre- 
supposes did  actually  occur  in  Bible  times.  It  is  proven  by  a 
comparison  of  Chronicles  with  its  sources  in  Samuel  and  Kings ; 
or  of  Matthew  and  Luke  with  their  source,  Mark;  or  of  Ta- 
tian's  Diatessaron  with  the  four  Gospels.  The  case  of  the 
Hexateuch,  however,  differs  in  one  respect  from  the  instances 
cited:  whereas  in  the  illustrations  we  still  have  both  the  com- 
pilation (Chronicles,  Matthew,  the  Diatessaron)  and  some  at 
least  of  the  earlier  sources  on  which  they  are  based  (Samuel, 
Kings,  Mark),  in  the  case  of  the  Hexateuch  the  earlier  sources 
no  longer  exist  as  separate  writings.  The  sources  must  be 
reconstructed  by  criticism. 

It  is  not  within  the  province  of  the  present  book  to  give  an 
account  of  the  methods  used  in  determining  the  analysis  into 
sources.  Some  hints  will  be  found  in  the  later  outline  of  the 
history  of  criticism;  but  for  a  full  discussion  the  reader  is  re- 
ferred to  Eiselen,  The  Books  of  the  Pentateuch,  or  Driver, 
Introduction  to  the  Literature  of  the  Old  Testament.  Wc 
confine  ourselves  to  the  exposition  of  results  rather  than 
methods. 

The  generally  accepted  results  designate  by  letters*  the 
various  sources  of  the  Hexateuch  as  follows: 

J  (the  Jahvistic  or  Judsean  Narrative),  written  850  B.  C. 

E  (the  Elohistic  or  Ephraimitic  narrative),  written  750  B.  C. 

*  The  letters  are  »ised  indifferently  to  indicate  either  the  documents  or  their  authors. 

9 


10       SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH 

D  (Deuteronomy  in  its  original  form),  written  650,  published 
621  B.  C. 

P  (the  Priestly  Code),  500  B.  C. 

It  is  agreed  that  J  and  E  were  combined  by  Rje  (a  redactor, 
reviser,  or  editor),  about  650  (his  finished  work  being  called  JE) ; 
that  JE  and  D  were  combined  by  Rd,  who  also  made  additions 
to  D,  about  600-550  (his  finished  work  being  called  JED) ;  and 
that  the  Pentateuch  was  put  into  substantially  its  present  form 
by  Rp,  who  united  JED  with  P,  about  400.  Since  400  only  one 
important  addition  was  made,  namely,  Gn.  14,  perhaps  about 
300,  or  even  later. 

Such  in  main  outline  is  the  critical  view  of  the  Hexateuch 
on  which  scholars  the  world  over  are  in  general  agreed. 

It  is  the  aim  of  this  book  to  present  in  usable  form  the  re- 
stored documents,  J,  E,  and  P,  distinguishing  in  each  docu- 
ment the  work  of  the  various  redactors.  D  is  omitted  because 
the  book  of  Dt.  may  be  read  consecutively  in  any  Bible,  whereas 
J,  E,  and  P  stand  in  such  intricate  relations  to  each  other  that 
it  is  all  but  impossible  to  form  any  conception  of  their  connec- 
tion or  their  unity  without  such  editing  as  is  here  undertaken. 
An  attempt  is  made  to  represent  objectively  and  accurately 
the  consensus  of  scholarship,  the  assured  results  of  criticism. 

2.  Definition  of  the  Term  "Consensus  of  Scholarship." 

Statements  made  in  the  previous  section  need  further  defini- 
tion. There  are  many  intelligent  and  educated  Christians — 
even  some  scholars — who  do  not  accept  the  critical  analysis,  with 
its  denial  of  the  Mosaic  authorship  of  the  Pentateuch.  How, 
then,  can  it  be  said  that  ''all  scholars  agree"  on  the  results? 

By  a  scholar  or  a  critic  in  this  book  is  meant  one  who  (1)  has 
made  an  expert  and  intensive  study  of  the  problem  of  the 
Hexateuch,  being  familiar  both  with  the  Hebrew  text  itself 
and  with  the  range  of  scholarly  discussion  on  all  sides  of  debated 
questions,  and  (2)  has  published  his  results  in  monographs  that 
have  been  recognized  by  scholars  in  general  as  worthy  of  at- 
tention.*    Practically  no  such  monographs  have  been  recently 

*  It  is  to  be  noted  that  practically  all  the  men  fulfilling  this  description  are  to  be  found 
in  the  ranks  of  Protestant  Christianity.  Roman  Catholics  have  not  made  any  significant 
contributions  in  recent  years;  Greek  Catholics  and  non-Christians,  never. 


INTRODUCTION  11 

published  by  scholars  that  do  not  accept  the  critical  stand- 
point. 

By  the  expression  "all  scholars  agree"  is  meant  that  the 
scholars  whose  works  have  been  consulted  (except  Eerdmans 
and  his  school)  are  at  one  in  support  of  the  opinion  in  question 
save  perhaps  for  possible  variations  in  minor  matters  that  do 
not  affect  the  significant  content  of  the  documents.  Prac- 
tically all  the  important  critics  since  Wellhausen  have  been 
consulted. 

3.  The  Existence  of  a  Consensus  among  Scholars. 

Many  might  be  inclined  to  deny  the  existence  of  any  sub- 
stantial agreements  among  critics.  It  is  true  that  if  one  is 
centering  attention  on  differences  in  minor  detail,  a  bewilder- 
ing array  of  contradictions  might  be  marshaled.  So  too  a  non- 
Christian  approaching  the  writings  of  Christian  theologians  and 
philosophers  in  a  prejudiced  and  polemic  mood,  might  easily 
discover  so  many  differences  that  he  would  be  tempted  to  say, 
"I  cannot  be  a  Christian,  for  there  is  no  agreement  among 
Christians  as  to  what  Christianity  is."  But  there  is  a  funda- 
mental thread  of  unity  binding  together  all  Christians,  despite 
differences.  So  too  is  there  among  scholars  a  remarkable 
consensus. 

To  the  existence  of  such  a  consensus  scholars  themselves 
testify.  In  1887  Briggs  wrote,  "I  doubt  whether  there  is  any 
question  of  scholarship  whatever  in  which  there  is  greater 
agreement  among  scholars  than  in  this  question  of  the  literary 
analysis  of  the  Hexateuch."  Bacon  quotes  Briggs  with  evident 
approval  (Genesis  of  Genesis,  pp.  24,  25).  George  Foote 
Moore,  in  1892,  wrote  to  Bacon  (op.  cit.),  "There  is  no  reason 
to  think  that  the  general  results  on  which  critics  now  agree 
will  be  overturned."  In  1893  Addis  reported  (p.  x)  that  he  had 
worked  out  his  analysis  independently,  and  that  when 
Kautzsch's  work  appeared  in  Germany  the  two  were  found 
in  "constant  agreement  even  in  minute  detail." 

A.  Lods,  in  the  new  French  Bible,  1916,  speaks  of  the  critical 
results  as  "conclusions  which  have  forced  themselves  on  He- 
braists of  every  school." 


12       SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH 

It  is  sometimes  said  that  the  present  debate  between  the  so- 
called  "Wellhausen  School"  and  the  "History  of  Religion 
School"  presupposes  the  rejection  of  the  critical  view  of  the 
Hexateuch.    Such  is  not  the  case. 

In  1910,  Sellin,  a  leader  of  the  conservative  wing  of  the 
"History  of  Religion  School,"  introduced  his  account  of  J 
with  the  statement,  "Without  going  into  a  hair-sphtting  an- 
alysis, we  present  the  sections  of  the  Pentateuch  which,  with 
almost  complete  agreement,  are  assigned  to  J."  Gressmann, 
another  critic  of  the  newer  school,  said  in  1911,  introducing  his 
lectures  in  OT  Theology:  "We  are  in  the  main  at  one  with 
Wellhausen  in  the  criticism  of  the  Pentateuch,  The  matter  is 
in  principle  settled.  There  remain  only  the  problems  regarding 
the  history  of  the  material  itself." 

In  1912,  Smend,  in  his  important  and  suggestive  study  of 
the  narrative  portions  of  the  Hexateuch,  asserts  that  "the 
main  outHnes  of  Wellhausen's  Hexateuchal  criticism  wdll  in 
the  future,  as  in  the  past,  be  shown  to  be  valid;  ...  his  re- 
sults have  been  almost  unanimously  accepted." 

Even  Eerdmans,  the  successor  of  Kuenen  at  Leyden,  free 
lance  among  critics,  destroyer  and  radical,  admits  that  the 
consensus  of  scholars  was  so  complete  as  to  cause  him  to  hesi- 
tate long  before  raising  his  protest;  while  Kittel  has  now  be- 
come a  convert  to  the  Grafian  view. 

The  consensus  exists.  It  is  not  a  matter  of  nationality,  or 
theological  prejudice,  or  "schools,"  or  religion,  or  irreligion,  but 
simply  of  the  overwhelming  and  convincing  weight  of  the  evi- 
dence. It  is  a  consensus  that  is  not  merely  "in  general"  or  "on 
the  whole,"  but  extends,  with  surprising  agreement,  into  the 
detailed  analysis  of  verses  and  half  verses.  A  priori  it  seems 
inconceivable  that  such  accurate  division  of  sources  could  be 
made;  or  that  any  number  of  scholars  would  agree  on  the 
same  analysis.  A  study  of  the  present  volume  will  show  the 
unwarranted  character  of  such  assmnptions. 

It  is  obvious  that  the  agreement  would  not  be  equally 
unanimous  at  every  point.  In  general,  the  separation  of  J 
and  E  is  not  so  certain  as  the  separation  of  JE  and  P;  the 
analysis  in  Ex.  and  Nu.  is  more  complicated  and  difficult  than 


INTRODUCTION  13 

in  Gn.  Even  now  it  is  not  yet  safe  to  separate  J  and  E  in  de- 
tail all  through  Josh.  But  in  spite  of  these  difficulties,  the 
agreements,  even  in  hotly  debated  passages,  greatly  outweigh 
the  differences. 

4.  How  THE  Consensus  Is  Indicated  in  the  Text. 

In  the  following  pages  the  text  of  each  document  (according 
to  the  American  Standard  Version:  used  by  permission)  is 
printed  consecutively,  and  is  divided  into  sections  for  con- 
venience of  reference. 

In  cases  where  "all  scholars  agree"  as  to  the  analysis,  the 
text  is  printed  without  remark.  In  cases  where  there  are  any 
significant  differences,  footnotes  usually  mention  the  differ- 
ences only,  implying  that  "all"  scholars  not  mentioned  accept 
the  analysis  as  printed.  Occasionally  in  much  debated  pas- 
sages the  full  list  of  authorities  consulted  is  given.  Reference 
to  the  bibliography  will  indicate  what  critics  have  been  taken 
into  account. 

Redactional  material  (Rje,  Rd,  Rp,  or  merely  R  when  the 
identification  is  not  certain)  is  indicated  by  the  use  of  smaller 
type.  Less  attention  is  paid  to  giving  a  complete  account  of 
differences  with  respect  to  this  material. 

5.  A  Brief  Outline  of  the  History  of  the  Criticism  of 

THE    HeXATEUCH. 

Astruc,  physician  to  Louis  XIV,  in  1753  discovered  varia- 
tions in  the  use  of  the  names  "Jehovah"  and  "Elohim,"  that 
led  him  to  distinguish  two  main  documents  in  the  Pentateuch 
(the  first,  or  Elohistic,  our  P  and  E;  the  second,  or  Jahvistic, 
our  J) ;  but  he  did  not  question  the  Mosaic  authorship. 

Ilgen  1798  was  the  first  to  separate  P  and  E  in  the  Elohistic 
source. 

Vater  1802ff.,  abandoning  the  documentary  theory  in  favor 
of  a  "fragmentary  hypothesis,"  raised  doubts  regarding  the 
Mosaic  authorship. 

De  Wette  1806  established  the  date  of  the  publication  of 
Dt.  as  621  on  the  basis  of  2K.  22-23,  and  regarded  the  entire 
Pentateuch  as  a  development.    His  view  is  still  accepted. 


14       SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH 

Stahelin  1830  offered  the  "supplementary  hypothesis," 
which  made  his  "Elohist"  (P),  the  oldest  material,  and  viewed 
"J"  and  "E"  as  later  supplementations  thereto. 

Hupfeld  1853  held  that  J,  E,  and  P  are  independent  sources, 
and  that  J  in  particular  did  not  know  P.    This  view  is  still  held. 

Graf  1866  showed  that  P  was  postexilic.  This  discovery  was 
epoch-making. 

Kuenen  1869  accepted  Graf's  ideas,  and  carried  them  fur- 
ther. 

Wellhausen  1876  built  still  further  on  the  same  foundation, 
and  created  a  systematic  interpretation  of  Israelitic  history 
and  religion  on  the  basis  of  the  analysis  of  the  Hexateuch  into 
J,  E,  D,  and  P  (following  Knobel  and  Noldeke  in  his  analysis 
of  P). 

Since  Wellhausen  no  essentially  new  contribution  has  been 
made.  Wellhausen's  historical  and  religious  interpretations 
have  been  subjected  to  vigorous  attack,  but,  with  few  excep- 
tions, scholars  agree  that  he  was  usually  right  in  his  analysis 
and  in  his  dating  of  the  documents. 

6.  Present  Debate  among  Critics. 

In  the  main  there  is  agreement  among  critics  on  the  subjects 
taken  up  in  this  volume. 

There  is,  however,  a  certain  amount  of  difference  due  to 
.arying  opinions  on — 

a.  The  exact  nature  and  amount  of  the  redactional  material. 
Smend,  for  example,  holds  that  Rje  rewrote  his  sources  less 
extensively  than  Wellhausen  had  thought. 

b.  The  question  as  to  whether  J  and  E  as  restored  by  criti- 
cism are  unified  and  consistent,  or  whether  they  are  the  work 
of  several  hands.  Most  critics  lay  stress  on  at  least  two  strata 
in  E,  E^  and  E^;  but  Smend  holds  to  the  unity  of  E  and  sep- 
arates J  into  J^  and  J^,  a  separation  already  recognized  by  most 
scholars  in  Gn.  1-11.  But  these  stratifications  within  the  docu- 
ments are  relatively  unimportant  in  comparison  with  the  larger 
problems,  and  little  account  is  taken  of  them  in  the  present 
volume. 

c.  Differences  on  the  part  of  a  few  with  reference  to  the  dat- 


INTRODUCTION  15 

ing  of  the  documents.  Proksch  and  Scllin  put  J  in  the  United 
Kingdom;  Smend  dates  E  700-650.  In  some  measure  such 
differences  will  affect  a  critic's  conception  of  the  nature  and 
scope  of  a  document. 

Over  against  these  relatively  nonessential  differences  there 
have  been  some  scholars  that  have  made  a  more  fundamental 
attack  on  the  critical  position.  Dillmann,  while  agreeing  on 
the  whole  in  analysis,  long  dissented  with  reference  to  P;  he 
defended  the  preexilic  date  of  P.  But  he  finally  came  to  doubt 
his  position  (so  Smend).  Still  more  negative  was  Kloster- 
mann's  result;  but  his  counter-analysis  has  found  almost  no 
approval  among  scholars,  and  we  may  leave  it  out  of  account 
in  our  present  study. 

Certain  conservative  theologians,  fearing  in  the  analysis  an 
irreverent  attack  on  inspiration,  also  oppose  it  (e.  g.,  in  the 
articles  on  the  various  books  of  the  Hexateuch  in  The  Inter- 
national Standard  Bible  Encyclopaedia).  Such  polemic  attacks 
do  not  lend  themselves  to  fruitful  correlation  with  the  plan  of 
this  work. 

Specific  mention  should  be  made  of  Wiener  and  Dahse,  who 
hold  that  the  analysis  is  impossible  on  account  of  the  uncer- 
tainty of  the  MT  (Hebrew  text  of  the  OT)  as  compared  with 
the  LXX  (Greek  translations).  They  insist  that  the  LXX 
proves  the  use  of  the  divine  name  to  be  no  safe  criterion  for  the 
separation  of  the  sources  (which  critics  would  generally  admit). 
But  Wiener  and  Dahse  have  not  published  a  systematic  study 
of  the  analysis,  so  that  their  views  are  not  accessible  for  the 
present  purpose. 

Eerdmans  is  the  most  important  opponent  of  the  critical 
position.  Wiener  has  said,  "The  year  1908  saw  the  beginning 
of  a  new  critical  development  which  makes  it  very  difficult  to 
speak  positively  of  modern  critical  views."  Wiener  apparently 
has  little  regard  for  the  works  of  McNeile  1908,  Sellin  1910, 
Skinner  1910,  Steuemagel  1912,  Smend  1912,  Driver  (newed.) 
1914,  and  Eichrodt  1916 — all  in  substantial  agreement  on  the 
critical  analysis ;  but  he  had  in  mind  the  influence  exerted  by 
Eerdmans  since  1908,  when  the  first  "Alttestamentliche  Stu- 
dien"  appeared. 


16       SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH   - 

It  is  sometimes  said  that  Eerdmans  has  overthrown  the 
Wellhausen  position.  He  agrees  with  the  critical  school  in 
only  one  or  two  points.  He  recognizes  that  the  Code  of  the 
Covenant  (Ex.  20^^-23^^)  is  a  separate  and  ancient  collection 
of  laws;  he  accepts  De  Wette's  view  of  Dt.  as  introducing 
centralization  of  worship  in  621;  and  he  regards  the  Penta- 
teuch as  composite  and  mostly  late.  But  he  denies  the  unity 
of  either  J,  E,  or  P  in  any  sense;  holds  that  many  passages 
universally  regarded  as  composite  are  really  unified ;  denies  the 
existence  of  stylistic  and  literary  differences  among  the  "docu- 
ments" ;  and  for  his  general  conception  returns  to  a  sort  of 
combination  of  Vater's  Fragmentary  Hypothesis  and  Stahelin's 
Supplementary  Hypothesis. 

According  to  Eerdmans,  the  word  "Elohim"  (God)  is  to  be 
treated  as  a  plural  (esp.  in  On.),  and  is  indicative  of  polytheism 
in  Israel  down  to  621.  He  is  in  no  sense  a  defender  of  the 
traditional  view,  except  that  the  "E"  Decalogue  and  CC  may 
be  Mosaic.  He  attacks  everyone  that  has  preceded  him.  No 
one  is  on  the  right  track.  In  almost  every  direction  previous 
thought  must  be  abandoned  and  entirely  new  hypotheses 
created. 

On  the  surface  such  a  view  has  little  to  commend  it.  Never- 
theless, Eerdmans  repays  careful  study.  He  makes  many 
brilliant  and  suggestive  exegetical  conjectures,  and,  after  all, 
is  not  so  utterly  far  from  the  established  view  as  one  might 
infer.  In  many  passages  he  agrees  with  the  critical  analysis 
both  as  to  the  fact  of  composition  and  as  to  grouping  of  verses. 
For  example,  in  Genesis,  he  separates  all  of  the  "P"  material 
from  "JE"  except  14  verses  and  6  half  verses  (cf.  Eichrodt). 
This  is  a  remarkable  tribute  to  the  correctness  of  the  critical 
results.  In  the  latter  part  of  Gn.  and  the  first  of  Ex.  he  finds  a 
"Jacob  recension"  which  is  polytheistic  (dated  933-700),  and 
an  "Israel  recension,"  which  has  pre-Deuteronomic,  post- 
Deuteronomic  and  postexilic  elements.  These  recensions  do 
not  correspond  to  J,  E,  or  P,  but  the  subdivisions  of  each  often 
follow  the  lines  of  cleavage  agreed  on  by  criticism. 

"P"  he  subdivides  into  "learned,"  postexilic  glosses  (here 
agreeing  with  the  critical  dating  in  many  cases)  and  valuable 


INTRODUCTION  17 

preexilic  tradition  (which  many,  if  not  most,  critics  are  dis- 
posed to  recognize  in  P), 

Eerdmans  is  a  great  scholar,  and  at  many  points  his  views 
are  taken  into  account.  But  the  frequent  expression  "all 
scholars  agree"  in  this  volume  always  makes  a  tacit  exception 
of  Eerdmans,  unless  he  is  specifically  mentioned. 

Note  on  the  Spelling  of  the  Divine  Name  "Jehovah." 

The  name  of  God  in  Hebrew  consists  of  four  consonants,  JHVH  or 
YHWH.  This  "tetragrammaton"  was  viewed  by  the  Jews  as  too  holy  to 
pronounce,  and  instead  they  said  "The  Lord"  (hence  the  usage  of  the 
King  James  Version).  This  led  them  to  spell  JHVH  with  the  vowels  be- 
longing to  the  word  "Lord"  (in  Hebrew  Adonai);  thus  arose  the  tradi- 
tional vocalization,  Jehovah. 

Scholars  are  agreed  that  the  name  never  was  pronounced  thus  in  He- 
brew, and  an  attempt  is  generally  made  to  spell  it  more  nearly  in  ac- 
cordance with  ancient  Hebrew  practice.  Many  English  and  American 
scholars  prefer  Yahweh;  others,  Jahweh;  Peters  uses  Yahaweh;  many 
others,  including  most  Germans,  write  Jahwe  or  Jahve.  This  last  form, 
Jahve,  is  probably  to  be  preferred.  J  should  be  retained  because  there  is 
not  sufficient  original  distinction  between  J  and  Y  to  warrant  a  change 
from  the  traditional  initial  consonant  of  Jehovah;  the  final  h  should  be 
dropped  because  it  is  silent,  and  has  no  true  consonantal  fimction. 

Nevertheless,  in  order  to  avoid  inconsistency  with  the  American  Stand- 
ard Version,  the  form  "Jehovah"  will  be  retained  in  this  book;  except 
that  in  the  derivatives,  the  forms  "Jahvist"  and  "Jahvistic"  will  be  used, 
to  avoid  confusion  with  Wellhausen's  "Jehovist,"  who  is  Rje,  not  J. 


CHAPTER  I 
J  .THE  JAHVISTIC  OR  JUD.EAN  NARRATIVE 

1.  Literary  Characteristics. 

a.  Is  J  a  Literary  Unity? 

There  is  substantial  agreement  with  reference  to  the  chief 
contents  of  J.  But  there  is  difference  among  scholars  as  to 
whether  the  J  literature  was  all  written  by  one  man  at  one  time, 
or  whether  it  was  written  by  different  men  animated,  on  the 
whole,  by  similar  ideals,  and  using  closely  related  forms  of 
expression. 

It  is  obvious  that  J  as  it  stands  in  the  following  text  is  not  a 
smooth,  perfectly  connected,  unified  narrative.  This  fact  is  in 
a  large  measure  accounted  for  by  the  various  processes  of 
editing  ("redaction")  through  which  the  document  has  passed. 
Most  critics  agree  that  J  experienced  certain  changes  before  it 
was  united  with  E;  and,  in  particular,  Rje,  while  preserving  a 
remarkably  large  proportion  of  the  material  of  J  and  E  as  they 
lay  before  him,  naturally  made  harmonistic  changes  in  each 
(some  of  which  we  can  no  longer  detect)  and  omitted  portions 
now  of  J,  and  now  of  E,  where  the  two  documents  ran  parallel, 
or  where  their  material  did  not  suit  his  purpose.  Hence  we 
should  not  expect  to  find  a  perfect  unity  in  the  J  that  criticism 
has  restored.  We  have  now  only  a  fragmentary,  incomplete  J 
(though  remarkably  connected  and  unified!);  the  problem  is: 
Does  this  J  presuppose  that  it  came  from  one  original  book, 
written  by  one  man,  or  does  it  represent  the  work  of  several 
hands? 

All  are  agreed  that  J  did  not  compose  his  narrative  out  of 
his  imagination.  He  certainly  drew  on  ancient  oral  tradition 
(as  Gunkel  in  particular  has  emphasized);  and  probably  also 
used  certain  literary  sources. 

All  are  also  agreed  that  there  are  many  more  or  less  im- 
portant variations  and  inconsistencies  within  J  (cf.  On.  4^^ 
with  43-13). 

19 


20       SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH 

Some  insist  that  these  variations  are  wholly  due  to  the  fact 
that  the  author  was  drawing  on  different  traditions.  These 
critics  are  so  impressed  by  the  unity  of  J  that  they  believe  it 
easier  to  account  for  one  man's  using  varying  traditions  (sagas) 
than  for  a  school's  writing  with  such  remarkable  unanimity  of 
spirit  and  literary  style.  Kittel  has  been  the  great  advocate 
of  the  unity  of  J,  whom  he  regards  as  "a  personality  of  the  first 
rank,  a  man  of  decided  moral  and  religious  uniqueness."  So 
also  Sellin,  who  says  that  J  as  a  whole  is  the  work  of  "a  quite 
definitely  stamped  literary  and  absolutely  artistic  personality." 
B.  Luther  shares  this  opinion.  Smend  approximates  closely  to 
it,  for  his  J^  is  the  great  literary  personality  that  dominates  the 
present  form  of  the  J  material.  Eichrodt  also  agrees;  he 
says,  "We  must  (in  order  to  give  greater  consistency  to  the 
source  theory)  bring  out  more  clearly  the  picture  of  the  au- 
thors standing  behind  the  various  books,  and  thus  reveal 
each  source  as  the  purposive  work  of  a  literary  personality." 

But  the  majority  of  critics  lay  more  stress  on  the  complexity 
of  J  and  its  apparent  contradictions.  Especially  in  Gn.  2-11 
do  most  scholars  (since  Kuenen  and  Budde)  trace  a  J^  dis- 
tinguished from  J^  This  leads  Budde  to  call  J  and  E  "com- 
prehensive, contemporaneous,  literary  schools."  Gunkel  be- 
lieves that  in  so  far  as  any  one  man  gave  the  document  its 
present  form,  he  has  been  guided  by  the  tradition  more  than  he 
has  shaped  it  independently.  J  for  Gunkel  is  a  collection  of 
cognate  traditions,  not  a  free  composition  stamped  in  every 
part  with  the  author's  own  spirit  and  ideas.  Cornill  says  that 
the  unity  of  J  must  be  unconditionally  denied;  and  Steuer- 
nagel  declares  that  J  consists  of  a  large  number  of  relatively 
independent  sections.  A.  Lods  speaks  of  a  school,  not  an 
author  (SB.). 

However,  the  acceptance  of  the  second  view  does  not  ex- 
clude the  possibility  of  some  one  personality  as  the  dominating 
spirit  in  the  school,  either  at  its  outset  (so  Wellhausen)  or  at  its 
climax  (Smend). 

Summarizing  the  situation  with  reference  to  the  problem  of 
unity,  we  may  say  that  J  is  not  a  completely  smooth  and  con- 
secutive narrative,  written  at  one  time,  but  it  is  (with  certain 


JAHVISTIC  OR  JUD^AN  NARRATIVE  21 

qualifications)  a  unity  in  main  type  of  thought,  expression, 
religious  mood,  social  and  ethical  outlook  and  historical  back- 
ground ;  so  that  the  J  literature  as  a  whole  plainly  belongs  to- 
gether, as  contrasted  with  the  E,  D,  and  P  types. 

b.  The  Extent  of  J. 

All  are  agreed  that  J  material  may  be  found  in  Gn.,  Ex.,  Nu., 
and  Josh.  There  is  no  J  in  Lv.  and  probably  none  in  Dt.  Some 
of  the  J  in  Josh,  is  found,  with  other  related  material,  in  Jg. 
V-2^,  which  is  also  assigned  to  J. 

Critics  disagree  as  to  whether  J  originally  closed  with  this 
account  of  the  conquest  of  Canaan,  or  whether  it  continued 
down  to  the  founding  of  the  kingdom,  or  even  beyond  that 
event.  There  is  ancient  material  in  Jg.,  S.,  and  K.  that  has 
marked  affinity  with  J,  and  is  attributed  to  that  source  by 
Budde  (to  times  of  David),  Bacon,  Comill,  Sellin  (J  ending 
with  1  K.  2^^)  et  al.  Most  critics  treat  Jg.  2^  as  the  last  trace 
of  J.  Steuernagel  and  Kittel,  for  example,  note  the  close  rela- 
tion between  the  older  narratives  in  Jg.  and  J,  but  decline  to 
identify  the  two. 

c.  The  Literary  Style  of  J. 

In  spite  of  the  fact  that  the  form  of  the  traditions  which  J 
incorporates  had  in  many  instances  been  fixed  long  before  his 
time  (1200,  Gunkel)  by  oral  or  written  tradition  (so  also  Steuer- 
nagel, E.  Meyer,  Smend),  J  has  a  remarkable  and  characteristic 
literary  style.  The  agreement  among  critics  is  unanimous  (always 
excepting  the  school  of  Eerdmans).  "J  is,"  says  Kittel,  "an 
artist  in  form  and  language  such  as  few  before  or  after  him." 
All  describe  his  style  as  picturesque,  vivid,  concrete  (often 
specifying  the  time  of  day,  Bacon)  living,  naive,  natural,  ro- 
bust; as  a  story-teller  he  is  unsurpassed. 

A  few  especially  happy  accounts  of  J's  style  may  be  noted. 
Driver  says  that  he  "excels  in  the  power  of  delineating  life  and 
character.  His  touch  is  singularly  light :  with  a  few  strokes  he 
paints  a  scene  which,  before  he  has  finished,  is  impressed  in- 
delibly upon  his  reader's  memory.  .  .  .  His  dialogues  especially 
(which  are  frequent)  are  remarkable  for  the  delicacy  and  truth- 
fulness with  which  character  and  emotions  find  expression  in 
them." 


22  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH 

Proksch  finds  something  "sunny"  in  J's  work,  and  charm 
and  beauty  in  his  characters  in  spite  of  the  survival  of  primitive 
traits.  Smend,  thinking  particularly  of  his  J^,  calls  him  "a 
poet  who  composes  on  a  grand  and  connected  scale;  a  fas- 
cinating narrator  and  an  eloquent  orator,"  combining  the  high- 
est national  enthusiasm  with  human  feeling  and  spiritual  out- 
look. 

d.  J's  Peculiarities  in  the  Use  of  Proper  Names. 

Turning  to  more  specific  traits  of  J,  we  find  all  critics  agree- 
ing that  his  usage  with  reference  to  proper  names  is  marked  by 
certain  peculiarities. 

Outstanding  is  the  name  "Jehovah"  (Jahve).  Through  his 
entire  narrative,  beginning  with  Gn.  2*,  J  uses,  almost  ex- 
clusively, the  divine  name  "Jehovah,"  that  E  mentions  first 
in  Ex.  3,  and  P  first  in  Ex.  6  (except  that  editors  have  intro- 
duced it  in  a  few  earlier  passages).  J  does  not,  however,  con- 
fine himself  to  this  name;  he  says  "God"  (Elohim)  "(1)  When 
God  is  spoken  of  by  those  not  in  covenant  with  Jehovah,  as  by 
Adam  and  Eve  before  the  time  of  Seth  .  .  .  ,  and  by  the 
Serpent.  ...  (2)  When  emphasis  is  laid  on  God's  abstract 
nature,  especially  in  contrast  to  man,  Gn.  16^^32^°.  (3)  In  the 
construct  state,*  when,  with  a  following  word,  it  is  used  de- 
scriptively of  God,  as  'God  of  Abraham,'  'of  heaven  and  earth,' 
etc."  (Woods  in  HDB). 

It  follows  that  the  use  of  the  divine  names  is  by  no  means 
an  infalUble,  or  the  chief,  criterion  for  separation  of  the  sources. 
Steuernagel  says  that  there  is  no  compulsion  for  a  Jahvistic 
writer  always  to  use  the  name  "Jehovah."  Eichrodt  rightly 
calls  dependence  on  this  criterion  the  "baby-shoes"  of  criti- 
cism, that  need  to  be  taken  off. 

Other  proper  names  used  by  J  in  contrast  to  E  are:  Israel 
(as  a  later  name  of  Jacob),  Canaanite  (for  E's  Amorite),  Sinai 
(vs.  Horeb  E),  and  Hobab  son  of  Reuel  (as  father-in-law  of 
Moses).  The  absence  of  Aaron  from  J  in  its  original  form  is 
asserted  by  Wellhausen,  Comill,  Holzinger,  Stade,  Gressmann, 
White,  Addis,  Cook,  Kent,  et  al.,  vs.  Kittel  only,  who  finds 
Aaron  original  in  J. 

•  A  noun  followed  by  another  noun  in  the  "possessive"  is  said  to  be  in  the  construct  state. 


JAHVISTIC  OR  JUD.EAN  NARRATIVE  23 

e.  Other  Characteristic  Words  and  Expressions. 

There  are  numerous  words  and  expressions  that  are  used 
either  by  J  only  or  by  him  much  more  frequently  than  by  other 
writers.  Examples  are :  break  forth,  call  on  the  name  of,  find 
favor  in  the  eyes  of,  land  flowing  with  milk  and  honey,  three 
days'  journey. 

Many  of  the  most  striking  stylistic  peculiarities  are  apparent 
only  to  the  reader  of  Hebrew.  J  employs  characteristic  Hebrew 
words  for:  before,  beget,  entreat,  from  the  time  that,  ground, 
harden  (of  Pharaoh's  heart),  hasten,  know,  language.  Lord 
(Adonai),  maid,  man  and  wife,  oath,  parts,  this  time,  until. 

Lists  of  such  expressions  may  be  found  in  Bacon,  Driver, 
Carpenter  and  Harford,  McNeile,  Sellin,  Woods,  and  in  most 
introductions. 

2.  Characteristic  Ideas. 

a.  Aim  of  J. 

The  aim  of  J  is  recognized  to  have  been  wholly  ethical  and 
religious :  to  elevate  and  purify  the  ideals  of  the  nation. 

Although  a  skillful  story-teller,  "he  does  not  aim  to  enter- 
tain, but,  rather,  to  solve  problems"  (Kittel) — such  as  sin,  evil, 
pain,  labor,  sickness,  death,  language,  the  antithesis  of  agri- 
culturalist and  nomad. 

B.  Luther  draws  an  instructive  parallel  between  the  aims 
and  characteristics  of  J  and  of  the  great  literary  prophets  that 
followed  him  (from  Amos  on).  J  was  a  spectator  of  history; 
the  prophets  intervened  in  the  life  of  their  times.  J  was  an 
optimist;  the  prophets  inclined  to  pessimism  regarding  the 
nation.  J's  art  was  idealistic,  portraying  things  and  persons 
as  they  ought  to  be ;  the  art  of  the  prophets  was  realistic,  por- 
traying things  and  persons  as  they  are. 

b.  Characteristic  Religious  Ideas. 

The  outstanding  characteristic  of  J's  religious  thought  is  his 
anthropomorphic  and  anthropopathic  conception  of  Jehovah. 
The  Jehovah  of  the  creation  story  walks  in  the  garden  in  the 
cool  of  the  day,  and  is  very  human.  He  comes  down  from 
heaven  to  observe  the  tower  of  Babel.  He  shuts  Noah  into  the 
ark.    He  (or  his  angel)  visits  earth  in  visible  form  Gn.  18-19. 


24       SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH 

He  meets  Moses  and  seeks  to  slay  him  Ex.  4^4.  He  descends 
to  Mount  Sinai  and  is  seen  by  Moses  Ex.  2^^-^^S3^''-^K  He  is 
grieved,  repents,  covenants,  makes  oaths,  is  angry,  and  has 
many  of  the  other  traits  of  man's  consciousness,  as  well  as  his 
form  (so  Driver,  Carpenter,  and  Harford,  et  al.). 

There  are  certain  attempts  on  the  part  of  J  to  modify  or 
weaken  this  anthropomorphism  (so  Steuemagel).  God  appears 
as  a  flame  of  fire,  Gn.  15^^  Ex,  3^;  in  a  dream — somewhat 
more  spiritual  than  an  actual  theophany,  Gn.  26^*  28^^"; 
through  the  mediation  of  angels — emphasizing  the  transcend- 
ence of  Jehovah  Gn.  16''ffl9^s-24^  Ex.  3^.  But  such  passages 
are  relatively  rare. 

The  predominance  of  the  anthropomorphic  is  .now  very  gen- 
erally attributed  either  to  the  ancient  sagas  used  by  J  (so 
Kittel),  or  to  the  earliest  writer  in  the  J  school  (so  all  who 
distinguish  a  J^  and  J^).  For,  with  all  his  anthropomorphism, 
J  has  many  signs  of  an  exalted  and  transcendent  conception  of 
Deity.  Jehovah  dwells  in  heaven,  and  usually  rules  from 
above;  he  is  Lord  of  all  the  world,  almighty,  seeing  into  the 
hearts  of  men  (Kittel).  He  is  holy,  unapproachable,  perhaps 
even  more  majestic  than  in  E  (Eichrodt). 

J's  standpoint  is  very  nearly  monotheistic.  He  does  not, 
indeed,  deny  that  other  gods  than  Jehovah  exist;  but  "He 
tolerates  no  god  beside  himself  in  Israel"  (cf.  Nu.  25^--^).  J 
prepares  the  way  for  the  "moral  monotheism"  of  Amos  (Smend). 
This  monotheistic  (more  correctly  henotheistic)  tendency  is  re- 
vealed especially  in  the  story  of  the  plagues.  Such  monotheism 
is  a  naive  mood,  not  a  theory  (Kittel). 

J's  spiritual  faith  is  revealed  further  in  the  fact  that  he  bases 
his  religion  to  a  surprisingly  small  degree  on  divine  interven- 
tions or  miracles.  In  fact,  B.  Luther  says  flatly  that  J  "rejects 
miracles  and  substitutes  for  them  natural  events"  (contrast  J's 
with  E's  account  of  the  crossing  of  the  Red  Sea  or  the  plagues). 
In  harmony  with  this  conception  (not  unrelated  to  the  modern 
philosophy  of  the  divine  immanence,  which  sees  God  in  every 
natural  event),  J  holds  to  an  "unbroken  continuity  of  revela- 
tion of  Jehovah,  from  Gn.  4^6  on"  (Carpenter  and  Harford). 

There  is  a  question  whether  J  looked  forward  to  a  future 


JAHVISTIC  OR  JUD^AN  NARRATIVE  25 

Messiah  or  to  an  eschatological  Messianic  future.  Most 
scholars,  especially  those  of  the  "Wellhausen  School,"  believe 
that  J  knew  nothing  of  this  hope.  Three  passages  have  a  pos- 
sible bearing,  Gn.  S^HQ^^  Nu.  24^''.  Gn.  3^^  has  been  viewed 
traditionally  as  a  Messianic  prophecy,  and  has  been  called  the 
Protevangelium,  the  first  Gospel.  But  modem  scholars  agree 
in  denying  such  exegesis ;  the  verse  speaks  only  of  enmity  be- 
tween serpents  and  men — an  allegory  of  the  moral  struggle  of 
humanity.  Perhaps  there  is  a  hint  at  the  final  victory  of  good 
(Dillmann,  Driver,  Kautzsch),  but  this  is  not  clearly  implied 
(Mitchell,  Skinner,  et  al.).  Gn.  49^"  is  regarded  as  Messianic 
by  all  except  Skinner,  who  refers  it  to  David  and  his  dynasty. 
Many  view  it  as  an  interpolation — Wellhausen,  Stade,  Dill- 
mann, Holzinger,  Driver,  Kautzsch,  Cornill(lOb),  Mitchell  et 
al. — because  it  interrupts  9  and  11,  because  it  would  be  the 
only  case  of  a  personal  Messiah  before  the  eighth  century,  and 
because  Ez.  2V  seems  to  be  the  original  from  which  v.  10  is 
taken.  But  many  others  hold  with  Skinner  and  Steuemagel 
that  the  interruption  of  vv.  9  and  11  is  not  evident  (Comill 
retains  10a) ;  and  that  the  other  two  arguments  are  inconclu- 
sive. Hence  v.  10  (taken  in  connection  with  11  and  12)  is  re- 
garded as  Messianic  by  Gunkel,  Gressmann,  Sellin,  et  al.  Nu. 
24*^  is  generally  treated  as  a  vaticinium  ex  eventu  referring  to 
David.  Holzinger  holds  that  it  originally  referred  to  David, 
but  in  its  present  form,  to  the  Messiah.  Sellin  reverses  the 
order  and  makes  it  originally  Messianic,  but  Davidic  in  its 
present  form.  Gn.  49^''  is  then  the  only  surely  Messianic  pas- 
sage in  J,  and  it  may  be  an  interpolation. 

J's  attitude  toward  the  cultus  is  noteworthy.  He  reverences 
the  ancient  shrines  at  Hebron,  Beersheba,  Bethel,  Shechem, 
Peniel,  etc.  He  keeps  the  three  annual  feasts  (Ex.  34).  He 
recognizes  the  function  of  sacrifice  (Abel,  Noah,  Ex.  34).  But 
"his  altars  are  more  for  prayer  than  for  sacrifice"  (Kittel, 
B.  Luther).  Like  the  great  prophets,  he  is  more  interested  in 
righteousness  than  in  ritual.  He  "never  mentions  massebahs, 
asherahs,  or  images  of  any  kind"  (Luther).  In  contrast  to  P, 
he  derives  sacrifice  and  the  distinction  of  clean  and  unclean  not 
from  God's  command  to  Moses,  but  from  the  practice  of  antiquity. 


26       SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH 

In  general,  the  religious  atmosphere  of  J  is  recognized  as 
prophetic  or  "pre-prophetic"  (prior  to  the  literary  prophets, 
from  Amos  760-750  on).  Driver's  statement  that  "the  prophetic 
element  is  conspicuously  prominent,"  and  Steuernagel's  that 
"the  prophetic  movement  finds  no  traceable  echo  here,"  mean 
that  J  represents  the  prophetic  movement  at  a  time  before  its 
literary  exponents  had  arisen.  To  find  its  author  or  authors 
among  the  priests  (Bacon,  Smend)  does  not  commend  itself  to 
the  majority  of  critics. 

c.  Characteristic  Ethical  Ideas. 

On  the  whole,  J  makes  religion  ethical  (Kittel),  but  the 
patriarchs  do  not  live  on  a  high  moral  plane;  they  deceive 
and  have  very  primitive  ideas  about  the  family  and  sex  rela- 
tions in  general. 

Carpenter  and  Harford  emphasize  J's  friendliness  to  non- 
Hebrews.  Esau's  (i.  e.,  Edom's)  magnanimity  is  described; 
Joseph  takes  an  Egyptian  wife ;  Jehovah  is  worshiped  in  other 
nations,  as  by  Nimrod,  Laban,  Balaam,  etc. 

d.  Attitude  toward  Culture. 

Budde,  B.  Luther,  and  Kittel  find  in  J  an  adherent  of  the 
nomadic  ideal  represented  by  the  Nazirites  and  the  Rechabites, 
and  so  an  opponent  of  culture.  But  most  scholars  agree  with 
Carpenter  and  Harford  in  the  view  that  J  is  especially  inter- 
ested in  civilization  and  its  history.  He  narrates  "the  develop- 
ment of  the  arts,  cattle-breeding  and  agriculture,  music,  metal- 
working,  husbandry,  and  culture  of  the  vine" ;  and  he  gives  a 
classification  of  all  nations  and  an  account  of  the  origin  of 
language. 

e.  Attitude  toward  History. 

J  conceives  human  history  as  working  out  the  divine  pur- 
poses. His  historical  outlook  is  also  colored  by  a  strong  na- 
tional consciousness,  "a  broad  and  comprehensive  patriotism" 
(Bacon).  He  treats  of  all  the  tribes.  He  thinks  of  Israel  as 
related  to  the  other  great  nations  of  the  world. 

J  represents  the  work  of  Moses  as  very  important,  and  yet 
not  something  entirely  novel  (in  contrast  to  E  and  especially 
to  P).  For  J,  the  religion  of  Moses  was  organically  connected 
with  the  religion  of  the  patriarchs. 


JAHVISTIC  OR  JUD^AN  NARRATIVE  27 

As  far  as  we  may  judge  from  the  fragments  that  remain,  J 
pictures  the  conquest  of  Canaan  as  a  slow,  painful  process, 
only  gradually  accomplished  by  more  or  less  isolated  bands  of 
Hebrews,  under  no  centralized  leadership  (in  contrast  to  E 
and  P,  where  Joshua  is  a  completely  victorious  general). 

3.  Home  of  Author. 

A  very  few  have  held  that  J  originated  in  the  northern  king- 
dom, e.  g.,  Schrader,  Reuss,  Kuenen,  and,  more  recently,  B. 
Luther.  But  it  is  one  of  the  assured  results  of  criticism  that 
J  was  written  in  the  southern  kingdom  (Judah) ;  so  think 
Wellhausen,  Dillmann,  Cornill,  Budde,  Kittel,  E.  Meyer,  Stade, 
Holzinger,  Steuemagel,  Baudissin,  Gunkel,  Proksch,  Sellin, 
Smend,  Eichrodt,  Driver,  Carpenter  and  Harford,  Bacon, 
George  Foote  Moore,  Mitchell,  and  countless  others.  Kautzsch 
suspects  that  the  first  form  of  J  may  have  been  written  in  Is- 
rael, but  he  admits  that  in  its  present  form  it  must  come  from 
Judah. 

The  reasons  for  this  agreement  are  evident,  J  is  interested 
in  the  sacred  places  of  the  south,  especially  Hebron.  The  tribe 
of  Judah  receives  special  attention  as  in  Gn.  38,  49,  and  Jg.  1. 
Judah  (not  Reuben  E)  takes  the  lead  in  the  Joseph  story. 
Nu.  24^^"^^  refers  to  the  reign  of  David,  according  to  most 
critics  (Smend).  Joshua,  the  Ephraimitic  hero,  is  very  incon- 
spicuous in  J  (Cornill).  Steuernagel  asserts  that  all  of  the 
specifically  Judahite  material  in  the  Pentateuch  is  to  be  found 
in  J. 

J  was  not  a  narrow  partisan  of  the  southern  kingdom.  He 
mentions  with  friendliness  and  reverence  persons  and  places 
connected  with  North  Israel.  This  is  due  to  the  fact  that  he 
was  drawing  on  a  tradition  older  than  the  division  of  the  king- 
dom. But  the  characteristic  interest  and  distinguishing  fea- 
tures of  J  all  point  to  the  southern  kingdom  as  his  home. 

4.  The  Date  of  J— 850. 

Professor  Eiselen's  excellent  work.  The  Books  of  the  Penta- 
teuch, pp.  63-120,  gives  a  thorough  and  dispassionate  examina- 
tion of  the  traditional  view  that  Moses  wrote  the  Pentateuch. 
Critics  have  for  a  long  time  ceased  to  hold  the  Mosaic  author- 


28       SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH 

ship,  and  seek  to  discover  clues  to  the  dating  of  J  (and  the 
other  documents)  by  examining  the  material  in  order  to  find  a 
terminus  ad  quern  later  than  which  the  document  in  question 
could  not  have  been  written,  and  a  terminus  a  quo  earlier  than 
which  it  could  not  have  been  written. 

a.  Evidence  for  the  Terminus  ad  quem  of  the  Composition 
of  J. 

i.  All  critics  agree  that  J  was  written  before  Dt.  The  date 
of  Dt.  (published  621,  composed  650)  is  an  assured  result  of 
criticism,  accepted  even  by  Eerdmans.  J  and  E  both  precede 
Dt. ;  in  theological  ideas,  ritual,  conception  of  the  priesthood, 
place  of  worship,  etc.,  they  show  no  trace  of  the  ideas  of  Dt. ; 
whereas  all  extensive  post-Deuteronomic  writings  do  show  such 
traces  in  abundance.    This  yields  650  as  terminus  ad  quem. 

ii.  Most  critics  agree  that  J  is  older  than  the  earliest  literary 
prophets,  Amos  and  Hosea.  On  the  one  hand,  J  does  not 
reach  the  ethical  and  religious  heights  of  these  prophets,  but 
seems  to  represent  a  less  advanced  stage,  where  the  burning 
prophetic  sense  of  social  injustice  and  individual  sin  is  just 
dawning.  On  the  other  hand,  the  historical  allusions  in  Amos 
2^  and  Hosea  12^-^-^2-i3  ^^^^  other  passages  are  all  to  events 
mentioned  in  J  and  E  (Kittel,  Carpenter  and  Harford,  et  al.). 
They  knew  J  and  E ;  J  and  E  did  not  know  them.  This  yields 
760-750  (Amos)  as  a  more  accurate  terminus  ad  quem. 

iii.  The  overwhelming  majority  of  critics  agree  that  J  is 
older  than  E.  Dillmann  defended  for  a  long  time  with  great 
tenacity  the  priority  of  E;  but  his  view  was  largely  based  on 
his  analysis  which  included  in  J  numerous  passages  now  gen- 
erally ascribed  to  later  writers  (Dr.).  The  relatively  higher 
antiquity  of  J  is  accepted  by  scholars  of  widely  varying  theo- 
logical opinions,  and  diverse  nationality.  Among  those  that 
hold  this  view  are  Wellhausen,  Kuenen,  H.  Schultz,  Bacon, 
E.  Meyer,  Stade,  Wildeboer,  Kautzsch,  Gunkel,  Budde,  Cornill, 
Sellin,  Driver,  McNeile,  Mitchell,  George  Foote  Moore,  Smend, 
and  Eichrodt. 

Reasons  for  this  consensus  are  abundant.  The  style  and 
ideas  of  J  are  more  primitive  than  those  of  E.  The  reader 
may  convince  himself  of  this  fact  by  a  comparison  of  the  in- 


JAHVISTIC  OR  JUD^AN  NARRATIVE  29 

troductions  to  each  document  with  each  other  and  with  the 
documents  themselves.  Hence  we  have  as  terminus  ad  quem 
for  J  750  (the  date  of  E). 

iv.  Smend  uses  another  fact  to  fix  the  terminus  ad  quem  at 
about  750.  J  mentions  the  Assyrians  (cf.  Gn.  10),  but  shows 
no  trace  of  conflict  with  them.  The  Assyrians  appeared  on  the 
IsraeUtic  horizon  as  a  foe  in  854,  at  the  battle  of  Karkar.  Jehu 
paid  tribute  to  them,  842.  They  became  involved  in  the 
affairs  of  the  southern  kingdom  at  the  time  of  the  Syro- 
Ephraimitic  war  (735-734).    This  confirms  the  other  results. 

V.  There  is  no  clear  reference  to  the  division  of  the  kingdom 
(for  Gn.  49^^*'  need  not  read  "separation,"  but  may  refer  to 
the  Nazirite  vow).  Hence  Sellin  and  Proksch  would  make  the 
rebellion  of  Jeroboam  I  the  terminus  ad  quem  (937  or  933). 
But  most  critics  hold  that  such  use  of  the  argumentum  e  silentio 
is  not  legitimate.  Steuernagel,  for  example,  would  account  for 
this  silence  on  the  ground  that  the  sagas  on  which  J  and  E  are 
founded  doubtless  took  shape  in  the  period  of  the  united 
kingdom.  Further,  we  may  add  that  J  was  dominated  by  the 
idea  of  the  spiritual  unity  of  the  nation,  and  might  therefore 
purposely  refrain  from  alluding  to  its  political  division. 

b.  Evidence  for  the  Terminus  a  quo  of  the  Composition  of  J. 

We  have  seen  that  J  was  written  not  later  than  750.  How 
much  earlier  than  this  could  it  have  been  composed?  Critics 
agree  on  certain  general  considerations. 

i.  References  to  the  complete  conquest  and  enslavement  of 
the  Canaanites  presuppose  the  time  of  Solomon.  Such  ex- 
pressions as  "the  Canaanite  was  then  in  the  land"  Gn.  12^13^  Jg. 
pi. 28^  imply  that  at  the  time  of  the  writer  the  Canaanite  was 
no  longer  a  factor.  Gn.  9^^"^^  must  have  been  written  at  a 
time  when  Canaan  was  already  enslaved;  an  event  which  oc- 
curred in  the  reign  of  Solomon  IK.  9^°'^^  Cornill  views  this 
as  furnishing  an  absolutely  certain  terminus  a  quo  (so  also, 
Kautzsch,  Carpenter  and  Harford,  A.  Lods,  et  al.). 

ii.  References  to  the  kingdom  presuppose  at  least  the  times 
of  David  or  Solomon.  Sellin  calls  attention  to  Gn.  36^^9'*-'2 
Nu.  24i»-i». 

iii.  Gn.  49  is  unanimously  regarded  as  an  ancient  poem  in- 


30       SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH 

corporated  by  J  into  his  work.  While  it  is  very  difficult  to  date 
this  poem  exactly,  all  agree  that  in  its  present  form  it  contains 
allusions  to  the  united  kingdom;  and  many  hold  that  it  pre- 
supposes the  time  of  Ahab  (d,  854) ;  see  J 19  below. 

iv.  The  nations  mentioned  in  Gn.  10  (Proksch)  and  the 
boundaries  of  Israel  Gn.  15^^  correspond  to  the  national  and 
international  situation  during  the  reign  of  Solomon. 

V.  The  use  of  the  divine  name  "Jehovah"  points  to  a  period 
after  the  time  of  David.  Gray,  Konig,  Carpenter  and  Harford 
find  that  proper  names  compounded  with  "Jah"  or  "Jahve"  do 
not  occur  among  the  patriarchs,  are  exceedingly  rare  in  the 
Mosaic  age,  and  emerge  freely  only  in  the  time  of  David.  This 
evidence  would  suggest  the  time  of  David  as  a  terminus  a  quo 
for  a  document  that  uses  the  name  "Jehovah"  almost  uni- 
formly. 

vi.  Gn,  27^°*  presupposes  that  the  conquest  of  Edom  by 
David  is  past. 

c.  The  Closer  Determination  of  the  Date  of  J. 

If  Gn.27*°^  were  original,  we  should  probably  have  a  reference 
to  the  revolt  of  Edom  from  Joram  of  Judah,  840,  but  the  pas- 
sage is  probably  a  later  gloss. 

i.  All  recognize,  with  Driver,  that  the  language  of  J  "be- 
longs to  the  golden  period  of  Hebrew  literature  and  resembles 
the  best  parts  of  Jg.  and  Sm,"  betraying  no  trace  of  an  archaic 
flavor. 

ii.  All  agree  that  J  was  written  in  a  time  of  national  peace 
and  prosperity.  This  leaves  open  the  reigns  of  Solomon  and 
Jehoshaphat.  The  former  is  preferred  by  Schultz,  Sellin,  and 
Proksch.  The  latter,  the  reign  of  Jehoshaphat,  is  accepted  by 
the  vast  majority  of  scholars.  So,  with  little  variation  from 
the  year  850,  Wellhausen,  Kuenen,  Stade,  Riehm,  Kittel,  B. 
Luther,  McNeile,  Cornill,  Kautzsch,  Gunkel,  George  Foote 
Moore,  Mitchell,  Steuemagel,  Staerk,  Smend(JO,  and  "the 
overwhelming  majority  of  scholars"  (Eichrodt). 

The  chief  reason  for  the  all  but  unanimous  verdict  lies  in  the 
relation  of  the  religious  and  moral  ideas  of  J  to  the  develop- 
ment pictured  in  the  books  of  Samuel  and  Kings.  J  is  be- 
lieved to  have  more  affinity  with  Elijah  (so  Kittel,  B.  Luther 


JAHVISTIC  OR  JUD^AN  NARRATIVE  31 

et  al.)  than  with  the  type  of  morals  and  reUgion  that  existed  in 
the  reign  of  Solomon.  Some  scholars  detect  in  2  Ch.  17^  an 
allusion  to  the  existence  of  J  in  the  times  of  Jehoshaphat. 

By  way  of  conclusion  we  may  quote  Sellin's  estimate  of  J: 
"From  all  this  material  a  work  with  a  quite  definite  theme  was 
created,  a  work  of  breadth  of  view  and  religious  inwardness 
and  depth,  a  work  transfused  with  the  Spirit  of  the  living  God 
that  saves,  punishes  sin,  but  is  gracious  and  merciful  to  all.  No 
nation  of  antiquity  has  anything  equal  to  it.  In  this  writing, 
which  despite  its  apparently  quite  particularistic  tendency  is 
transfused  with  the  assurance  of  a  unity  in  the  human  race 
and  the  dream  of  a  kingdom  of  God  on  this  earth  full  of  won- 
der, a  writing  which  comes  from  the  first  youthful  period  of 
Israel,  a  spring  bubbles  up  from  which  humanity  will  always 
be  able  to  draw  the  strength  of  youth  for  its  religious  life." 


THE  TEXT  OF  J 

1.  The  Creation  of  Man.    PI. 
Gn.  24b-7 

4b.  In  the  day  that  Jehovah  God  made  earth  and  heaven, 
5  and  no  plant  of  the  field  was  yet  in  the  earth,  and  no  herb 
of  the  field  had  yet  sprung  up ;  for  Jehovah  God  had  not  caused 
it  to  rain  upon  the  earth :  and  there  was  not  a  man  to  till  the 
ground;  6  but  there  went  up  a  mist  from  the  earth,  and 
watered  the  whole  face  of  the  ground.  7  And  Jehovah  God 
formed  man  of  the  dust  of  the  ground,  and  breathed  into  his 
nostrils  the  breath  of  life ;  and  man  became  a  living  soul. 

2.  The  Garden  of  Eden. 
Gn.  28-17 

8  And  Jehovah  God  planted  a  garden  eastward,  in  Eden; 
and  there  he  put  the  man  whom  he  had  formed.  9  And  out 
of  the  ground  made  Jehovah  God  to  grow  every  tree  that  is 
pleasant  to  the  sight,  and  good  for  food ;  the  tree  of  life  also  in  the 
midst  of  the  garden,  and  the  tree  of  the  knowledge  of  good  and  evil. 

10  And  a  river  went  out  of  Eden  to  water  the  garden;  and  from  thence 
it  was  parted,  and  became  four  heads.  11  The  name  of  the  first  is  Pishon: 
that  is  it  which  compasseth  the  whole  land  of  Havilah,  where  there  is 
gold;  12  and  the  gold  of  that  land  is  good:  there  is  bdellium  and  the 
onjTc  stone.  13  And  the  name  of  the  second  river  is  Gihon:  the  same  is 
it  that  compasseth  the  whole  land  of  Gush.  14  And  the  name  of  the 
third  river  is  Hiddekel:  that  is  it  which  goeth  in  front  of  Assyria.  And 
the  fourth  river  is  the  Euphrates. 

15  And  Jehovah  God  took  the  man,  and  put  him  into  the 
garden  of  Eden  to  dress  it  and  to  keep  it.  16  And  Jehovah 
God  commanded  the  man,  saying.  Of  every  tree  of  the  garden 
thou  may  est  freely  eat:  17  but  of  the  tree  of  the  knowledge 
of  good  and  evil,  thou  shalt  not  eat  of  it:  for  in  the  day  that 
thou  eatest  thereof  thou  shalt  surely  die. 

3.  The  Creation  of  Woman. 
Gn.  218-25 

18  And  Jehovah  God  said.  It  is  not  good  that  the  man  should 


[The  numbered  footnotes  refer  to  the  corresponding  division  of  J  (E  or  P)  and  not  to 
anything  in  the  text.] 

'The  word  "God"  after  "Jehovah"  is  not  original  in  J;  so  most  critics  except  Eerd. 
and  Eichr. 

2  Gloss  in  2»:  Bu.,  Co.,  Ka.?  (and  many),  Sk.,  Kent.,  Smend,  SB.;  St.,  Ba.,  Ka.?  view 
entire  verse  as  J2.  2'"-"  R:most  critics  since  Ewald  (Sk.),  esp.,  Ka.,  Gu.,  GFM.,  Kent, 
Sk.,  Co.,  St.,  Smend.  J^:  SB. 

32 


Gn.  24b_3io  ]  jl_4  33 

be  alone ;  I  will  make  a  help  meet  for  him.  19  And  out  of  the 
ground  Jehovah  God  formed  every  beast  of  the  field,  and 
every  bird  of  the  heavens;  and  brought  them  unto  the  man 
to  see  what  he  would  call  them:  and  whatsoever  the  man 
called  every  living  creature,  that  was  the  name  thereof.  20  And 
the  man  gave  names  to  all  cattle,  and  to  the  birds  of  the  heavens, 
and  to  every  beast  of  the  field;  but  for  man  there  was  not 
found  a  help  meet  for  him.  21  And  Jehovah  God  caused  a 
deep  sleep  to  fall  upon  the  man,  and  he  slept ;  and  he  took  one 
of  his  ribs,  and  closed  up  the  flesh  instead  thereof:  22  and 
the  rib  which  Jehovah  God  had  taken  from  the  man,  made 
he  a  woman,  and  brought  her  unto  the  man.  23  And  the 
man  said.  This  is  now  bone  of  my  bones,  and  flesh  of  my  flesh : 
she  shall  be  called  Woman,  because  she  was  taken  out  of  Man. 
24  Therefore  shall  a  man  leave  his  father  and  his  mother,  and 
shall  cleave  unto  his  wife :  and  they  shall  be  one  flesh.  25  And 
they  were  both  naked,  the  man  and  his  wife,  and  were  not 
ashamed. 

4.  The  Fall. 

Gn.  31-24 

31  Now  the  serpent  was  more  subtle  than  any  beast  of  the 
field  which  Jehovah  God  had  made.  And  he  said  unto  the 
woman,  Yea,  hath  God  said.  Ye  shall  not  eat  of  any  tree  of 
the  garden?  2  And  the  woman  said  unto  the  serpent.  Of  the 
fruit  of  the  trees  of  the  garden  we  may  eat :  3  but  of  the  fruit 
of  the  tree  which  is  in  the  midst  of  the  garden,  God  hath  said, 
Ye  shall  not  eat  of  it,  neither  shall  ye  touch  it,  lest  ye  die. 
4  And  the  serpent  said  unto  the  woman.  Ye  shall  not  surely 
die :  5  for  God  doth  know  that  in  the  day  ye  eat  thereof,  then 
your  eyes  shall  be  opened,  and  ye  shall  be  as  God,  knowing 
good  and  evil.  6  And  when  the  woman  saw  that  the  tree  was 
good  for  food,  and  that  it  was  a  delight  to  the  eyes,  and  that 
the  tree  was  to  be  desired  to  make  one  wise,  she  took  of  the 
fruit  thereof,  and  did  eat ;  and  she  gave  also  unto  her  husband 
with  her,  and  he  did  eat.  7  And  the  eyes  of  them  both  were 
opened,  and  they  knew  that  they  were  naked ;  and  they  sewed 
fig-leaves  together,  and  made  themselves  aprons.  8  And  they 
heard  the  voice  of  Jehovah  God  walking  in  the  garden  in  the 
cool  of  the  day :  and  the  man  and  his  wife  hid  themselves  from 
the  presence  of  Jehovah  God  amongst  the  trees  of  the  garden. 

9  And  Jehovah  God  called  unto  the  man,  and  said  unto  him, 
Where  art  thou?  10  And  he  said,  I  heard  thy  voice  in  the 
garden,  and  I  was  afraid,  because  I  was  naked ;  and  I  hid  my- 

«  Many  view  32"  as  late:  so  Co.,  Gu.,  Mi.,  St.  322  "  are  regarded  as  J'  by  Bu.,  Ba.,  Ka.7, 
Gu.,  Mi.,  Kent,  St.,  Sk.,  Co.,  et  al. 


34       SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH   [  Gn.  S^" 

self.  11  And  he  said,  Who  told  thee  that  thou  wast  naked? 
Hast  thou  eaten  of  the  tree,  whereof  I  commanded  thee  that 
thou  shouldest  not  eat?  12  And  the  man  said,  The  woman 
whom  thou  gavest  to  be  with  me,  she  gave  me  of  the  tree,  and 
I  did  eat.  13  And  Jehovah  God  said  unto  the  woman,  What 
is  this  thou  hast  done?  And  the  woman  said,  The  serpent 
beguiled  me,  and  I  did  eat. 

14  And  Jehovah  God  said  unto  the  serpent,  Because  thou 
hast  done  this,  cursed  art  thou  above  all  cattle,  and  above 
every  beast  of  the  field;  upon  thy  belly  shalt  thou  go,  and 
dust  shalt  thou  eat  all  the  days  of  thy  life:  15  and  I  will  put 
ermaity  between  thee  and  the  woman,  and  between  thy  seed 
and  her  seed:  he  shall  bruise  thy  head,  and  thou  shalt  bruise 
his  heel.  16  Unto  the  woman  he  said,  I  will  greatly  multiply 
thy  pain  and  thy  conception;  in  pain  thou  shalt  bring  forth 
children;  and  thy  desire  shall  be  to  thy  husband,  and  he  shall 
rule  over  thee.  17  And  unto  Adam  he  said.  Because  thou  hast 
hearkened  unto  the  voice  of  thy  wife,  and  hast  eaten  of  the 
tree,  of  which  I  commanded  thee,  saying.  Thou  shalt  not  eat 
of  it:  cursed  is  the  ground  for  thy  sake;  in  toil  shalt  thou  eat 
of  it  all  the  days  of  thy  life;  18  thorns  also  and  thistles  shall 
it  bring  forth  to  thee ;  and  thou  shalt  eat  the  herb  of  the  field ; 
19  in  the  sweat  of  thy  face  shalt  thou  eat  bread,  till  thou  re- 
turn unto  the  ground;  for  out  of  it  wast  thou  taken:  for  dust 
thou  art,  and  unto  dust  shalt  thou  return. 

20  And  the  man  called  his  wife's  name  Eve;  because  she 
was  the  mother  of  all  hving.  21  And  Jehovah  God  made  for 
Adam  and  for  his  wife  coats  of  skins,  and  clothed  them. 

22  And  Jehovah  God  said,  Behold,  the  man  is  become  as  one  of  us,  to 
know  good  and  evil;  and  now,  lest  he  put  forth  his  hand,  and  take  also  of 
the  tree  of  life,  and  eat,  and  live  forever— 23  therefore  Jehovah  God 
sent  him  forth  from  the  garden  of  Eden,  to  till  the  ground  from 
whence  he  was  taken.  24  So  he  drove  out  the  man;  and  he  placed 
at  the  east  of  the  garden  of  Eden  the  Cherubim,  and  the  flame  of  a  sword 
which  turned  every  way,  to  keep  the  way  of  the  tree  of  life. 

5.  Cain  and  His  Descendants.    P2. 

Gn.  41-24 

41  And  the  man  knew  Eve  his  wife;  and  she  conceived,  and 
bare  Cain,  and  said,  I  have  gotten  a  man  with  the  help  of 
Jehovah. 

2  And  again  she  bare  his  brother  Abel.  And  Abel  was  a  keeper  of 
sheep,  but  Cain  was  a  tiller  of  the  ground.    3  And  in  process  of  time  it 


( 42-u  JJ:  so  all  critics  who  recognize  a  J^,  as  We.,  Bu.,  Ba.,  Ka.CH.,  GFM.,  Mi.,  Gu., 
Co.,  Kent,  Sk.,  St.,  Smend,  and  Di.  J3:SB. — "Cain"  is  identified  with  the  Kenites  by 
most  critics  (so  Ka.,  Smend);  cf.  J  35,  45  (R)  Nu.  2422,  j  53,  Jg.  4'i.  IS.  27"  302». 


-424  ]  j4„5  35 

came  to  pass,  that  Cain  brought  of  the  fruit  of  the  ground  an  offering  unto 
Jehovah.  4  And  Abel,  he  also  brought  of  the  firstlings  of  his  flock  and  of 
the  fat  thereof.  And  Jehovah  had  respect  unto  Abel  and  to  his  offering: 
5  but  unto  Cain  and  to  his  offering  he  had  not  respect.  And  Cain  was 
very  wroth,  and  his  countenance  fell.  6  And  Jehovah  said  unto  Cain, 
Why  art  thou  wroth?  and  why  is  thy  countenance  fallen?  7  If  thou 
doest  well,  shall  it  not  be  lifted  up?  and  if  thou  doest  not  well,  sin  couch- 
eth  at  the  door;  and  unto  thee  shall  be  its  desire;  but  do  thou  rule  over 
it.  8  And  Cain  told  Abel  his  brother.  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  they 
were  in  the  field,  that  Cain  rose  up  against  Abel  his  brother,  and  slew 
him. 

9  And  Jehovah  said  unto  Cain,  Where  is  Abel  thy  brother?  And  he 
said,  I  know  not:  am  I  my  brother's  keeper?  10  And  he  said,  What 
h;ist  thou  done?  the  voice  of  thy  brother's  blood  crieth  unto  me  from  the 
ground.  11  And  now  cursed  art  thou  from  the  ground,  which  hath  opened 
its  mouth  to  receive  thy  brother's  blood  from  thy  hand;  12  when  thou 
tillest  the  ground,  it  shall  not  henceforth  yield  unto  thee  its  strength;  a 
fugitive  and  a  wanderer  shalt  thou  be  in  the  earth.  13  And  Cain  said 
unto  Jehovah,  My  punishment  is  greater  than  I  can  bear.  14  Behold, 
thou  hast  driven  me  out  this  day  from  the  face  of  the  ground;  and  from 
thy  face  shall  I  be  hid;  and  I  shall  be  a  fugitive  and  a  wanderer  in  the 
earth;  and  it  will  come  to  pass,  that  whosoever  findeth  me  will  slay  me. 
15  And  Jehovah  said  unto  him.  Therefore  whosoever  slayeth  Cain,  venge- 
ance shall  be  taken  on  him  sevenfold.  And  Jehovah  appointed  a  sign 
for  Cain,  lest  any  finding  him  should  smite  him.  16  And  Cain  went  out 
from  the  presence  of  Jehovah,  and  dwelt  in  the  land  of  Nod,  on  the  east 
of  Eden. 

17  And  Cain  knew  his  wife;  and  she  conceived,  and  bare 
Enoch:  and  he  builded  a  city,  and  called  the  name  of  the 
city,  after  the  name  of  his  son,  Enoch.  18  And  unto  Enoch 
was  bom  Irad:  and  Irad  begat  Mehujael;  and  Mehujael  begat 
Methushael;  and  Methushael  begat  Lamech. 

19  And  Lamech  took  unto  him  two  wives:  the  name  of  the 
one  was  Adah,  and  the  name  of  the  other  Zillah.  20  And 
Adah  bare  Jabal :  he  was  the  father  of  such  as  dwell  in  tents 
and  have  cattle.  21  And  his  brother's  name  was  Jubal:  he 
was  the  father  of  all  such  as  handle  the  harp  and  pipe.  22  And 
Zillah,  she  also  bare  Tubal-cain,  the  forger  of  every  cutting 
instrument  of  brass  and  iron:  and  the  sister  of  Tubal-cain 
was  Naamah.    23  And  Lamech  said  unto  his  wives : 

Adah  and  Zillah,  hear  my  voice; 

Ye  wives  of  Lamech,  hearken  unto  my  speech: 

For  I  have  slain  a  man  for  wounding  me. 

And  a  young  man  for  bruising  me : 
24  If  Cain  shall  be  avenged  sevenfold, 

Truly  Lamech  seventy  and  seven  fold. 


36       SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH   [  Gn.  4^^ 

6.  Seth  and  Enosh.     Elliii.     P2,  17. 

Gn.  425-26   (J2) 

25  And  Adam  knew  his  wife  again;  and  she  bare  a  son,  and  called  his 
name  Seth:  For,  said  she,  God  hath  appointed  me  another  seed  instead  of 
Abel;  for  Cain  slew  him.  26  And  to  Seth,  to  him  also  there  was  born  a 
son;  and  he  called  his  name  Enosh.  Then  began  men  to  call  upon  the 
name  of  Jehovah. 

7.  The  Naming  of  Noah.     P  3i. 
Gn.  529 

29  And  he  called  his  name  Noah,  saying,  This  same  shall 
comfort  us  in  our  work  and  in  the  toil  of  our  hands,  which 
Cometh  because  of  the  ground  which  Jehovah  hath  cursed. 

8.  "Sons  of  God  and  Daughters  of  Men." 
Gn.  &'-' 

6^  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  men  began  to  multiply  on  the 
face  of  the  ground,  and  daughters  were  born  unto  them,  2  that 
the  sons  of  God  saw  the  daughters  of  men  that  they  were  fair; 
and  they  took  them  wives  of  all  that  they  chose.  3  And  Je- 
hovah said,  My  Spirit  shall  not  strive  with  man  forever,  for 
that  he  also  is  flesh:  yet  shall  his  days  be  a  hundred  and 
twenty  years.  4  The  Nephilim  were  in  the  earth  in  those 
days,  and  also  after  that,  when  the  sons  of  God  came  in  unto 
the  daughters  of  men,  and  they  bare  children  to  them:  the 
same  were  the  mighty  men  that  were  of  old,  the  men  of  renown. 

9.  The  Story  of  the  Deluge.     P  3ii,  iii,  iv. 

Gn.   6^'^  71-5. 7-10. 12. 16b. 17b. 22-23  g2b-3a. 6-12. 13b. 20-22   Cg^JJ  J2\ 

5  And  Jehovah  saw  that  the  wickedness  of  man  was  great  in  the  earth, 
and  that  every  imagination  of  the  thoughts  of  his  heart  was  only  evil  con- 
tinually. 6  And  it  repented  Jehovah  that  he  had  made  man  on  the  earth, 
and  it  grieved  him  at  his  heart.  7  And  Jehovah  said,  I  will  destroy  man 
whom  I  have  created  from  the  face  of  the  ground;  both  man,  and  beast, 
and  creeping  things,  and  birds  of  the  heavens;  for  it  repenteth  me  that  I 
have  made  them.    8  But  Noah  found  favor  in  the  eyes  of  Jehovah. 

7^  And  Jehovah  said  unto  Noah,  Come  thou  and  all  thy  house  into  the 
ark;  for  thee  have  I  seen  righteous  before  me  in  this  generation.  2  Of 
every  clean  beast  thou  shalt  take  to  thee  seven  and  seven,  the  male  and 
his  female;  and  of  the  beasts  that  are  not  clean  two,  the  male  and  his 
female :    3  of  the  birds  also  of  the  heavens,  seven  and  seven,  male  and  female,    to  keep 

'  There  is  evidently  an  omission  in  J  before  5^9.    Eerd.  alone  views  this  v.  as  R. 

'  This  passage  ia  evidently  one  of  the  oldest  in  J,  going  back  to  a  mythological  and 
polytheistic  origin.  In  6'  for  "strive  in,"  read  "rule  in,"  as  Am.  Rev.,  margin;  or  "remain 
in,"  SB. 

'There  is  some  confusion  in  the  text.  Bu.,  followed  by  many,  suggests  as  the  original 
order  7ii''"''"-"''.s2.23.    Iq  79^  gam.,  Targ.  Onk.,  Vulg.  read  "Jehovah"  instead  of  "God." 


...822  ]  j6_9  37 

seed  alive  upon  the  face  of  all  the  earth.  4  For  yet  seven  days,  and  I  will 
cause  it  to  rain  upon  the  earth  forty  days  and  forty  nights;  and  every  liv- 
ing thing  that  I  have  made  will  I  destroy  from  off  the  face  of  the  ground. 
5  And  Noah  did  according  unto  all  that  Jehovah  commanded  him. 

7   And    Noah    went    m,  and  his  sons,  and  his  wife,  and    his    sons'  wives  with  him, 

into  the  ark,  because  of  the  waters  of  the  flood.  8  Of  clean  beasts,  and 
of  beasts  that  are  not  clean,  and  of  birds,  and  of  everything  that  crcepcth  upon  the 
ground,  9  there  went  in  two  and  two  unto  Noah  into  the  ark,  male  and  female,  as  God 
commanded  Noah. 

10  And  it  came  to  pass  after  the  seven  days,  that  the  waters  of  the 
flood  were  upon  the  earth.  12  And  the  rain  was  upon  the  earth  forty 
days  and  forty  nights.  16b  And  Jehovah  shut  him  in.  17b  And  the 
waters  increased,  and  bare  up  the  ark,  and  it  was  lifted  up  above  the 
earth. 

22  All  in  whose  nostrils  was  the  breath  of  the  spirit  of  life,  of  ail  that 
was  on  the  dry  land,  died.  23  And  every  living  thing  was  destroyed  that 
was  upon  the  face  of  the  ground,  both  man,  and  cattle,  and  creeping  things,  and 
birds  of  the  heavens ;  and   they    were   destroyed  from  the  earth :     and  Noah  only  WaS 

left,  and  they  that  were  with  him  in  the  ark. 

82''  And  the  rain  from  heaven  was  restrained;  3a  and  the  waters  re- 
turned from  off  the  earth  continually. 

6  And  it  came  to  pass  at  the  end  of  forty  days,  that  Noah  opened  the 
window  of  the  ark  which  he  had  made:  7  and  he  sent  forth  a  raven,  and 
it  went  forth  to  and  fro,  until  the  waters  were  dried  up  from  off  the  earth. 
8  And  he  sent  forth  a  dove  from  him,  to  see  if  the  waters  were  abated 
from  off  the  face  of  the  ground;  9  but  the  dove  found  no  rest  for  the 
sole  of  her  foot,  and  she  returned  unto  him  to  the  ark;  for  the  waters  were 
on  the  face  of  the  whole  earth:  and  he  put  forth  his  hand,  and  took  her, 
and  brought  her  in  imto  him  into  the  ark.  10  And  he  stayed  yet  other 
seven  days;  and  again  he  sent  forth  the  dove  out  of  the  ark;  11  and  the 
dove  came  in  to  him  at  eventide;  and,  lo,  in  her  mouth  an  olive-leaf 
plucked  off;  so  Noah  knew  that  the  waters  were  abated  from  off  the  earth. 
12  And  he  stayed  yet  other  seven  days,  and  sent  forth  the  dove;  and  she 
retm'ned  not  again  unto  him  any  more. 

13b  And  Noah  removed  the  covering  of  the  ark,  and  looked,  and,  be- 
hold, the  face  of  the  ground  was  dried. 

20  And  Noah  builded  an  altar  unto  Jehovah,  and  took  of  every  clean 
beast,  and  of  every  clean  bird,  and  offered  burnt-offerings  on  the  altar. 
21  And  Jehovah  smelled  the  sweet  savor;  and  Jehovah  said  in  his  heart, 
I  will  not  again  curse  the  ground  any  more  for  man's  sake,  for  that  the 
imagination  of  man's  heart  is  evil  from  his  youth;  neither  will  I  again 
smite  any  more  everything  living,  as  I  have  done.  22  While  the  earth 
remaineth,  seedtime  and  harvest,  and  cold  and  heat,  and  summer  and 
winter,  and  day  and  night  shall  not  cease. 

ForGn.  9'^-'^  d.  J'^ 


38  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH       [  Gn.  920 

10.  Noah's  Curse  on  Canaan. 
Gn.  92«-27 

920  And  Noah  began  to  be  a  husbandman,  and  planted  a 
vineyard:  21  and  he  drank  of  the  wine,  and  was  drunken; 
and  he  was  uncovered  within  his  tent.  22  And  Ham,  the  father 
of  Canaan,  saw  the  nakedness  of  his  father,  and  told  his  two 
brethren  without.  23  And  Shem  and  Japheth  took  a  garment, 
and  laid  it  upon  both  their  shoulders,  and  went  backward,  and 
covered  the  nakedness  of  their  father;  and  their  faces  were 
backward,  and  they  saw  not  their  father's  nakedness.  24  And 
Noah  awoke  from  his  wine,  and  knew  what  his  youngest  son 
had  done  unto  him.    25  And  he  said. 

Cursed  be  Canaan ; 

A  servant  of  servants  shall  he  be  unto  his  brethren. 

26  And  he  said. 

Blessed  be  Jehovah,  the  God  of  Shem; 
And  let  Canaan  be  his  servant. 

27  God  enlarge  Japheth, 

And  let  him  dwell  in  the  tents  of  Shem ; 
And  let  Canaan  be  his  servant. 

11.  A  Fragmentary  Genealogy  of  the  Sons  of  Noah.  P4,  5. 

Gn.  918-19]^Q8-19.21.24.25-30   n2\ 

18  And  the  sons  of  Noah,  that  went  forth  from  the  ark,  were  Shem,  and 
Ham,  and  Japheth:  and  Ham  is  the  father  of  Canaan.  19  These  three  were  the 
sons  of  Noah:  and  of  these  was  the  whole  earth  overspread. 

10^  And  Cush  begat  Nimrod:  he  began  to  be  a  mighty  one  in  the  earth. 

9  He  was  a  mighty  hunter  before   Jehovah :  wherefore  it  is  said,    Like   Nimrod  a  mighty 

hunter  before  Jehovah.  10  And  the  beginning  of  his  kingdom  was  Babel 
and  Erech,  and  Accad,  and  Calneh,  in  the  land  of  Shinar.  11  Out  of  that 
land  he  went  forth  into  Assyria,  and  builded  Nineveh,  and  Rehoboth-Ir, 
and  Calah,  12  and  Resen  between  Nineveh  and  Calah  (the  same  is  the 
great  city). 

13  And  Mizraim  begat  Ludim,  and  Anamim,  and  Lehabim,  and  Naph- 
tnhim,  14  and  Pathrusim,  and  Casluhim  (whence  went  forth  the  Philis- 
tines), and  Caphtorim. 

15  And  Canaan  begat  Sidon  his  first-born,  and  Heth,   16  and  the  Jebusite, 

and  the  Amorite,  and  the  Girgashite,  17  and  the  Hivite,  and  the  Arkite,  and  the  Sinite, 
18  and  the  Arvadite,  and  the  Zemarite,  and  the  Hamathite:  and  afterwards 
were  the  families  of  the  Canaanite  spread  abroad.  19  And  the  border  of 
the  Canaanite  was  from  Sidon,  as  thou  goest  toward  Gerar,  unto  Gaza; 
as  thou  goest  toward  Sodom  and  Gomorrah  and  Admah  and  Zeboiim, 
unto  Lasha. 


'"The  passage  reflects  the  history  of  the  early  kingdom:  We.,  Bu.,  E.  Meyer,  Smend, 
et  al. — Eerd.  finds  polytheism  in  9". 

"There  is  general  agreement  on  the  redactional  material,  except  10'  J:  Bu.,  Ba.,  Dr. 
(vs.  We.,  Di.,  Sk.,  Gu.,  St.,  et  al.),  and  10>e-i8%  J:  Co.,  Ki, 


...IP"]  J10-13i  39 

21  And  unto  Shem,  the  father  of  all  the  children  of  Eber,  the  elder 
brother  of  Japheth,  to  him  also  were  children  bom.    24  And  Arpachshad  begat 

Shelah ;  and  Shelab  begat  Eber. 

25  And  unto  Eber  were  born  two  sons:  the  name  of  the  one  was  Peleg; 
for  in  his  days  was  the  earth  divided;  and  his  brother's  name  was  Joktan. 
26  And  Joktan  begat  Almodad,  and  Sheleph,  and  Hazarmaveth,  and 
Jerah,  27  and  Hadoram,  and  Uzal,  and  Diklah,  28  and  Obal,  and 
Abimael,  and  Sheba,  29  and  Ophir,  and  Havilah,  and  Jobab:  all  these 
were  the  sons  of  Joktan.  30  And  their  dwelling  was  from  Mesha,  as  thou 
goest  toward  Sephar,  the  mountain  of  the  east. 

12.  The  Tower  of  Babel. 
Gn.  11 1-3 

IV  And  the  whole  earth  was  of  one  language  and  of  one 
speech.  2  And  it  came  to  pass,  as  they  journeyed  east,  that 
they  found  a  plain  in  the  land  of  Shinar ;  and  they  dwelt  there. 
3  And  they  said  one  to  another,  Come,  let  us  make  brick,  and 
bum  them  thoroughly.  And  they  had  brick  for  stone,  and 
slime  had  they  for  mortar.  4  And  they  said,  Come,  let  us 
build  us  a  city,  and  a  tower,  whose  top  may  reach  unto  heaven, 
and  let  us  make  us  a  name;  lest  we  be  scattered  abroad  upon 
the  face  of  the  whole  earth. 

5  And  Jehovah  came  down  to  see  the  city  and  the  tower, 
which  the  children  of  men  builded.  6  And  Jehovah  said.  Be- 
hold, they  are  one  people,  and  they  have  all  one  language; 
and  this  is  what  they  begin  to  do:  and  now  nothing  will  be 
witholden  from  them,  which  they  purpose  to  do.  7  Come,  let 
us  go  down,  and  there  confound  their  language,  that  they  may 
not  understand  one  another's  speech.  8  So  Jehovah  scattered 
them  abroad  from  thence  upon  the  face  of  all  the  earth:  and 
they  left  off  building  the  city.  9  Therefore  was  the  name  of 
it  called  Babel;  because  Jehovah  did  there  confound  the 
language  of  all  the  earth :  and  from  thence  did  Jehovah  scatter 
them  abroad  upon  the  face  of  all  the  earth. 

13.  The  Story  of  Abraham.    El.    P7. 

13i.  Abram's  Marriage. 

Gn.  lP«-3o 

28  And  Haran  died  before  his  father  Terah  in  the  land  of 
his  nativity,  in  Ur  of  the  Chaldees.  29  And  Abram  and  Nahor 
took  them  wives:  the  name  of  Abram's  wife  was  Sarai;  and 
the  name  of  Nahor's  wife,  Milcah,  the  daughter  of  Haran,  the 
father  of  Milcah,  and  the  father  of  Iscah.  30  And  Sarai  was 
barren;  she  had  no  child. 

'2  The  anthropomorphisms  in  w.  5  and  7,  and  the  plural  in  v.  7  lead  many  to  detect  a 
polytheistic  origin  for  this  story:  so,  e.  g.,  Stade,  Gu,  Ho.:  Pr.,  Eerd.,  (Eichr.). 
>"  In  11"  Rp,  because  Ur  as  home  of  Abraham  is  peculiar  to  P. 


40       SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH   [  Gn.  12^ 

13ii.  The  Call  of  Abram. 

Gn.  121-4=' 

12^  Now  Jehovah  said  unto  Abram,  Get  thee  out  of  thy 
country,  and  from  thy  kindred,  and  from  thy  father's  house, 
unto  the  land  that  I  will  show  thee :  2  and  I  will  make  of  thee 
a  great  nation,  and  I  will  bless  thee,  and  make  thy  name  great ; 
and  be  thou  a  blessing :  3  and  I  will  bless  them  that  bless  thee, 
and  him  that  curseth  thee  will  I  curse :  and  in  thee  shall  all  the 
families  of  the  earth  be  blessed.  4a  So  Abram  went,  as  Je- 
hovah had  spoken  unto  him ;  and  Lot  went  with  him. 

ISiii.  Abram  in  Canaan.     P7i. 

Gn.  12«-9 

6  And  Abram  passed  through  the  land  unto  the  place  of 
Shechem,  unto  the  oak  of  Moreh.  And  the  Canaanite  was 
then  in  the  land.  7  And  Jehovah  appeared  unto  Abram,  and 
said,  Unto  thy  seed  will  I  give  this  land :  and  there  builded  he 
an  altar  unto  Jehovah,  who  appeared  unto  him.  8  And  he 
removed  from  thence  unto  the  mountain  on  the  east  of  Beth-el, 
and  pitched  his  tent,  having  Beth-el  on  the  west,  and  Ai  on 
the  east:  and  there  he  builded  an  altar  unto  Jehovah,  and 
called  upon  the  name  of  Jehovah.  9  And  Abram  journeyed,  going 
on  still  toward  the  South. 

13iv.  Abram's  Deception  Regarding  Sarai  in  Egypt.  J14iv. 
Elii. 

Gn.  1210-20 

10  And  there  was  a  famine  in  the  land:  and  Abram  went  down  into 
Egypt  to  sojourn  there;  for  the  famine  was  sore  in  the  land.  11  And  it 
came  to  pass,  when  he  was  come  near  to  enter  into  Egjrpt,  that  he  said 
unto  Sarai  his  wife,  Behold  now,  I  know  that  thou  art  a  fair  woman  to 
look  upon :  12  and  it  will  come  to  pass  when  the  Egyptians  shall  see  thee, 
that  they  will  say,  This  is  his  wife:  and  they  will  kill  me,  but  they  will 
save  thee  alive.  13  Say,  I  pray  thee,  thou  art  my  sister;  that  it  may  be 
well  with  me  for  thy  sake,  and  that  my  soul  may  live  because  of  thee. 
14  And  it  came  to  pass,  that,  when  Abram  was  come  into  Egypt,  the 
Egyptians  beheld  the  woman  that  she  was  very  fair.  15  And  the  princes 
of  Pharaoh  saw  her,  and  praised  her  to  Pharaoh:  and  the  woman  was 
taken  into  Pharaoh's  house.  16  And  he  dealt  well  with  Abram  for  her 
sake:  and  he  had  sheep,  and  oxen,  and  he-asses,  and  men-servants,  and 
maid-servants,  and  she-asses,  and  camels.  17  And  Jehovah  plagued 
Pharaoh  and  his  house  with  great  plagues  because  of  Sarai,  Abram's 
wife.     18  And  Pharaoh  called  Abram,  and  said.  What  is  this  that  thou 

uiv  While  this  passage  belongs  in  the  Jahvistic  school,  it  is  generally  regarded,  by  most 
scholars  since  We.,  as  later  than  J14iv.  So  CH.,  Ba.,  Smend,  "an  excerpt  from  a  separate 
Jahvistic  collection"  Gu.,  Sk.,  SB. — In  12"  LXX  reads  "God"  for  "Jehovah." 


...13'M  J13ii-v  41 

haat  done  unto  me?  why  didst  thou  not  tell  me  that  she  was  thy  wife? 
19  why  saidst  thou,  She  is  my  sister,  so  that  I  took  her  to  be  my  wife? 
now  therefore  behold  thy  wife,  take  her,  and  go  thy  way.  20  And  Pharaoh 
gave  men  charge  concerning  him:  and  they  brought  him  on  the  way,  and 
his  wife,  and  all  that  he  had. 

13v.  Separation  of  Abram  and  Lot.     P7ii. 

On.    131-5-7-lla.l2b-18 

13^  And  Abram  went  up  out  of  Egypt,  he,  and  his  wife,  and  all  that  he 
had,  and  Lot  with  him,  into  the  South.  2  And  Abram  was  very 
rich  in  cattle,  in  silver,  and  in  gold.  3  And  he  went  on  his  jour- 
neys from  the  South  even  to  Beth-el,  unto  the  place  where  his  tent  had 
been  at  the  beginning,  between  Beth-el  and  Ai,  4  unto  the  place  of  the 
altar,  which  he  had  made  there  at  the  first:  and  there  Abram  called  on 
the  name  of  Jehovah.  5  And  Lot  also,  who  went  with  Abram, 
had  flocks,  and  herds,  and  tents. 

7  And  there  was  a  strife  between  the  herdsmen  of  Abram's 
cattle  and  the  herdsmen  of  Lot's  cattle:  and  the  Canaanite 
and  the  Perizzite  dwelt  then  in  the  land.  8  And  Abram  said 
unto  Lot,  Let  there  be  no  strife,  I  pray  thee,  between  me  and 
thee,  and  between  my  herdsmen  and  thy  herdsmen ;  for  we  are 
brethren.  9  Is  not  the  whole  land  before  thee?  separate  thy- 
self, I  pray  thee,  from  me :  if  thou  wilt  take  the  left  hand,  then 
I  will  go  to  the  right ;  or  if  thou  take  the  right  hand,  then  I  will 
go  to  the  left.  10  And  Lot  lifted  up  his  eyes,  and  beheld  all 
the  Plain  of  the  Jordan,  that  it  was  well  watered  everywhere, 
before  Jehovah  destroyed  Sodom  and  Gomorrah,  like  the  garden  of 
Jehovah,  like  the  land  of  Egypt,  as  thou  goest  unto  Zoar. 
11a  So  Lot  chose  him  all  the  Plain  of  the  Jordan;  and  Lot 
journeyed  east,  12b  and  moved  his  tent  as  far  as  Sodom. 
13  Now  the  men  of  Sodom  were  wicked  and  sinners  against 
Jehovah  exceedingly. 

14  And  Jehovah  said  imto  Abram,  after  that  Lot  was  separated  from 
him.  Lift  up  now  thine  eyes,  and  look  from  the  place  where  thou  art, 
northward  and  southward  and  eastward  and  westward:  15  for  all  the 
land  which  thou  seest,  to  thee  will  I  give  it,  and  to  thy  seed  for  ever. 

16  And  I  will  make  thy  seed  as  the  dust  of  the  earth:  so  that  if  a  man 
can  number  the  dust  of  the  earth,  then  may  thy  seed  also  be  numbered. 

17  Arise,  walk  through  the  land  in  the  length  of  it  and  in  the  breadth  of 
it;  for  unto  thee  will  I  give  it. 

18  And  Abram  moved  his  tent,  and  came  and  dwelt  by  the 
oaks  of  Mamre,  which  are  in  Hebron,  and  built  there  an  altar 
unto  Jehovah. 


""  In  13'"  gloss:  Olshauseii,  Di.,  Ka.,  Gu.,  Sk.,  SB.;  for  "Zoar,"  Pcsh.  reads  "Zoan" 
(in  Egypt). — Some  regard  1,'5'^-"  as  J:  so  Di.,  Dr.,  Ad. — In  vv.  10,  13,  14  LXX  reads 
"God,"  which  is  perhaps  correct  (Gu.,  Eerd.,  Eichr.),  but  this  change  would  not  affect 
the  analysis  (Gu.,  Eichr.,  va.  Eerd.). 


42       SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH   [  Gn.  15^ 

13vi.  Jehovah  Promises  an  Heir  (and  the  Land)  to  Abram. 
Eli.    P7iv. 

Gn     151a-2a.3b-4. 6-12, 17-21 

15^"  After  these  things  the  word  of  Jehovah  came  unto 
Abram.  2a  And  Abram  said,  O  Lord  Jehovah,  what  wilt  thou 
give  me,  seeing  I  go  childless,  3b  and,  lo,  one  born  in  my 
house  is  mine  heir? 

4  And,  behold,  the  word  of  Jehovah  came  unto  him,  say- 
ing, This  man  shall  not  be  thine  heir;  but  he  that  shall  come 
forth  out  of  thine  own  bowels  shall  be  thine  heir.  6  And  he 
believed  in  Jehovah ;  and  he  reckoned  it  to  him  for  righteous- 
ness. 

7  And  he  said  unto  him,  I  am  Jehovah  that  brought  thee  out  of  Ur  of 
the  Chaldees,  to  give  thee  this  land  to  inherit  it.  8  And  he  said,  O  Lord 
Jehovah,  whereby  shall  I  know  that  I  shall  inherit  it? 

9  And  he  said  unto  him.  Take  me  a  heifer  three  years  old, 
and  a  she-goat  three  years  old,  and  a  ram  three  years  old,  and 
a  turtle-dove,  and  a  young  pigeon.  10  And  he  took  him  all 
these,  and  divided  them  in  the  midst,  and  laid  each  half  over 
against  the  other;  but  the  birds  divided  he  not.  11  And  the 
birds  of  prey  came  down  upon  the  carcasses,  and  Abram  drove 
them  away.  12  And  when  the  sun  was  going  down  .  .  .  lo,  a 
horror  of  great  darkness  fell  upon  him.  17  And  it  came  to 
pass,  that,  when  the  sun  went  down,  and  it  was  dark,  behold, 
a  smoking  furnace,  and  a  flaming  torch  that  passed  between 
these  pieces.  18  In  that  day  Jehovah  made  a  covenant  with 
Abram,  saying.  Unto  thy  seed  have  I  given  this  land,  from  the 
river  of  Egypt  unto  the  great  river,  the  river  Euphrates:  19  the  Kenite, 
and  the  Kenizzite,  and  the  Kadmonite,  20  and  the  Hittite,  and  the  Periz- 
zite,  and  the  Rephaim,  21  and  the  Amorite,  and  the  Canaanite,  and  the 
Girgashite,  and  the  Jebusite. 

IBvii.  Sarai  and  Hagar  :  Promise  of  Ishmael's  Birth.  Eliv. 

Gn.   161b-2.4-14 

16^^  And  she  had  an  handmaid,  an  Egyptian,  whose  name 
was  Hagar.  2  And  Sarai  said  unto  Abram,  Behold  now,  Je- 
hovah hath  restrained  me  from  bearing;  go  in,  I  pray  thee, 
unto  my  handmaid;  it  may  be  that  I  shall  obtain  children  by 
her.     And  Abram  hearkened  to  the  voice  of  Sarai. 

4  And  he  went  in  unto  Hagar,  and  she  conceived :  and  when 
she  saw  that  she  had  conceived,  her  mistress  was  despised  in 

uvi  The  separation  of  J  and  E  in  15'-'  is  "highly  precarious"  Sk.  There  is  a  general 
consensus  regarding  the  other  vv.,  except  as  to  the  precise  Umits  of  the  R.  But  Smend 
makes  vv.  3-4  E,  and  Co.,  Gu.,  Sk.  assign  11  to  E.  Eerd.  regards  w.  1-6  as  late.  SB. 
accepts  above  analysis,  except  "after  these  things"  in  la,  and  v.  6:  E;  and  w.  13-15a  are 
added  to  J. 

uvii  vv  8-10  Rje:  "generally  acknowledged"  (Ad.);  but  SB.  assigns  v.  8  to  J.  v.  14, 
Beer-lahai-roi  means,  "The  well  of  the  Uving  one  who  seeth  me"  (Am.  Rev.,  margin). 


...188  ]  J13vi-viii  43 

her  eyes.  5  And  Sarai  said  unto  Abram,  My  wrong  be  upon 
thee :  I  gave  my  handmaid  into  thy  bosom ;  and  when  she  saw 
that  she  had  conceived,  I  was  despised  in  her  eyes:  Jehovah 
judge  between  me  and  thee,  6  But  Abram  said  unto  Sarai, 
Behold,  thy  maid  is  in  thy  hand ;  do  to  her  that  which  is  good 
in  thine  eyes.  And  Sarai  dealt  hardly  with  her,  and  she  fled 
from  her  face. 

7  And  the  angel  of  Jehovah  found  her  by  a  fountain  of  water 
in  the  wilderness,  by  the  fountain  in  the  way  to  Shur.  8  And 
he  said,  Hagar,  Sarai's  handmaid,  whence  earnest  thou?  and  whither 
goest  thou?  And  she  said,  I  am  fleeing  from  the  face  of  my  mistress 
Sarai.  9  And  the  angel  of  Jehovah  said  unto  her,  Return  to  thy  mis- 
tress, and  submit  thyself  under  her  hands.  10  And  the  angel  of  Jehovah 
said  unto  her,  I  will  greatly  multiply  thy  seed,  that  it  shall  not  be  num- 
bered for  multitude.  11  And  the  angel  of  Jehovah  said  unto  her. 
Behold,  thou  art  with  child,  and  shalt  bear  a  son;  and  thou 
shalt  call  his  name  Ishmael,  because  Jehovah  hath  heard  thy 
affliction.  12  And  he  shall  be  as  a  wild  ass  among  men;  his 
hand  shall  he  against  every  man,  and  every  man's  hand  against 
him;  and  he  shall  dwell  over  against  all  his  brethren.  13  And 
she  called  the  name  of  Jehovah  that  spake  unto  her,  Thou  art 
a  God  that  seeth :  for  she  said,  Have  I  even  here  looked  after 
him  that  seeth  me?  14  Wherefore  the  well  was  called  Beer- 
lahai-roi ;  behold,  it  is  between  Kadesh  and  Bered. 

13viii.  Jehovah  and  the  Three  Men  at  Mamre:  Promise 
OF  Isaac's  Birth. 

Gn.  181-15 

18^  And  Jehovah  appeared  unto  him  by  the  oaks  of  Mamre, 
as  he  sat  in  the  tent  door  in  the  heat  of  the  day;  2  and  he 
lifted  up  his  eyes  and  looked,  and,  lo,  three  men  stood  over 
against  him:  and  when  he  saw  them,  he  ran  to  meet  them 
from  the  tent  door,  and  bowed  himself  to  the  earth,  3  and 
said,  My  lord,  if  now  I  have  found  favor  in  thy  sight,  pass  not 
away,  I  pray  thee,  from  thy  servant :  4  let  now  a  little  water 
be  fetched,  and  wash  your  feet,  and  rest  yourselves  under  the 
tree:  5  and  I  will  fetch  a  morsel  of  bread,  and  strengthen  ye 
your  heart;  after  that  ye  shall  pass  on:  forasmuch  as  ye  are 
come  to  your  servant.  And  they  said.  So  do,  as  thou  hast 
said.  6  And  Abraham  hastened  into  the  tent  unto  Sarah,  and 
said,  Make  ready  quickly  three  measures  of  fine  meal,  knead  it, 
and  make  cakes.  7  And  Abraham  ran  unto  the  herd,  and 
fetched  a  calf  tender  and  good,  and  gave  it  unto  the  servant; 
and  he  hasted  to  dress  it.    8  And  he  took  butter,  and  milk, 

isviii  xhe  passage  is  entirely  unified  J,  in  spite  of  efforts  by  Kraetzschmar  and  Smend 
to  find  two  narrativea-    The  story  reflects  polytheistic  ideas  (Eerd.,  Pr.,  Gu.). 


44       SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH   [  Gn.  18« 

and  the  calf  which  he  had  dressed,  and  set  it  before  them ;  and 
he  stood  by  them  under  the  tree,  and  they  did  eat. 

9  And  they  said  unto  him,  Where  is  Sarah  thy  wife?  And 
he  said,  Behold,  in  the  tent.  10  And  he  said,  I  will  certainly 
return  unto  thee  when  the  season  cometh  round ;  and,  lo,  Sarah 
thy  wife  shall  have  a  son.  And  Sarah  heard  in  the  tent  door, 
which  was  behind  him.  11  Now  Abraham  and  Sarah  were  old, 
QTid  well  stricken  in  age;  it  had  ceased  to  be  with  Sarah  after 
the  manner  of  women.  12  And  Sarah  laughed  within  herself, 
saying.  After  I  am  waxed  old  shall  I  have  pleasure,  my  lord 
being  old  also?  13  And  Jehovah  said  unto  Abraham,  Where- 
fore did  Sarah  laugh,  saying.  Shall  I  of  a  surety  bear  a  child, 
who  am  old?  14  Is  anything  too  hard  for  Jehovah?  At  the 
set  time  I  will  return  unto  thee,  when  the  season  cometh  round, 
and  Sarah  shall  have  a  son.  15  Then  Sarah  denied,  saying,  I 
laughed  not ;  for  she  was  afraid.  And  he  said,  Nay ;  but  thou 
didst  laugh. 

13ix.  Wickedness  of  Sodom  and  Its  Destruction.    P7vi. 

Gn.  18^^-1928 

16  And  the  men  rose  up  from  thence,  and  looked  toward 
Sodom:  and  Abraham  went  with  them  to  bring  them  on  the 
way.  17  And  Jehovah  aid,  Shall  I  hide  from  Abraham  that  which 
I  do;  18  seeing  that  Abraham  shall  surely  become  a  great  and  mighty 
nation,  and  all  the  nations  of  the  earth  shall  be  blessed  in  him?  19  For  I 
have  known  him,  to  the  end  that  he  may  command  his  children  and  his 
household  after  him,  that  they  may  keep  the  way  of  Jehovah,  to  do  right- 
eousness and  justice;  to  the  end  that  Jehovah  may  bring  upon  Abraham 
that  which  he  hath  spoken  of  him.  20  And  Jehovah  said.  Because 
the  cry  of  Sodom  and  Gomorrah  is  great,  and  because  their  sin 
is  very  grievous ;  21  I  will  go  down  now,  and  see  whether  they 
have  done  altogether  according  to  the  cry  of  it,  which  is  come 
unto  me;  and  if  not,  I  will  know. 

22  And  the  men  turned  from  thence,  and  went  toward 
Sodom :  but  Abraham  stood  yet  before  Jehovah.  23  And  Abraham  drew 
near,  and  said,  Wilt  thou  consume  the  righteous  with  the  wicked?  24  Per- 
ad venture  there  are  fifty  righteous  within  the  city:  wilt  thou  consume 
and  not  spare  the  place  for  the  fifty  righteous  that  are  therein?  25  That 
be  far  from  thee  to  do  after  this  manner,  to  slay  the  righteous  with  the 
wicked,  that  so  the  righteous  should  be  as  the  wicked;  that  be  far  from 
thee:  shall  not  the  Judge  of  all  the  earth  do  right?  26  And  Jehovah  said, 
If  I  find  in  Sodom  fifty  righteous  within  the  city,  then  I  will  spare  all  the 
place  for  their  sake.  27  And  Abraham  answered  and  said.  Behold  now, 
I  have  taken  upon  me  to  speak  unto  the  Lord,  who  am  but  dust  and  ashes: 

13U  ign-u  R.  We.,  Gu.,  Ka.?  J^:  Ku.,  CH.,  Mi.,  St.  J:  Di.,  Ad.,  Dr.,  Se.  v.  17J,  w. 
18-19  R:  SB.  is^t-aaa,  "viewed  by  most  as  a  later  addition"  Ka.  So  We.,  Co.,  Gu.,  SB. 
(J 3),  or  J2:  Ku.,  CH.,  Mi.,  St.,  Smend:  but  J:  Pr.  only. 


-1912  ]  J13viii-ix  45 

28  peradventure  there  shall  lack  five  of  the  fifty  righteous:  wilt  thou  de- 
stroy all  the  city  for  lack  of  five?  And  he  said,  I  will  not  destroy  it,  if  I 
find  there  forty  and  five.  29  And  he  spake  unto  him  yet  again,  and  said, 
Peradventure  there  shall  be  forty  found  there.  And  he  said,  I  will  not 
do  it  for  the  forty's  sake.  30  And  he  said.  Oh  let  not  the  Lord  be  angry 
and  I  will  speak:  peradventure  there  shall  thirty  be  found  there.  And 
he  said,  I  will  not  do  it,  if  I  find  thirty  there.  31  And  he  said.  Behold  now, 
I  have  taken  upon  me  to  speak  unto  the  Lord:  peradventure  there  shall  be 
twenty  found  there.  And  he  said,  I  will  not  destroy  it  for  the  twenty's 
sake.  32  And  he  said,  Oh  let  not  the  Lord  be  angry,  and  I  will  speak  yet 
but  this  once:  peradventure  ten  shall  be  found  there.  And  he  said,  I  will 
not  destroy  it  for  the  ten's  sake.  33  And  Jehovah  went  his  way,  as  soon 
as  he  had  left  off  communing  with  Abraham:  and  Abraham  returned 
unto  his  place. 

1  Q  And  the  two  angels  came  to  Sodom  at  even ;  and  Lot 
^  *^  sat  in  the  gate  of  Sodom :  and  Lot  saw  them,  and  rose 
up  to  meet  them;  and  he  bowed  himself  with  his  face  to  the 
earth;  2  and  he  said,  Behold  now,  my  lords,  turn  aside,  I 
pray  you,  into  your  servant's  house,  and  tarry  all  night,  and 
wash  your  feet,  and  ye  shall  rise  up  early,  and  go  on  your  way. 
And  they  said.  Nay;  but  we  will  abide  in  the  street  all  night. 
3  And  he  urged  them  greatly ;  and  they  turned  in  unto  him, 
and  entered  into  his  house;  and  he  made  them  a  feast,  and 
did  bake  unleavened  bread,  and  they  did  eat.  4  But  before 
they  lay  down,  the  men  of  the  city,  even  the  men  of  Sodom, 
compassed  the  house  round,  both  young  and  old,  all  the  j)eo- 
ple  from  every  quarter;  5  and  they  called  unto  Lot,  and  said 
unto  him,  Where  are  the  men  that  came  in  to  thee  this  night? 
bring  them  out  unto  us,  that  we  may  know  them.  6  And  Lot 
went  out  unto  them  to  the  door,  and  shut  the  door  after  him. 

7  And  he  said,  I  pray  you,  my  brethren,  do  not  so  ^vickedly. 

8  Behold  now,  I  have  two  daughters  that  have  not  known  man ; 
let  me,  I  pray  you,  bring  them  out  unto  you,  and  do  ye  to  them 
as  is  good  in  your  eyes ;  only  unto  these  men  do  nothing,  for- 
asmuch as  they  are  come  under  the  shadow  of  my  roof.  9 
And  they  said.  Stand  back.  And  they  said.  This  one  fellow 
came  in  to  sojourn,  and  he  will  needs  be  a  judge :  now  will  we 
deal  worse  with  thee,  than  with  them.  And  they  pressed  sore 
upon  the  man,  even  Lot,  and  drew  near  to  break  the  door.  10 
But  the  men  put  forth  their  hand,  and  brought  Lot  into  the 
house  to  them,  and  shut  to  the  door.  11  And  they  smote  the 
men  that  were  at  the  door  of  the  house  with  blindness,  both 
small  and  great,  so  that  they  wearied  themselves  to  find  the 
door. 

12  And  the  men  said  unto  Lot,  Hast  thou  here  any  besides? 
son-in-law,  and  thy  sons,  and  thy  daughters,  and  whomsoever 


46       SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH  [  Gn.  19^2 

thou  hast  in  the  city,  bring  them  out  of  the  place :  13  for  we 
will  destroy  this  place,  because  the  cry  of  them  is  waxed  great 
before  Jehovah;  and  Jehovah  hath  sent  us  to  destroy  it. 
14  And  Lot  went  out,  and  spake  unto  his  sons-in-law,  who 
married  his  daughters,  and  said,  Up,  get  you  out  of  this  place ; 
for  Jehovah  will  destroy  the  city.  But  he  seemed  unto  his 
sons-in-law  as  one  that  mocked.  15  And  when  the  morning 
arose,  then  the  angels  hastened  Lot,  saying.  Arise,  take  thy 
wife,  and  thy  two  daughters  that  are  here,  lest  thou  be  con- 
sumed in  the  iniquity  of  the  city.  16  But  he  lingered;  and 
the  men  laid  hold  upon  his  hand,  and  upon  the  hand  of  his 
wife,  and  upon  the  hand  of  his  two  daughters,  Jehovah  being 
merciful  unto  him:  and  they  brought  him  forth,  and  set  him 
without  the  city.  17  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  they  had 
brought  them  forth  abroad,  that  he  said,  Escape  for  thy  life; 
look  not  behind  thee,  neither  stay  thou  in  all  the  Plain ;  escape 
to  the  mountain,  lest  thou  be  consumed.  18  And  Lot  said  unto 
them,  Oh,  not  so,  my  lord :  19  behold  now,  thy  servant  hath 
found  favor  in  thy  sight,  and  thou  hast  magnified  thy  loving- 
kindness,  which  thou  hast  showed  unto  me  in  saving  my  life; 
and  I  cannot  escape  to  the  mountain,  lest  evil  overtake  me,  and 
I  die :  20  behold  now,  this  city  is  near  to  flee  unto,  and  it  is  a 
little  one.  Oh  let  me  escape  thither  (is  it  not  a  little  one?),  and 
my  soul  shall  live.  21  And  he  said  unto  him.  See,  I  have  ac- 
cepted thee  concerning  this  thing  also,  that  I  will  not  over- 
throw the  city  of  which  thou  hast  spoken.  22  Haste  thee, 
escape  thither;  for  I  cannot  do  anything  till  thou  be  come 
thither.    Therefore  the  name  of  the  city  was  called  Zoar. 

23  The  sun  was  risen  upon  the  earth  when  Lot  came  unto 
Zoar.  24  Then  Jehovah  rained  upon  Sodom  and  upon  Go- 
morrah brimstone  and  fire  from  Jehovah  out  of  heaven ;  25  and 
he  overthrew  those  cities,  and  all  the  Plain,  and  all  the  in- 
habitants of  the  cities,  and  that  which  grew  upon  the  ground. 
26  But  his  wife  looked  back  from  behind  him,  and  she  became 
a  pillar  of  salt.  27  And  Abraham  gat  up  early  in  the  morning 
to  the  place  where  he  had  stood  before  Jehovah:  28  and  he  looked 
toward  Sodom  and  Gomorrah,  and  toward  all  the  land  of  the 
Plain,  and  beheld,  and,  lo,  the  smoke  of  the  land  went  up  as 
the  smoke  of  a  furnace. 

13x.  Lot,  the  Ancestor  of  Moabites  and  Ammonites. 
Gn.  1930-38 

30  And  Lot  went  up  out  of  Zoar,  and  dwelt  in  the  moun- 
tain, and  his  two  daughters  with  him ;  for  he  feared  to  dwell  in 
Zoar:  and  he  dwelt  in  a  cave,  he  and  his  two  daughters.  31 
And  the  first-born  said  unto  the  younger.  Our  father  is  old,  and 


...222^  ]  Jl3ix-xiii  47 

there  is  not  a  man  in  the  earth  to  come  in  unto  us  after  the 
manner  of  all  the  earth:  32  come,  let  us  make  our  father 
drink  wine,  and  we  will  lie  with  him,  that  we  may  preserve 
seed  of  our  father.  33  And  they  made  their  father  drink 
wine  that  night :  and  the  first-born  went  in,  and  lay  with  her 
father;  and  he  knew  not  when  she  lay  down,  nor  when  she 
arose.  34  And  it  came  to  pass  on  the  morrow,  that  the  first- 
born said  unto  the  younger.  Behold,  I  lay  yesternight  with  my 
father :  let  us  make  him  drink  wine  this  night  also ;  and  go 
thou  in,  and  lie  with  him,  that  we  may  preserve  seed  of  our 
father.  35  And  they  made  their  father  drink  wine  that  night 
also :  and  the  younger  arose,  and  lay  with  him ;  and  he  knew 
not  when  she  lay  down,  nor  when  she  arose.  36  Thus  were 
both  the  daughters  of  Lot  with  child  by  their  father.  37  And 
the  first-born  bare  a  son,  and  called  his  name  Moab :  the  same 
is  the  father  of  the  Moabites  unto  this  day.  38  And  the 
younger,  she  also  bare  a  son,  and  called  his  name  Ben-ammi : 
the  same  is  the  father  of  the  children  of  Ammon  unto  this  day. 

13xi.  Birth  of  Isaac.     Eliii.     P7vii. 

Gn.  211''-2a.7.6b 

2P»  And  Jehovah  visited  Sarah  as  he  had  said.  2a  And 
Sarah  conceived,  and  bare  Abraham  a  son  in  his  old  age.  7  And 
she  said,  Who  would  have  said  unto  Abraham,  that  Sarah 
should  give  children  suck?  for  I  have  borne  him  a  son  in  his 
old  age.    6b  Every  one  that  heareth  will  laugh  with  me. 

13xii.  Abraham  at  Beersheba. 
Gn.  2P3-34 

33  And  Abraham  planted  a  tamarisk  tree  in  Beer-sheba,  and 
called  there  on  the  name  of  Jehovah,  the  Everlasting  God. 
34  And  Abraham  sojourned  in  the  land  of  the  Philistines  many  days. 

13xiii.  Nahor's  Children. 

Gn.  2220-24 

20  And  it  came  to  pass  after  these  things,  that  it  was  told 
Abraham,  saying.  Behold,  Milcah,  she  also  hath  borne  children 
unto  thy  brother  Nahor:  21  Uz  his  first-born,  and  Buz  his 
brother,  and  Kemuel  the  father  of  Aram,  22  and  Chesed,  and 
Hazo,  and  Pildash,  and  Jidlaph,  and  Bethuel.  23  And  Bethuel 
begat  Rebekah:  these  eight  did  Milcah  bear  to  Nahor, 
Abraham's  brother.     24  And  his  concubine,  whose  name  was 

i3xi  212a  p*:  Ku.  only.  21«'>  J:  Bu.,  Ho.,  Ba..  Co.,  Ka.,  Ki.,  Mi.,  Gu.,  GFM..  SB.,  Sk. 
(6b  after  7:  Bu.,  Ho.,  Ki.,  Ka.,  Sk.,  SB.).    E:  We.,  Ku.?,  Di.,  Dr.,  Ad.,  CH.,  St. 

"»"  V.  33  J:  all  exc.  E:  Ad.,  Mi.,  Smend.  Eerd.  finds  here  a  polytheistic  tree-cult,  vs. 
aU  others!  v.  34  R:  We.,  Gu.,  Di.,  Dr.,  SB.,  Ka.,  Sk.  E:  CH.,  St.  J:  Co.,  Mi.  (but  out  of 
place). 

"*'■'  J:  all,  exc.  We.,  E  ("after  these  things"  20a). 


48  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH     [  Gn.  22^4 

Reumah,  she  also  bare  Tebah,  and  Gaham,  and  Tahash,  and 
Maacah. 

13xiv.  Abraham's  Servant  Secures  Rebekah  as  Wife  for 
Isaac.     P9. 

Gn.  241-" 

241  And  Abraham  was  old,  and  well  stricken  in  age:  and  Je- 
hovah had  blessed  Abraham  in  all  things.  2  And  Abraham 
said  unto  his  servant,  the  elder  of  his  house,  that  ruled  over  all 
that  he  had.  Put,  I  pray  thee,  thy  hand  under  my  thigh :  3  and 
I  will  make  thee  swear  by  Jehovah,  the  God  of  heaven  and  the 
God  of  the  earth,  that  thou  wilt  not  take  a  wife  for  my  son  of 
the  daughters  of  the  Canaanites,  among  whom  I  dwell :  4  but 
thou  shalt  go  unto  my  country,  and  to  my  kindred,  and  take  a 
wife  for  my  son  Isaac.  5  And  the  servant  said  unto  him,  Per- 
adventure  the  woman  will  not  be  willing  to  follow  me  unto  this 
land:  must  I  needs  bring  thy  son  again  unto  the  land  from 
whence  thou  camest?  6  And  Abraham  said  unto  him.  Beware 
thou  that  thou  bring  not  my  son  thither  again.  7  Jehovah,  the 
God  of  heaven,  who  took  me  from  my  father's  house,  and  from 
the  land  of  my  nativity,  and  who  spake  unto  me,  and  who 
sware  unto  me,  saying.  Unto  thy  seed  will  I  give  this  land;  he 
will  send  his  angel  before  thee,  and  thou  shalt  take  a  wife  for 
my  son  from  thence.  8  And  if  the  woman  be  not  willing  to 
follow  thee,  then  thou  shalt  be  clear  from  this  my  oath;  only 
thou  shalt  not  bring  my  son  thither  again.  9  And  the  servant 
put  his  hand  under  the  thigh  of  Abraham  his  master,  and  sware 
to  him  concerning  this  matter. 

10  And  the  servant  took  ten  camels,  of  the  camels  of  his 
master,  and  departed,  having  all  goodly  things  of  his  master's 
in  his  hand :  and  he  arose,  and  went  to  Mesopotamia,  unto  the 
city  of  Nahor.  11  And  he  made  the  camels  to  kneel  down 
without  the  city  by  the  well  of  water  at  the  time  of  evening,  the 
time  that  women  go  out  to  draw  water.  12  And  he  said,  O 
Jehovah,  the  God  of  my  master  Abraham,  send  me,  I  pray  thee, 
good  speed  this  day,  and  show  kindness  unto  my  master  Abra- 
ham. 13  Behold,  I  am  standing  by  the  fountain  of  water ;  and 
the  daughters  of  the  men  of  the  city  are  coming  out  to  draw 
water :  14  and  let  it  come  to  pass,  that  the  damsel  to  whom  I 
shall  say.  Let  down  thy  pitcher,  I  pray  thee,  that  I  may  drink; 
and  she  shall  say.  Drink,  and  I  will  give  thy  camels  drink  also : 
let  the  same  be  she  that  thou  hast  appointed  for  thy  servant 


i3iiv  Pr^  Qu  _  Smend  find  some  E  but  do  not  agree.  SB.  finds  J  only.  v.  10  "Mesopo- 
tamia," Hebrew,  "Aram-naharaim,"  that  is,  "Aram  of  the  two  rivers"  (Am.  Rev.,  mar- 
gin). V.  12  leads  Eerd.  to  suspect  polytheism  here  (but  w.  3,  7  disprove  this,  Eichr.). 
V.  61  was  originally  followed  in  J  by  the  account  of  Abraham's  death,  and  v.  67  read 
originally  "father's"  for  "mother's,"  We.,  Ku.,  Di.,  Ad.,  Ka.,  Mi.,  Sk.,  St. 


...2435  ]  J13xiii-xiv  49 

Isaac;  and  thereby  shall  I  know  that  thou  hast  showed  kind- 
ness unto  my  master.  15  And  it  came  to  pass,  before  he  had 
done  speaking,  that,  behold,  Rebekah  came  out,  who  was  bom 
to  Bethuel  the  son  of  Milcah,  the  wife  of  Nahor,  Abraham's 
brother,  with  her  pitcher  upon  her  shoulder.  16  And  the 
damsel  was  very  fair  to  look  upon,  a  virgin,  neither  had  any 
man  known  her :  and  she  went  down  to  the  fountain,  and  filled 
her  pitcher,  and  came  up.  17  And  the  servant  ran  to  meet 
her,  and  said.  Give  me  to  drink,  I  pray  thee,  a  little  water  from 
thy  pitcher.  18  And  she  said.  Drink,  my  lord :  and  she  hasted, 
and  let  down  her  pitcher  upon  her  hand,  and  gave  him  drink. 

19  And  when  she  had  done  giving  him  drink,  she  said,  I  will 
draw  for  thy   camels   also,   until   they   have   done   drinking. 

20  And  she  hasted,  and  emptied  her  pitcher  into  the  trough, 
and  ran  again  unto  the  well  to  draw,  and  drew  for  all  his  cam- 
els. 21  And  the  man  looked  stedfastly  on  her,  holding  his 
peace,  to  know  whether  Jehovah  had  made  his  journey  pros- 
perous or  not.  22  And  it  came  to  pass,  as  the  camels  had 
done  drinking,  that  the  man  took  a  golden  ring  of  half  a  shekel 
weight,  and  two  bracelets  for  her  hands  of  ten  shekels  weight  of 
gold,  23  and  said.  Whose  daughter  art  thou?  tell  me,  I  pray 
thee.  Is  there  room  in  thy  father's  house  for  us  to  lodge  in? 
24  And  she  said  unto  him,  I  am  the  daughter  of  Bethuel  the 
son  of  Milcah,  whom  she  bare  unto  Nahor.  25  She  said  more- 
over unto  him.  We  have  both  straw  and  provender  enough, 
and  room  to  lodge  in.  26  And  the  man  bowed  his  head,  and 
worshipped  Jehovah.  27  And  he  said.  Blessed  be  Jehovah,  the 
God  of  my  master  Abraham,  who  hath  not  forsaken  his  loving- 
kindness  and  his  truth  toward  my  master :  as  for  me,  Jehovah 
hath  led  me  in  the  way  to  the  house  of  my  master's  brethren. 

28  And  the  damsel  ran,  and  told  her  mother's  house  accord- 
ing to  these  words.  29  And  Rebekah  had  a  brother,  and  his 
name  was  Laban:  and  Laban  ran  out  unto  the  man,  unto  the 
fountain.  30  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  he  saw  the  ring,  and 
the  Ijracelets  upon  his  sister's  hands,  and  when  he  heard  the 
words  of  Rebekah  his  sister,  saying.  Thus  spake  the  man  unto 
me ;  that  he  came  unto  the  man ;  and,  behold,  he  was  standing 
by  the  camels  at  the  fountain.  31  And  he  said.  Come  in,  thou 
blessed  of  Jehovah;  wherefore  standest  thou  without?  for  I 
have  prepared  the  house,  and  room  for  the  camels.  32  And  the 
man  came  into  the  house,  and  he  ungirded  the  camels ;  and  he 
gave  straw  and  provender  for  the  camels,  and  water  to  wash 
his  feet  and  the  feet  of  the  men  that  were  with  him.  33  And 
there  was  set  food  before  him  to  eat:  but  he  said,  I  will  not 
eat,  until  I  have  told  mine  errand.  And  he  said,  Speak  on. 
34  And  he  said,  I  am  Abraham's  servant.     35  And  Jehovah 


50       SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH  [  Gn.  24^5 

hath  blessed  my  master  greatly;  and  he  is  become  great:  and 
he  hath  given  him  flocks  and  herds,  and  silver  and  gold,  and 
men-servants  and  maid-servants,  and  camels  and  asses.  36  And 
Sarah  my  master's  wife  bare  a  son  to  my  master  when  she  was 
old :  and  unto  him  hath  he  given  all  that  he  hath.  37  And  my 
master  made  me  swear,  saying,  Thou  shalt  not  take  a  wife  for 
my  son  of  the  daughters  of  the  Canaanites,  in  whose  land  I 
dwell:  38  but  thou  shalt  go  unto  my  father's  house,  and  to 
my  kindred,  and  take  a  wife  for  my  son.  39  And  I  said  unto 
my   master,    Peradventure   the   woman   will   not   follow   me. 

40  And  he  said  unto  me,  Jehovah,  before  whom  I  walk,  will 
send  his  angel  with  thee,  and  prosper  thy  way;  and  thou  shalt 
take  a  wife  for  my  son  of  my  kindred,  and  of  my  father's  house : 

41  then  shalt  thou  be  clear  from  my  oath,  when  thou  comest  to 
my  kindred;  and  if  they  give  her  not  to  thee,  thou  shalt  be 
clear  from  my  oath.  42  And  I  came  this  day  unto  the  fountain, 
and  said,  0  Jehovah,  the  God  of  my  master  Abraham,  if  now 
thou  do  prosper  my  way  which  I  go :  43  behold,  I  am  standing 
by  the  fountain  of  water;  and  let  it  come  to  pass,  that  the 
maiden  that  cometh  forth  to  draw,  to  whom  I  shall  say.  Give 
me,  I  pray  thee,  a  little  water  from  thy  pitcher  to  drink; 
44  and  she  shall  say  to  me.  Both  drink  thou,  and  I  will  also 
draw  for  thy  camels:  let  the  same  be  the  woman  whom  Je- 
hovah hath  appointed  for  my  master's  son.  45  And  before  I 
had  done  speaking  in  my  heart,  behold,  Rebekah  came  forth 
with  her  pitcher  on  her  shoulder ;  and  she  went  down  unto  the 
fountain,  and  drew :  and  I  said  unto  her.  Let  me  drink,  I  pray 
thee.  46  And  she  made  haste,  and  let  down  her  pitcher  from 
her  shoulder,  and  said.  Drink,  and  I  will  give  thy  camels  drink 
also :  so  I  drank,  and  she  made  the  camels  drink  also.  47  And 
I  asked  her,  and  said,  Whose  daughter  art  thou?  And  she  said, 
The  daughter  of  Bethuel,  Nahor's  son,  whom  Milcah  bare  unto 
him :  and  I  put  the  ring  upon  her  nose,  and  the  bracelets  upon 
her  hands.  48  And  I  bowed  my  head,  and  worshipped  Jehovah, 
and  blessed  Jehovah,  the  God  of  my  master  Abraham,  who  had 
led  me  in  the  right  way  to  take  my  master's  brother's  daughter 
for  his  son.  49  And  now  if  ye  will  deal  kindly  and  truly  with 
my  master,  tell  me :  and  if  not,  tell  me ;  that  I  may  turn  to  the 
right  hand,  or  to  the  left. 

50  Then  Laban  and  Bethuel  answered  and  said.  The  thing 
proceedeth  from  Jehovah:  we  cannot  speak  unto  thee  bad  or 
good.  51  Behold,  Rebekah  is  before  thee,  take  her,  and  go, 
and  let  her  be  thy  master's  son's  wife,  as  Jehovah  hath  spoken. 

52  And  it  came  to  pass,  that,  when  Abraham's  servant  heard 
their  words,  he  bowed  himself  down  to  the  earth  unto  Jehovah. 

53  And  the  servant  brought  forth  jewels  of  silver,  and  jewels 


-25^  ]  J13xiv-xv  51 

of  gold,  and  raiment,  and  gave  them  to  Rebekah :  he  gave  also 
to  her  brother  and  to  her  mother  precious  things.  54  And  they 
did  eat  and  drink,  he  and  the  men  that  were  with  him,  and  tarried 
all  night;  and  they  rose  up  in  the  morning,  and  he  said,  Send 
me  away  unto  my  master.  55  And  her  brother  and  her  mother 
said.  Let  the  damsel  abide  with  us  a  few  days,  at  the  least  ten ; 
after  that  she  shall  go.  56  And  he  said  unto  them,  Hinder  me 
not,  seeing  Jehovah  hath  prospered  my  way;  send  me  away 
that  I  may  go  to  my  master.  57  And  they  said.  We  will  call 
the  damsel,  and  inquire  at  her  mouth.  58  And  they  called 
Rebekah,  and  said  unto  her,  Wilt  thou  go  with  this  man?  And 
she  said,  I  will  go.  59  And  they  sent  away  Rebekah  their 
sister,  and  her  nurse,  and  Abraham's  servant,  and  his  men. 
60  And  they  blessed  Rebekah,  and  said  unto  her.  Our  sister, 
be  thou  the  mother  of  thousands  of  ten  thousands,  and  let  thy 
seed  possess  the  gate  of  those  that  hate  them. 

61  And  Rebekah  arose,  and  her  damsels,  and  they  rode  upon 
the  camels,  and  followed  the  man:  and  the  servant  took  Re- 
bekah, and  went  his  way.  62  And  Isaac  came  from  the  way  of 
Beer-lahai-roi ;  for  he  dwelt  in  the  land  of  the  South.  63  And 
Isaac  went  out  to  meditate  in  the  field  at  the  eventide :  and  he 
lifted  up  his  eyes,  and  saw,  and,  behold,  there  were  camels 
coming.  64  And  Rebekah  lifted  up  her  eyes,  and  when  she 
saw  Isaac,  she  alighted  from  the  camel.  65  And  she  said  unto 
the  servant,  What  man  is  this  that  walketh  in  the  field  to  meet 
us?  And  the  servant  said,  It  is  my  master:  and  she  took  her 
veil,  and  covered  herself.  66  And  the  servant  told  Isaac  all 
the  things  that  he  had  done.  67  And  Isaac  brought  her  into 
his  mother  Sarah's  tent,  and  took  Rebekah,  and  she  became 
his  wife ;  and  he  loved  her :  and  Isaac  was  comforted  after  his 
mother's  death. 

ISxv.  Abraham  and  Keturah. 

Gn.  25i-''i«.     For  Gn.  25ll^  cf.  JlSxv. 

25^  And  Abraham  took  another  wife,  and  her  name  was 
Keturah.  2  And  she  bare  him  Zimran,  and  Jokshan,  and 
Medan,  and  Midian,  and  Ishbak,  and  Shuah.  3  And  Jokshan 
begat  Sheba,  and  Dedan.  And  the  sons  of  Dcdan  were  As- 
shurim,  and  Letushim,  and  Leummim.  4  And  the  sons  of 
Midifm:  Ephah,  and  Epher,  and  Hanoch,  and  Abida,  and 
Eldaah.    All  these  were  the  children  of  Keturah. 

5  And  Abraham  gave  all  that  he  had  unto  Isaac.  6  But  unto 
the  sons  of  the  concubines,  that  Abraham  had,  Abraham  gave  gifts;  and 
he  sent  them  away  from  Isaac  his  son,  while  he  yet  Hved,  eastward,  unto 

i3xv  xhia  narrative  is  almost  surely  out  of  place;  it  should  come  at  an  earlier  poiat  in 
the  life  of  Abraham. 


62       SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH   [  Gn.  25« 

the  east  coimtry.  18  And  they  dwelt  from  Havilah  unto  Shur 
that  is  before  Egypt,  as  thou  goest  toward  Assyria:  he  abode  over 
against  all  his  brethren. 

14.  The  Story  of  Isaac. 

14i.  Isaac  at  Beer-lahai-roi. 
Gn.  2511b 
lib  And  Isaac  dwelt  by  Beer-lahai-roi. 

14ii.  Birth  of  Esau  and  Jacob.    J17 :  Gn.  38"-3o. 

Gn.  252i-26a 

21  And  Isaac  entreated  Jehovah  for  his  wife,  because  she 
was  barren:  and  Jehovah  was  entreated  of  him,  and  Rebekah 
his  wife  conceived.  22  And  the  children  struggled  together 
within  her;  and  she  said.  If  it  be  so,  wherefore  do  I  live?  And 
she  went  to  inquire  of  Jehovah.  23  And  Jehovah  said  unto 
her, 

Two  nations  are  in  thy  womb, 

And  two  peoples  shall  be  separated  from  thy  bowels : 

And  the  one  people  shall  be  stronger  than  the  other  people ; 

And  the  elder  shall  serve  the  younger. 
24  And  when  her  days  to  be  delivered  were  fulfilled,  behold, 
there  were  twins  in  her  womb.  25  And  the  first  came  forth 
red,  all  over  like  a  hairy  garment;  and  they  called  his  name 
Esau.  26a  And  after  that  came  forth  his  brother,  and  his  hand 
had  hold  on  Esau's  heel ;  and  his  name  was  called  Jacob. 

14iii.  Esau  Sells  His  Birthright. 

Gn.  25"-34 

27  And  the  boys  grew:  and  Esau  was  a  skilful  hunter,  a 
man  of  the  field ;  and  Jacob  was  a  quiet  man,  dwelling  in  tents. 
28  Now  Isaac  loved  Esau,  because  he  did  eat  of  his  venison: 
and  Rebekah  loved  Jacob.  29  And  Jacob  boiled  pottage :  and 
Esau  came  in  from  the  field,  and  he  was  faint:  30  and  Esau 
said  to  Jacob,  Feed  me,  I  pray  thee,  with  that  same  red  yot- 
tage;  for  I  am  faint:  therefore  was  his  name  called  Edom. 
31  And  Jacob  said.  Sell  me  first  thy  birthright.  32  And  Esau 
said,  Behold,  I  am  about  to  die:  and  what  profit  shall  the 
birthright  do  to  me?  33  And  Jacob  said.  Swear  to  me  first; 
and  he  sware  unto  him :  and  he  sold  his  birthright  unto  Jacob. 
34  And  Jacob  gave  Esau  bread  and  pottage  of  lentils;  and  he 
did  eat  and  drink,  and  rose  up,  and  went  his  way:  so  Esau 
despised  his  birthright. 

1411  2521-26,  perh.  traces  of  E:  We..  CH.,  Gu.,  Ki.,  Pr.,  SB.  (all  .  .  .  garment  in  v.  25). 
>«"  J:  We.,  Di.,  Ku.,  Bu.,  Dr.,  Ka.,  Co.,  Se.,  Mi.,  St..  Smend,  et  al.    E:  Gu.,  CH.,  Pr., 
Ki.    w.  29-34  E:  SB. 


...2619  ]  J13xv-14iv  53 

14iv,  Isaac's   Deception   Regarding   Rebekah   in  Gerar. 
JlSiv. 
Gn.  261-33 

26 1  And  there  was  a  famine  in  the  land,  besides  the  first  famine 
that  was  in  the  days  of  Abraham.  And  Isaac  went  unto  Abim- 
elech  king  of  the  Philistines,  unto  Gerar.  2  And  Jehovah  ap- 
peared unto  him,  and  said,  Go  not  down  into  Egypt;  dwell  in 
the  land  which  I  shall  tell  thee  of :  3  sojourn  in  this  land,  and 
I  will  be  with  thee,  and  will  bless  thee;  for  unto  thee,  and  unto 
thy  seed,  I  will  give  all  these  lands,  and  I  will  establish  the  oath  which  I 
sware  unto  Abraham  thy  father;  4  and  I  will  multiply  thy  seed  as  the 
stars  of  heaven,  and  wiU  give  unto  thy  seed  all  these  lands;  and  in  thy 
seed  shall  all  the  nations  of  the  earth  be  blessed;  5  because  that  Abraham 
obeyed  my  voice,  and  kept  my  charge,  my  commandments,  my  statutes, 
and  my  laws.  6  And  Isaac  dwelt  in  Gerar :  7  and  the  men  of  the 
place  asked  him  of  his  wife ;  and  he  said,  She  is  my  sister :  for 
he  feared  to  say.  My  wife ;  lest,  said  he,  the  men  of  the  place 
should  kill  me  for  Rebekah ;  because  she  was  fair  to  look  upon. 

8  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  he  had  been  there  a  long  time,  that 
Abimelech  king  of  the  Philistines  looked  out  at  a  window,  and 
saw,  and,  behold,  Isaac  was  sporting  with  Rebekah  his  wife. 

9  And  Abimelech  called  Isaac,  and  said.  Behold,  of  a  surety 
she  is  thy  wife:  and  how  saidst  thou.  She  is  my  sister?  And 
Isaac  said  unto  him.  Because  I  said,  Lest  I  die  because  of  her. 

10  And  Abimelech  said.  What  is  this  thou  hast  done  unto  us? 
one  of  the  people  might  easily  have  lain  with  thy  wife,  and  thou 
wouldest  have  brought  guiltiness  upon  us.  11  And  Abimelech 
charged  all  the  people,  saying.  He  that  toucheth  this  man  or 
his  wife  shall  surely  be  put  to  death. 

12  And  Isaac  sowed  in  that  land,  and  found  in  the  same 
year  a  hundredfold:  and  Jehovah  blessed  him.  13  And  the 
man  waxed  great,  and  grew  more  and  more  until  he  became 
very  great:  14  and  he  had  possessions  of  flocks,  and  posses- 
sions of  herds,  and  a  great  household:  and  the  Philistines  en- 
vied him.  15  Now  all  the  wells  which  his  father's  servants  had  digged 
in  the  days  of  Abraham  his  father,  the  Philistines  had  stopped,  and  filled 
with  earth.  16  And  Abimelech  said  unto  Isaac,  Go  from  us; 
for  thou  art  much  mightier  than  we.  17  And  Isaac  de- 
parted thence,  and  encamped  in  the  valley  of  Gerar,  and  dwelt 
there. 

18  And  Isaac  digged  again  the  wells  of  water,  which  they  had  digged 
in  the  days  of  Abraham  his  father;  for  the  Philistines  had  stopped  them 
after  the  death  of  Abraham:  and  he  called  their  names  after  the  names 
by  which  his  father  had  called  them.    19  And  Isaac's  servants  digged 

iiiv  266;  "tiie  only  clear  case  of  Rd  in  Gn.,"  so  all  except  26'''-'  E:  Smend.  w.  15, 18 
Rje. 


54       SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH  [  Gn.  26^9 

in  the  valley,  and  found  there  a  well  of  springing  water.  20 
And  the  herdsmen  of  Gerar  strove  with  Isaac's  herdsmen,  say- 
ing. The  water  is  ours:  and  he  called  the  name  of  the  well 
Esek,  because  they  contended  with  him.  21  And  they  digged 
another  well,  and  they  strove  for  that  also :  and  he  called  the 
name  of  it  Sitnah.  22  And  he  removed  from  thence,  and  digged 
another  well ;  and  for  that  they  strove  not :  and  he  called  the 
name  of  it  Rehoboth ;  and  he  said.  For  now  Jehovah  hath  made 
room  for  us,  and  we  shall  be  fruitful  in  the  land. 

23  And  he  went  up  from  thence  to  Beer-sheba.  24  And  Je- 
hovah appeared  unto  him  the  same  night,  and  said,  I  am  the 
God  of  Abraham  thy  father :  fear  not,  for  I  am  with  thee,  and 
will  bless  thee,  and  multiply  thy  seed  for  my  servant  Abraham's 
sake.  25  And  he  builded  an  altar  there,  and  called  upon  the 
name  of  Jehovah,  and  pitched  his  tent  there :  and  there  Isaac's 
servants  digged  a  well. 

26  Then  Abimelech  went  to  him  from  Gerar,  and  Ahuzzath 
his  friend,  and  Phicol  the  captain  of  his  host.  27  And  Isaac 
said  unto  them.  Wherefore  are  ye  come  unto  me,  seeing  ye 
hate  me,  and  have  sent  me  away  from  you?  28  And  they  said. 
We  saw  plainly  that  Jehovah  was  with  thee :  and  we  said.  Let 
there  now  be  an  oath  betwixt  us,  even  betwixt  us  and  thee,  and 
let  us  make  a  covenant  with  thee,  29  that  thou  wilt  do  us  no 
hurt,  as  we  have  not  touched  thee,  and  as  we  have  done  unto 
thee  nothing  but  good,  and  have  sent  thee  away  in  peace: 
thou  art  now  the  blessed  of  Jehovah.  30  And  he  made  them 
a  feast,  and  they  did  eat  and  drink.  31  And  they  rose  up 
betimes  in  the  morning,  and  sware  one  to  another:  and  Isaac 
sent  them  away,  and  they  departed  from  him  in  peace.  32  And 
it  came  to  pass  the  same  day,  that  Isaac's  servants  came,  and 
told  him  concerning  the  well  which  they  had  digged,  and  said 
unto  him.  We  have  found  water.  33  And  he  called  it  Shibah: 
therefore  the  name  of  the  city  is  Beer-sheba  unto  this  day. 

14v.  Isaac  Deceived  by  Rebekah  and  Jacob  with  Refer- 
ence TO  Esau.     E2. 

Gn  27^"-^" ^''•^^"^^•^^"^^''•^•^^"^^•^^*"^''*'^^"^^^'^^"^^ 

27^''  And  it  came  to  pass,  that  when  Isaac  was  old,  and  his 
eyes  were  dim,  so  that  he  could  not  see,  he  called  Esau  his 
elder  son.  2  And  he  said,  Behold  now,  I  am  old,  I  know  not 
the  day  of  my  death.  3  Now  therefore  take,  I  pray  thee,  thy 
weapons,  thy  quiver  and  thy  bow,  and  go  out  to  the  field,  and 
take  me  venison;    4  and  make  me  savory  food  such  as  I  love, 

Kv  The  analysis  is  diflBcult,  and  admittedly  uncertain ;  many  differences  exist,  and 
Eerd.  and  Eichr.  view  analysis  as  impossible.  Traces  of  E  are  found  in  parts  of  w.  2-10, 
14,  17-18a,  29,  31.  33a,  35-36  by  Gu.,  CH.,  Pr.,  Co.,  St.  Smend  offers  a  new  analysis  with 
J»     SB.  assigns  to  E.  w.  4a,  7-10,  14,  17-18a,  31a,  32,  35-36. 


...27^3  ]  J14iv-v  55 

and  bring  it  to  me,  that  I  may  eat;  that  my  soul  may  bless 
thee  before  I  die. 

5  And  Rebekah  heard  when  Isaac  spake  to  Esau  his  son. 
And  Esau  went  to  the  field  to  hunt  for  venison,  and  to  bring  it. 
6  And  Rebekah  spake  unto  Jacob  her  son,  saying.  Behold,  I 
heard  thy  father  speak  unto  Esau  thy  brother,  saying,  7  Bring 
me  venison,  and  make  me  savory  food,  that  I  may  eat,  and 
bless  thee  before  Jehovah  before  my  death.  8  Now  therefore, 
my  son,  obey  my  voice  according  to  that  which  I  command 
thee.  9  Go  now  to  the  flock,  and  fetch  me  from  thence  two 
good  kids  of  the  goats;  and  I  will  make  them  savory  food  for 
thy  father,  such  as  he  loveth:  10  and  thou  shalt  bring  it  to 
thy  father,  that  he  may  eat,  so  that  he  may  bless  thee  before 
his  death. 

14  And  he  went,  and  fetched,  and  brought  them  to  his 
mother:  and  his  mother  made  savory  food,  such  as  his  father 
loved.  15  And  Rebekah  took  the  goodly  garments  of  Esau 
her  eldest  son,  which  were  with  her  in  the  house,  and  put  them 
upon  Jacob  her  younger  son.  17  And  she  gave  the  savory 
food  and  the  bread,  which  she  had  prepared,  into  the  hand  of 
her  son  Jacob.    18a  And  he  came  unto  his  father. 

20  And  Isaac  said  unto  his  son.  How  is  it  that  thou  hast 
found  it  so  quickly,  my  son?  And  he  said.  Because  Jehovah 
thy  God  sent  me  good  speed.  24  And  he  said,  Art  thou  my 
very  son  Esau?  And  he  said,  I  am,  25  And  he  said.  Bring  it 
near  to  me,  and  I  will  eat  of  my  son's  venison,  that  my  soul 
may  bless  thee.  And  he  brought  it  near  to  him,  and  he  did 
eat:  and  he  brought  him  wine,  and  he  drank.  26  And  his 
father  Isaac  said  unto  him.  Come  near  now,  and  kiss  me,  my 
son.  27  And  he  came  near,  and  kissed  him:  and  he  smelled 
the  smell  of  his  raiment,  and  blessed  him,  and  said, 

See,  the  smell  of  my  son 

Is  as  the  smell  of  a  field  which  Jehovah  hath  blessed. 
29  Let  peoples  serve  thee. 

And  nations  bow  down  to  thee :  .  .  . 

Cursed  be  every  one  that  curseth  thee. 

And  blessed  be  every  one  that  blesseth  thee. 
30  And  it  came  to  pass,  as  soon  as  Isaac  had  made  an  end  of 
blessing  Jacob,  .  .  ,  that  Esau  his  brother  came  in  from  his 
hunting.  31  And  he  also  made  savory  food,  and  brought  it  unto 
his  father;  and  he  said  unto  his  father.  Let  my  father  arise, 
and  eat  of  his  son's  venison,  that  thy  soul  may  bless  me.  32  And 
Isaac  his  father  said  unto  him,  Who  art  thou?  And  he  said,  I 
am  thy  son,  thy  first-bom,  Esau.  33a  And  Isaac  trembled 
very  exceedingly,  and  said.  Who  then  is  he  that  hath  taken 
venison,  and  brought  it  me? 


56       SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH  [  Gn.  27^5 

35  And  he  said,  Thy  brother  came  with  guile,  and  hath 
taken  away  thy  blessing.  36  And  he  said,  Is  not  he  rightly 
named  Jacob?  for  he  hath  supplanted  me  these  two  times :  he 
took  away  my  birthright ;  and,  behold,  now  he  hath  taken  away 
my  blessing.  And  he  said,  hast  thou  not  reserved  a  blessing 
for  me? 

14vi.  Isaac  Blesses  Esau.    E2ii. 

Gn.  27^^"^^''*'''^^ 

37  And  Isaac  answered  and  said  unto  Esau,  Behold,  I  have 
made  him  thy  lord,  and  all  his  brethren  have  I  given  to  him 
for  servants;  and  with  grain  and  new  wine  have  I  sustained 
him:  and  what  then  shall  I  do  for  thee,  my  son?  38  And 
Esau  said  unto  his  father,  Hast  thou  but  one  blessing,  my 
father?  bless  me,  even  me  also,  O  my  father.  And  Esau  lifted 
up  his  voice  and  wept. 

40  And  by  thy  sword  shalt  thou  live,  and  thou  shalt  serve  thy 
brother ; 

And  it  shall  come  to  pass,  when  thou  shalt  break  loose, 

That  thou  shalt  shake  his  yoke  from  off  thy  neck. 

41  And  Esau  hated  Jacob  because  of  the  blessing  wherewith 
his  father  blessed  him :  and  Esau  said  in  his  heart.  The  days  of 
mourning  for  my  father  are  at  hand;  then  will  I  slay  my 
brother  Jacob.  42  And  the  words  of  Esau  her  elder  son  were 
told  to  Rebekah;  and  she  sent  and  called  Jacob  her  younger 
son,  and  said  unto  him.  Behold,  thy  brother  Esau,  as  touching 
thee,  doth  comfort  himself,  purposing  to  kill  thee.  43  Now 
therefore,  my  son,  obey  my  voice;  and  arise,  flee  thou  to 
Laban  my  brother  to  Haran;  44  and  tarry  with  him  a  few 
days,  until  thy  brother's  fury  turn  away ;  45  until  thy  brother's 
anger  turn  away  from  thee,  and  he  forget  that  which  thou  hast 
done  to  him:  then  will  I  send,  and  fetch  thee  from  thence: 
why  should  I  be  bereaved  of  you  both  in  one  day? 

15.  The  Story  of  Jacob.     E3.    PIO. 

15i.  Jehovah  Appears  to  Jacob  at  Bethel.    E3i.    PlOiii. 

Gn.  2810-13-16-19 

10  And  Jacob  went  out  from  Beer-sheba,  and  went  toward 
Haran.  13  And,  behold,  Jehovah  stood  .  .  .  and  said,  I  am 
Jehovah,  the  God  of  Abraham  thy  father,  and  the  God  of 
Isaac:  the  land  whereon  thou  Uest,  to  thee  will  I  give  it,  and 

i^vi  Traces  of  E  in  vv.  37-38:  Gu.,  CH.,  Pr.,  Sk.,  SB.;  or  in  41a,  42-43,  45:  SB.;  or  in 
45b:  Co.,  CH.,  Ba.  v.  40b  is  probably  R:  Ho.,  Gu.,  Ka.,  Se.,  Sk.,  SB.;  in  any  case  it  is 
a  prose  allusion  (in  a  poetical  context)  to  Edom's  revolt  against  Joram  of  Judah  in  849, 
cf.  2K.  S^D-sz.  But  V.  40  may  be  E:  Gu.,  Mi.,  Ba.,  Smend,  Ki.,  SB.  (40a).  SB.  connects 
V.  40a  with  the  conquest  of  Edom  by  David  2S.  S'^-i*. 

'6i  V.  10  E:  We.,  Ku.,  Smend.  vv.  13-16  R:  Ku.,  Co.,  Ad.,  GFM.  v.  14  R:  Gu.,  Sk. 
In  V.  13  after  "stood,"  add,  "beside  him"  (Am.  Rev.,  margin). 


...29^M  J14v-15ii  57 

to  thy  seed ;  14  and  thy  seed  shall  be  as  the  dust  of  the  earth, 
and  thou  shalt  spread  abroad  to  the  west,  and  to  the  east,  and 
to  the  north,  and  to  the  south:  and  in  thee  and  in  thy  seed 
shall  all  the  families  of  the  earth  be  blessed.     15  And,  behold, 

I  am  with  thee,  and  will  keep  thee  whithersoever  thou  goest, 
and  will  bring  thee  again  into  this  land;  for  I  will  not  leave 
thee,  until  I  have  done  that  which  I  have  spoken  to  thee  of. 
16  And  Jacob  awaked  out  of  his  sleep,  and  he  said.  Surely 
Jehovah  is  in  this  place ;  and  I  knew  it  not.  19  And  he  called 
the  name  of  that  place  Beth-el :  but  the  name  of  the  city  was  Luz  at 
the  first. 

15ii.  Jacob  Meets  Rachel  and  Laban  in  Haran.    E3ii. 

Gn.  292-14 

2  And  he  looked,  and,  behold,  a  well  in  the  field,  and,  lo, 
three  flocks  of  sheep  lying  there  by  it ;  for  out  of  that  well  they 
watered  the  flocks:  and  the  stone  upon  the  well's  mouth  was 
great.  3  And  thither  were  all  the  flocks  gathered:  and  they 
rolled  the  stone  from  the  well's  mouth,  and  watered  the  sheep, 
and  put  the  stone  again  upon  the  well's  mouth  in  its  place. 
4  And  Jacob  said  unto  them,  My  brethren,  whence  are  ye? 
And  they  said.  Of  Haran  are  we.  5  And  he  said  unto  them, 
Know  ye  Laban  the  son  of  Nahor?  And  they  said.  We  know 
him.  6  And  he  said  unto  them,  Is  it  well  with  him?  And 
they  said.  It  is  well :  and,  behold,  Rachel  his  daughter  cometh 
with  the  sheep.  7  And  he  said,  Lo,  it  is  yet  high  day,  neither 
is  it  time  that  the  cattle  should  be  gathered  together;  water 
ye  the  sheep,  and  go  and  feed  them.  8  And  they  said.  We 
cannot,  until  all  the  flocks  be  gathered  together,  and  they  roll 
the  stone  from  the  well's  mouth;  then  we  water  the  sheep. 
9  While  he  was  yet  speaking  with  them,  Rachel  came  with 
her  father's  sheep ;  for  she  kept  them.  10  And  it  came  to  pass, 
when  Jacob  saw  Rachel  the  daughter  of  Laban  his  mother's 
brother,  and  the  sheep  of  Laban  his  mother's  brother,  that 
Jacob  went  near,  and  rolled  the  stone  from  the  well's 
mouth,  and  watered  the  flock  of  Laban  his  mother's  brother, 

II  And  Jacob  kissed  Rachel,  and  lifted  up  his  voice,  and 
wept.  12  And  Jacob  told  Rachel  that  he  was  her  father's 
brother,  and  that  he  was  Rebekah's  son :  and  she  ran  and  told 
her  father. 

13  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  Laban  heard  the  tidings  of 
Jacob  his  sister's  son,  that  he  ran  to  meet  him,  and  embraced 
him,  and  kissed  him,  and  brought  him  to  his  house.  And  he 
told  Laban  all  these  things.  14  And  Laban  said  to  him. 
Surely  thou  art  my  l)one  and  my  flesh.  And  he  abode  with 
him  the  space  of  a  month. 


58       SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH  [  Gn.  292« 

15iii.  Jacob  Marries  Rachel  and  Leah.     E3iii,  v.    PlOi. 

Gn.  2926-31 

26  And  Laban  said,  It  is  not  so  done  in  our  place,  to  give 
the  younger  before  the  first-born.  31  And  Jehovah  saw  that 
Leah  was  hated,  and  he  opened  her  womb:  but  Rachel  was 
barren. 

15iv.  Birth  of  Jacob's  Sons.     EBvi ;  PlOiv. 

Gn     29^2'^^   3Q3b-5.7.9-16.20b-21.24 

32  And  Leah  conceived,  and  bare  a  son,  and  she  called  his 
name  Reuben :  for  she  said,  Because  Jehovah  hath  looked  upon 
my  affliction;  for  now  my  husband  will  love  me.  33  And  she 
conceived  again,  and  bare  a  son:  and  said.  Because  Jehovah 
hath  heard  that  I  am  hated,  he  hath  therefore  given  me  this 
son  also:  and  she  called  his  name  Simeon.  34  And  she  con- 
ceived again,  and  bare  a  son ;  and  said,  Now  this  time  will  my 
husband  be  joined  unto  me,  because  I  have  borne  him  three 
sons:  therefore  was  his  name  called  Levi.  35  And  she  con- 
ceived again,  and  bare  a  son:  and  she  said.  This  time  will  I 
praise  Jehovah:  therefore  she  called  his  name  Judah;  and  she 
left  off  bearing. 

30^^  And  I  also  may  obtain  children  by  her.  4  And  she 
gave  him  Bilhah  her  handmaid  to  wife:  and  Jacob  went  in 
unto  her.  5  And  Bilhah  conceived  and  bare  Jacob  a  son. 
7  And  Bilhah  Rachel's  handmaid  conceived  again,  and  bare 
Jacob  a  second  son. 

9  When  Leah  saw  that  she  had  left  off  bearing,  she  took 
Zilpah  her  handmaid,  and  gave  her  to  Jacob  to  wife.  10  And 
Zilpah  Leah's  handmaid  bare  Jacob  a  son.  11  And  Leah  said, 
Fortunate!  and  she  called  his  name  Gad.  12  And  Zilpah 
Leah's  handmaid  bare  Jacob  a  second  son.  13  And  Leah  said, 
Happy  am  I!  for  the  daughters  will  call  me  happy:  and  she 
called  his  name  Asher. 

14  And  Reuben  went  in  the  days  of  wheat  harvest,  and 
found  mandrakes  in  the  field,  and  brought  them  unto  his 
mother  Leah.  Then  Rachel  said  to  Leah,  Give  me,  I  pray 
thee,  of  thy  son's  mandrakes.  15  And  she  said  unto  her.  Is  it 
a  small  matter  that  thou  hast  taken  away  my  husband?  and 
wouldest  thou  take  away  my  son's  mandrakes  also?  And 
Rachel  said.  Therefore  he  shall  lie  with  thee  to-night  for  thy 
son's  mandrakes.  16  And  Jacob  came  from  the  field  in  the 
evening,  and  Leah  went  out  to  meet  him,  and  said.  Thou  must 
come  in  unto  me;  for  I  have  surely  hired  thee  with  my  son's 
mandrakes.    And  he  lay  with  her  that  night. 

uiv  303b-6.7^  uncertain.  30'^  P:  Dr.?,  Co.,  Gu.,  Sk. ;  J:  most  critics,  including  SB.— 
The  narrative  is  incomplete,  due  to  omissions  by  Rje  in  combining  with  E;  note  that  in 
SO""  Rachel  speaks ;  in  v.  20b,  Leah ;  and  v.  24,  Rachel. 


...3043  ]  J15iii-v  59 

20b  Now  will  my  husband  dwell  with  me,  because  I  have 
borne  him  six  sons:  and  she  called  his  name  Zebulun.  21 
And  afterwards  she  bare  a  daughter,  and  called  her  name 
Dinah. 

24  And  she  called  his  name  Joseph,  saying,  Jehovah  add  to 
me  another  son. 

15v.  Jacob  Prepares  to  Leave  Laban  and  Secures  His 
Wages  by  a  Trick.     E3vii.     PlOii. 

Gn.   3025-27.29-31.35-43  311.3 

25  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  Rachel  had  borne  Joseph, 
that  Jacob  said  unto  Laban,  Send  me  away,  that  I  may  go 
unto  mine  own  place  and  to  my  country.  27  And  Laban  said 
unto  him,  If  now  I  have  found  favor  in  thine  eyes,  tarry:  for 
I  have  divined  that  Jehovah  hath  blessed  me  for  thy  sake. 
29  And  he  said  unto  him.  Thou  knowest  how  I  have  served 
thee,  and  how  thy  cattle  have  fared  with  me.  30  For  it  was 
little  which  thou  hadst  before  I  came,  and  it  hath  increased 
unto  a  multitude;  and  Jehovah  hath  blessed  thee  whitherso- 
ever I  turned :  and  now  when  shall  I  provide  for  mine  own 
house  also? 

31  And  he  said.  What  shall  I  give  thee?  And  Jacob  said. 
Thou  shalt  not  give  me  aught:  if  thou  wilt  do  this  thing  for 
me,  I  will  again  feed  thy  flock  and  keep  it. 

35  And  he  removed  that  day  the  he-goats  that  were  ring- 
streaked  and  spotted,  and  all  the  she-goats  that  were  speckled 
and  spotted,  every  one  that  had  white  in  it,  and  all  the  black 
ones  among  the  sheep,  and  gave  them  into  the  hand  of  his 
sons;  36  and  he  set  three  days'  journey  betwixt  himself  and 
Jacob :  and  Jacob  fed  the  rest  of  Laban's  flocks. 

37  And  Jacob  took  him  rods  of  fresh  poplar,  and  of  the  al- 
mond and  of  the  plane-tree ;  and  peeled  white  streaks  in  them, 
and  made  the  white  appear  which  was  in  the  rods.  38  And 
he  set  the  rods  which  he  had  peeled  over  against  the  flocks  in 
the  gutters  in  the  watering-troughs  where  the  flocks  came  to 
drink;  and  they  conceived  when  they  came  to  drink.  39  And 
the  flocks  conceived  before  the  rods,  and  the  flocks  brought 
forth  ringstreaked,  speckled,  and  spotted.  40  And  Jacob  sc^p- 
arated  the  laml)s,  and  set  the  faces  of  the  flocks  toward  the 
ringstreaked  and  all  the  black  in  the  flock  of  Laban:  imd  he 
put  his  own  droves  apart,  and  put  them  not  unto  Laban's 
flock.  41  And  it  came  to  pass,  whensoever  the  stronger  of  the 
flock  did  conceive,  that  Jacob  laid  the  rods  before  the  eyes  of 
the  flock  in  the  gutters,  that  they  might  conceive  among  the 
rods;  42  but  when  the  flock  were  feeble,  he  put  them  not  in: 
so  the  feebler  were  Laban's,  and  the  stronger  Jacob's.    43  And 


60       SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH  [  Gn.  30« 

the  man  increased  exceedingly,  and  had  large  flocks,  and  maid- 
servants and  men-servants,  and  camels  and  asses. 

31^  And  he  heard  the  words  of  Laban's  sons,  saying,  Jacob 
hath  taken  away  all  that  was  our  father's;  and  of  that  which 
was  our  father's  hath  he  gotten  all  this  glory. 

3  And  Jehovah  said  unto  Jacob,  Return  unto  the  land  of 
thy  fathers,  and  to  thy  kindred ;  and  I  will  be  with  thee. 

15vi.  Laban  Follows  Jacob  to  Galeed  and  They  Make  a 
Treaty.     E3viii. 

Gn.  3P5-27.46-53a 

25  And  Laban  came  up  with  Jacob.  Now  Jacob  had  pitched 
his  tent  in  the  mountain:  and  Laban  with  his  brethren  en- 
camped in  the  mountain  of  Gilead. 

27  Wherefore  didst  thou  flee  secretly,  and  steal  away  from 
me,  and  didst  not  tell  me,  that  I  might  have  sent  thee  away 
with  mirth  and  with  songs,  with  tabret  and  with  harp? 

46  And  Jacob  said  unto  his  brethren.  Gather  stones;  and 
they  took  stones,  and  made  a  heap :  and  they  did  eat  there  by 
the  heap.  47  And  Laban  called  it  Jegar-saha-dutha:  but  Jacob  called 
it  Galeed.  48  And  Laban  said.  This  heap  is  witness  between 
me  and  thee  this  day.  Therefore  was  the  name  of  it  called 
Galeed :  49  and  Mizpah,  for  he  said,  Jehovah  watch  between  me  and 
thee,  when  we  are  absent  one  from  another.  50  If  thou  shalt  afflict 
my  daughters,  and  if  thou  shalt  take  wives  besides  my  daugh- 
ters, no  man  is  with  us ;  see,  God  is  witness  betwixt  me  and  thee. 

51  And  Laban  said  to  Jacob,  Behold  this  heap,  and  behold 
the  pillar,  which  I  have  set  betwixt  me  and  thee.  52  This  heap 
be  witness  and  the  pillar  be  witness,  that  I  will  not  pass  over  this 
heap  to  thee,  and  that  thou  shalt  not  pass  over  this  heap  and 
this  pillar  unto  me,  for  harm.  53a  The  God  of  Abraham,  and 
the  God  of  Nahor,  the  God  of  their  father,  judge  betwixt  us. 

15vii.  Jacob  Sues  for  Peace  with  Esau.     E3x. 

Gn.  32^-13=^ 

3  And  Jacob  sent  messengers  before  him  to  Esau  his  brother 
unto  the  land  of  Seir,  the  field  of  Edom.  4  And  he  commanded 
them,  saying.  Thus  shall  ye  say  unto  my  lord  Esau :  Thus  saith 
thy  servant  Jacob,  I  have  sojourned  with  Laban,  and  stayed 
until  now :  5  and  I  have  oxen,  and  asses,  and  flocks,  and  men- 
servants,  and  maid-servants:  and  I  have  sent  to  tell  my  lord, 

i6vi  Difficult  and  uncertain,  v.  27,  Laban  speaks,  v.  47  R:  the  two  names  mean  "the 
heap  of  witness"  in  Aramaic  and  Hebrew,  respectively  (Am.  Rev.,  margin),  v.  49  R: 
CH.,  Ad.,  St.,  Mi..  Gu.  (49a);  E:Gu.,  Ho.,  Sk.,  Smend.  w.  51-53a  authorities  divide— 
J:Ku.,  Co.,  Ka.,  Gu.,  Ho.,  Kent,  Mi.,  Sk.,  SB.;  E:  We.,  Di.,  Ba.,  Dr.,  Ad.,  Pr.,  CH., 
St.  In  any  case,  the  references  to  the  pillar  are  not  J  (Sk.).  There  are  other  numerous 
traces  of  E  found  in  15vi  by  various  scholars. 

«6vii  R:  from  7b  or  9  on,  We.,  Co.,  Ba.,  Gu.,  Mi.,  St.,  Sk.,  Smend.    w.  9-12  JJ;  SB. 


...32='2  ]  J15v-ix  61 

that  I  may  find  favor  in  thy  sight.  6  And  the  messengers  re- 
turned to  Jacob,  saying,  We  came  to  thy  brother  Esau,  and 
moreover  he  cometh  to  meet  thee,  and  four  hundred  men  with 
him.  7  Then  Jacob  was  greatly  afraid  and  was  distressed: 
and  he  divided  the  people  that  were  with  him,  and  the  flocks, 
and  the  herds,  and  the  camels,  into  two  companies;  8  and  he 
said,  if  Esau  come  to  the  one  company,  and  smite  it,  then  the 
company  which  is  left  shall  escape.  9  And  Jacob  said,  O  God  of 
my  father  Abraham,  and  God  of  my  father  Isaac,  O  Jehovah,  who  saidst 
unto  me.  Return  unto  thy  country,  and  to  thy  kindred,  and  I  will  do  thee 
good:  10  I  am  not  worthy  of  the  least  of  all  the  lovingkindnesses,  and  of 
all  the  truth,  which  thou  hast  showed  unto  thy  servant;  for  with  my  staff 
I  passed  over  this  Jordan;  and  now  I  am  become  two  companies.  11  De- 
liver me,  I  pray  thee,  from  the  hand  of  my  brother,  from  the  hand  of 
Esau:  for  I  fear  him,  lest  he  come  and  smite  me,  the  mother  with  the 
children.  12  And  thou  saidst,  I  will  surely  do  thee  good,  and  make  thy 
seed  as  the  sand  of  the  sea,  which  cannot  be  numbered  for  multitude. 
13a  And  he  lodged  there  that  night. 

15viii.  Jacob  Crosses  the  Jabbok.    EBxi. 

Gn.  3222 

22  And  he  rose  up  that  night,  and  took  his  two  wives,  and 
his  two  handmaids,  and  his  eleven  children,  and  passed  over 
the  ford  of  the  Jabbok. 

15ix.  Jacob  Wrestles  with  "a  Man"  (God). 
Gn.  3224-32 

24  And  Jacob  was  left  alone ;  and  there  wrestled  a  man  with 
him  until  the  breaking  of  the  day.  25  And  when  he  saw  that 
he  prevailed  not  against  him,  he  touched  the  hollow  of  his 
thigh;  and  the  hollow  of  Jacob's  thigh  was  strained,  as  he 
wrestled  with  him.  26  And  he  said.  Let  me  go,  for  the  day 
breaketh.  And  he  said,  I  will  not  let  thee  go,  except  thou 
bless  me.  27  And  he  said  unto  him.  What  is  thy  name?  And 
he  said,  Jacob.  28  And  he  said.  Thy  name  shall  be  called  no 
more  Jacob,  but  Israel:  for  thou  hast  striven  with  God  and 
with  men,  and  hast  prevailed.  29  And  Jacob  asked  him,  and 
said.  Tell  me,  I  pray  thee,  thy  name.  And  he  said.  Wherefore 
is  it  that  thou  dost  ask  after  my  name?  And  he  blessed  him 
there.  30  And  Jacob  called  the  name  of  the  place  Peniel :  for, 
said  he,  I  have  seen  God  face  to  face,  and  my  life  is  preserved. 
31  And  the  sun  rose  upon  him  as  he  passed  over  Penuel,  and 
he  limped  upon  his  thigh.  32  Therefore  the  children  of  Israel 
eat  not  the  sinew  of  the  hip  which  is  upon  the  hollow  of  the 

"'^  J  (or  JE)  all,  exc.  Di.,  E.  A  few  try  to  separate  out  an  E  narrative,  w.  26a,  27, 
30-31;  so  Gu.,  Sk.,  Ka.,  Ho.,  Pr.,  E.  Meyer  (with  slisht  difTerenceH) .  But  the  majority 
(and  Eerd.)  view  it  as  unified.    SB.  assigns  to  E:  vv.  24u,  25a,  20-28,  31-32a. 


62       SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH  [  Gn.  32^2 

thigh,  unto  this  day :  because  he  touched  the  hollow  of  Jacob's 
thigh  in  the  sinew  of  the  hip. 

15x.  Jacob  and  Esau  Are  Reconciled.    J15vii.     E3xii. 
Gn.  SSi-^^-e-io^-iib-n 

33^  And  Jacob  lifted  up  his  eyes,  and  looked,  and,  behold, 
Esau  was  coming,  and  with  him  four  hundred  men.  And  he 
divided  the  children  unto  Leah,  and  unto  Rachel',  and  unto 
the  two  handmaids.  2  And  he  put  the  handmaids  and  their 
children  foremost,  and  Leah  and  her  children  after,  and  Rachel 
and  Joseph  hindermost.  3  And  he  himself  passed  over  before 
them,  and  bowed  himself  to  the  ground  seven  times,  until  he 
came  near  to  his  brother.  4  And  Esau  ran  to  meet  him,  and 
embraced  him,  and  fell  on  his  neck,  and  kissed  him :  and  they 
wept.  5  And  he  lifted  up  his  eyes,  and  saw  the  women  and 
the  children;  and  said.  Who  are  these  with  thee?  6  Then  the 
handmaids  came  near,  they  and  their  children,  and  they  bowed 
themselves.  7  And  Leah  also  and  her  children  came  near,  and 
bowed  themselves:  and  after  came  Joseph  near  and  Rachel, 
and  they  bowed  themselves.  8  And  he  said.  What  meanest 
thou  by  all  this  company  which  I  met?  And  he  said,  To  find 
favor  in  the  sight  of  my  lord.  9  And  Esau  said,  I  have  enough, 
my  brother ;  let  that  which  thou  hast  be  thine.  10a  And  Jacob 
said.  Nay,  I  pray  thee,  if  now  I  have  found  favor  in  thy  sight, 
then  receive  my  present  at  my  hand. 

lib  And  he  urged  him,  and  he  took  it.  12  And  he  said.  Let 
us  take  our  journey,  and  let  us  go,  and  I  will  go  before  thee. 
13  And  he  said  unto  him.  My  lord  knoweth  that  the  children 
are  tender,  and  that  the  flocks  and  herds  with  me  have  their 
young:  and  if  they  overdrive  them  one  day,  all  the  flocks  will 
die.  14  Let  my  lord,  I  pray  thee,  pass  over  before  his  servant : 
and  I  will  lead  on  gently,  according  to  the  pace  of  the  cattle 
that  are  before  me  and  according  to  the  pace  of  the  children, 
until  I  come  unto  my  lord  unto  Seir.  15  And  Esau  said.  Let 
me  now  leave  with  thee  some  of  the  folk  that  are  with  me. 
And  he  said,  What  needeth  it?  let  me  find  favor  in  the  sight  of 
my  lord.  16  So  Esau  returned  that  day  on  his  way  unto  Seir. 
17  And  Jacob  journeyed  to  Succoth,  and  built  him  a  house, 
and  made  booths  for  his  cattle:  therefore  the  name  of  the 
place  is  called  Succoth. 

15xi.  The  Outrage  on  Dinah.    J19  (Gn.  49^-^).    E3xiv. 

Gn     342b-3. 5. 7. 11- 12. 14. 19 .25*- 26. 30-31 

2b  And  he  took  her,  and  lay  with  her,  and  humbled  her. 

i6ii  Agreement  on  the  general  result;  differences  in  detail,  esp.  v.  25.  Smend  adds  to 
J:  vv.  13,  27-29  in  part,  and  makes  w.  26,  30-31  E.  Pu.  also  assigns  v.  13  to  J.  In  v.  14a 
J,  read,  "And  they  said  unto  him."  The  narrative  is  incomplete,  and  there  is  no  indica- 
tion aa  to  "the  thmg"  mentioned  in  v.  19. 


...3631  ]  J15ix-16  63 

3  And  his  soul  clave  unto  Dinah  the  daughter  of  Jacob,  and  he 
loved  the  damsel,  and  spake  kindly  unto  the  damsel. 

5  Now  Jacob  heard  that  he  had  defiled  Dinah  his  daughter; 
and  his  sons  were  with  his  cattle  in  the  field :  and  Jacob  held 
his  peace  until  they  came.  7  And  the  sons  of  Jacob  came  in 
from  the  field  when  they  heard  it:  and  the  men  were  grieved, 
and  they  were  very  wroth,  because  he  had  wrought  folly  in 
Israel  in  lying  with  Jacob's  daughter;  which  thing  ought  not 
to  be  done. 

11  And  Shechem  said  unto  her  father  and  unto  her  brethren. 
Let  me  find  favor  in  your  eyes,  and  what  ye  shall  say  unto  me 
I  will  give.  12  Ask  me  never  so  much  dowry  and  gift,  and  I 
will  give  according  as  ye  shall  say  unto  me:  but  give  me  the 
damsel  to  wife. 

14  And  said  unto  them.  We  cannot  do  this  thing,  to  give 
our  sister  to  one  that  is  uncircumcised ;  for  that  were  a  re- 
proach unto  us. 

19  And  the  young  man  deferred  not  to  do  the  thing,  because 
he  had  delight  in  Jacob's  daughter :  and  he  was  honored  above 
all  the  house  of  his  father. 

25b  Two  of  the  sons  of  Jacob,  Simeon  and  Levi,  Dinah's 
brethren,  took  each  man  his  sword.  26  And  they  slew  Hamor 
and  Shechem  his  son  with  the  edge  of  the  sword,  and  took 
Dinah  out  of  Shechem's  house,  and  went  forth. 

30  And  Jacob  said  to  Simeon  and  Levi,  Ye  have  troubled 
me,  to  make  me  odious  to  the  inhabitants  of  the  land,  among 
the  Canaanites  and  the  Perizzites:  and,  I  being  few  in  num- 
ber, they  will  gather  themselves  together  against  me  and 
smite  me;  and  I  shall  be  destroyed,  I  and  my  house.  31  And 
they  said.  Should  he  deal  with  our  sister  as  with  a  harlot? 

15xii.  Israel  Encamped  Beyond  the  Tower  of  Eder:  the 
Sin  of  Reuben.     J19  (Gn.  49^),  15x1,  17. 
Gn.  352i-22a 

21  And  Israel  journeyed,  and  spread  his  tent  beyond  the 
tower  of  Eder.  22a  And  it  came  to  pass,  while  Israel  dwelt 
in  that  land,  that  Reuben  went  and  lay  with  Bilhah  his  father's 
concubine :  and  Israel  heard  of  it. 

16.  The  Kings  of  Edom  (Esau).     Pll. 
Gn.  36^1-39 

31  And  these  are  the  kings  that  reigned  in  the  land  of  Edom, 
before  there  reigned  any  king  over  the  children  of  Israel. 

"  Generally  ascribed  to  J  (so  SB.),  but  some  doubt  is  e5cpressed  by  We.  (JE),  Ku.  (R), 
Ka.,  Co.,  Sk.,  St.  (P).  Whatever  its  source,  the  passage  is  ancient  and  trustworthy  (E. 
Meyer,  Gu.).    Bela,  v.  32,  is  probably  the  same  name  as  Balaam  J45  Nu.  24'-". 


64  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH     [  Gn.  3632 

32  And  Bela  the  son  of  Beor  reigned  in  Edom;  and  the  name 
of  his  city  was  Dinhabah.  33  And  Bela  died,  and  Jobab  the 
son  of  Zerah  of  Bozrah  reigned  in  his  stead.  34  And  Jobab 
died,  and  Husham  of  the  land  of  the  Temanites  reigned  in  his 
stead.  35  And  Husham  died,  and  Hadad  the  son  of  Bedad, 
who  smote  Midian  in  the  field  of  Moab,  reigned  in  his  stead: 
and  the  name  of  his  city  was  Avith.  36  And  Hadad  died,  and 
Samlah  of  Masrekah  reigned  in  his  stead.  37  And  Samlah  died, 
and  Shaul  of  Rehoboth  by  the  River  reigned  in  his  stead. 
38  And  Shaul  died,  and  Baal-hanan  the  son  of  Achbor  reigned 
in  his  stead.  39  And  Baal-hanan  the  son  of  Achbor  died,  and 
Hadar  reigned  in  his  stead :  and  the  name  of  his  city  was  Pau ; 
and  his  wife's  name  was  Mehetabel,  the  daughter  of  Matred, 
the  daughter  of  Me-zahab. 

Gn.  37^- -^^  cf.  J18.  The  order  is  changed  here  with  a 
view  to  having  the  Joseph  story  printed  consecutively. 

17.    JUDAH  AND  TaMAR  THE  CaNAANITE. 

Gn.  381-30 

38 1  And  it  came  to  pass  at  that  time,  that  Judah  went  down 
from  his  brethren,  and  turned  in  to  a  certain  Adullamite,  whose 
name  was  Hirah.  2  And  Judah  saw  there  a  daughter  of  a 
certain  Canaanite  whose  name  was  Shua;  and  he  took  her, 
and  went  in  unto  her.  3  And  she  conceived  and  bare  a  son; 
and  he  called  his  name  Er.  4  And  she  conceived  again,  and 
bare  a  son;  and  she  called  his  name  Onan.  5  And  she  yet 
again  bare  a  son,  and  called  his  name  Shelah:  and  he  was  at 
Chezib,  when  she  bare  him.  6  And  Judah  took  a  wife  for  Er 
his  first-born,  and  her  name  was  Tamar.  7  And  Er,  Judah's 
first-born,  was  wicked  in  the  sight  of  Jehovah;  and  Jehovah 
slew  him.  8  And  Judah  said  unto  Onan,  Go  in  unto  thy 
brother's  wife,  and  perform  the  duty  of  a  husband's  brother 
unto  her,  and  raise  up  seed  to  thy  brother.  9  And  Onan 
knew  that  the  seed  would  not  be  his;  and  it  came  to  pass, 
when  he  went  in  unto  his  brother's  wife,  that  he  spilled  it 
on  the  ground,  lest  he  should  give  seed  to  his  brother,  10 
And  the  thing  which  he  did  was  evil  in  the  sight  of  Jeho- 
vah: and  he  slew  him  also.  11  Then  said  Judah  to  Tamar 
his  daughter-in-law,  Remain  a  widow  in  thy  father's  house, 
till  Shelah  my  son  be  grown  up ;  for  he  said,  Lest  he  also  die, 
like  his  brethren.  And  Tamar  went  and  dwelt  in  her  father's 
house. 

12  And  in  the  process  of  time  Shua's  daughter,  the  wife  of 

1'  Gn.  38,  like  Jg.,  presupposes  a  separation  of  the  tribe  of  Judah  from  the  other  tribes 
(Smend).    On  Perez  v.  29,  cf.  Ruth  4",  1  Ch.  238. 


...3829  ]  J16-17  65 

Judah,  died;  and  Judah  was  comforted,  and  went  up  unto  his 
sheep-shearers  to  Timnah,  he  and  his  friend  Hirah  the  Adul- 
lamite.  13  And  it  was  told  Tamar,  saying,  Behold,  thy  father- 
in-law  goeth  up  to  Timnah  to  shear  his  sheep.  14  And  she 
put  off  from  her  the  garments  of  her  widowhood,  and  covered 
herself  with  her  veil,  and  wrapped  herself,  and  sat  in  the  gate 
of  Enaim,  which  is  by  the  way  to  Timnah;  for  she  saw  that 
Shelah  was  grown  up,  and  she  was  not  given  unto  him  to  wife. 
15  When  Judah  saw  her,  he  thought  her  to  be  a  harlot;  for 
she  had  covered  her  face.  16  And  he  turned  unto  her  by  the 
way,  and  said.  Come,  I  pray  thee,  let  me  come  in  unto  thee: 
for  he  knew  not  that  she  was  his  daughter-in-law.  And  she 
said.  What  wilt  thou  give  me,  that  thou  mayest  come  in  unto 
me?  17  And  he  said,  I  will  send  thee  a  kid  of  the  goats  from 
the  flock.  And  she  said,  Wilt  thou  give  me  a  pledge,  till  thou 
send  it?  18  And  he  said.  What  pledge  shall  I  give  thee?  And 
she  said,  Thy  signet  and  thy  cord,  and  thy  staff  that  is  in  thy 
hand.  And  he  gave  them  to  her,  and  came  in  unto  her,  and  she 
conceived  by  him.  19  And  she  arose,  and  went  away,  and  put 
off  her  veil  from  her,  and  put  on  the  garments  of  her  widow- 
hood. 20  And  Judah  sent  the  kid  of  the  goats  by  the  hand  of 
his  friend  the  Adullamite,  to  receive  the  pledge  from  the 
woman's  hand:  but  he  found  her  not.  21  Then  he  asked  the 
men  of  her  place,  saying.  Where  is  the  prostitute,  that  was  at 
Enaim  by  the  wayside?  And  they  said.  There  hath  been  no 
prostitute  here.  22  And  he  returned  to  Judah,  and  said,  I 
have  not  found  her ;  and  also  the  men  of  the  place  said.  There 
hath  been  no  prostitute  here.  23  And  Judah  said,  Let  her 
take  it  to  her,  lest  we  be  put  to  shame :  behold,  I  sent  this  kid, 
and  thou  hast  not  found  her. 

24  And  it  came  to  pass  about  three  months  after,  that  it 
was  told  Judah,  saying,  Tamar  thy  daughter-in-law  hath  played 
the  harlot;  and  moreover,  behold,  she  is  with  child  by  whore- 
dom. And  Judah  said.  Bring  her  forth,  and  let  her  be  burnt. 
25  When  she  was  brought  forth,  she  sent  to  her  father-in-law, 
saying,  By  the  man,  whose  these  are,  am  I  with  child :  and  she 
said.  Discern,  I  pray  thee,  whose  are  these,  the  signet,  and  the 
cords,  and  the  staff.  26  And  Judah  acknowledged  them,  and 
said,  She  is  more  righteous  than  I,  forasmuch  as  I  gave  her  not 
to  Shelah  my  son.  And  he  knew  her  again  no  more.  27  And 
it  came  to  pass  in  the  time  of  her  travail,  that,  behold,  twins 
were  in  her  womb.  28  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  she  travailed, 
that  one  put  out  a  hand:  and  the  midwife  took  and  bound 
upon  his  hand  a  scarlet  thread,  saying.  This  came  out  first. 
29  And  it  came  to  pass,  as  he  drew  back  his  hand,  that,  behold, 
his  brother  came  out :  and  she  said.  Wherefore  hast  thou  made 


66  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH     [  Gn.  SS^^ 

a  breach  for  thyself?  therefore  his  name  was  called  Perez. 
30  And  afterward  came  out  his  brother,  that  had  the  scarlet 
thread  upon  his  hand :  and  his  name  was  called  Zerah. 

18.  The  Story  of  Joseph.     E4.     P12. 

18i.  Joseph  Sold  to  the  Ishmaelites.     E4ii. 

Gn     373-4 -12- 13ab.  14c.  18b. 21. 23. 25-27. 28a*. 32-33  .35 

3  Now  Israel  loved  Joseph  more  than  all  his  children,  be- 
cause he  was  the  son  of  his  old  age :  and  he  made  him  a  coat  of 
many  colors.  4  And  his  brethren  saw  that  their  father  loved 
him  more  than  all  his  brethren;  and  they  hated  him,  and 
could  not  speak  peaceably  unto  him. 

12  And  his  brethren  went  to  feed  their  father's  flock  in  She- 
chem.  13ab  And  Israel  said  unto  Joseph,  Are  not  thy  brethren 
feeding  the  flock  in  Shechem?  come,  and  I  will  send  thee  unto 
them.  14c  So  he  sent  him  out  of  the  vale  of  Hebron,  and  he 
came  to  Shechem. 

18b  And  before  he  came  near  unto  them,  they  conspired 
against  him  to  slay  him.  21  And  Reuben  heard  it,  and  deliv- 
ered him  out  of  their  hand,  and  said.  Let  us  not  take  his 
life.  23  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  Joseph  was  come  unto 
his  brethren,  that  they  stripped  Joseph  of  his  coat,  the  coat 
of  many  colors  that  was  on  him.  25  And  they  sat  down  to  eat 
bread. 

And  they  hfted  up  their  eyes  and  looked,  and,  behold,  a 
caravan  of  Ishmaelites  was  coming  from  Gilead,  with  their 
camels  bearing  spicery  and  balm  and  myrrh,  going  to  carry  it 
down  to  Egypt.  26  And  Judah  said  unto  his  brethren,  What 
profit  is  it  if  we  slay  our  brother  and  conceal  his  blood? 
27  Come,  and  let  us  sell  him  to  the  Ishmaelites,  and  let  not 
our  hand  be  upon  him ;  for  he  is  our  brother,  our  flesh.  And  his 
brethren  hearkened  unto  him,  28a*  and  sold  Joseph  to  the 
Ishmaehtes  for  twenty  pieces  of  silver. 

32  And  they  sent  the  coat  of  many  colors,  and  they  brought 
it  to  their  father,  and  said,  This  have  we  found:  know  now 
whether  it  is  thy  son's  coat  or  not.  33  And  he  knew  it,  and 
said,  It  is  my  son's  coat;  an  evil  beast  hath  devoured  him; 
Joseph  is  without  doubt  torn  in  pieces.  35  And  all  his  sons 
and  all  his  daughters  rose  up  to  comfort  him;  but  he  refused 
to  be  comforted;  and  he  said.  For  I  will  go  down  to  Sheol  to 
my  son  mourning.    And  his  father  wept  for  him. 

Gn.  38i-»,  cf.  J17. 


1"  V.  21  "Reuben"  is  gloss  by  Rje,  for  original  "Judah":  Ka.,  Gu.,  Mi.,  Ba.,  Sk.,  Smend, 
et  al.  There  are  perhaps  traces  of  E  in  v.  23  CH.,  Dr.,  Smend;  in  w.  32b-33a  Ba.,  CH., 
Gu.;  in  V.  35b  Co.,  Gu.,  Pr.,  Sk.,  Smend,  SB. 


...3918  ]  J17-18ii  67 

18ii.  Joseph,  the  Slave  of  "an  Egyptian,"   Resists  the 
Temptation  of  His  Master's  Wife.     E4iii. 

Gn.   391-4a.4cd-5.6b-19 

391  And  Joseph  was  brought  down  to  Egypt;  and  Potiphar, 
an  officer  of  Pharaoh's,  the  captain  of  the  guard,  an  Egyptian,  bought 
him  of  the  hand  of  the  Ishmaehtes,  that  had  brought  him  down 
thither.  2  And 'Jehovah  was  with  Joseph,  and  he  was  a  pros- 
perous man;  and  he  was  in  the  house  of  his  master  the  Egyp- 
tian. 3  And  his  master  saw  that  Jehovah  was  with  him,  and 
that  Jehovah  made  all  that  he  did  to  prosper  in  his  hand. 
4acd  And  Joseph  found  favor  in  his  sight:  and  he  made  him 
overseer  over  his  house,  and  all  that  he  had  he  put  into  his 
hand.  5  And  it  came  to  pass  from  the  time  that  he  made  him 
overseer  in  his  house,  and  over  all  that  he  had,  that  Jehovah 
blessed  the  Egyptian's  house  for  Joseph's  sake;  and  the  bless- 
ing of  Jehovah  was  upon  all  that  he  had,  in  the  house  and  in 
the  field. 

6b  And  Joseph  was  comely,  and  well-favored.  7  And  it 
came  to  pass  after  these  things,  that  his  master's  wife  cast 
her  eyes  upon  Joseph;  and  she  said,  Lie  with  me.  8  But  he 
refused,  and  said  unto  his  master's  wife,  Behold,  my  master 
knoweth  not  what  is  with  me  in  the  house,  and  he  hath  put  all 
that  he  hath  into  my  hand :  9  he  is  not  greater  in  this  house 
than  I ;  neither  hath  he  kept  back  anything  from  me  but  thee, 
because  thou  art  his  wife:  how  then  can  I  do  this  great  wick- 
edness, and  sin  against  God?  10  And  it  came  to  pass,  as  she 
spake  to  Joseph  day  by  day,  that  he  hearkened  not  unto  her, 
to  lie  by  her,  or  to  be  with  her.  11  And  it  came  to  pass  about 
this  time,  that  he  went  into  the  house  to  do  his  work;  and 
there  was  none  of  the  men  of  the  house  there  within.  12  And 
she  caught  him  by  his  garment,  saying.  Lie  with  me:  and  he 
left  his  garment  in  her  hand,  and  fled,  and  got  him  out.  13  And 
it  came  to  pass,  when  she  saw  that  he  had  left  his  garment  in 
her  hand,  and  was  fled  forth,  14  that  she  called  unto  the  men 
of  her  house,  and  spake  unto  them,  saying.  See,  he  hath  brought 
in  a  Hebrew  unto  us  to  mock  us:  he  came  in  unto  me  to  lie 
with  me,  and  I  cried  with  a  loud  voice:  15  and  it  came  to 
pass,  when  he  heard  that  I  lifted  up  my  voice  and  cried,  that 
he  left  his  garment  by  me,  and  fled,  and  got  him  out.  16  And 
she  laid  up  his  garment  by  her,  until  his  master  came  home. 
17  And  she  spake  unto  him  according  to  these  words,  saying, 
The  Hebrew  servant,  whom  thou  hast  brought  unto  us,  came 
in  unto  me  to  mock  me:    18  and  it  came  to  pass,  as  I  lifted 

"*■'  This  story  is  remarkably  similar  to  the  ancient  Egyptian  tale,  "The  two  Brothers." 
"There  ia  no  doubt  of  a  connection"  Ki.,  so  Gu.,  Eerd.,  etc.  For  the  text  of  the  tale,  see 
(in  C'.ernmn),  C.r.  TR.  223-22.5;  and  (English)  World's  Best  Literature,  5263ff,  or  Barton, 
Archaeology  and  the  Bible,  300-302. 


68       SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH  [  Gn.  S9'^ 

up  my  voice  and  cried,  that  he  left  his  garment  by  me,  and 
fled  out. 

19  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  his  master  heard  the  words  of 
his  wife,  which  she  spake  unto  him,  saying.  After  this  manner 
did  thy  servant  to  me;  that  his  wrath  was  kindled. 

18iii.  Joseph  in  Prison  (Fragmentary  Account).    E4iv. 
Gn.  3920-23  4oi.3b.5.i5b 

20  And  Joseph's  master  took  him,  and  put  him  into  the 
prison,  the  place  where  the  king's  prisoners  were  bound:  and 
he  was  there  in  the  prison.  21  But  Jehovah  was  with  Joseph, 
and  showed  kindness  unto  him,  and  gave  him  favor  in  the 
sight  of  the  keeper  of  the  prison.  22  And  the  keeper  of  the 
prison  committed  to  Joseph's  hands  all  the  prisoners  that  were 
in  the  prison;  and  whatsoever  they  did  there,  he  was  the  doer 
of  it.  23  The  keeper  of  the  prison  looked  not  to  anything  that 
was  under  his  hand,  because  Jehovah  was  with  him;  and  that 
which  he  did,  Jehovah  made  it  to  prosper. 

40^  And  it  came  to  pass  after  these  things,  that  the  butler 
of  the  king  of  Egypt  and  his  baker  offended  their  lord  the 
king  of  Egypt  ...  3b  into  the  prison,  the  place  where  Joseph 
was  bound  ...  5b  the  butler  and  the  baker  of  the  king  of 
Egypt,  who  were  bound  in  the  prison. 

15b  And  here  also  have  I  done  nothing  that  they  should  put 
me  into  the  dungeon. 

ISiv.   Joseph   Released   from   Prison   and   Made   Ruler 
(Fragmentary  Account).     E4vi.     P12ii. 

Gn.   4114b. 34-36. 41. 48 

14b  And  they  brought  him  hastily  out  of  the  dungeon :  and 
he  shaved  himself,  and  changed  his  raiment,  and  came  in  unto 
Pharaoh. 

34  Let  Pharaoh  do  this,  and  let  him  appoint  overseers  over 
the  land,  and  take  up  the  fifth  part  of  the  land  of  Egypt  in  the 
seven  plenteous  years.  35  And  let  them  gather  all  the  food 
of  these  good  years  that  come,  and  lay  up  grain  under  the 
hand  of  Pharaoh  for  food  in  the  cities,  and  let  them  keep  it. 
36  And  the  food  shall  be  for  a  store  against  the  seven  years  of 
famine,  which  shall  be  in  the  land  of  Egypt;  that  the  land 
perish  not  through  the  famine. 

41  And  Pharaoh  said  unto  Joseph,  See,  I  have  set  thee  over 
all  the  land  of  Egypt.     48  And  he  gathered  up  all  the  food 

"'"  Rje  has  preserved  only  a  few  details  from  J's  account  of  the  imprisonment  of  Jo- 
seph.    Note  that  Joseph  is  the  speaker  in  40'*''_ 

isiv  Joseph  is  the  speaker  in  w.  34-36.  There  is  considerable  difference  as  to  the  J  vy. 
in  this  chapter,  but  the  above  analysis  represents  the  consensus,  vv.  34-36  J:  Ba.,  Di., 
Co.,  Gu.,  Sk.,  Mi.,  St.,  Smend  (35-36),  CH.  v.  41  J:  same,  and  Pr.,  GFM.,  Ad.,  Ka.  v.  48 
J:  Co.,  Ba.,  Gu.,  Sk.,  St.,  Mi.,  We.,  Smend.    Others  make  these  vv.  E. 


...43^  ]  J18ii-vi  69 

of  the  seven  years  which  were  in  the  land  of  Egypt,  and  laid  up 
the  food  in  the  cities:  the  food  of  the  field,  which  was  round 
about  every  city,  laid  he  up  in  the  same. 

18v.  Joseph's  Brothers  Seek  Grain  in  Egypt  and  Return 
TO  Israel  (Fragmentary).     E4viii. 

Gn     422-^''-5-V* -27-283.38 

2  And  he  said.  Behold,  I  have  heard  that  there  is  grain  in 
Egypt:  get  you  down  thither,  and  buy  for  us  from  thence; 
that  we  may  live,  and  not  die;  4b  .  .  .  for  he  said,  Lest  per- 
ad venture  harm  befall  him.  5  And  the  sons  of  Israel  came  to 
buy  among  those  that  came :  for  the  famine  was  in  the  land  of 
Egypt. 

7  And  Joseph  saw  his  brethren,  and  he  knew  them,  but  made 
himself  strange  unto  them  .  .  .  ;  and  he  said  unto  them, 
Whence  come  ye?  .  .  . 

27  And  as  one  of  them  opened  his  sack  to  give  his  ass  prov- 
ender in  the  lodging-place,  he  espied  his  money;  and,  behold, 
it  was  in  the  mouth  of  his  sack.  28a  And  he  said  unto  his 
brethren,  My  money  is  restored ;  and,  lo,  it  is  even  in  my  sack : 
and  their  heart  failed  them,  and  they  turned  trembling  one  to 
another. 

38  And  he  said.  My  son  shall  not  go  down  with  you;  for 
his  brother  is  dead,  and  he  only  is  left:  if  harm  befall  him  by 
the  way  in  which  ye  go,  then  will  ye  bring  down  my  gray  hairs 
with  sorrow  to  Sheol. 

18vi.  Second  Visit  of  Joseph's  Brothers  to  Egypt.    E4ix. 

Gn     431-13.15-23a. 24-34  44I-34 

43^  And  the  famine  was  sore  in  the  land.  2  And  it  came  to 
pass,  when  they  had  eaten  up  the  grain  which  they  had  brought 
out  of  Egypt,  their  father  said  unto  them.  Go  again,  buy  us  a 
little  food.  3  And  Judah  spake  unto  him,  saying,  The  man  did 
solemnly  protest  unto  us,  saying,  Ye  shall  not  see  my  face, 
except  your  brother  be  with  you.  4  If  thou  wilt  send  our 
brother  with  us,  we  will  go  down  and  buy  thee  food :  5  but  if 
thou  wilt  not  send  him,  we  will  not  go  down;  for  the  man 
said  unto  us.  Ye  shall  not  see  my  face,  except  your  brother  be 
with  you.  6  And  Israel  said,  Wherefore  dealt  ye  so  ill  with 
me,  as  to  tell  the  man  whether  ye  had  yet  a  brother?  7  And 
they  said,  The  man  asked  straitly  concerning  ourselves,  and 
concerning  our  kindred,  saying,  Is  your  father  yet  alive?  have 

'8^'  Israel  (Jacob)  is  the  speaker  in  v.  2.  An  account  of  the  purchase  of  the  grain  is 
evidently  omitted  between  7  and  27.  There  is  general  agreement  on  the  analysis  (exc. 
vv.  2... 7  E:  Pr.).  Even  Eerd.  admits  that  vv.  27-28  should  bo  separated  from  their 
context.  V.  38  is  spoken  by  Israel  after  the  return  to  Canaan ;  he  refuses  to  permit  Ben- 
jamin to  leave  him. 


70       SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH   [  Gn.  43' 

ye  another  brother?  and  we  told  him  according  to  the  tenor  of 
these  words:  could  we  in  any  wise  know  that  he  would  say, 
Bring  your  brother  down?  8  And  Judah  said  unto  Israel  his 
father,  Send  the  lad  with  me,  and  we  will  arise  and  go;  that 
we  may  live,  and  not  die,  both  we,  and  thou,  and  also  our  little 
ones.  9  I  will  be  surety  for  him;  of  my  hand  shalt  thou  re- 
quire him:  if  I  bring  him  not  unto  thee,  and  set  him  before 
thee,  then  let  me  bear  the  blame  for  ever:  10  for  except  we 
had  lingered,  surely  we  had  now  returned  a  second  time.  11  And 
their  father  Israel  said  unto  them,  If  it  be  so  now,  do  this: 
take  of  the  choice  fruits  of  the  land  in  your  vessels,  and  carry 
down  the  man  a  present,  a  little  balm,  and  a  little  honey,  spicery 
and  myrrh,  nuts,  and  almonds;  12  and  take  double  money  in 
your  hand ;  and  the  money  that  was  returned  in  the  mouth  of 
your  sacks  carry  again  in  your  hand;  peradventure  it  was  an 
oversight :  13  take  also  your  brother,  and  arise,  go  again  unto 
the  man.  15  And  the  men  took  that  present,  and  they  took 
double  money  in  their  hand,  and  Benjamin;  and  rose  up,  and 
went  down  to  Egypt,  and  stood  before  Joseph. 

16  And  when  Joseph  saw  Benjamin  with  them,  he  said  to  the 
steward  of  his  house.  Bring  the  men  into  the  house,  and  slay, 
and  make  ready;  for  the  men  shall  dine  with  me  at  noon. 
17  And  the  man  did  as  Joseph  bade;  and  the  man  brought 
the  men  to  Joseph's  house.  18  And  the  men  were  afraid,  be- 
cause they  were  brought  to  Joseph's  house;  and  they  said. 
Because  of  the  money  that  was  returned  in  our  sacks  at 
the  first  time  are  we  brought  in;  that  he  may  seek  occasion 
against  us,  and  fall  upon  us,  and  take  us  for  bondmen,  and 
our  asses.  19  And  they  came  near  to  the  steward  of  Joseph's 
house,  and  they  spake  unto  him  at  the  door  of  the  house,  20  and 
said.  Oh,  my  lord,  we  came  indeed  down  at  the  first  time  to 
buy  food:  21  and  it  came  to  pass,  when  we  came  to  the 
lodging-place,  that  we  opened  our  sacks,  and,  behold,  every 
man's  money  was  in  the  mouth  of  his  sack,  our  money  in  full 
weight:  and  we  have  brought  it  again  in  our  hand.  22  And 
other  money  have  we  brought  down  in  our  hand  to  buy  food: 
we  know  not  who  put  our  money  in  our  sacks.  23a  And  he 
said.  Peace  be  to  you,  fear  not:  your  God,  and  the  God  of 
your  father,-  hath  given  you  treasure  in  your  sacks:  I  had 
your  money.  24  And  the  man  brought  the  men  into  Joseph's 
house,  and  gave  them  water,  and  they  washed  their  feet;  and 
he  gave  their  asses  provender.  25  And  they  made  ready  the 
present  against  Joseph's  coming  at  noon:  for  they  heard  that 
they  should  eat  bread  there. 

26  And  when  Joseph  came  home,  they  brought  him  the 
present  which  was  in  their  hand  into  the  house,  and  bowed 


...44^2  ]  jlSvi  71 

down  themselves  to  him  to  the  earth.  27  And  he  asked  them 
of  their  welfare,  and  said,  Is  your  father  well,  the  old  man  of 
whom  ye  spake?  Is  he  yet  alive?  28  And  they  said.  Thy 
servant  our  father  is  well,  he  is  yet  alive.  And  they  bowed 
the  head,  and  made  obeisance.  29  And  he  lifted  up  his  eyes, 
and  saw  Benjamin  his  brother,  his  mother's  son,  and  said.  Is 
this  your  youngest  brother,  of  whom  ye  spake  unto  me?  And 
he  said,  God  be  gracious  unto  thee,  my  son.  30  And  Joseph 
made  haste;  for  his  heart  yearned  over  his  brother:  and  he 
sought  where  to  weep;  and  he  entered  into  his  chamber,  and 
wept  there.  31  And  he  washed  his  face,  and  came  out;  and 
he  refrained  himself,  and  said.  Set  on  bread.  32  And  they  set 
on  for  him  by  himself,  and  for  them  by  themselves,  and  for  the 
Egyptians,  that  did  eat  with  him,  by  themselves:  because  the 
Egyptians  might  not  eat  bread  with  the  Hebrews;  for  that  is 
an  abomination  unto  the  Egyptians.  33  And  they  sat  before 
him,  the  first-born  according  to  his  birthright,  and  the  youngest 
according  to  his  youth:  and  the  men  marvelled  one  with 
another.  34  And  he  took  and  sent  messes  unto  them  from  be- 
fore him:  but  Benjamin's  mess  was  five  times  so  much  as  any 
of  theirs  And  they  drank,  and  were  merry  with  him. 
A  A  And  he  commanded  the  steward  of  his  house,  saying, 
^^Fill  the  men's  sacks  with  food,  as  much  as  they  can 
carry,  and  put  every  man's  money  in  his  sack's  mouth.  2  And 
put  my  cup,  the  silver  cup,  in  the  sack's  mouth  of  the  youngest, 
and  his  grain  money.  And  he  did  according  to  the  word  that 
Joseph  had  spoken.  3  As  soon  as  the  morning  was  hght,  the 
men  were  sent  away,  they  and  their  asses.  A  And  when  they 
were  gone  out  of  the  city,  and  were  not  yet  far  off,  Joseph  said 
unto  his  steward,  Up,  follow  after  the  men;  and  when  thou 
dost  overtake  them,  say  unto  them,  Wherefore  have  ye  re- 
warded evil  for  good?  5  Is  not  this  that  in  which  my  lord 
drinketh,  and  whereby  he  indeed  divineth?  ye  have  done  evil 
in  so  doing.  6  And  he  overtook  them,  and  he  spake  unto  them 
these  words.  7  And  they  said  unto  him.  Wherefore  speaketh 
my  lord  such  words  as  these?  Far  be  it  from  thy  servants  that 
they  should  do  such  a  thing.  8  Behold,  the  money,  which  we 
found  in  our  sacks'  mouths,  we  brought  again  unto  thee  out  of 
the  land  of  Canaan :  how  then  should  we  steal  out  of  thy  lord's 
house  silver  or  gold?  9  With  whomsoever  of  thy  servants  it 
be  found,  let  him  die,  and  we  also  will  be  my  lord's  bondmen. 
10  And  he  said.  Now  also  let  it  be  according  unto  your  words : 
he  with  whom  it  is  found  shall  be  my  bondman;  and  ye  shall 
be  blameless.  11  Then  they  hasted,  and  took  down  every  man 
his  sack  to  the  ground,  and  opened  every  man  his  sack.  12 
And  he  searched,  and  began  at  the  eldest,  and  left  off  at  the 


72       SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH  [  Gn.  44^2 

youngest :  and  the  cup  was  found  in  Benjamin's  sack.  13  Then 
they  rent  their  clothes,  and  laded  every  man  his  ass,  and  re- 
turned to  the  city. 

14  And  Judah  and  his  brethren  came  to  Joseph's  house; 
and  he  was  yet  there :  and  they  fell  before  him  on  the  ground. 

15  And  Joseph  said  unto  them.  What  deed  is  this  that  ye  have 
done?  know  ye  not  that  such  a  man  as  I  can  indeed  divine? 

16  And  Judah  said,  What  shall  we  say  unto  my  lord?  what 
shall  we  speak?  or  how  shall  we  clear  ourselves?  God  hath 
found  out  the  iniquity  of  thy  servants:  behold,  we  are  my 
lord's  bondmen,  both  we,  and  he  also  in  whose  hand  the  cup 
is  found.  17  And  he  said,  Far  be  it  from  me  that  I  should  do 
so:  the  man  in  whose  hand  the  cup  is  found,  he  shall  be  my 
bondman ;  but  as  for  you,  get  you  up  in  peace  unto  your  father. 

18  Then  Judah  came  near  unto  him,  and  said.  Oh,  my  lord, 
let  thy  servant,  I  pray  thee,  speak  a  word  in  my  lord's  ears, 
and  let  not  thine  anger  burn  against  thy  servant;  for  thou  art 
even  as  Pharaoh.  19  My  lord  asked  his  servants,  saying.  Have 
ye  a  father,  or  a  brother?  20  And  we  said  unto  my  lord.  We 
have  a  father,  an  old  man,  and  a  child  of  his  old  age,  a  little 
one ;  and  his  brother  is  dead,  and  he  alone  is  left  of  his  mother ; 
and  his  father  loveth  him.  21  And  thou  saidst  unto  thy  serv- 
ants, Bring  him  down  unto  me,  that  I  may  set  mine  eyes  upon 
him.  22  And  we  said  unto  my  lord,  The  lad  cannot  leave  his 
father:  for  if  he  should  leave  his  father,  his  father  would  die. 

23  And  thou  saidst  unto  thy  servants,  Except  your  youngest 
brother  come  down  with  you,  ye  shall  see  my  face  no  more. 

24  And  it  came  to  pass  when  we  came  up  unto  thy  servant  my 
father,  we  told  him  the  words  of  my  lord.  25  And  our  father 
said.  Go  again,  buy  us  a  little  food.  26  And  we  said,  We  can- 
not go  down :  if  our  youngest  brother  be  with  us,  then  will  we 
go  down ;  for  we  may  not  see  the  man's  face,  except  our  young- 
est brother  be  with  us.  27  And  thy  servant  my  father  said 
unto  us.  Ye  know  that  my  wife  bare  me  two  sons :  28  and  the 
one  went  out  from  me,  and  I  said.  Surely  he  is  torn  in  pieces; 
and  I  have  not  seen  him  since :  29  and  if  ye  take  this  one  also 
from  me,  and  harm  befall  him,  ye  will  bring  down  my  gray 
hairs  with  sorrow  to  Sheol.  30  Now  therefore  when  I  come  to 
thy  servant  my  father,  and  the  lad  is  not  with  us;  seeing  that 
his  Ufe  is  bound  up  in  the  lad's  Ufe;  31  it  will  come  to  pass, 
when  he  seeth  that  the  lad  is  not  vrith  us,  that  he  will  die :  and 
thy  servants  will  bring  down  the  gray  hairs  of  thy  servant  our 
father  with  sorrow  to  Sheol.  32  For  thy  servant  became  surety 
for  the  lad  unto  my  father,  saying.  If  I  bring  him  not  unto  thee, 
then  shall  I  bear  the  blame  to  my  father  for  ever.  33  Now 
therefore,  let  thy  servant,  I  pray  thee,  abide  instead  of  the  lad 


...472]  J18vi-viii  73 

a  bondman  to  my  lord ;  and  let  the  lad  go  up  with  his  brethren. 
34  F'or  how  shall  I  go  up  to  my  father,  if  the  lad  be  not  with 
me?  lest  I  see  the  evil  that  shall  come  on  my  father. 

18vii.  Joseph  Reveals  Himself  to  His  Brothers.    E4ix. 

Gn     451a-'*b-5a.l0a. 13-14. 28 

45'"  Then  Joseph  could  not  refrain  himself  before  all  them 
that  stood  by  him;  and  he  cried,  Cause  every  man  to  go  out 
from  me.  ...  4b  I  am  Joseph  your  brother,  whom  ye  sold 
into  Egypt.  5a  And  now  be  not  grieved,  nor  angry  with 
yourselves,  that  ye  sold  me  hither.  10a  And  thou  shalt  dwell 
in  the  land  of  Goshen.  13  And  ye  shall  tell  my  father  of  all 
mj^  glory  in  Egypt,  and  of  all  that  ye  have  seen :  and  ye  shall 
haste  and  bring  down  my  father  hither.  14  And  he  fell  upon 
his  brother  Benjamin's  neck,  and  wept;  and  Benjamin  wept 
upon  his  neck. 

28  And  Israel  said.  It  is  enough ;  my  son  Joseph  is  yet  alive : 
I  will  go  and  see  him  before  I  die. 

18viii.  Israel  and  His  Sons  Move  to  Egypt.    E4x,  xi.  P12iii. 

Gn     4Gla. 28-34  471-5a.6b 

46 ''^  And  Israel  took  his  journey  with  all  that  he  had,  and 
came  to  Beer-sheba.  28  And  he  sent  Judah  before  him  unto 
Joseph,  to  show  the  way  before  him  unto  Goshen;  and  they 
came  into  the  land  of  Goshen. 

29  And  Joseph  made  ready  his  chariot,  and  went  up  to  meet 
Israel  his  father,  to  Goshen;  and  he  presented  himself  unto 
him,  and  fell  on  his  neck,  and  wept  on  his  neck  a  good  while. 
30  And  Israel  said  unto  Joseph,  Now  let  me  die,  since  I  have 
seen  thy  face,  that  thou  art  yet  alive.  31  And  Joseph  said 
unto  his  brethren,  and  unto  his  father's  house,  I  will  go  up  and 
tell  Pharaoh,  and  will  say  unto  him,  My  brethren  and  my 
father's  house,  who  were  in  the  land  of  Canaan,  are  come  unto 
me;  32  and  the  men  are  shepherds,  for  they  have  been  keep- 
ers of  cattle;  and  they  have  brought  their  flocks,  and  their 
herds,  and  all  that  they  have.  33  And  it  shall  come  to  pass, 
when  Pharaoh  shall  call  you,  and  shall  say.  What  is  your  occu- 
pation? 34  that  ye  shall  say.  Thy  servants  have  been  keepers 
of  cattle  from  our  youth  even  until  now,  both  we,  and  our 
fathers:  that  ye  may  dwell  in  the  land  of  Goshen;  for  every 
shepherd  is  an  abomination  unto  the  Egyptians. 

47'  Then  Joseph  went  in  and  told  Pharaoh,  and  said,  My 
father  and  my  brethren,  and  their  flocks,  and  their  herds,  and 
all  that  they  have,  are  come  out  of  the  land  of  Canaan;  and, 
behold,  they  are  in  the  land  of  Goshen.  2  And  from  among 
his  brethren  he  took  five  men,  and  presented  them  unto  Pha- 


74       SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH   [  Gn.  47^ 

raoh.  3  And  Pharaoh  said  unto  his  brethren,  What  is  your 
occupation?  And  they  said  unto  Pharaoh,  Thy  servants  are 
shepherds,  both  we,  and  our  fathers.  4  And  they  said  unto 
Pharaoh,  To  sojourn  in  the  land  are  we  come;  for  there  is  no 
pasture  for  thy  servants'  flocks;  for  the  famine  is  sore  in  the 
land  of  Canaan :  now  therefore,  we  pray  thee,  let  thy  servants 
dwell  in  the  land  of  Goshen. 

5a  And  Pharaoh  spake  unto  Joseph,  saying,  6b  In  the  land 
of  Goshen  let  them  dwell:  and  if  thou  knowest  any  able  man 
among  them,  then  make  them  rulers  over  my  cattle. 

18ix.  Joseph's  Administration  in  Famine  Time.  J18iv  (Gn. 
4134).     E4vii^ 

Gn.  4713-26 

13  And  there  was  no  bread  in  all  the  land;  for  the  famine 
was  very  sore,  so  that  the  land  of  Egypt  and  the  land  of  Ca- 
naan fainted  by  reason  of  the  famine.  14  And  Joseph  gath- 
ered up  all  the  money  that  was  found  in  the  land  of  Egypt,  and 
in  the  land  of  Canaan,  for  the  grain  which  they  bought:  and 
Joseph  brought  the  money  into  Pharaoh's  house.  15  And  when 
the  money  was  all  spent  in  the  land  of  Egypt,  and  in  the  land 
of  Canaan,  all  the  Egyptians  came  unto  Joseph,  and  said.  Give 
us  bread:  for  why  should  we  die  in  thy  presence?  for  our 
money  faileth.  16  And  Joseph  said.  Give  your  cattle;  and  I 
will  give  you  for  your  cattle,  if  money  fail.  17  And  they 
brought  their  cattle  unto  Joseph ;  and  Joseph  gave  them  bread 
in  exchange  for  the  horses,  and  for  the  flocks,  and  for  the  herds, 
and  for  the  asses :  and  he  fed  them  with  bread  in  exchange  for 
all  their  cattle  for  that  year.  18  And  when  that  year  was 
ended,  they  came  unto  him  the  second  year,  and  said  unto 
him.  We  will  not  hide  from  my  lord,  how  that  our  money  is  all 
spent;  and  the  herds  of  cattle  are  my  lord's;  there  is  nought 
left  in  the  sight  of  my  lord,  but  our  bodies,  and  our  lands: 
19  Wherefore  should  we  die  before  thine  eyes,  both  we  and 
our  land?  buy  us  and  our  land  for  bread,  and  we  and  our  land 
will  be  servants  unto  Pharaoh :  and  give  us  seed,  that  we  may 
live,  and  not  die,  and  that  the  land  be  not  desolate. 

20  So  Joseph  bought  all  the  land  of  Egypt  for  Pharaoh ;  for 
the  Egyptians  sold  every  man  his  field,  because  the  famine  was 
sore  upon  them:  and  the  land  became  Pharaoh's.  21  And  as 
for  the  people,  he  removed  them  to  the  cities  from  one  end  of 
the  border  of  Egypt  even  to  the  other  end  thereof.  22  Only 
the  land  of  the  priests  bought  he  not:  for  the  priests  had  a 

isviii  476  in  LXX  combines  vv.  5a  and  6b  as  above,  thus  confirming  the  critical  an- 
alysis. 

'Six  All  agree  that  the  passage  is  out  of  its  proper  context,  and  is  confused.  Rje:  Ki. 
SB.  finds  E  in  w.  13b,  14a,  15a,  20b,  26b. 


...4730  ]  J18viii-19  75 

portion  from  Pharaoh,  and  did  eat  their  portion  which  Pharaoh 
gave  them;  wherefore  they  sold  not  their  land.  23  Then  Jo- 
seph said  unto  the  people,  Behold,  I  have  bought  you  this 
day  and  your  land  for  Pharaoh :  lo,  here  is  seed  for  you,  and  ye 
shall  sow  the  land.  24  And  it  shall  come  to  pass  at  the  in- 
gatherings, that  ye  shall  give  a  fifth  unto  Pharaoh,  and  four 
parts  shall  be  your  own,  for  seed  of  the  field,  and  for  your  food, 
and  for  them  of  your  households,  and  for  food  for  your  little 
ones.  25  And  they  said.  Thou  hast  saved  our  hves :  let  us  find 
favor  in  the  sight  of  my  lord,  and  we  will  be  Pharaoh's  servants. 
26  And  Joseph  made  it  a  statute  concerning  the  land  of  Egypt 
unto  this  day,  that  Pharaoh  should  have  the  fifth;  only  the 
land  of  the  priests  alone  became  not  Pharaoh's. 

19.  The  Blessing  of  Jacob.     E5,  51.    P13. 

Gn     4727a. 29-31  4g2b. 9b- 10a. 13-14. 17-19  4gib-28a 

Introductory  Note — The  blessing  in  ^Q^^-^^^  is  generally 
recognized  as  one  of  the  most  ancient  pieces  of  Hebrew  poetry 
in  the  OT.  Its  parts  were  probably  not  all  written  at  the  same 
time  (although  Co.,  1912,  views  it  as  a  unity  on  metrical 
grounds).  All  agree  that  some  of  the  blessings  (Dan,  Gad, 
Benjamin,  Joseph?)  date  from  the  period  of  the  Judges;  others 
(Judah)  from  the  time  of  David  or  Solomon.  It  assumed  its 
present  form  either  (a)  in  the  period  of  the  Judges  (except  for 
very  brief  additions:  Se.,  Gr.,  Ki.),  or  (b)  in  the  United  King- 
dom (Co.,  Mi.,  CH.,  Dr.,  Sk.,  St.),  or  (c)  in  the  reign  of  Ahab 
(We.,  Ku.,  Ad.,  Stade,  Ka.).  The  question  as  to  date  turns 
largely  on  49"^"^^;  some  hold  that  it  presupposes  the  Divided 
Kingdom  (Ba.,  We.,  Smend,  and  Ka.,  who  says  that  it  is  al- 
most universally  assigned  to  the  period  of  struggle  between 
Ephraim  and  the  Aramaeans  of  Damascus  in  the  ninth  century) ; 
but  many  date  it  in  the  period  of  the  Judges  or  the  United 
Kingdom  (Se.,  St.  22-24a,  Mi.,  Gr.,  Co.,  Dr.,  Sk.,  et  al.).  All 
agree  that  Gn.  49  is  older  than  Dt.  33,  which  it  resembles 
(E49,  q.  v.). 

Se.  suggests  that  the  twelve  blessings  may  be  connected  with 
the  Babylonian  zodiac  schema. 

27a  And  Israel  dwelt  in  the  land  of  Eg3rpt,  in  the  land  of 
Goshen. 

29  And  the  time  drew  near  that  Israel  must  die:  and  he 
called  his  son  Joseph,  and  said  unto  him,  If  now  I  have  found 
favor  in  thy  sight,  put,  I  pray  thee,  thy  hand  under  my  thigh, 
and  deal  kindly  and  truly  with  me:  bury  me  not,  I  pray  thee, 
in  Egypt;  30  but  when  I  sleep  with  my  fathers,  thou  shalt 
carry  me  out  of  Egypt,  and  bury  me  in  their  burying-place. 


76       SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH  [  Gn.  47-^o 

And  he  said,  I  will  do  as  thou  hast  said.  31  And  he  said,  Swear 
unto  me:  and  he  sware  unto  him.  And  Israel  bowed  himself 
upon  the  bed's  head. 

48^^  And  Israel  strengthened  himself,  and  sat  upon  the  bed. 
9b  And  he  said,  Bring  them,  I  pray  thee,  unto  me,  and  I  will 
bless  them.  10a  Now  the  eyes  of  Israel  were  dim  for  age,  so 
that  he  could  not  see.  13  And  Joseph  took  them  both,  Ephraim 
in  his  right  hand  toward  Israel's  left  hand,  and  Manasseh  in 
his  left  hand  toward  Israel's  right  hand,  and  brought  them  near 
unto  him.  14  And  Israel  stretched  out  his  right  hand,  and  laid 
it  upon  Ephraim's  head,  who  was  the  younger,  and  his  left 
hand  upon  Manasseh's  head,  guiding  his  hands  wittingly;  for 
Manasseh  was  the  first-born. 

17  And  when  Joseph  saw  that  his  father  laid  his  right  hand 
upon  the  head  of  Ephraim,  it  displeased  him;  and  he  held  up 
his  father's  hand,  to  remove  it  from  Ephraim's  head  unto 
Manasseh's  head.  18  And  Joseph  said  unto  his  father.  Not 
so,  my  father;  for  this  is  the  first-born;  put  thy  right  hand 
upon  his  head.  19  And  his  father  refused,  and  said,  I  know 
it,  my  son,  I  know  it;  he  also  shall  become  a  people,  and  he 
also  shall  be  great:  howbeit  his  younger  brother  shall  be 
greater  than  he,  and  his  seed  shall  become  a  multitude  of 
nations. 

49  ^'^  Gather  yourselves  together,  that  I  may  tell  you  that 
which  shall  befall  you  in  the  latter  days. 

2  Assemble  yourselves,  and  hear,  ye  sons  of  Jacob; 
And  hearken  unto  Israel  your  father. 

3  Reuben,  thou  art  my  first-born,  my  might,  and  the  be- 

ginning of  my  strength; 
The   pre-eminence   of   dignity,    and    the   pre-eminence   of 
power. 

4  Boiling  over  as  water,  thou  shalt  not  have  the  pre-eminence ; 
Because  thou  wentest  up  to  thy  father's  bed ; 

Then  defiledst  thou  it :  he  went  up  to  my  couch. 

5  Simeon  and  Levi  are  brethren; 
Weapons  of  violence  are  their  swords. 

6  O  my  soul,  come  not  thou  into  their  council ; 
Unto  their  assembly,  my  glory,  be  not  thou  united ; 
For  in  their  anger  they  slew  a  man, 

And  in  their  self-will  they  hocked  an  ox. 


"49''  refers  to  J15xii.  491":  the  text  is  corrupt,  translation  uncertain,  exegesis  doubt- 
ful; it  is,  however,  surely  Messianic,  and  is  regarded  as  genuine  by  Pr.,  Gu.,  8e.,  Gr.,  Sk., 
St.,  SB.,  Co.  (10b  gloss):  as  redactional,  by  We.,  Stade,  Di.,  Dr.,  Ho.  w.  11-12  are  re- 
garded as  "eschatological-Messianic"  by  Gr.,  Gu.,  Se.  Cf.  ig^'-^e  with  Dt.  SS'^-ie,  from 
which  this  may  be  taken,  CH.,  Co.,  Ka.,  St.  v.  26  "that  was  separate  from":  read,  as 
in  Am.  Rev.,  margin,  "that  is  prince  among."  "Prince"  means  probably  "the  consecrated 
one"  rather  than  "the  crowned  one" — and  so  may  refer  to  the  Nazirite  vow  rather  than 
to  political  conditions,  Se.,  Gu.,  Mi.,  Co.? 


...4922  ]  J19  77 

7  Cursed  be  their  anger,  for  it  was  fierce; 
And  their  wrath,  for  it  was  cruel : 

I  will  divide  them  in  Jacob, 
And  scatter  them  in  Israel. 

8  Judah,  thee  shall  thy  brethren  praise : 

Thy  hand  shall  be  on  the  neck  of  thine  enemies ; 
Thy  father's  sons  shall  bow  down  before  thee. 

9  Judah  is  a  lion's  whelp ; 

From  the  prey,  my  son,  thou  art  gone  up : 
He  stooped  down,  he  couched  as  a  lion, 
And  as  a  lioness;  who  shall  rouse  him  up? 

10  The  sceptre  shall  not  depart  from  Judah, 
Nor  the  ruler's  staff  from  between  his  feet, 
Until  Shiloh  come; 

And  unto  him  shall  the  obedience  of  the  peoples  be. 

11  Binding  his  foal  unto  the  vine. 

And  his  ass's  colt  unto  the  choice  vine ; 
He  hath  washed  his  garments  in  wine, 
And  his  vesture  in  the  blood  of  grapes : 

12  His  eyes  shall  be  red  with  wine, 
And  his  teeth  white  with  milk. 

13  Zebulun  shall  dwell  at  the  haven  of  the  sea; 
And  he  shall  be  for  a  haven  of  ships ; 

And  his  border  shall  be  upon  Sidon. 

14  Issachar  is  a  strong  ass, 

Couching  down  between  the  sheepfolds: 

15  And  he  saw  a  resting-place  that  it  was  good, 
And  the  land  that  it  was  pleasant ; 

And  he  bowed  his  shoulder  to  bear, 
And  became  a  servant  under  task-work. 

16  Dan  shall  judge  his  people. 
As  one  of  the  tribes  of  Israel. 

17  Dan  shall  be  a  serpent  in  the  way, 
An  adder  in  the  path, 

That  biteth  the  horse's  heels, 

So  that  his  rider  falleth  backward. 

18  I  have  waited  for  thy  salvation,  O  Jehovah. 

19  Gad,  a  troop  shall  press  upon  him ; 
But  he  shall  press  upon  their  heel. 

20  Out  of  Asher  his  bread  shall  be  fat, 
And  he  shall  yield  royal  dainties. 

21  Naphtali  is  a  hind  let  loose: 
He  giveth  goodly  words. 

22  Joseph  is  a  fruitful  bough, 

A  fruitful  bough  by  a  fountain ; 
His  branches  run  over  the  wall. 


78       SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH  [  Gn.  492* 

23  The  archers  have  sorely  grieved  him, 
And  shot  at  him,  and  persecuted  him : 

24  But  his  bow  abode  in  strength. 

And  the  arms  of  his  hands  were  made  strong. 

By  the  hands  of  the  Mighty  One  of  Jacob 

(From  thence  is  the  shepherd,  the  stone  of  Israel), 

25  Even  by  the  God  of  thy  father,  who  shall  help  thee. 
And  by  the  Almighty,  who  shall  bless  thee, 

With  blessings  of  heaven  above, 

Blessings  of  the  deep  that  coucheth  beneath. 

Blessings  of  the  breasts,  and  of  the  womb. 

26  The  blessings  of  thy  father 

Have  prevailed  above  the  blessings  of  my  progenitors 
Unto  the  utmost  bound  of  the  everlasting  hills : 
They  shall  be  on  the  head  of  Joseph, 

And  on  the  crown  of  the  head  of  him  that  was  separate  from 
his  brethren. 

27  Benjamin  is  a  wolf  that  raveneth: 

In  the  morning  he  shall  devour  the  prey. 
And  at  even  he  shall  divide  the  spoil. 
28  All  these  are  the  twelve  tribes  of  Israel:  and  this  is  it 
that  their  father  spake  unto  them  and  blessed  them. 

20.  The  Death  and  Burial  of  Jacob.     E6.     P14. 

Gn.  4933a*  501-1114 

33a*  He  gathered  up  his  feet  into  his  bed.  50i  And  Joseph 
fell  upon  his  father's  face,  and  wept  upon  him,  and  kissed  him. 
2  And  Joseph  commanded  his  servants  the  physicians  to  em- 
balm his  father:  and  the  physicians  embalmed  Israel.  3  And 
forty  days  were  fulfilled  for  him;  for  so  are  fulfilled  the  days 
of  embalming :  and  the  Egyptians  wept  for  him  threescore  and 
ten  days. 

4  And  when  the  days  of  weeping  for  him  were  past,  Joseph 
spake  unto  the  house  of  Pharaoh,  saying,  If  now  I  have  found  fa- 
vor in  your  eyes,  speak,  I  pray  you,  in  the  ears  of  Pharaoh,  saying, 
5  My  father  made  me  swear,  saying,  Lo,  I  die:  in  my  grave 
which  I  have  digged  for  me  in  the  land  of  Canaan,  there  shalt 
thou  bury  me.  Now  therefore  let  me  go  up,  I  pray  thee,  and 
bury  my  father,  and  I  will  come  again.  6  And  Pharaoh  said. 
Go  up,  and  bury  thy  father,  according  as  he  made  thee  swear. 

7  And  Joseph  went  up  to  bury  his  father ;  and  with  him  went 
up  all  the  servants  oi  Pharaoh,  the  elders  of  his  house,  and  all 
the  elders  of  the  land  of  Egypt,  8  and  all  the  house  of  Joseph, 
and  his  brethren,  and  his  father's  house :  only  their  little  ones, 
and  their  flocks,  and  their  herds,  they  left  in  the  land  of  Goshen. 

w  Uncertain  traces  of  E  in  50i-<»'b»-ni»,  Co.,  Gu.,  Pr.,  Smend,  SB.  (2a,  3a,  9,  lOb-11). 


...Ex.  212  ]  Jig-23  79 

9  And  there  went  up  with  him  both  chariots  and  horsemen: 
and  it  was  a  very  great  company.  10  And  they  came  to  the 
threshing-floor  of  Atad,  which  is  beyond  the  Jordan,  and  there 
they  hxmented  with  a  very  great  and  sore  lamentation :  and  he 
made  a  mourning  for  his  father  seven  days.  11  And  when  the 
inhabitants  of  the  land,  the  Canaanites,  saw  the  mourning  in 
the  floor  of  Atad,  they  said.  This  is  a  grievous  mourning  to  the 
Egyptians :  wherefore  the  name  of  it  was  called  Abel-Mizraim, 
which  is  beyond  the  Jordan. 

14  And  Joseph  returned  into  Egypt,  he,  and  his  brethren, 
and  all  that  went  up  with  him  to  bury  his  father,  after  he  had 
buried  his  father 

21.  The  Death  of  Joseph.     E6. 
Ex.  V 

6  And  Joseph  died,  and  all  his  brethren,  and  all  that  genera- 
tion. 

22.  The  Israelites  Oppressed  by  Pharaoh. 

Ex     18-12. 20b 

8  Now  there  arose  a  new  king  over  Egypt,  who  knew  not 
Joseph.  9  And  he  said  unto  his  people,  Behold,  the  people  of 
the  children  of  Israel  are  more  and  mightier  than  we :  10  come, 
let  us  deal  wisely  with  them,  lest  they  multiply,  and  it  come  to 
pass,  that,  when  there  falleth  out  any  war,  they  also  join 
themselves  unto  our  enemies,  and  fight  against  us,  and  get 
them  up  out  of  the  land. 

11  Therefore  they  did  set  over  them  taskmasters  to  aflflict 
them  with  their  burdens.  And  they  built  for  Pharaoh  store- 
cities,  Pithom  and  Raamses.  12  But  the  more  they  afflicted 
them,  the  more  they  multiplied  and  the  more  they  spread 
abroad.  And  they  were  grieved  because  of  the  children  of 
Israel.  20b  And  the  people  multiplied,  and  waxed  very 
mighty. 

23.  Moses  Murders  an  Egyptian. 
Ex.  211-14 

11  And  it  came  to  pass  in  those  days,  when  Moses  was 
grown  up,  that  he  went  out  unto  his  brethren,  and  looked  on 
their  burdens :  and  he  saw  an  Egyptian  smiting  a  Hebrew,  one 
of  his  brethren.  12  And  he  looked  this  way  and  that  way, 
and  when  he  saw  that  there  was  no  man,  he  smote  the  Egyp- 
tian, and  hid  him  in  the  sand. 

"  w.  8-10  E:  Ku.,  Di.,  Ad.  only.  But  w.  9-10  arc  stylistically  similar  to  Gn.  H»-'  J. 
w.  11-12  J:  Dr.,  Ho.,  Se..  CH.,  Ba.,  GFM.,  McN..  Smend,  SB.,  ot  al.  E:  We.,  Co.,  Gr., 
Pr.,  Bii.,  St.,  Ki.,  et  al.    v.  20b  om.  Targums,  Sam.  Pent.;  R:  Ho;  E:  SB.  (after  v.  17). 

"J:  We.,  Co.,  CH.,  Gr.,  Se.,  Ba.,  Ki.,  Pr.,  Meyer,  St.7,  McN..  Smend;  E:Di.,  Ba., 
Ho..  Dr..  GFM.,  St.?.  SB. 


8g       SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH   [  Ex.  2^3 

13  And  he  went  out  on  the  second  day,  and,  behold,  two 
men  of  the  Hebrews  were  striving  together:  and  he  said  to 
him  that  did  the  wrong,  Wherefore  smitest  thou  thy  fellow? 
14  And  he  said,  Who  made  thee  a  prince  and  a  judge  over  us? 
thinkest  thou  to  kill  me,  as  thou  killedst  the  Egyptian?  And 
Moses  feared,  and  said.  Surely  the  thing  is  known. 

24.  Moses  in  the  Land  of  Midian.    Ell.     Vs.  P69,  77. 

24i.  His  Flight. 
Ex.  216 

15  Now  when  Pharaoh  heard  this  thing,  he  sought  to  slay 
Moses.  But  Moses  fled  from  the  face  of  Pharaoh,  and  dwelt  in 
the  land  of  Midian :  and  he  sat  down  by  a  well. 

24ii.  Moses  Marries  Zipporah,  Daughter  of  Reuel,  Priest 
OF  Midian.     Elli. 

Ex.  216-22 

16  Now  the  priest  of  Midian  had  seven  daughters :  and  they 
came  and  drew  water,  and  filled  the  troughs  to  water  their 
father's  flock.  17  And  the  shepherds  came  and  drove  them 
away;  but  Moses  stood  up  and  helped  them,  and  watered 
their  flock.  18  And  when  they  came  to  Reuel  their  father,  he 
said.  How  is  it  that  ye  are  come  so  soon  to-day?  19  And  they 
said.  An  Egyptian  delivered  us  out  of  the  hand  of  the  shep- 
herds, and  moreover  he  drew  water  for  us,  and  watered  the 
flock.  20  And  he  said  unto  his  daughters.  And  where  is  he? 
why  is  it  that  ye  have  left  the  man?  call  him,  that  he  may  eat 
bread.  21  And  Moses  was  content  to  dwell  with  the  man: 
and  he  gave  Moses  Zipporah  his  daughter.  22  And  she  bare  a 
son,  and  he  called  his  name  Gershom;  for  he  said,  I  have  been 
a  sojourner  in  a  foreign  land. 

24iii.   Moses  Commissioned  to   Free  the   Hebrews:  the 
Burning  Bush.     Ellii,  iv.     P18. 

Ex.  2^'*  32-4a.5.7-8.16-18  41-16.19-20a. 22-23 

223  a  ^jj(j  [^  came  to  pass  in  the  course  of  those  many  days, 
that  the  king  of  Egypt  died. 

32  And  the  angel  of  Jehovah  appeared  unto  him  in  a  flame 
of  fire  out  of  the  midst  of  a  bush :  and  he  looked,  and,  behold, 
the  bush  burned  with  fire,  and  the  bush  was  not  consumed. 
3  And  Moses  said,  I  will  turn  aside  now,  and  see  this  great 
sight,  why  the  bush  is  not  burnt.  4  And  when  Jehovah  saw 
that  he  turned  aside  to  see.     5  And  he  said.  Draw  not  nigh 

2<'''  The  lists  of  Canaanitic  nations  (S^b."  and  often  in  J  and  E)  have  generally  been 
regarded  as  Rd  since  We.  and  E.  Meyer  (1881) ;  but  Smend  holds  that  they  are  original 
here  and  frequently  in  J^  and  E. 


...49  ]  J23-24iii  81 

hither :  put  off  thy  shoes  from  off  thy  feet,  for  the  place  whereon 
thou  standest  is  holy  ground. 

7  And  Jehovah  said,  I  have  surely  seen  the  affliction  of  my 
people  that  are  in  Egypt,  and  have  heard  their  cry  by  reason 
of  their  taskmasters;  for  I  know  their  sorrows;  8  and  I  am 
come  down  to  deliver  them  out  of  the  hand  of  the  Egyptians, 
and  to  bring  them  up  out  of  that  land  unto  a  good  land  and  a 
large,  unto  a  land  flowing  with  milk  and  honey ;  unto  the  place 
of  the  Canaanite,  and  the  Hittite,  and  the  Amorite,  and  the  Perizzite, 
and  the  Hivite,  and  the  Jebusite.  16  Go,  and  gather  the  elders  of 
Israel  together,  and  say  unto  them,  Jehovah,  the  God  of  your 
fathers,  the  God  of  Abraham,  of  Isaac,  and  of  Jacob,  hath  ap- 
peared unto  me,  saying,  I  have  surely  visited  you,  and  seen 
that  which  is  done  to  you  in  Egypt :  17  and  I  have  said,  I  will  bring 
you  up  out  of  the  affliction  of  Egypt  unto  the  land  of  the  Canaanite, 
and  the  Hittite,  and  the  Amorite,  and  the  Perizzite,  and  the  Hivite,  and 
the  Jebusite,  unto  a  land  flowing  with  milk  and  honey.  18  And  they 
shall  hearken  to  thy  voice :  and  thou  shalt  come,  thou  and  the 
elders  of  Israel,  unto  the  king  of  Egypt,  and  ye  shall  say  unto 
him,  Jehovah,  the  God  of  the  Hebrews,  hath  met  with  us: 
and  now  let  us  go,  we  pray  thee,  three  days'  journey  into  the 
wilderness,  that  we  may  sacrifice  to  Jehovah  our  God. 

4^  And  Moses  answered  and  said.  But,  behold,  they  will  not 
believe  me,  nor  hearken  unto  my  voice;  for  they  will  say, 
Jehovah  hath  not  appeared  unto  thee. 

2  And  Jehovah  said  unto  him.  What  is  that  in  thy  hand? 
And  he  said,  A  rod.  3  And  he  said.  Cast  it  on  the  ground. 
And  he  cast  it  on  the  ground,  and  it  became  a  serpent;  and 
Moses  fled  from  before  it. 

4  And  Jehovah  said  unto  Moses,  Put  forth  thy  hand,  and 
take  it  by  the  tail  (and  he  put  forth  his  hand,  and  laid  hold  of 
it,  and  it  became  a  rod  in  his  hand) ;  5  that  they  may  believe 
that  Jehovah,  the  God  of  their  fathers,  the  God  of  Abraham, 
the  God  of  Isaac,  and  the  God  of  Jacob,  hath  appeared  unto 
thee. 

6  And  Jehovah  said  furthermore  unto  him,  Put  now  thy 
hand  into  thy  bosom.  And  he  put  his  hand  into  his  bosom: 
and  when  he  took  it  out,  behold,  his  hand  was  leprous,  as 
white  as  snow.  7  And  he  said.  Put  thy  hand  into  thy  bosom 
again.  (And  he  put  his  hand  into  his  bosom  again;  and  when 
he  took  it  out  of  his  bosom,  behold,  it  was  turned  again  as  his 
other  flesh).  8  And  it  shall  come  to  pass,  if  they  will  not  be- 
lieve thee,  neither  hearken  to  the  voice  of  the  first  sign,  that 
they  will  believe  the  voice  of  the  latter  sign.  9  And  it  shall 
come  to  pass,  if  they  will  not  believe  even  these  two  signs, 
neither  hearken  unto  thy  voice,  that  thou  shalt  take  of  the 


82  SOURCES   OF  THE  HEXATEUCH        [Ex.49 

water  of  the  river,  and  pour  it  upon  the  dry  land:  and  the 
water  which  thou  takest  out  of  the  river  shall  become  blood 
upon  the  dry  land. 

10  And  Moses  said  unto  Jehovah,  Oh,  Lord,  I  am  not  elo- 
quent, neither  heretofore,  nor  since  thou  hast  spoken  unto  thy 
servant;  for  I  am  slow  of  speech,  and  of  a  slow  tongue.  11  And 
Jehovah  said  unto  him.  Who  hath  made  man's  mouth?  or  who 
maketh  a  man  dumb,  or  deaf,  or  seeing,  or  blind?  is  it  not  I, 
Jehovah?  12  Now  therefore  go,  and  I  will  be  with  thy  mouth, 
and  teach  thee  what  thou  shalt  speak. 

13  And  he  said,  Oh,  Lord,  send,  I  pray  thee,  by  the  hand  of  him  whom 
thou  wilt  send.  14  And  the  anger  of  Jehovah  was  kindled  against  Moses, 
and  he  said,  Is  there  not  Aaron  thy  brother  the  Levite?  I  know  that 
he  can  speak  well.  And  also,  behold,  he  cometh  forth  to  meet  thee: 
and  when  he  seeth  thee,  he  will  be  glad  in  his  heart.  15  And  thou  shalt 
speak  unto  him,  and  put  the  words  in  his  mouth :  and  I  will  be  with  thy 
mouth,  and  with  his  mouth,  and  will  teach  you  what  ye  shall  do.  16  And 
he  shall  be  thy  spokesman  unto  the  people;  and  it  shall  come  to  pass, 
that  he  shall  be  to  thee  a  mouth,  and  thou  shalt  be  to  him  as  God. 

19  And  Jehovah  said  unto  Moses  in  Midian,  Go,  return  into 
Egypt ;  for  all  the  men  are  dead  that  sought  thy  life.  20a  And 
Moses  took  his  wife  and  his  sons,  and  set  them  upon  an  ass, 
and  he  returned  to  the  land  of  Egypt. 

22  And  thou  shalt  say  unto  Pharaoh,  Thus  saith  Jehovah,  Israel  is  my 
son,  my  first-born:  23  and  I  have  said  unto  thee,  Let  my  son  go,  that 
he  maj'  serve  me;  and  thou  hast  refused  to  let  him  go:  behold,  I  will 
slay  thy  son,  thy  first-born. 

25.  The  Institution  of  Circumcision.    E54. 

Ex.   424-26 

24  And  it  came  to  pass  on  the  way  at  the  lodging-place, 
that  Jehovah  met  him,  and  sought  to  kill  him.  25  Then 
Zipporah  took  a  flint,  and  cut  off  the  foreskin  of  her  son,  and 
cast  it  at  his  feet;  and  she  said,  Surely  a  bridegroom  of  blood 
art  thou  to  me.  26  So  he  let  him  alone.  Then  she  said,  A 
bridegroom  of  blood  art  thou,  because  of  the  circumcision. 

26.  Moses  in  Egypt. 

26i.  Appeal  to  Pharaoh:  Bricks  without  Straw;  Moses's 
Prayer  Answered.     E13i ;  P20,  22. 
Ex.  429-31  53-6-23  51 
429  And  Moses  and  Aaron  went  and  gathered  together  all  the 


»5  "One  of  the  oldest  sections  in  the  Hexateuch"  Addis  et  al. 

26i  429-31  entire  R:  He.  GFM.,  et  al.  5'  E:  Pr.  Traces  of  E  in  56-":  Pr.,  Gr.,  Bii.,  Ho., 
Smend. — Almost  all  critics  agree  that  Aaron  was  probably  unknown  to  the  oldest  J  tradi- 
tion. Aaron  in  a  J  context  is  superfluous,  and  R;  in  Dt.  he  is  mentioned  only  Q^,  10», 
325";  and  in  the  prophets  only  Micah  6<  (We..  Gr.,  Ad..  McN..  Ho..  White  in  HBD.,  SB., 
et  al.). 


...521  ]  J24iii-26i  83 

elders  of  the  children  of  Israel:  30  and  Aaron  spake  all  the 
words  which  Jehovah  had  spoken  unto  Moses,  and  did  the 
signs  in  the  sight  of  the  people.  31  And  the  people  believed: 
and  when  they  heard  that  Jehovah  had  visited  the  children  of 
Israel,  and  that  he  had  seen  their  affliction,  then  they  bowed 
their  heads  and  worshipped. 

5^  And  they  said,  The  God  of  the  Hebrews  hath  met  with 
us:  let  us  go,  we  pray  thee,  three  days'  journey  into  the  wilder- 
ness, and  sacrifice  unto  Jehovah  our  God,  lest  he  fall  upon  us 
with  pestilence  or  with  the  sword. 

5  And  Pharaoh  said,  Behold,  the  people  of  the  land  are  now 
many,  and  ye  make  them  rest  from  their  burdens.  6  And  the 
same  day  Pharaoh  commanded  the  taskmasters  of  the  people, 
and  their  officers,  saying,  7  Ye  shall  no  more  give  the  people 
straw  to  make  brick,  as  heretofore:  let  them  go  and  gather 
straw  for  themselves.  8  And  the  number  of  the  bricks,  which 
they  did  make  heretofore,  ye  shall  lay  upon  them ;  ye  shall  not 
diminish  aught  thereof:  for  they  are  idle;  therefore  they  cry, 
saying,  Let  us  go  and  sacrifice  to  our  God.  9  Let  heavier  work 
be  laid  upon  the  men,  that  they  may  labor  therein;  and  let 
them  not  regard  lying  words. 

10  And  the  taskmasters  of  the  people  went  out,  and  their  offi- 
cers, and  they  spake  to  the  people,  saying,  Thus  saith  Pharaoh, 
I  will  not  give  you  straw.  11  Go  yourselves,  get  you  straw 
where  ye  can  find  it;  for  nought  of  your  work  shall  be  dimin- 
ished. 12  So  the  people  were  scattered  abroad  throughout  all 
the  land  of  Egypt  to  gather  stubble  for  straw.  13  And  the 
taskmasters  were  urgent,  saying.  Fulfil  your  works,  your  daily 
tasks,  as  when  there  was  straw.  14  And  the  officers  of  the  chil- 
dren of  Israel,  whom  Pharaoh's  taskmasters  had  set  over  them,  were 
beaten,  and  demanded,  Wherefore  have  ye  not  fulfilled  your 
task  both  yesterday  and  to-day,  in  making  brick  as  heretofore? 

15  Then  the  officers  of  the  children  of  Israel  came  and  cried 
unto  Pharaoh,  saying.  Wherefore  dealest  thou  thus  with  thy 
servants?  16  There  is  no  straw  given  unto  thy  servants,  and 
they  say  to  us.  Make  brick:  and,  behold,  thy  servants  are 
beaten;  but  the  fault  is  in  thine  own  people.  17  But  he  said, 
Ye  are  idle,  ye  are  idle :  therefore  ye  say.  Let  us  go  and  sacrifice 
to  Jehovah.  18  Go  therefore  now,  and  work;  for  there  shall 
no  straw  be  given  you,  yet  shall  ye  deliver  the  number  of 
bricks.  19  And  the  officers  of  the  children  of  Israel  did  see  that 
they  were  in  evil  case,  when  it  was  said,  Ye  shall  not  diminish 
aught  from  your  bricks,  your  daily  tasks.  20  And  they  met 
Moses  and  Aaron,  who  stood  in  the  way,  as  they  came  forth  from 
Pharaoh:  21  and  they  said  unto  them,  Jehovah  look  upon 
you,  and  judge;  because  ye  have  made  our  savor  to  be  ab- 


84  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH       [  Ex.  5^1 

horred  in  the  eyes  of  Pharaoh,  and  in  the  eyes  of  his  servants, 
to  put  a  sword  in  their  hand  to  slay  us. 

22  And  Moses  returned  unto  Jehovah,  and  said,  Lord,  where- 
fore hast  thou  dealt  ill  with  this  people?  why  is  it  that  thou 
hast  sent  me?  23  For  since  I  came  to  Pharaoh  to  speak  in  thy 
name,  he  hath  dealt  ill  with  this  people;  neither  hast  thou  de- 
livered thy  people  at  all. 

6^  And  Jehovah  said  unto  Moses,  Now  shalt  thou  see  what 
I  will  do  to  Pharaoh :  for  by  a  strong  hand  shall  he  let  them  go, 
and  by  a  strong  hand  shall  he  drive  them  out  of  his  land. 

26ii.  The  First  Plague  :  Nile  Becomes  Foul.    E13ii.   P23i. 

gjj     yi4-15a.l6-17a. IS. 21a. 24-25 

14  And  Jehovah  said  unto  Moses,  Pharaoh's  heart  is  stub- 
born, he  refuseth  to  let  the  people  go.  15a  Get  thee  unto 
Pharaoh  in  the  morning;  lo,  he  goeth  out  unto  the  water. 
16  And  thou  shalt  say  unto  him,  Jehovah,  the  God  of  the 
Hebrews,  hath  sent  me  unto  thee,  saying.  Let  my  people  go, 
that  they  may  serve  me  in  the  wilderness:  and,  behold,  hith- 
erto thou  hast  not  hearkened.  17a  Thus  saith  Jehovah,  In 
this  shalt  thou  know  that  I  am  Jehovah.  18  And  the  fish 
that  are  in  the  river  shall  die,  and  the  river  shall  become  foul ; 
and  the  Egyptians  shall  loathe  to  drink  water  from  the  river. 

21a  And  the  fish  that  were  in  the  river  died;  and  the  river 
became  foul,  and  the  Egyptians  could  not  drink  water  from  the 
river.  24  And  all  the  Egyptians  digged  round  about  the  river 
for  water  to  drink;  for  they  could  not  drink  of  the  water  of 
the  river.  25  And  seven  days  were  fulfilled,  after  that  Jeho- 
vah had  smitten  the  river. 

26iii.  The  Second  Plague:  Frogs.    P23ii. 

Ex.  8i-4-«-i5'' 

1  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  Go  in  unto  Pharaoh,  and 
say  unto  him.  Thus  saith  Jehovah,  Let  my  people  go,  that 
they  may  serve  me.  2  And  if  thou  refuse  to  let  them  go,  be- 
hold, I  will  smite  all  thy  borders  with  frogs:  3  and  the  river 
shall  swarm  with  frogs,  which  shall  go  up  and  come  into  thy 
house,  and  into  thy  bedchamber,  and  upon  thy  bed,  and  into 
the  house  of  thy  servants,  and  upon  thy  people,  and  into  thine 
ovens,  and  into  thy  kneading-troughs :  4  and  the  frogs  shall 
come  up  both  upon  thee,  and  upon  thy  people,  and  upon  all 
thy  servants. 

8  Then  Pharaoh  called  for  Moses  and  Aaron,  and  said.  Entreat 

26ii  717a  R;  "many  critics"  Dr.;  so  Ho.,  Kent.    But  J:  McN.,  Or.,  Smend,  et  al. 

26iii  V.  10b  Rd  or  Rje.  In  v.  15a,  J's  word  for  "hardened"  means  "made  heavy"  (Am. 
Rev.,  margin).  E's  word,  e.g.,  10^',  means  "to  make  strong";  P's,  e.  g.,  7^',  means  "to  be 
strong."    The  translation  in  the  text  obscures  these  differences. 


...828  ]  J26i-iv  85 

Jehovah,  that  he  take  away  the  frogs  from  me,  and  from  my 
people;  and  I  will  let  the  people  go,  that  they  may  sacrifice 
unto  Jehovah.  9  And  Moses  said  unto  Pharaoh,  Have  thou 
this  glory  over  me:  against  what  time  shall  I  entreat  for  thee, 
and  for  thy  servants,  and  for  thy  people,  that  the  frogs  be 
destroyed  from  thee  and  thy  houses,  and  remain  in  the  river 
only?  10  And  he  said,  Against  to-morrow.  And  he  said,  Be 
it  according  to  thy  word ;  that  thou  mayest  know  that  there  is  none 
Hke  unto  Jehovah  our  God.  11  And  the  frogs  shall  depart  from 
thee,  and  from  thy  houses,  and  from  thy  servants,  and  from  thy 
people;  they  shall  remain  in  the  river  only.  12  And  Moses 
and  Aaron  went  out  from  Pharaoh :  and  Moses  cried  unto  Jeho- 
vah concerning  the  frogs  which  he  had  brought  upon  Pharaoh. 
13  And  Jehovah  did  according  to  the  word  of  Moses;  and  the 
frogs  died  out  of  the  houses,  out  of  the  courts,  and  out  of  the 
fields.  14  And  they  gat  hered  them  together  in  heaps ;  and  the 
land  stank.  15  But  when  Pharaoh  saw  that  there  was  respite, 
he  hardened  his  heart. 

26iv.  The  Third  Plague  :  Flies.     (J  only). 

Ex.   820-32 

20  And  Jehovah  said  unto  Moses,  Rise  up  early  in  the  morn- 
ing, and  stand  before  Pharaoh;  lo,  he  cometh  forth  to  the 
water;  and  say  unto  him.  Thus  saith  Jehovah,  Let  my  people 
go,  that  they  may  serve  me.  21  Else,  if  thou  wilt  not  let  my 
people  go,  behold,  I  will  send  swarms  of  flies  upon  thee,  and 
upon  thy  servants,  and  upon  thy  people,  and  into  thy  houses : 
and  the  houses  of  the  Egyptians  shall  be  full  of  swarms  of  flies, 
and  also  the  ground  whereon  they  are.  22  And  I  will  set 
apart  in  that  day  the  land  of  Goshen,  in  which  my  people 
dwell,  that  no  swarms  of  flies  shall  be  there;  to  the  end  thou 
mayest  know  that  I  am  Jehovah  in  the  midst  of  the  earth. 
23  And  I  will  put  a  division  between  my  people  and  thy  peo- 
ple :  by  to-morrow  shall  this  sign  be.  24  And  Jehovah  did  so ; 
and  there  came  grievous  swarms  of  flies  into  the  house  of 
Pharaoh,  and  into  his  servants'  houses:  and  in  all  the  land  of 
Egypt  the  land  was  corrupted  by  reason  of  the  swarms  of 
flies. 

25  And  Pharaoh  called  for  Moses  and  for  Aaron,  and  said.  Go 
ye,  sacrifice  to  your  God  in  the  land.  26  And  Moses  said,  It  is 
not  meet  so  to  do ;  for  we  shall  sacrifice  the  abomination  of  the 
Egyptians  to  Jehovah  our  God :  lo,  shall  we  sacrifice  the  abom- 
ination of  the  Egyptians  before  their  eyes,  and  will  they  not 
stone  us?  27  We  will  go  three  days'  journey  into  the  wilder- 
ness, and  sacrifice  to  Jehovah  our  God,  as  he  shall  command 
us.    28  And  Pharaoh  said,  I  will  let  you  go,  that  ye  may  sacri- 


86       SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH   [  Ex.  S^s 

fice  to  Jehovah  your  God  in  the  wilderness;  only  ye  shall  not 
go  very  far  away:  entreat  for  me.  29  And  Moses  said,  Be- 
hold, I  go  out  from  thee,  and  I  will  entreat  Jehovah  that  the 
swarms  of  flies  may  depart  from  Pharaoh,  from  his  servants, 
and  from  his  people,  to-morrow :  only  let  not  Pharaoh  deal  de- 
ceitfully any  more  in  not  letting  the  people  go  to  sacrifice  to 
Jehovah.  30  And  Moses  went  out  from  Pharaoh,  and  en- 
treated Jehovah.  31  And  Jehovah  did  according  to  the  word 
of  Moses;  and  he  removed  the  swarms  of  flies  from  Pharaoh, 
from  his  servants,  and  from  his  people;  there  remained  not 
one.  32  And  Pharaoh  hardened  his  heart  this  time  also,  and 
he  did  not  let  the  people  go, 

26v.  The  Fourth  Plague:  Murrain.     (J  only). 

Ex.  91-' 

1  Then  Jehovah  said  unto  Moses,  Go  in  unto  Pharaoh,  and 
tell  him.  Thus  saith  Jehovah,  the  God  of  the  Hebrews,  Let  my 
people  go,  that  they  may  serve  me.  2  For  if  thou  refuse  to  let 
them  go,  and  wilt  hold  them  still,  3  behold,  the  hand  of  Jeho- 
vah is  upon  thy  cattle  which  are  in  the  field,  upon  the  horses, 
upon  the  asses,  upon  the  camels,  upon  the  herds,  and  upon  the 
flocks :  there  shall  be  a  very  grievous  murrain.  4  And  Jehovah 
shall  make  a  distinction  between  the  cattle  of  Israel  and  the 
cattle  of  Egypt;  and  there  shall  nothing  die  of  all  that  be- 
longeth  to  the  children  of  Israel.  5  And  Jehovah  appointed  a 
set  time,  saying.  To-morrow  Jehovah  shall  do  this  thing  in  the 
land.  6  And  Jehovah  did  that  thing  on  the  morrow ;  and  all  the 
cattle  of  Egypt  died ;  but  of  the  cattle  of  the  children  of  Israel 
died  not  one.  7  And  Pharaoh  sent,  and,  behold,  there  was 
not  so  much  as  one  of  the  cattle  of  the  Israelites  dead.  But 
the  heart  of  Pharaoh  was  stubborn,  and  he  did  not  let  the  peo- 
ple go. 

26vi.  The  Fifth  Plague:  Hail.     E13iii. 

Ex     913-21. 23b. 24b. 25b-34 

13  And  Jehovah  said  unto  Moses,  Rise  up  early  in  the  morn- 
ing, and  stand  before  Pharaoh,  and  say  unto  him,  Thus  saith 
Jehovah,  the  God  of  the  Hebrews,  Let  my  people  go,  that  they 
may  serve  me.  14  For  I  will  this  time  send  all  my  plagues  upon  thy 
heart,  and  upon  thy  servants,  and  upon  thy  people;  that  thou  mayest 
know  that  there  is  none  like  me  in  all  the  earth.  15  For  now  I  had  put 
forth  my  hand,  and  smitten  thee  and  thy  people  with  pestilence,  and  thou 
hadst  been  cut  off  from  the  earth:  16  but  in  very  deed  for  this  cause  have 
I  made  thee  to  stand,  to  show  thee  my  power,  and  that  my  name  may 


M»'  w.  31-32  J:  Dr.,  Ba.,  McN.,  Smend. 


...102]  J26iv-vii  87 

be  declared  throughout  all  the  earth.  17  As  yet  exaltest  thou  thy- 
self against  my  people,  that  thou  wilt  not  let  them  go?  18 
Behold,  to-morrow  about  this  time  I  will  cause  it  to  rain  a 
very  grievous  hail,  such  as  hath  not  been  in  Egypt  since  the 
day  it  was  founded  even  until  now.  19  Now  therefore  send, 
hasten  in  thy  cattle  and  all  that  thou  hast  in  the  field;  for  every  man 
and  beast  that  shall  be  found  in  the  field,  and  shall  not  be  brought 
home,  the  hail  shall  come  down  upon  them,  and  they  shall  die.  20  He 
that  feared  the  word  of  Jehovah  among  the  servants  of  Pharaoh  made 
his  servants  and  his  cattle  flee  into  the  houses:  21  and  he  that  re- 
garded not  the  word  of  Jehovah  left  his  servants  and  his  cattle  in 
the  field. 

23b  And  Jehovah  sent  thunder  and  hail,  and  fire  ran  down 
unto  the  earth;  and  Jehovah  rained  hail  upon  the  land  of 
Egypt, — 24b  very  grievous,  such  as  had  not  been  in  all  the 
land  of  Egypt  since  it  became  a  nation.  25b  And  the  hail 
smote  every  herb  of  the  field,  and  brake  every  tree  of  the 
field.  26  Only  in  the  land  of  Goshen,  where  the  children  of 
Israel  were,  was  there  no  hail. 

27  And  Pharaoh  sent,  and  called  for  Moses  and  Aaron,  and 
said  unto  them,  I  have  sinned  this  time :  Jehovah  is  righteous, 
and  I  and  my  people  are  wicked.  28  Entreat  Jehovah;  for 
there  hath  been  enough  of  these  mighty  thunderings  and  hail ; 
and  I  will  let  you  go,  and  ye  shall  stay  no  longer.  29  And 
Moses  said  unto  him.  As  soon  as  I  am  gone  out  of  the  city,  I 
will  spread  abroad  my  hands  unto  Jehovah ;  the  thunders  shall 
cease,  neither  shall  there  be  any  more  hail ;  that  thou  mayest 
know  that  the  earth  is  Jehovah's.  30  But  as  for  thee  and  thy 
servants,  I  know  that  ye  will  not  yet  fear  Jehovah  God.  31  And 
the  flax  and  the  barley  were  smitten:  for  the  barley  was  in  the  ear,  and 
the  flax  was  in  bloom.  32  But  the  wheat  and  the  spelt  were  not  smitten: 
for  they  were  not  grown  up.  33  And  Moses  went  out  of  the  city 
from  Pharaoh,  and  spread  abroad  his  hands  unto  Jehovah :  and 
the  thunders  and  hail  ceased,  and  the  rain  was  not  poured 
upon  the  earth.  34  And  when  Pharaoh  saw  that  the  rain  and 
th(>  hail  and  the  thunders  were  ceased,  he  sinned  yet  more, 
and  hardened  his  heart,  he  and  his  servants.  35  And  the  heart 
of  Pharaoh  was  hardened,  and  he  did  not  let  the  children  of 
Israel  go ;  as  Jehovah  had  spoken  by  Moses. 

26vii.  The  Sixth  Plague:  Locusts.     E13iv. 
Ex   \o^-^^-^^^-^^^-^^^-^^<^-^^ 

1  And  Jehovah  said  unto  Moses,  Go  in  unto  Pharaoh:  for 
I  have  hardened  his  heart,  and  the  heart  of  his  servants,  that  I  may  show 
these  my  signs  in  the  midst  of  them,  2  and  that  thou  mayest  tell  in  the 
ears  of  thy  eon,  and  of  thy  son's  son,  what  things  I  have  wrought  upon 


88       SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH   [  Ex.  lO" 

Egypt,  and  my  signs  which  I  have  done  among  them;  that  ye  may  know 
that  I  am  Jehovah.  3  And  Moses  and  Aaron  went  in  unto  Pharaoh, 
and  said  unto  him,  Thus  saith  Jehovah,  the  God  of  the  Hebrews, 
How  long  wilt  thou  refuse  to  humble  thyself  before  me?  let  my 
people  go,  that  they  may  serve  me.  4  Else,  if  thou  refuse  to 
let  my  people  go,  behold,  to-morrow  will  I  bring  locusts  into 
thy  border:  5  and  they  shall  cover  the  face  of  the  earth,  so 
that  one  shall  not  be  able  to  see  the  earth:  and  they  shall 
eat  the  residue  of  that  which  is  escaped,  which  remaineth  unto 
you  from  the  hail,  and  shall  eat  every  tree  which  groweth  for 
you  out  of  the  field:  6  and  thy  houses  shall  be  filled,  and  the 
houses  of  all  thy  servants,  and  the  houses  of  all  the  Egyptians; 
as  neither  thy  fathers  nor  thy  fathers'  fathers  have  seen,  since 
the  day  that  they  were  upon  the  earth  unto  this  day.  And  he 
turned,  and  went  out  from  Pharaoh. 

7  And  Pharaoh's  servants  said  unto  him.  How  long  shall  this 
man  be  a  snare  unto  us?  let  the  men  go,  that  they  may  serve 
Jehovah  their  God:  knowest  thou  not  yet  that  Egypt  is  de- 
stroyed? 8  And  Moses  and  Aaron  were  brought  again  unto  Pha- 
raoh :  and  he  said  unto  them,  Go,  serve  Jehovah  your  God ;  but 
who  are  they  that  shall  go?  9  And  Moses  said.  We  will  go  with 
our  young  and  with  our  old;  and  with  our  sons  and  with  our 
daughters,  with  our  flocks  and  with  our  herds  will  we  go;  for 
we  must  hold  a  feast  unto  Jehovah.  10  And  he  said  unto 
them.  So  be  Jehovah  with  you,  as  I  will  let  you  go,  and  your 
little  ones:  look  to  it;  for  evil  is  before  you.  11  Not  so:  go 
now  ye  that  are  men,  and  serve  Jehovah ;  for  that  is  what  ye 
desire.    And  they  were  driven  out  from  Pharaoh's  presence. 

13b  And  Jehovah  brought  an  east  wind  upon  the  land  all 
that  day,  and  all  the  night;  and  when  it  was  morning,  the 
east  wind  brought  the  locusts;  14b  and  rested  in  all  the  bor- 
ders of  Egypt;  very  grievous  were  they;  before  them  there 
were  no  such  locusts  as  they,  neither  after  them  shall  be  such. 
15a  For  they  covered  the  face  of  the  whole  earth,  so  that  the 
land  was  darkened.  15c  And  there  remained  not  any  green 
thing,  either  tree  or  herb  of  the  field,  through  all  the  land  of 
Egypt. 

16  Then  Pharaoh  called  for  Moses  and  Aaron  in  haste;  and 
he  said,  I  have  sinned  against  Jehovah  your  God,  and  against 
you.  17  Now  therefore  forgive,  I  pray  thee,  my  sins  only 
this  once,  and  entreat  Jehovah  your  God,  that  he  may  take 
away  from  me  this  death  only.  18  And  he  went  out  from 
Pharaoh,  and  entreated  Jehovah.  19  And  Jehovah  turned  an 
exceeding  strong  west  wind,  which  took  up  the  locusts,  and 
drove  them  into  the  Red  Sea ;  there  remained  not  one  locust  in 
all  the  border  of  Egypt. 


...1223  ]  J26vii-ix  89 

26viii.  The  Seventh  Plague  Threatened:  the  First-born. 
J24iii.     E13vi.     P23v. 

Ex     102''-26. 28-29    ]^14-8 

10^^  And  Pharaoh  called  unto  Moses,  and  said,  Go  ye,  serve 
Jehovah ;  only  let  your  flocks  and  your  herds  be  stayed :  let 
your  little  ones  also  go  with  you.  25  And  Moses  said,  Thou 
must  also  give  into  our  hand  sacrifices  and  burnt-offerings, 
that  we  may  sacrifice  unto  Jehovah  our  God.  26  Our  cattle 
also  shall  go  with  us;  there  shall  not  a  hoof  be  left  behind; 
for  thereof  must  we  take  to  serve  Jehovah  our  God;  and  we 
know  not  with  what  we  must  serve  Jehovah,  until  we  come 
thither. 

28  And  Pharaoh  said  unto  him.  Get  thee  from  me,  take 
heed  to  thyself,  see  my  face  no  more;  for  in  the  day  thou 
seest  my  face  thou  shalt  die.  29  And  Moses  said.  Thou  hast 
spoken  well ;  I  will  see  thy  face  again  no  more. 

11^  And  Moses  said.  Thus  saith  Jehovah,  About  midnight 
will  I  go  out  into  the  midst  of  Egypt :  5  and  all  the  first-born 
in  the  land  of  Egypt  shall  die,  from  the  first-born  of  Pharaoh 
that  sitteth  upon  his  throne,  even  unto  the  first-born  of  the 
maid-servant  that  is  behind  the  mill;  and  all  the  first-born  of 
cattle.  6  And  there  shall  be  a  great  cry  throughout  all  the 
land  of  Egypt,  such  as  there  hath  not  been,  nor  shall  be  any 
more.  7  But  against  any  of  the  children  of  Israel  shall  not  a 
dog  move  his  tongue,  against  man  or  beast :  that  ye  may  know 
how  that  Jehovah  doth  make  a  distinction  between  the  Egyp- 
tians and  Israel.  8  And  all  these  thy  servants  shall  come 
down  unto  me,  and  bow  down  themselves  unto  me,  saying, 
Get  thee  out,  and  all  the  people  that  follow  thee:  and  after 
that  I  will  go  out.  And  he  went  out  from  Pharaoh  in  hot 
anger. 

26ix.  Passover  Instituted  in  Connection  with  the  Slay- 
ing OF  the  First-born.     P23v. 

Ex.    1221-27.29-34 

21  Then  Moses  called  for  all  the  elders  of  Israel,  and  said 
unto  them.  Draw  out,  and  take  you  lambs  according  to  your 
families,  and  kill  the  passover.  22  And  ye  shall  take  a  bunch 
of  hyssop,  and  dip  it  in  the  blood  that  is  in  the  basin,  and  strike 
the  lintel  and  the  two  side-posts  with  the  blood  that  is  in  the 
basin;  and  none  of  you  shall  go  out  of  the  door  of  his  house 
until  the  morning,    23  For  Jehovah  will  pass  through  to  smite 


joviii  1024-20. 28-J«.  E:  Ad.,  Pr.  only.— We.,  JUL,  Smcnd,  et  al.,  believe  that  the  origin  of 
this  plague  lies  in  an  ancient  custom  of  offerinK  the  first-born  to  Jehovah  at  Easter  time. 

2«u  1221-27,.  Rfi:  Ba.,  Bii..  St.,  Kent,  Smcnd;  Hje:  Ho.— vv.  21-27  entire  U:  Jul.,  Co.. 
Bu.,  Gr.;  later  than  JE,  but  before  P:  We.— v.  31a  E:  Dr.,  Ba.,  Co.,  Bii.,  Smcnd.— w. 
31b-34E:  Dr.,  Se.,  St. 


90       SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH  [  Ex.  12^3 

the  Egyptians;  and  when  he  seeth  the  blood  upon  the  Hntel, 
and  on  the  two  side-posts,  Jehovah  will  pass  over  the  door,  and 
will  not  suffer  the  destroyer  to  come  in  unto  your  houses  to 
smite  you.  24  And  ye  shall  observe  this  thing  for  an  ordinance  to  thee 
and  to  thy  sons  for  ever.  25  And  it  shall  come  to  pass,  when  ye  are  come  to 
the  land  which  Jehovah  will  give  you,  according  as  he  hath  promised,  that 
ye  shall  keep  this  service.  26  And  it  shall  come  to  pass,  when  yom-  chil- 
dren shall  say  unto  you,  What  mean  ye  by  this  service?  27  that  ye  shall 
say.  It  is  the  sacrifice  of  Jehovah's  passover,  who  passed  over  the  houses 
of  the  children  of  Israel  in  Egypt,  when  he  smote  the  Egyptians,  and  de- 
livered our  houses.  And  the  people  bowed  the  head  and  wor- 
shipped. 

29  And  it  came  to  pass  at  midnight,  that  Jehovah  smote 
all  the  first-born  in  the  land  of  Egypt,  from  the  first-born  of 
Pharaoh  that  sat  on  his  throne  unto  the  first-born  of  the  cap- 
tive that  was  in  the  dungeon;  and  all  the  first-born  of  cattle. 
30  And  Pharaoh  rose  up  in  the  night,  he,  and  all  his  servants, 
and  all  the  Egyptians;  and  there  was  a  great  cry  in  Egypt; 
for  there  was  not  a  house  where  there  was  not  one  dead.  31  And 
he  called  for  Moses  and  Aaron  by  night,  and  said,  Rise  up,  get 
you  forth  from  among  my  people,  both  ye  and  the  children  of 
Israel ;  and  go,  serve  Jehovah,  as  ye  have  said.  32  Take  both 
your  flocks  and  your  herds,  as  ye  have  said,  and  be  gone ;  and 
bless  me  also.  33  And  the  Egyptians  were  urgent  upon  the 
people,  to  send  them  out  of  the  land  in  haste;  for  they  said. 
We  are  all  dead  men.  34  And  the  people  took  their  dough 
before  it  was  leavened,  their  kneading-troughs  being  bound  up 
in  their  clothes  upon  their  shoulders. 

26x.  Exodus  from  Egypt.     E13viii.     P24. 

Ex     12^''''"3^   ]^33-16. 21-22 

12^^''  .  .  .  about  six  hundred  thousand  on  foot  that  were 
men,  besides  children.  38  And  a  mixed  multitude  went  up 
also  with  them ;  and  flocks,  and  herds,  even  very  much  cattle. 

39  And  they  baked  unleavened  cakes  of  the  dough  which 
they  brought  forth  out  of  Egypt;  for  it  was  not  leavened,  be- 
cause they  were  thrust  out  of  Egypt,  and  could  not  tarry, 
neither  had  they  prepared  for  themselves  any  victuals. 

13^  And  Moses  said  unto  the  people,  Remember  this  day,  in  which  ye 
came  out  from  Egypt,  out  of  the  house  of  bondage;  for  by  strength  of 
hand  Jehovah  brought  you  out  from  this  place:  there  shall  no  leavened 
bread  be  eaten.  4  This  day  ye  go  forth  in  the  month  Abib.  5  And  it 
shall  be,  when  Jehovah  shall  bring  thee  into  the  land  of  the  Canaanite, 
and  the  Hittite,  and  the  Amorite,  and  the  Hivite,  and  the  Jebusite,  which 
he  sware  unto  thy  fathers  to  give  thee,  a  land  flowing  with  milk  and  honey, 

Ml  123'  E:  Dr.,  Co.,  Ho..  Be.— 133-i6  R:  all,  except  Di.,  J  (cf.  Dr.  123). 


...14'i]  J26ix-27  91 

that  thou  shalt  keep  this  service  in  this  month.  6  Seven  days  thou  shalt 
eat  unleavened  bread,  and  in  the  seventh  day  shall  be  a  feast  to  Jehovah. 
7  Unleavened  bread  shall  be  eaten  throughout  the  seven  days;  and  there 
shall  no  leavened  bread  be  seen  with  thee,  neither  shall  there  be  leaven 
seen  with  thee,  in  all  thy  borders.  8  And  thou  shalt  tell  thy  son  in  that 
day,  saying.  It  is  because  of  that  which  Jehovah  did  for  me  when  I  came 
forth  out  of  Egypt.  9  And  it  shall  be  for  a  sign  unto  thee  upon  thy  hand, 
and  for  a  memorial  between  thine  eyes,  that  the  law  of  Jehovah  may  be 
in  thy  mouth:  for  with  a  strong  hand  hath  Jehovah  brought  thee  out  of 
EgjTit.  10  Thou  shalt  therefore  keep  this  ordinance  in  its  season  from 
year  to  year. 

11  And  it  shall  be,  when  Jehovah  shall  bring  thee  into  the  land  of  the 
Canaanitc,  as  he  sware  unto  thee  and  to  thy  fathers,  and  shall  give  it  thee, 
12  that  thou  shalt  set  apart  unto  Jehovah  all  that  opencth  the  womb,  and 
every  firstling  which  thou  hast  that  cometh  of  a  beast;  the  males  shall  be 
Jehovah's.  13  And  every  firstling  of  an  ass  thou  shalt  redeem  with  a 
lamb;  and  if  thou  wilt  not  redeem  it,  then  thou  shalt  break  its  neck:  and 
all  the  first-born  of  man  among  thy  sons  shalt  thou  redeem.  14  And  it 
shall  be,  when  thy  son  asketh  thee  in  time  to  come,  saying,  What  is  this? 
that  thou  shalt  say  unto  him,  By  strength  of  hand  Jehovah  brought  us 
out  from  Egypt,  from  the  house  of  bondage:  15  and  it  came  to  pass,  when 
Pharaoh  would  hardly  let  us  go,  that  Jehovah  slew  all  the  first-born  in  the 
land  of  Egypt,  both  the  first-born  of  man,  and  the  first-born  of  beast: 
therefore  I  sacrifice  to  Jehovah  all  that  openeth  the  womb,  being  males; 
but  all  the  first-born  of  my  sons  I  redeem.  16  And  it  shall  be  for  a  sign 
ui)on  thy  hand,  and  for  frontlets  between  thine  eyes:  for  by  strength  of 
hand  Jehovah  brought  us  forth  out  of  Egjqjt. 

21  And  Jehovah  went  before  them  by  day  in  a  pillar  of 
cloud,  to  lead  them  the  way,  and  by  night  in  a  pillar  of  fire,  to 
give  them  light;  that  they  might  go  by  day  and  by  night: 
22  the  pillar  of  cloud  by  day,  and  the  pillar  of  fire  by  night, 
departed  not  from  before  the  people. 

27.  Escape  by  Crossing  the  Red  Sea.     E14,  16. 

Ex     145-6 -lOa.  11- 14. 19b-20. 21b. 24. 25b. 27b. 28b. 30-31 

5  And  it  was  told  the  king  of  Egypt  that  the  people  were 
fled :  and  the  heart  of  Pharaoh  and  of  his  servants  was  changed 
towards  the  people,  and  they  said.  What  is  this  we  have  done, 
that  we  have  let  Israel  go  from  serving  us?  6  And  he  made 
ready  his  chariot  and  took  his  people  with  him. 

10a  And  when  Pharaoh  drew  nigh,  the  children  of  Israel 
lifted  up  their  eyes,  and,  l)ehold,  the  Egj^itians  were  marching 
after  them;  and  they  were  sore  afraid.  11  And  they  said  imto 
Moses,  Because  there  were  no  graves  in  Egyf)t,  h;ist  thou  taken 
us  away  to  die  in  the  wilderness?  wherefore  hast  thou  dealt 

"  V.  20  JE:  analysis  uncertain.— v.  31  E:  Ba.?,  Pr. ;  R:  Gr.,  CH.,  Bii.,  McN. 


92       SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH  [  Ex.  M^i 

thus  with  us,  to  bring  us  forth  out  of  the  land  of  Egypt?  12  Is 
not  this  the  word  that  we  spake  unto  thee  in  Egypt,  saying. 
Let  us  alone,  that  we  may  serve  the  Egyptians?  For  it 
were  better  for  us  to  serve  the  Egyptians,  than  that  we 
should  die  in  the  wilderness.  13  And  Moses  said  unto  the 
people,  Fear  ye  not,  stand  still,  and  see  the  salvation  of  Je- 
hovah, which  he  will  work  for  you  to-day:  for  the  Egyp- 
tians whom  ye  have  seen  to-day,  ye  shall  see  them  again  no 
more  for  ever,  14  Jehovah  will  fight  for  you,  and  ye  shall  hold 
your  peace. 

19b  And  the  pillar  of  cloud  removed  from  before  them,  and 
stood  behind  them:  20  and  it  came  between  the  camp  of 
Egypt  and  the  camp  of  Israel ;  and  there  was  the  cloud  and 
the  darkness,  yet  gave  it  light  by  night:  and  the  one  came 
not  near  the  other  all  the  night. 

21b  And  Jehovah  caused  the  sea  to  go  back  by  a  strong  east 
wind  all  the  night,  and  made  the  sea  dry  land.  24  And  it  came 
to  pass  in  the  morning  watch,  that  Jehovah  looked  forth  upon 
the  host  of  the  Egyptians  through  the  pillar  of  fire  and  of 
cloud,  and  discomfited  the  host  of  the  Egyptians ;  25b  so  that 
the  Egyptians  said.  Let  us  flee  from  the  face  of  Israel;  for 
Jehovah  fighteth  for  them  against  the  Egyptians. 

27b  And  the  sea  returned  to  its  strength  when  the  morning 
appeared;  and  the  Egyptians  fled  against  it;  and  Jehovah 
overthrew  the  Egyptians  in  the  midst  of  the  sea.  28b  There 
remained  not  so  much  as  one  of  them. 

30  Thus  Jehovah  saved  Israel  that  day  out  of  the  hand  of 
the  Egyptians;  and  Israel  saw  the  Egjrptians  dead  upon  the 
sea-shore.  31  And  Israel  saw  the  great  work  which  Jehovah 
did  upon  the  Egyptians,  and  the  people  feared  Jehovah:  and 
they  believed  in  Jehovah,  and  in  his  servant  Moses. 

28.  Waters  of  Marah  and  Elim.     E18. 

Ex.    1522-25a.27 

22  And  Moses  led  Israel  onward  from  the  Red  Sea,  and 
they  went  out  into  the  wilderness  of  Shur;  and  they  went 
three  days  in  the  wilderness,  and  found  no  water.  23  And 
when  they  came  to  Marah,  they  could  not  drink  of  the  waters 
of  Marah,  for  they  were  bitter:  therefore  the  name  of  it  was 
called  Marah.  24  And  the  people  murmured  against  Moses, 
saying,  What  shall  we  drink?  25a  And  he  cried  unto  Jehovah ; 
and  Jehovah  showed  him  a  tree,  and  he  cast  it  into  the  waters, 
and  the  waters  were  made  sweet. 

27  And  they  came  to  Elim,  where  were  twelve  springs  of 

"The  analysis  in  Ex.  IS^^-IS  is  unusually  difficult  and  doubtful. — v.  27  P:  Noldeke, 
Di.,  Ki.,  Gr.,  St.;  E:  Co.,  Ki.  (in  part). 


...19^  ]  J27-31  93 

\vat(T,  and  threescore  and  ten  palm-trees:  and  they  encamped 
there  by  the  waters. 

29.  Bread  from  Heaven.    J36.     P29. 

Ex     l()4-5-13b-15a.21 

4  Then  said  Jehovah  unto  Moses,  Behold,  I  will  rain  bread 
from  heaven  for  you ;  and  the  people  shall  go  out  and  gather  a 
day's  portion  every  day,  that  I  may  prove  them,  whether  they 
will  walk  in  my  law,  or  not.  5  And  it  shall  come  to  pass  on 
the  sixth  day,  that  they  shall  prepare  that  which  they  bring 
in,  and  it  shall  be  twice  as  much  as  they  gather  daily. 

13b  And  in  the  morning  the  dew  lay  round  about  the  camp. 
14  And  when  the  dew  that  la>  was  gone  up,  behold,  upon  the 
face  of  the  wilderness  a  small  round  thing,  small  as  the  hoar- 
frost on  the  ground.  15a  And  when  the  children  of  Israel  saw 
it,  they  said  one  to  another,  What  is  it?  for  they  knew  not 
what  it  was.  21  And  they  gathered  it  morning  by  morning, 
every  man  according  to  his  eating:  and  when  the  sun  waxed 
hot,  it  melted. 

30.  Massah  :  Tempting  Jehovah.     J42.     E18.  P66. 
Ex.  ll'"^-'-' 

lb  And  there  was  no  water  for  the  people  to  drink.  2  Where- 
fore the  people  strove  with  Moses,  and  said.  Give  us  water  that 
we  may  drink.  And  Moses  said  unto  them.  Why  strive  ye 
with  me?  wherefore  do  ye  tempt  Jehovah?  7  And  he  called 
the  name  of  the  place  Massah,  and  Meribah,  because  of  the 
striving  of  the  children  of  Israel,  and  because  they  tempted 
Jehovah,  saying.  Is  Jehovah  among  us,  or  not? 

31.  Appearance  of  Jehovah  on  Sinai.     E22.     P31. 

Ex      193b-9.11b-13. 18. 20-25 

3^  And  Jehovah  called  unto  him  out  of  the  mountain,  saying,  Thus 
shalt  thou  say  to  the  house  of  Jacob,  and  tell  the  children  of  Israel:  4  Ye 
have  seen  what  I  did  unto  the  Egyptians,  and  how  I  bare  you  on  eagles' 
wings,  and  brought  you  unto  myself.  5  Now  therefore,  if  ye  will  obey 
my  voice  indeed,  and  keep  my  covenant,  then  ye  shall  be  mine  own 
possession  from  among  all  peoples:  for  all  the  earth  is  mine:  6  and  ye 
shall  be  unto  me  a  kingdom  of  priests,  and  a  holy  nation.  These  are  the 
words  which  thou  shalt  speak  unto  the  children  of  Israel. 

7  ^Vnd  Moses  came  and  called  for  the  elders  of  the  people,  and  set  be- 

2' There  is  no  consensus  regarding  the  analysis  of  Ex.  16.  However,  Co.,  Gr.,  Bii.,  St., 
Smcnd,  Ki.,  agree  on  the  above  J  verses  (except  for  slight  variations  regarding  possible 
redactional  elements). 

*'K:  Ba.,  CH.,  Ho.,  St. — Meribah  is  Kadesh  (Smend) ;  and  the  scene  of  this  story 
should  be  in  the  context  of  Numbers. 

"  There  are  great  diffioultiea  in  the  analysis  of  19-34.  No  attempt  is  made  to  note 
every  minor  difference  among  critics. 


94       SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH   [  Ex.  19' 

fore  them  all  these  words  which  Jehovah  commanded  him.  8  And  all  the 
people  answered  together,  and  said,  All  that  Jehovah  hath  spoken  we  will 
do.    And  Moses  reported  the  words  of  the  people  unto  Jehovah. 

9  And  Jehovah  said  unto  Moses,  Lo,  I  come  unto  thee  in  a 
thick  cloud,  that  the  people  may  hear  when  I  speak  with  thee, 
and  may  also  believe  thee  for  ever.  And  Moses  told  the  words  of 
the  people  unto  Jehovah. 

lib  Jehovah  will  come  down  in  the  sight  of  all  the  people 
upon  mount  Sinai.  12  And  thou  shalt  set  bounds  unto  the 
people  round  about,  saying,  Take  heed  to  yourselves,  that  ye 
go  not  up  into  the  mount,  or  touch  the  border  of  it :  whosoever 
toucheth  the  mount  shall  be  surely  put  to  death :  13  no  hand 
shall  touch  him,  but  he  shall  surely  be  stoned,  or  shot  through ; 
whether  it  be  beast  or  man,  he  shall  not  hve :  when  the  trumpet 
soundeth  long,  they  shall  come  up  to  the  mount. 

18  And  mount  Sinai,  the  whole  of  it,  smoked,  because  Jeho- 
vah descended  upon  it  in  fire ;  and  the  smoke  thereof  ascended 
as  the  smoke  of  a  furnace,  and  the  whole  mount  quaked  greatly. 

20  And  Jehovah  came  down  upon  mount  Sinai,  to  the  top  of 
the  mount :  and  Jehovah  called  Moses  to  the  top  of  the  mount ; 
and  Moses  went  up.  21  And  Jehovah  said  unto  Moses,  Go 
down,  charge  the  people,  lest  they  break  through  unto  Jehovah 
to  gaze,  and  many  of  them  perish.  22  And  let  the  priests  also, 
that  come  near  to  Jehovah,  sanctify  themselves,  lest  Jehovah 
break  forth  upon  them. 

23  And  Moses  said  unto  Jehovah,  The  people  cannot  come  up  to  mount 
Sinai:  for  thou  didst  charge  us,  saying,  Set  bounds  about  the  mount,  and 
sanctify  it.  24  And  Jehovah  said  imto  him,  Go,  get  thee  down;  and  thou 
shalt  come  up,  thou,  and  Aaron  with  thee:  but  let  not  the  priests  and 
the  people  break  through  to  come  up  unto  Jehovah,  lest  he  break  forth 
upon  them. 

25  So  Moses  went  down  unto  the  people,  and  told  them, 

32.  Appearance  of  Jehovah  to  Moses  (Aaron,  Nadab  and 
Abihu)  and  Seventy  Elders.     E31. 

Ex.  241-2-9-11 

241  And  he  said  unto  Moses,  Come  up  unto  Jehovah,  thou, 
and  Aaron,  Nadab,  and  Abihu,  and  seventy  of  the  elders  of  Israel ; 
and  worship  ye  afar  off:  2  and  Moses  alone  shall  come  near 
unto  Jehovah ;  but  they  shall  not  come  near ;  neither  shall  the 
people  go  up  with  him. 

'2  There  is  much  difference  of  opinion  regarding  the  assignment  to  J  or  E.  J:  Di.,  Ba., 
Dr.,  CH.,  Se.,  Sten.,  Ho.,  McN.,  Nourse,  Smend,  Ki.,  Paton.  E:  Ku.,  We.,  Ad.,  Co., 
GFM.,  Bii.,  Gr.,  St.,  Eiselen.  P:  Pr.  only.  The  primitive  anthropomorphisms,  the  name 
"Jehovah"  in  vv.  1  and  2,  and  the  fact  that  vv.  3-8  are  surely  E  point  to  J.  "God  of  Is- 
rael" in  V.  10  and  "God"  in  v.  11  point  to  E  (but  "God"  in  the  construct  as  m  v.  10,  or 
referring  to  his  abstract  nature  as  exalted  above  and  contrasted  to  man  as  in  v.  11  are 
usages  frequent  in  J).  Pr.  thinks  that  the  similarity  to  Ezekiel  points  to  P  (but  all  others 
find  this  far-fetched). 


...33i«  ]  J31-33  95 

9  Then  went  up  Moses,  und  Aaron,  Nadab,  and  Abihu,  and  sev- 
enty of  the  elders  of  Israel :  10  and  they  saw  the  God  of 
Israel;  and  there  was  under  his  feet  as  it  were  a  paved  work 
of  sapphire  stone,  and  as  it  were  the  very  heaven  for  clearness. 
11  And  upon  the  nobles  of  the  children  of  Israel  he  laid  not 
his  hand :  and  they  beheld  God,  and  did  eat  and  drink. 

33.  Appearance  of  Jehovah  to  Moses  "Upon  the  Rock." 
J34  (vv.  6-7).     IK.  19. 

Ex.  33^-3''  Nu.  1111-1215  Ex.  3312-23 

33'  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  Depart,  go  up  hence, 
thou  and  the  people  that  thou  hast  brought  up  out  of  the  land 
of  Egypt,  unto  the  land  of  which  I  sware  unto  Abraham,  to 
Isaac,  and  to  Jacob,  saying.  Unto  thy  seed  will  I  give  it:  2  and 
I  will  send  an  angel  before  thee;  and  I  will  drive  out  the  Canaanite,  the 
Amoritc,  and  the  Hittite,  and  the  Perizzite,  the  Hivite,  and  the  Jebusite: 
3a  unto  a  land  flowing  with  milk  and  honey. 

Nu.  IP'  And  Moses  said  unto  Jehovah,  Wherefore  hast  thou 
dealt  ill  with  thy  servant?  and  wherefore  have  I  not  found 
favor  in  thy  sight,  that  thou  layest  the  burden  of  all  this  peo- 
ple upon  me?  12  Have  I  conceived  all  this  people?  have  I 
brought  them  forth,  that  thou  shouldest  say  unto  me.  Carry 
them  in  thy  bosom,  as  a  nursing-father  carrieth  the  sucking 
child,  unto  the  land  which  thou  swarest  unto  their  fathers? 
15  And  if  thou  deal  thus  with  me,  kill  me,  I  pray  thee,  out  of 
hand,  if  I  have  found  favor  in  thy  sight;  and  let  me  not  see 
my  wretchedness. 

Ex.  33'2  And  Moses  said  unto  Jehovah,  See,  thou  sayest  unto 
me.  Bring  up  this  people :  and  thou  hast  not  let  me  know  whom 
thou  wilt  send  with  me.  Yet  thou  hast  said,  I  know  thee  by 
name,  and  thou  hast  also  found  favor  in  my  sight.  13  Now 
therefore,  I  pray  thee,  if  I  have  found  favor  in  thy  sight,  show 
me  now  thy  ways,  that  1  may  know  thee,  to  the  end  that  I 
may  find  favor  in  thy  sight:  and  consider  that  this  nation  is 
thy  people.  14  And  he  said.  My  presence  shall  go  with  thee, 
and  I  will  give  thee  rest.  15  And  he  said  unto  him,  If  thy 
presence  go  not  with  me,  carry  us  not  up  hence.  16  For  wherein 
now  shall  it  be  known  that  I  have  found  favor  in  thy  sight,  I 
and  thy  people?  is  it  not  in  that  thou  goest  with  us,  so  that 
we  are  separated,  I  and  thy  people,  from  all  the  people  that 
are  upon  the  face  of  the  earth? 

17  And  Jehovah  said  unto  Moses,  I  will  do  this  thing  also 
that  thou  hast  spoken ;  for  thou  hast  found  favor  in  my  sight, 
and  I  know  thee  by  name.     18  And  he  said.  Show  me,  I  pray 

"  Nu.  Il>'-i2.u  in  this  connection:  Ba.,  GFM.,  Gray.  These  w.  E?:  Ho.,  Gr.,  St. — 
"Mosns  desired  to  see  the  face  of  God.  ...  No  man  felt  this  longing  so  deeply  as  he; 
hence  he  is  the  genius  of  his  age,"  Pr. 


96  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH     [  Ex.  SS^^ 

thee,  thy  glory.  19  And  he  said,  I  will  make  all  my  goodness 
pass  before  thee,  and  will  proclaim  the  name  of  Jehovah  before 
thee;  and  I  will  be  gracious  to  whom  I  will  be  gracious,  and 
will  show  mercy  on  whom  I  will  show  mercy.  20  And  he  said. 
Thou  canst  not  see  my  face ;  for  man  shall  not  see  me  and  live. 
21  And  Jehovah  said.  Behold,  there  is  a  place  by  me,  and 
thou  shalt  stand  upon  the  rock :  22  and  it  shall  come  to  pass, 
while  my  glory  passeth  by,  that  I  will  put  thee  in  a  cleft  of  the 
rock,  and  will  cover  thee  with  my  hand  until  I  have  passed  by : 
23  and  I  will  take  away  my  hand,  and  thou  shalt  see  my  back ; 
but  my  face  shall  not  be  seen. 

34.  The  So-called  J  Decalogue  :  Covenant  on  Sinal    E23, 
24,  25,  26. 
Ex.  341-28 

Introductory  Note. — Ex.  342"  in  its  present  form  suggests 
that  the  Ten  Commandments  are  to  be  found  in  the  preceding 
context  w.  1-27.  Hence,  the  majority  of  critics  since  We.  see 
here  a  J  Decalogue,  older  than  the  E  Decalogue  of  Ex.  20. 
But  there  are  more  than  ten  commandments,  and  critics  dis- 
agree as  to  which  were  the  original  ten. 

Knudson  has  shown  the  differences  among  critics  in  an  in- 
vestigation of  which  the  following  is  a  summary :  The  views  of 
We.  1889,  Bertholet  1899,  Ho.  1900,  Ba.  1903,  Stade  1905,  and 
Bu.  1906  are  given.     Smend  1912  has  declared  his  agreement 
with  We.     The  Roman  numerals  indicate  the  hypothetical 
commandments  in  order. 
I — V.  14a.   All  agree. 
n — V.  17.   All  agree. 
in— V.   18a  (We.,  Ho.) ;  19a  (Bertholet,  Ba.,  Bu.) ;  21a 

(Stade). 
IV— V.  18a  (Stade) ;  19a  (We.) ;  20b  (Bertholet) ;  21a  (Ba., 

Bu.) ;  22a  (Ho.). 
V— V.  18a(Bu.);  22a(We.,Bertholet,Ba.,  Stade);  22b(Ho.). 
VI— V.   19a  (Ho.);  22  (Bu.);  22b  (We.,  Bertholet,  Ba., 

Stade). 

VII — V.  25a.   All  agree. 

VIII— V.  25b.   All  agree. 

IX— V.  26a.   All  agree. 

X— V.  26b.   All  agree. 

34  341.4.28  if  not  worked  over  by  R  as  indicated  above  (according  to  most  critics  since 
We.),  must  be  E  (so  Ku.,  Ba.,  St.,  Nourse).  For  analogous  reasons  Ki.  takes  w.  1-5.28 
together  as  a  J  narrative  continuing  the  J  account  that  he  finds  in  Ex.  32.  In  any  event 
it  is  worthy  of  note  that  Dt.  10'" •  uses  only  vv.  1.4.28.  There  is  great  difference  as  to  the 
nature  and  amount  of  the  revision  in  v.  28.  If  the  verse  is  not  E,  and  if  there  is  no  true 
J  Decalogue,  then  the  words  "the  ten  commandments"  are  doubtless  a  gloss  by  Rje,  re- 
ferring to  the  new  copy  of  the  E  Decalogue.  The  expression  is  regarded  as  a  gloss  by  Ba., 
Se.,  McN.,  Marti,  Ba.,  Eerd.,  et  al.  Others  (as  Ki.,  Ho.,  et  al.)  excise  the  expression  "the 
words  of  the  covenant." 


...341M  J33-34  97 

A  large  minority  of  scholars  are  inclined,  on  various  grounds, 
to  doubt  the  existence  of  a  J  Decalogue,  e.  g.,  Se.,  St.,  Knudson, 
Nourse,  Pr.,  Marti,  Baudissin,  Eerd.,  and  Kittel  (who  regards 
Ex.  34  as  an  abbreviated  analagon  of  CC).  Gr.  finds  a  "dode- 
calogue."  Eerd.  sees  in  Ex.  34  a  post-exilic  copy  of  Ex. 
23. 

1  And  Jehovah  said  unto  Moses,  Hew  thee  two  tables  of 
stone  like  unto  the  first:  and  I  will  write  upon  the  tables  the  words 
that  were  on  the  first  tables,  which  thou  brakest.  2  And  be  ready 
by  the  morning,  and  come  up  in  the  morning  unto  mount 
Sinai,  and  present  thyself  there  to  me  on  the  top  of  the  mount. 
3  And  no  man  shall  come  up  with  thee;  neither  let  any  man 
be  seen  throughout  all  the  mount;  neither  let  the  flocks  nor 
herds  feed  before  that  mount.  4  And  he  hewed  two  tables  of 
stone  like  unto  the  first;  and  Moses  rose  up  early  in  the  morning, 
and  went  up  unto  mount  Sinai,  as  Jehovah  had  commanded 
him,  and  took  in  his  hand  two  tables  of  stone.  5  And  Jehovah 
descended  in  the  cloud,  and  stood  with  him  there,  and  pro- 
claimed the  name  of  Jehovah.  6  And  Jehovah  passed  by  before  him, 
and  proclaimed,  Jehovah,  Jehovah,  a  God  merciful  and  gracious,  slow  to 
anger,  and  abundant  in  lovingkindness  and  truth;  7  keeping  lovingkind- 
ness  for  thousands,  forgiving  iniquity  and  transgression  and  sin;  and  that 
will  by  no  means  clear  the  guilty, visiting,  the  iniquity  of  the  fathers  upon 
the  children,  and  upon  the  children's  childi-en,  upon  the  third  and  upon  the 
fovirth  generation.  8  And  Moses  made  haste,  and  bowed  his  head  toward 
t  he  earth,  and  worshipped.  9  And  he  said.  If  now  I  have  found  favor  in 
thy  sight,  O  Lord,  let  the  Lord,  I  pray  thee,  go  in  the  midst  of  us;  for  it  is 
a  stiffnecked  people;  and  pardon  our  iniquity  and  our  sin,  and  take  us  for 
thine  inheritance. 

10  And  he  said.  Behold,  I  make  a  covenant:  before  all  thy 
people  I  will  do  marvels,  such  as  have  not  been  wrought  in  all 
the  earth,  nor  in  any  nation;  and  all  the  people  among  which 
thou  art  shall  see  the  work  of  Jehovah;  for  it  is  a  terrible 
thing  that  I  do  with  thee.  11  Observe  thou  that  which  I  command 
thoe  this  day:  behold,  I  drive  out  before  thee  the  Amorite,  and  the  Ca- 
naanite,  and  the  Hittite,  and  the  Perizzite,  and  the  Hivite,  and  the  Jebu- 
sit(>.  12  Take  heed  to  thyself,  lest  thou  make  a  covenant  with  the  in- 
habitants of  the  land  whither  thou  goest,  lest  it  be  for  a  snare  in  the  midst 
of  thee:  13  but  ye  shall  break  down  their  altars,  and  dash  in  pieces  their 
pillars,  and  ye  shall  cut  down  their  Asherira  14  (for  thou  shalt  wor- 
ship no  other  god :  for  Jehovah,  whose  name  is  Jealous,  is  a 
jealous  God) ;  15  lest  thou  make  a  covenant  with  the  inhabitants  of 
the  land,  and  they  play  the  harlot  after  their  gods,  and  sacrifice  unto  their 
gods,  and  one  call  thee  and  thou  eat  of  his  sacrifice;  16  and  thou  take 
of  their  daughters   imto   thy  sons,  and   their  dauglaters   play  the  hai'lot 


98       SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH  [  Ex.  341^ 

after  their  gods,  and  make  thy  sons  play  the  harlot  after  their  gods.  17 
Thou  shalt  make  thee  no  molten  gods. 

18  The  feast  of  unleavened  bread  shalt  thou  keep.  Seven 
days  thou  shalt  eat  unleavened  bread,  as  I  commanded  thee, 
at  the  time  appointed  in  the  month  Abib;  for  in  the  month 
Abib  thou  camest  out  from  Egypt.  19  All  that  openeth  the 
womb  is  mine;  and  all  thy  cattle  that  is  male,  the  firstlings  of 
cow  and  sheep.  20  And  the  firstling  of  an  ass  thou  shalt  re- 
deem with  a  lamb:  and  if  thou  wilt  not  redeem  it,  then  thou 
shalt  break  its  neck.  All  the  first-born  of  thy  sons  thou  shalt 
redeem.    And  none  shall  appear  before  me  empty. 

21  Six  days  thou  shalt  work,  but  on  the  seventh  day  thou 
shalt  rest:  in  plowing  time  and  in  harvest  thou  shalt  rest. 
22  And  thou  shalt  observe  the  feast  of  weeks,  even  of  the  first- 
fruits  of  wheat  harvest,  and  the  feast  of  ingathering  at  the 
year's  end.  23  Three  times  in  the  year  shall  all  thy  males 
appear  before  the  Lord  Jehovah,  the  God  of  Israel.  24  For  I 
will  cast  out  nations  before  thee,  and  enlarge  thy  borders:  neither  shall  any 
man  desire  thy  land,  when  thou  goest  up  to  appear  before  Jehovah  thy 
God  three  times  in  the  year. 

25  Thou  shalt  not  offer  the  blood  of  my  sacrifice  with  leav- 
ened bread;  neither  shall  the  sacrifice  of  the  feast  of  the  pass- 
over  be  left  unto  the  morning.  26  The  first  of  the  first-fruits 
of  thy  ground  thou  shalt  bring  unto  the  house  of  Jehovah  thy 
God.    Thou  shalt  not  boil  a  kid  in  its  mother's  milk. 

27  And  Jehovah  said  unto  Moses,  Write  thou  these  words: 
for  after  the  tenor  of  these  words  I  have  made  a  covenant  with 
thee  and  with  Israel.  28  And  he  was  there  with  Jehovah  forty 
days  and  forty  nights;  he  did  neither  eat  bread  nor  drink 
water.  And  he  wrote  upon  the  tables  the  words  of  the  cove- 
nant, the  ten  commandments. 

35.  Moses  Invites  Hobab  the  Midianite  to  Join  Him.  E20. 

NU.    1029-32 

29  And  Moses  said  unto  Hobab,  the  son  of  Reuel  the  Mid- 
ianite, Moses'  father-in-law.  We  are  journeying  unto  the  place 
of  which  Jehovah  said,  I  will  give  it  you :  come  thou  with  us, 
and  we  will  do  thee  good ;  for  Jehovah  hath  spoken  good  con- 
cerning Israel.  30  And  he  said  unto  him,  I  will  not  go ;  but  I 
will  depart  to  mine  own  land,  and  to  my  kindred.  31  And  he 
said.  Leave  us  not,  I  pray  thee;  forasmuch  as  thou  knowest 
how  we  are  to  encamp  in  the  wilderness,  and  thou  shalt  be  to 
us  instead  of  eyes.  32  And  it  shall  be,  if  thou  go  with  us,  yea, 
it  shall  be,  that  what  good  soever  Jehovah  shall  do  unto  us, 
the  same  will  we  do  unto  thee. 


3'  GFM.  notes  Hobab 's  consent  implied  in  Jg.  1>6  and  4". 


...Nu.  1P2]  J34-36  99 

36.  The  Story  of  the  Quails.     J29.     P29. 

NU     114-10. 13. 18-23. 24a. 31-34 

4  And  the  mixed  multitude  that  was  among  them  lusted 
exceedingly :  and  the  children  of  Israel  also  wept  again,  and 
said,  Who  shall  give  us  flesh  to  eat?  5  We  remember  the  fish, 
which  we  did  eat  in  Egypt  for  nought;  the  cucumbers,  and 
the  melons,  and  the  leeks,  and  the  onions,  and  the  garlic: 
6  but  now  our  soul  is  dried  away;  there  is  nothing  at  all  save 
this  manna  to  look  upon.  7  And  the  manna  \va.s  like  coriander  seed, 
and  the  ajjpearance  thereof  a.s  the  appearance  of  bdelhum.  8  The  people 
went  about,  and  gathered  it,  and  ground  it  in  mills,  or  beat  it  in  mortars, 
or  boiled  it  in  pots,  and  made  cakes  of  it:  and  the  taste  of  it  was  as  the 
taste  of  fresh  oil.  9  And  when  the  dew  fell  upon  the  camp  in  the  night 
the  manna  fell  upon  it. 

10  And  Moses  heard  the  people  weeping  throughout  their 
families,  every  man  at  the  door  of  his  tent:  and  the  anger  of 
Jehovah  was  kindled  greatly;  and  Moses  was  displeased. 
13  Whence  should  I  have  flesh  to  give  unto  all  this  people? 
for  they  weep  unto  me,  saying,  Give  us  flesh,  that  we  may 
eat. 

18  And  say  thou  unto  the  people.  Sanctify  yourselves 
against  to-morrow,  and  ye  shall  eat  flesh;  for  ye  have  wept 
in  the  ears  of  Jehovah,  saying,  Who  shall  give  us  flesh  to  eat? 
for  it  was  Avell  with  us  in  Egypt:  therefore  Jehovah  will  give 
you  flesh,  and  ye  shall  eat.  19  Ye  shall  not  eat  one  day,  nor 
two  days,  nor  five  days,  neither  ten  days,  nor  twenty  days, 
20  but  a  whole  month,  until  it  come  out  at  your  nostrils,  and 
it  be  loathsome  unto  you ;  because  that  ye  have  rejected  Jeho- 
vah who  is  among  you,  and  have  wept  before  him,  saying,  Why 
came  we  forth  out  of  Egyi)t? 

21  And  Moses  said.  The  people,  among  whom  I  am,  are  six 
hundred  thousand  footmen;  and  thou  hast  said,  I  will  give 
them  flesh,  that  they  may  eat  a  whole  month.  22  Shall  flocks 
and  herds  be  slain  for  them,  to  suffice  them?  or  shall  all  the 
fish  of  the  sea  be  gathered  together  for  them,  to  suffice  them? 
23  And  Jehovah  said  unto  Moses,  Is  Jehovah's  hand  waxed 
short?  now  shalt  thou  see  whether  my  word  shall  come  to 
pass  unto  thee  or  not. 

24a  And  Moses  went  out,  and  told  the  people  the  words  of 
Jehovah. 

31  And  there  went  forth  a  wind  from  Jehovah,  and  brought 
quails  from  the  sea,  and  let  them  fall  by  the  camp,  about  a 
day's  journey  on  this  side,  and  a  day's  journey  on  the  other 
side,  round  about  the  camp,  and  about  two  cubits  above  the 
fa('(>  of  the  earth.  32  And  the  people  rose  up  all  that  day,  and 
all  the  night,  and  all  tlie  next  day,  and  gathered  the  quails: 


100  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH    [  Nu.  1P2 

he  that  gathered  least  gathered  ten  homers:  and  they  spread 
them  all  abroad  for  themselves  round  about  the  camp.  33  While 
the  flesh  was  yet  between  their  teeth,  ere  it  was  chewed,  the 
anger  of  Jehovah  was  kindled  against  the  people,  and  Jehovah 
smote  the  people  with  a  very  great  plague.  34  And  the  name 
of  that  place  was  called  Kibroth-hattaavah,  because  there  they 
buried  the  people  that  lusted. 

Nu.   1111-12.15^  cf.  J33 

37.  The  Journey  to  the  Wilderness  of  Paran.    E39. 
Nu.  1P5  I2i« 

35  From  Kibroth-hattaavah  the  people  journeyed  unto  Haze- 
roth;  and  they  abode  at  Hazeroth.  12^^  And  afterward  the 
people  journeyed  from  Hazeroth,  and  encamped  in  the  wilder- 
ness of  Paran. 

38.  The  Commission  and  Report  of  the  Spies.    E39.    P55. 

Nu     1317b. 19. 22. 27-29 

17b  And  said  unto  them,  Get  you  up  this  way  by  the  South, 
19  and  what  the  land  is  that  they  dwell  in,  whether  it  is  good 
or  bad;  and  what  cities  they  are  that  they  dwell  in,  whether 
in  camps,  or  in  strongholds. 

22  Ajid  they  went  up  by  the  South,  and  came  unto  Hebron; 
and  Ahiman,  Sheshai,  and  Talmai,  the  children  of  Anak,  were 
there.  (Now  Hebron  was  built  seven  years  before  Zoan  in 
Egypt). 

27  And  they  told  him,  and  said,  We  came  unto  the  land 
whither  thou  sentest  us;  and  surely  it  floweth  with  milk  and 
honey ;  and  this  is  the  fruit  of  it.  28  Howbeit  the  people  that 
dwell  in  the  land  are  strong,  and  the  cities  are  fortified,  and 
very  great :  and  moreover  we  saw  the  children  of  Anak  there. 
29  Amalek  dwelleth  in  the  land  of  the  South :  and  the  Hittite, 
and  the  Jebusite,  and  the  Amorite,  dwell  in  the  hill-country; 
and  the  Canaanite  dwelleth  by  the  sea,  and  along  by  the  side 
of  the  Jordan. 

39.  The  Fear  of  the  People.     E35.     P56. 
Nu.  14i<=-3 

Ic  And  the  people  wept  that  night.  3  And  wherefore  doth 
Jehovah  bring  us  unto  this  land  to  fall  by  the  sword?  Our 
wives  and  our  little  ones  will  be  a  prey:  were  it  not  better 
for  us  to  return  into  Egypt? 

38  There  is  disagreement  as  to  the  analysis.  Co.,  St.,  Gray  find  some  E  in  v.  27,  and 
Ba.,  CH.,  Di.,  GFM.,  Smend  regard  v.  28  as  E  vs.  Co.,  St.,  Bu.,  E.  Meyer,  Bii.,  Ki.:  J 
and  Pr.  and  Ew.:  P.  Gr.,  Gray  and  Ka.  regard  it  as  wholly  or  in  part  R. 

39  All  are  agreed  in  assigning  these  passages  to  J  (or  JE),  except  v.  Ic  E:  Ba.,  Ku.,  and 
St.  (J  or  E?). 


...1433]  J36^1  101 

40.  The  Answer  of  the  Spies.     E34.    P55,  56. 
Nu.  148-9 

8  If  Jehovah  delight  in  us,  then  he  will  bring  us  into  this 
land,  and  give  it  unto  us;  a  land  which  floweth  with  milk  and 
honey.  9  Only  rebel  not  against  Jehovah,  neither  fear  ye  the 
people  of  the  land;  for  they  are  bread  for  us:  their  defence  is 
removed  from  over  them,  and  Jehovah  is  with  us:  fear  them 
not. 

41.  Jehovah's  Rebuke  of  the  People.     E36.    P58. 

Nu.  1411-21.31-33 

11  And  Jehovah  said  unto  Moses,  How  long  will  this  people 
despise  me?  and  how  long  will  they  not  believe  in  me,  for  all  the  signs 
which  I  have  wrought  among  them?  12  I  will  smite  them  with  the  pes- 
tilence, and  disinherit  them,  and  will  make  of  thee  a  nation  greater  and 
mightier  than  they. 

13  And  Moses  said  unto  Jehovah,  Then  the  Egyptians  will  hear  it; 
for  thou  broughtest  up  this  people  in  thy  might  from  among  them ;  14  and 
they  will  tell  it  to  the  inhabitants  of  this  land.  They  have  heard  that  thou 
Jehovah  art  in  the  midst  of  this  people;  for  thou  Jehovah  art  seen  face  to 
face,  and  thy  cloud  standeth  over  them,  and  thou  goest  before  them,  in  a 
pillar  of  cloud  by  day,  and  in  a  pillar  of  fire  by  night.  15  Now  if  thou 
shalt  kill  this  people  as  one  man,  then  the  nations  which  have  heard  the 
fame  of  thee  will  speak,  saying,  16  Because  Jehovah  was  not  able  to 
bring  this  people  into  the  land  which  he  sware  unto  them,  therefore  he 
hath  slain  them  in  the  wilderness.  17  And  now,  I  pray  thee,  let  the  power 
of  the  Lord  be  great,  according  as  thou  hast  spoken,  saying,  18  Jehovah 
is  slow  to  anger,  and  abundant  in  lovingkindness,  forgiving  inicjuity  and 
transgression;  and  that  will  by  no  means  clear  the  guilty,  visiting  the 
iniquity  of  the  fathers  upon  the  children,  upon  the  third  and  ujion  the 
fourth  generation.  19  Pardon,  I  pray  thee,  the  iniquity  of  this  people 
according  unto  the  greatness  of  thy  lovingkindness,  and  according  as 
thou  hast  forgiven  this  people,  from  Egypt  even  until  now. 

20  And  Jehovah  said,  I  have  pardoned  according  to  thy  word:  21  but 
in  very  deed,  as  I  live,  and  as  all  the  earth  shall  be  filled  with  the  glory  of 
Jehovah  .  .  . 

31  But  your  little  ones,  that  ye  said  should  be  a  prey,  them 
will  I  bring  in,  and  they  shall  know  the  land  which  ye  have 
rejected.  32  But  as  for  you,  your  dead  bodies  shall  fall  in  this 
wilderness.  33  And  your  children  shall  be  wanderers  in  the 
wilderness  forty  years,  and  shall  bear  your  whoredoms,  until 
your  dead  bodies  be  consumed  in  the  wilderness. 


<'  vv.  llb-21:  Rje.  vv.  31-33  may  be  P:  CH..  Co.,  Gray  or  Rp:  Ku.,  Bii.,  Gr.,  Smend, 
or  JE:  Dr.,  Ho.,  St.?  There  is  a  question  whether  the  forty  years  appeared  at  all  in  J  or 
E;  there  is  no  doubt  in  D  and  P.  The  early  prophets  (Am.  2»"-5-^'-  Ilq.  21-')  regarded  the 
sojourn  in  the  wilderness  as  a  period  of  divine  favor;  while  D  and  P  view  it  as  a  term  of 
punishment.    Cf.  Gray,  Numbers  161. 


102  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH     [  Nu.  20^ 

42.  The  People  Strive  with  Moses.    J30. 
Nu.  20^'^-5 

3a  And  the  people  strove  with  Moses,  and  spake,  saying, 
5  And  wherefore  have  ye  made  us  to  come  up  out  of  Egypt, 
to  bring  us  in  unto  this  evil  place?  it  is  no  place  of  seed,  or  of 
figs,  or  of  vines,  or  of  pomegranates ;  neither  is  there  any  water 
to  drink. 

43.  The  Ban  Against  the  King  of  Arad. 

Nu.  2V-^ 

1  And  the  Canaanite,  the  king  of  Ara,d,  who  dwelt  in  the 
South,  heard  tell  that  Israel  came  by  the  way  of  Atharim; 
and  he  fought  against  Israel,  and  took  some  of  them  captive. 
2  And  Israel  vowed  a  vow  unto  Jehovah,  and  said,  If  thou 
wilt  indeed  deliver  this  people  into  my  hand,  then  I  will  utterly 
destroy  their  cities.  3  And  Jehovah  hearkened  to  the  voice  of 
Israel,  and  delivered  up  the  Canaanites;  and  they  utterly  de- 
stroyed them  and  their  cities:  and  the  name  of  the  place  was 
called  Hormah. 

44.  The  Story  of  Balaam.    E  45. 

Nu     22^*  6-7.11.17-18.22-35.37.39  241-2 

5  And  he  sent  messengers  unto  Balaam,  the  son  of  Beor, 
...  to  the  land  of  the  children  of  his  people,  to  call  him,  say- 
ing, Behold,  there  is  a  people  come  out  from  Egypt:  behold 
they  cover  the  face  of  the  earth,  and  they  abide  over  against 
me.  6  Come  now  therefore,  I  pray  thee,  curse  me  this  people ; 
for  they  are  too  mighty  for  me:  peradventure  I  shall  prevail, 
that  we  may  smite  them,  and  that  I  may  drive  them  out  of 
the  land;  for  I  know  that  he  whom  thou  blessest  is  blessed, 
and  he  whom  thou  cursest  is  cursed. 

7  And  the  elders  of  Moab  and  the  elders  of  Midian  departed 
with  the  rewards  of  divination  in  their  hand;  and  they  came 
unto  Balaam,  and  spake  unto  him  the  words  of  Balak.  11  Be- 
hold, the  people  that  is  come  out  of  Egypt,  it  covereth  the  face 
of  the  earth:  now,  come  curse  me  them;  peradventure  I  shall 
be  able  to  fight  against  them,  and  shall  drive  them  out.  17  For 
I  will  promote  thee  unto  very  great  honor,  and  whatsoever 
thou  sayest  unto  me  I  will  do:  come  therefore,  I  pray  thee, 
curse  me  this  people. 

18  And  Balaam  answered  and  said  unto  the  servants  of 
Balak,  If  Balak  would  give  me  his  house  full  of  silver  and  gold, 

"Perhaps  E:  Dr.,  St.,  Or. 

"J:  Ku.,  Co.,  CH.,  Ba.,  Ho.,  Ad.,  Ba.,  St.,  Dr.,  Gr.    E:  Pr.,  Se.  only. 

**  V.  5:  for  "his  people"  read,  "Ammon"  with  LXX,  Sb,m.  Pent.,  Syr.,  Vulg. ;  so  Ba., 
Ho..  Gray,  Gr.,  Smend,  Ivi.,  et  al.— v\'.  G,  11,  17-18,  37  E:  Ba.,  Ad.,  Pr.,  St.,  Gr.,  Ki.— v.  39 
may  be  E:  Gr.  or  R:  Di.,  Gray. — vv.  22-35  J:  all  exc.  St. :  E.  The  speaking  ass  (of.  serpent 
in  J4)  and  the  occurrence  of  the  name  "Jehovah"  thirteen  times  point  strongly  to  J. 


...241  ]  J42^4  103 

I  cannot  go  beyond  the  word  of  Jehovah  my  God,  to  do  less  or 
more. 

22  And  God's  anger  was  kindled  because  he  went;  and  the 
angel  of  Jehovah  placed  himself  in  the  way  for  an  adversary 
against  him.  Now  he  was  riding  upon  his  ass,  and  his  two 
servants  were  with  him.  23  And  the  ass  saw  the  angel  of  Je- 
hovah standing  in  the  way,  with  his  sword  drawn  in  his  hand; 
and  the  ass  turned  aside  out  of  the  way,  and  went  into  the 
field:  and  Balaam  smote  the  ass,  to  turn  her  into  the  way. 

24  Then  the  angel  of  Jehovah  stood  in  a  narrow  path  between 
the  vineyards,  a  wall  being  on  this  side,  and  a  wall  on  that  side. 

25  And  the  ass  saw  the  angel  of  Jehovah,  and  she  thrust  her- 
self unto  the  wall,  and  crushed  Balaam's  foot  against  the  wall : 
and  he  smote  her  again.  26  And  the  angel  of  Jehovah  went 
further,  and  stood  in  a  narrow  place,  where  was  no  way  to  turn 
either  to  the  right  hand  or  to  the  left.  27  And  the  ass  saw  the 
angel  of  Jehovah,  and  she  lay  down  under  Balaam:  and  Ba- 
laam's anger  was  kindled,  and  he  smote  the  ass  with  his  staff. 
28  And  Jehovah  opened  the  mouth  of  the  ass,  and  she  said 
unto  Balaam,  What  have  I  done  unto  thee,  that  thou  hast 
smitten  me  these  three  times?  29  And  Balaam  said  unto  the 
ass,  Because  thou  hast  mocked  me :  I  would  there  were  a  sword 
in  my  hand,  for  now  I  had  killed  thee.  30  And  the  ass  said 
unto  Balaam,  Am  not  I  thine  ass,  upon  which  thou  hast  ridden 
all  thy  life  long  unto  this  day?  was  I  ever  wont  to  do  so  unto 
thee?    And  he  said,  Nay. 

31  Then  Jehovah  opened  the  eyes  of  Balaam,  and  he  saw 
the  angel  of  Jehovah  standing  in  the  way,  with  his  sword 
drawn  in  his  hand;  and  he  bowed  his  head,  and  fell  on  his 
face.  32  And  the  angel  of  Jehovah  said  unto  him.  Wherefore 
hast  thou  smitten  thine  ass  these  three  times?  behold,  I  am 
come  forth  for  an  adversary,  because  thy  way  is  perverse  before 
me :  33  and  thc^  ass  saw  me,  and  turned  aside  before  me  these 
three  times:  unless  she  had  turned  aside  from  me,  surely  now 
I  had  even  slain  thee,  and  saved  her  alive.  34  And  Balaam 
said  unto  the  angel  of  J(>hovah,  I  have  sinned ;  for  I  knew  not 
that  thou  stoodest  in  the  way  against  me :  now  therefore,  if  it 
displease  thee,  I  will  get  me  back  again.  35  And  the  angel  of 
Jehovah  said  unto  Balaam,  Go  with  the  men;  but  only  the 
word  that  I  shall  speak  unto  thee,  that  thou  shalt  speak.  So 
Balaam  went  with  the  princes  of  Balak. 

37  And  Balak  said  unto  Balaam,  Did  I  not  earnestly  send 
unto  thee  to  call  thee?  wherefore  camest  thou  not  unto  me? 
am  I  not  able  indeed  to  promote  thee  to  honor?  39  And  Ba- 
laam went  with  Balak,  and  they  came  unto  Kiriatli-huzoth. 

24 1  And  when  Balaam  saw  that  it  pleased  Jehovah  to  bless  Israel,  he 


104  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH     [  Nu.  24' 

went  not,  as  at  the  other  times,  to  meet  with  enchantments,  but  he  set 
his  face  toward  the  wilderness. 

2  And  Balaam  lifted  up  his  eyes,  and  he  saw  Israel  dwelling 
according  to  their  tribes;  and  the  Spirit  of  God  came  upon 
him. 

45.  The  Parables  of  Balaam.    J16.    E46. 

Nu.  243-25 

Introductory  Note. — It  is  generally  agreed  that  these 
parables  are  among  the  oldest  elements  in  J,  and  were  not 
composed  by  J  himself,  but  were  taken  from  earlier  sources. 
In  particular,  vv.  17-19  show  that  the  writer  probably  had 
David  in  mind  (Co.,  Gr.,  St.,  Ho.,  Gray,  et  al.)  unless  we  have 
here  a  pre-Davidic  eschatology  (Se.,  and  cf.  Rev.  22^^)  or  un- 
less the  "star"  is  Omri  (cf.  Moabite  Stone,  Gray?).  Gall's 
post-exilic  dating  of  the  entire  passage,  based  on  Messianic 
exegesis,  is 'generally  rejected,  as  is  the  Messianic  interpreta- 
tion of  V.  17  (so  Gray,  and  even  Gr.). 

3  And  he  took  up  his  parable,  and  said, 
Balaam  the  son  of  Beor  saith. 

And  the  man  whose  eye  was  closed  saith ; 

4  He  saith,  who  heareth  the  words  of  God, 
Who  seeth  the  vision  of  the  Almighty, 
Falling  down,  and  having  his  eyes  open : 

5  How  goodly  are  thy  tents,  O  Jacob, 
Thy  tabernacles,  O  Israel ! 

6  As  valleys  are  they  spread  forth, 
As  gardens  by  the  river-side, 

As  lign-aloes  which  Jehovah  hath  planted, 
As  cedar-trees  beside  the  waters. 

7  Water  shall  flow  from  his  buckets. 
And  his  seed  shall  be  in  many  waters. 
And  his  king  shall  be  higher  than  Agag, 
And  his  kingdom  shall  be  exalted. 

8  God  bringeth  him  forth  out  of  Egypt ; 

He  hath  as  it  were  the  strength  of  the  wild-ox : 
He  shall  eat  up  the  nations  his  adversaries, 
And  shall  break  their  bones  in  pieces, 
And  smite  them  through  with  his  arrows. 


"v.  4,  tr.  for  "God,"  "Er';  for  "the  Almighty,"  "Shaddai"  (cf.  J19,  Gn.  4925;  E4viii, 
Gn.  43i<;  P17,  Ex.  62). — v.  7,  for  "Agag"  LXX  reads  "Gog"  (eschatological  king). — v.  16, 
names  of  God,  "El,"  "Elyon"  (here,  Dt.  328  and  Gn.  14  only  in  Pentateuch),  "Shaddai," 
cf.  V.  4. — vv.  20-24  are  generally  regarded  as-R,  on  account  of  v.  22  (Assyrian  captivity) 
and  V.  24  (Greek  rule,  cf.  Dn.  IPO).  So:  We.,  Ku.,  Co.,  Ho.  (but  Asshur  is  Syria),  Di., 
Ad.  (who,  however,  does  not  admit  the  reference  to  the  Greek  period),  Eiselen,  St.,  Gray, 
Smend,  Ki.  (R,  yet  not  very  late).  But  Hommel,  Gr.,  Se.  insist  that  the  vv.  are  Davidic; 
for  them,  "Asshur"  is  Arabian  "Shur"  (cf.  J13xv,  Gn.  Sd^'").  Gr.  emends  w.  23-24  to 
refer  to  Ishmael,  and  eliminate  Kittim, 


-2424  J  J44-45  105 

9  He  couched,  he  lay  down  as  a  lion, 

And  as  a  lioness;  who  shall  rouse  him  up? 

Blessed  be  every  one  that  blesseth  thee, 

And  cursed  be  every  one  that  curseth  thee. 
10  And  Balak's  anger  was  kindled  against  Balaam,  and  he 
smote  his  hands  together;  and  Balak  said  unto  Balaam,  I 
called  thee  to  curse  mine  enemies,  and,  behold,  thou  hast  alto- 
gether blessed  them  t  hcse  three  times.  1 1  Therefore  now  flee  thou 
to  thy  place :  I  thought  to  promote  thee  unto  great  honor ;  but, 
lo,  Jehovah  hath  kept  thee  back  from  honor.  12  And  Balaam 
said  unto  Balak,  Spake  I  not  also  to  thy  messengers  that  thou 
sentest  unto  me,  saying,  13  If  Balak  would  give  me  his  house 
full  of  silver  and  gold,  I  cannot  go  beyond  the  word  of  Jehovah, 
to  do  either  good  or  bad  of  mine  own  mind;  what  Jehovah 
speaketh  that  will  I  sp(Mik?  14  And  now,  behold,  I  go  unto 
my  people:  come,  and  I  will  advertise  thee  what  this  people 
shall  do  to  thy  people  in  the  latter  days.  15  And  he  took  up 
his  parable,  and  said, 

Balaam  the  son  of  Beor  saith. 

And  the  man  whose  eye  was  closed  saith ; 

16  He  saith,  who  heareth  the  words  of  God, 

And  knoweth  the  knowledge  of  the  Most  High, 
Who  seeth  the  vision  of  the  Almighty, 
Falling  dowTi,  and  having  his  eyes  open: 

17  I  see  him,  but  not  now; 

I  behold  him,  but  not  nigh : 

There  shall  come  forth  a  star  out  of  Jacob, 

And  a  sceptre  shall  rise  out  of  Israel, 

And  shall  smite  through  the  corners  of  Moab, 

And  break  do^^^l  all  the  sons  of  tumult. 

18  And  Edom  shall  be  a  possession, 

Seir  also  shall  be  a  possession,  who  were  his  enemies; 
While  Israel  doeth  valiantly. 

19  And  out  of  Jacob  sliall  one  have  dominion, 
And  shall  destroy  the  remnant  from  the  city. 

20  And  he  looked  on  Ainalek,  and  took  up  his  parable,  and  said, 
Amalek  was  the  first  of  the  nations; 

But  his  latter  end  shall  come  to  destruction. 

21  And  he  looked  on  the  Kenite,  and  took  up  his  parable,  and  said, 
Strong  is  thy  dwelling-place, 

And  thy  nest  is  set  in  the  rock. 

22  Nevertheless  Kain  shall  be  wasted, 

Until  Asshur  shall  carry  thee  away  captive. 

23  And  he  took  up  his  parable,  and  said, 
.\las,  who  shall  live  when  God  doeth  this? 

24  But  ships  shall  come  from  the  coast  of  Kittim, 


106  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH    [  Nu.  24^4 

And  they  shall  afflict  Asshur,  and  shall  afflict  Eber; 

And  he  also  shall  come  to  destruction. 
25  And  Balaam  rose  up,  and  went  and  returned  to  his  place; 
and  Balak  also  went  his  way. 

46.  Immorality  and  Idolatry  with  the  Moabites.    E47. 
Nu.  25i'^-2-4 

lb  And  the  people  began  to  play  the  harlot  with  the  daugh- 
ters of  Moab:  2  for  they  called  the  people  unto  the  sacrifices 
of  their  gods;  and  the  people  did  eat,  and  bowed  down  to 
their  gods. 

4  And  Jehovah  said  unto  Moses,  Take  all  the  chiefs  of  the 
people,  and  hang  them  up  unto  Jehovah  before  the  sun,  that 
the  fierce  anger  of  Jehovah  may  turn  away  from  Israel. 

47.  Conquest  of  Gilead  from  the  Amorites  by  the  Chil- 

dren OF  Machir  the  Son  of  Manasseh.  Jg.  1.  Dt. 
31^-15  (R:  Dr.,  Smend,  Marti,  St.  et  al.).    P78. 

Nu.  3239-42 

39  And  the  children  of  Machir  the  son  of  Manasseh  went  to 
Gilead,  and  took  it,  and  dispossessed  the  Amorites  that  were 
therein.  40  And  Moses  gave  Gilead  unto  Machir  the  son  of  Manas- 
seh; and  he  dwelt  therein.  41  And  Jair,  the  son  of  Manasseh 
went  and  took  the  towns  thereof,  and  called  them  Hawoth-jair. 
42  And  Nobah  went  and  took  Kenath,  and  the  villages  thereof, 
and  called  it  Nobah,  after  his  own  name. 

48.  Joshua's  Meeting  with  the  'Trlnce  of  the  Host." 
Josh.  513-1^ 

13  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  Joshua  was  by  Jericho,  that 
he  lifted  up  his  eyes  and  looked,  and,  behold,  there  stood  a 
man  over  against  him  with  his  sword  drawn  in  his  hand :  and 
Joshua  went  unto  him,  and  said,  unto  him.  Art  thou  for  us,  or 
for  our  adversaries?  14  And  he  said.  Nay;  but  as  prince  of 
the  host  of  Jehovah  am  I  now  come.  And  Joshua  fell  on  his 
face  to  the  earth,  and  did  worship,  and  said  unto  him,  What 
saith  my  lord  unto  his  servant?  15  And  the  prince  of  Jehovah's 
hosts  said  unto  Joshua,  Put  off  thy  shoe  from  off  thy  foot ;  for 
the  place  wherein  thou  standest  is  holy.    And  Joshua  did  so. 

49.  HiviTES  Seek  a  Covenant  with  Israel.     E61. 
Josh.  9«-7 

6  And  they  went  to  Joshua  unto  the  camp  at  Gilgal,  and 

*^  V.  lb  is  generally  treated  literally.    Cf.  Ho.  1-3. 

"  E:  Di.,  St.  The  fragment  is  probably  misplaced;  it  should  come  after  the  death  of 
Moses  (Jg.  1,  Gray)  or  before  J46  (Nu.  25"',  Smend). 

"J:  Di.,  Ho.,  Ki.,  CH.,  Gr.,  GFM.,  Pr.,  Smend.    JEs:  Ku.,  Co.,  Dr.,  Ad.     E:St. 

<»  There  is  very  little  consensus  among  critics  as  to  the  exact  amount  of  material  in 


...Josh.  15«3  ]  J45-52  107 

said  unto  him,  and  to  the  men  of  Israel,  We  are  come  from  a 
far  country :  now  therefore  make  ye  a  covenant  with  us.  7  And 
the  men  of  Israel  said  unto  the  Hivites,  Peradventure  ye  dwell 
among  us ;  and  how  shall  we  make  a  covenant  with  you? 

50.  Incomplete  Conquest  of  the  Geshurites  and  Maa- 

cathites. 

Josh.  1313 

13  Nevertheless  the  children  of  Israel  drove  not  out  the 
Geshurites,  nor  the  Maacathites:  but  Geshur  and  Maacath 
dwell  in  the  midst  of  Israel  unto  this  day. 

51.  Conquest  of  Hebron  and   Debir  under  Caleb  the 

JuDAHiTE.     Jg.  V'-'\     J57,  60.     E65.     P90. 

Josh.  15'3-i3 

13  And  unto  Caleb  the  son  of  Jephunneh  he  gave  a  portion 
among  the  children  of  Judah,  according  to  the  commandment 
of  Jehovah  to  Joshua,  even  Kiriath-arba,  which  Arba  was  the 
father  of  Anak  (the  same  is  Hebron).  14  And  Caleb  drove 
out  thence  the  three  sons  of  Anak:  Sheshai,  and  Ahiman,  and 
Talmai,  the  children  of  Anak.  15  And  he  went  up  thence 
against  the  inhabitants  of  Debir:  now  the  name  of  Debir  be- 
foretime  was  Kiriath-sepher.  16  And  Caleb  said,  He  that 
smiteth  Kiriath-sepher,  and  taketh  it,  to  him  will  I  give  Achsah 
my  daughter  to  wdfe.  17  And  Othniel  the  son  of  Kcnaz,  the 
brother  of  Caleb,  took  it :  and  he  gave  him  Achsah  his  daughter 
to  wife.  18  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  she  came  unto  hiyn,  that 
she  moved  him  to  ask  of  her  father  a  field:  and  she  alighted 
from  off  her  ass;  and  Caleb  said,  What  wouldcst  thou?  19  And 
she  said,  Give  me  a  blessing;  for  that  thou  hast  set  me  in  the 
land  of  the  South,  give  me  also  springs  of  water.  And  he  gave 
her  the  upper  springs  and  the  nether  springs. 

52.  Incomplete  Conquest  of  the  Jebusitbs  (in  Jerusalem) 

BY  the  Tribe  of  Judah  (or  Benjamin).     E62.    POO. 

Cf.  2  Sam.  5«-'«. 
Josh.  IS"''  Jg.  Pi 

Josh.  IS'^-''  And  as  for  th(^  Jebusites,  the  inhabitants  of  Jeru- 
salem, the  children  of  Judah  could  not  drive  them  out:  but 

Joshua  that  is  to  be  assiRned  to  the  various  sources.  J  doubtless  had  a  much  lonper  nar- 
rative of  the  covenant  with  the  Hivites  than  vv.  6-7.  However,  the  present  analysis  will 
proceed  very  con.servatively,  and  will  include  in  J  only  those  pussaKcs  from  Joshua  with 
reference  to  which  there  is  practical  unanimity.  All  doubtful  material  is  printed  as  E, 
cf.  E5,'H-7.3.  St.  has  been  of  great  aid  in  Joshua,  because  he  has  collated  the  views  of  many 
authorities  with  reference  to  the  analysis. 

"'  Rd:  Smcnd  only  (in  imitation  of  1.503  k;'"  IT'^). 

5'  vv.  1.3-19  are  verbatim  the  same  as  .Jr.  1"  ",  except  that  Jg.  reads  "Caleb's  younger 
brother"  (v.  13,  cf.  Josh.  v.  17),  "Caleb  said  unto  her"  (v.  14,  cf.  Josh.  v.  18b),  "she  said 
unto  him,"  "and  Caleb  gave  her"  (v.  IS,  cf.  ,Iosh.  v.  19).  Thus  we  have  two  versions  of 
the  same  J  passage,  practically  identical.    Josh.  v.  13  II:  Smend  only. 


108  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH  [Josh.  15«3 

the  Jebusites  dwell  with  the  children  of  Judah  at  Jerusalem 
unto  this  day. 

Jg.  pi  And  the  children  of  Benjamin  did  not  drive  out  the 
Jebusites  that  inhabited  Jerusalem;  but  the  Jebusites  dwell 
with  the  children  of  Benjamin  in  Jerusalem  unto  this  day. 

53.  Incomplete  Conquest  of  Gezer. 
Josh.  16i«  Jg.  P9 

Josh.  16^°  And  they  drove  not  out  the  Canaanites  that  dwelt 
in  Gezer:  but  the  Canaanites  dwell  in  the  midst  of  Ephraim 
unto  this  day,  and  are  become  servants  to  do  taskwork. 

Jg.  P^  And  Ephraim  drove  not  out  the  Canaanites  that 
dwelt  in  Gezer ;  but  the  Canaanites  dwelt  in  Gezer  among  them. 

54.  The  Lot  of  Manasseh.  J61.     E66,  67. 
Josh.  17ii-i«  (Jg.  p7-2«) 

11  And  Manasseh  had  in  Issachar  and  in  Asher  Beth-shean 
and  its  towns,  and  Ibleam  and  its  towns,  and  the  inhabitants 
of  Dor  and  its  towns,  and  the  inhabitants  of  En-dor  and  its 
towns,  and  the  inhabitants  of  Taanach  and  its  towns,  and  the 
inhabitants  of  Megiddo  and  its  towns,  even  the  three  heights. 
12  Yet  the  children  of  Manasseh  could  not  drive  out  the  in- 
habitants of  those  cities;  but  the  Canaanites  would  dwell  in 
that  land.  13  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  the  children  of 
Israel  were  waxed  strong,  that  they  put  the  Canaanites  to 
taskwork,  and  did  not  utterly  drive  them  out. 

14  And  the  children  of  Joseph  spake  unto  Joshua,  saying, 
Why  hast  thou  given  me  but  one  lot  and  one  part  for  an  in- 
heritance, seeing  I  am  a  great  people,  forasmuch  as  hitherto 
Jehovah  hath  blessed  me?  15  And  Joshua  said  unto  them.  If 
thou  be  a  great  people,  get  thee  up  to  the  forest,  and  cut  down 
for  thyself  there  in  the  land  of  the  Perizzites  and  of  the  Re- 
phaim;  since  the  hill-country  of  Ephraim  is  too  narrow  for 
thee.  16  And  the  children  of  Joseph  said,  The  hill-country  is 
not  enough  for  us:  and  all  the  Canaanites  that  dwell  in  the 
land  of  the  valley  have  chariots  of  iron,  both  they  who  are  in 
Beth-shean  and  its  towns,  and  they  who  are  in  the  valley  of 
Jezreel.  17  And  Joshua  spake  unto  the  house  of  Joseph,  even 
to  Ephraim  and  to  Manasseh,  saying.  Thou  art  a  great  people, 
and  hast  great  power ;  thou  shalt  not  have  one  lot  only :  18  but 
the  hill-country  shall  be  thine;  for  though  it  is  a  forest,  thou 

"  Parallel  to  w.  11-13  is  Jg.  l"-28,  as  follows: 

27  And  Manasseh  did  not  drive  out  the  inhabitants  of  Beth-shean  and  its  towns,  nor 
of  Taanach  and  its  towns,  nor  the  inhabitants  of  Dor  and  its  towns,  nor  the  inhabitants  of 
Ibleam  and  its  towns,  nor  the  inhabitants  of  Medddo  and  its  towns;  but  the  Canaanites 
would  dwell  in  that  land.  28  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  Israel  was  waxed  strong,  that 
they  put  the  Canaanites  to  taskwork,  and  did  not  utterly  drive  them  out. 

Josh  17i<-i6E:Pr.,  Smend.    Rd:  We. 


...Jg.  I'M  J52-58  109 

shalt  cut  it  down,  and  the  goings  out  thereof  shall  be  thine ;  for 
thou  shalt  drive  out  the  Canaanites,  though  they  have  chariots 
of  iron,  and  though  they  are  strong. 

55.  Dan  Conquers  Leshem.     J63.     P94. 
Josh.  19^7 

47  And  the  border  of  the  children  of  Dan  went  out  beyond 
them;  for  the  children  of  Dan  went  up  and  fought  against 
Leshem,  and  took  it,  and  smote  it  with  the  edge  of  the  sword, 
and  possessed  it,  and  dwelt  therein;  and  called  Leshem,  Dan, 
after  the  name  of  Dan  their  father. 

56.  JuDAH  AND  Simeon  Defeat  Adoni-bezek.     E62. 
Jg.  1^-^ 

l'  And  it  came  to  pass  after  the  death  of  Joshua,  that  the  children 
of  Israel  asked  of  Jehovah,  saying,  Who  shall  go  up  for  us  first 
against  the  Canaanites,  to  fight  against  them?  2  And  Jehovah 
said,  Judah  shall  go  up :  behold,  I  have  delivered  the  land  into 
his  hand.  3  And  Judah  said  unto  Simeon  his  brother.  Come 
up  with  me  into  my  lot,  that  we  may  fight  against  the  Ca- 
naanites; and  I  likewise  will  go  with  thee  into  thy  lot.  So 
Simeon  went  with  him.  4  And  Judah  went  up;  and  Jehovah  de- 
livered the  Canaanites  and  the  Perizzites  into  their  hand:  and  they 
smote  of  them  in  Bezek  ten  thousand  men.  5  And  they 
found  Adoni-bezek  in  Bezek;  and  they  fought  against  him, 
and  they  smote  the  Canaanites  and  the  Perizzites.  6  But 
Adoni-bezek  fled;  and  they  pursued  after  him,  and  caught 
him,  and  cut  off  his  thumbs  and  his  great  toes.  7  And  Adoni- 
l)ezek  said,  Threescore  and  ten  kings,  having  their  thumbs  and 
their  great  toes  cut  off,  gathered  their  food  under  my  table ;  as 
I  have  done,  so  God  hath  requited  me.  And  they  brought  him 
to  Jerusalem,  and  he  died  there. 

57.  Judah  Attacks  Hebron.    J51,  60;  E65. 

Jg.    18-1" 

8  And  the  children  of  Judah  fought  against  Jerusalem,  and  took  it,  and 
smote  it  with  the  edge  of  the  sword,  and  set  the  city  on  fire.  9  And  after- 
ward the  children  of  Judah  went  down  to  fight  against  the  Canaanites  that 
dwelt  in  the  hill-country,  and  in  the  South,  and  in  the  lowland.  10  And 
Judah  went  against  the  C'anaanites  that  dwelt  in  Hebron 
(now  the  name  of  Hebron  beforetime  was  Kiriath-arba) ;  and 
they  smote  Sheshai,  and  Ahiman,  and  Talmai. 

58.  Alliance  of  the  Kenite  with  Judah. 
Jg.  1»6 

16  And  the  children  of  the  Kenite,  Moses'  brother-in-law, 

sa  For  "brother-iu-law,"  Am.  Rev.,  margin  reada  "father-in-law."     Of.  J24ii. 


110  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH       [Jg.  l^^ 

went  up  out  of  the  city  of  palm-trees  with  the  children  of 
Judah  into  the  wilderness  of  Judah,  which  is  in  the  south  of 
Arad;  and  they  went  and  dwelt  with  the  people. 

59.  Victories  of  Judah  and  Simeon. 

Jg.    117-19 

17  And  Judah  went  with  Simeon  his  brother,  and  they  smote 
the  Canaanites  that  inhabited  Zephath,  and  utterly  destroyed 
it.  And  the  name  of  the  city  was  called  Hormah.  18  Also 
Judah  took  Gaza  with  the  border  thereof,  and  Ashkelon  with 
the  border  thereof,  and  Ekron,  with  the  border  thereof.  19  And 
Jehovah  was  with  Judah;  and  he  drove  out  the  inhabitants  of 
the  hill-country ;  for  he  could  not  drive  out  the  inhabitants  of 
the  valley,  because  they  had  chariots  of  iron. 

60.  Caleb  Receives  Hebron.     J51. 
Jg.  120 

20  And  they  gave  Hebron  unto  Caleb,  as  Moses  had  spoken : 
and  he  drove  out  thence  the  three  sons  of  Anak. 

Jg.  pi,  cf.  J52. 

61.  The  House  of  Joseph  Takes  Bethel  (Luz).    J54.   E66. 

Jg     p2-26 

22  And  the  house  of  Joseph,  they  also  went  up  against 
Beth-el;  and  Jehovah  was  with  them.  23  And  the  house  of 
Joseph  sent  to  spy  out  Beth-el.  (Now  the  name  of  the  city 
beforetime  was  Luz.)  24  And  the  watchers  saw  a  man  come 
forth  out  of  the  city,  and  they  said  unto  him.  Show  us,  we  pray 
thee,  the  entrance  into  the  city,  and  we  will  deal  kindly  with 
thee.  25  And  he  showed  them  the  entrance  into  the  city; 
and  they  smote  the  city  with  the  edge  of  the  sword;  but  they 
let  the  man  go  and  all  his  family.  26  And  the  man  went  into 
the  land  of  the  Hittites,  and  built  a  city,  and  called  the  name 
thereof  Luz,  which  is  the  name  thereof  unto  this  day. 

Jg.  127-28^   cf.  J54. 

Jg.  129,  cf  J53 

62.  Incomplete  Conquest  op  the  Canaanites  by  Zebulun, 

Asher,  and  Naphtali. 

Jg.    130-33 

30  Zebulun  drove  not  out  the  inhabitants  of  Kitron,  nor  the 
inhabitants  of  Nahalol ;  but  the  Canaanites  dwelt  among  them, 
and  became  subject  to  taskwork. 


-Jg.  2^ ]  J58-64  111 

31  Asher  drove  not  out  the  inhabitants  of  Acco,  nor  the 
inhabitants  of  Sidon,  nor  of  Ahhib,  nor  of  Achzib,  nor  of  Hel- 
bah,  nor  of  Aphik,  nor  of  Rehob;  32  but  the  Asherites  dwelt 
among  the  Canaanites,  the  inhabitants  of  the  land;  for  they 
did  not  drive  them  out. 

33  Naphtali  drove  not  out  the  inhabitants  of  Beth-shemesh, 
nor  the  inhabitants  of  Beth-anath;  but  he  dwelt  among  the 
Canaanites,  the  inhaljitants  of  the  land :  nevertheless  the  in- 
habitants of  Beth-shemesh  and  of  Beth-anath  became  subject 
to  taskwork. 

63.  Conflict  between  Dan  and  the  Amorites.    J55. 
Jg.  P4-36 

34  And  the  Amorites  forced  the  children  of  Dan  into  the 
hill-country;  for  they  would  not  suffer  them  to  come  down  to 
the  valley;  35  but  the  Amorites  would  dwell  in  mount  Heres, 
in  Aijalon,  and  in  Shaalbim :  yet  the  hand  of  the  house  of  Jo- 
seph prevailed,  so  that  they  became  subject  to  taskwork. 
36  And  the  border  of  the  Amorites  was  from  the  ascent  of 
Akrabbim,  from  the  rock  and  upward. 

64.  Sacrifice  at  Bochim. 
Jg.  21-5 

1  And  the  angel  of  Jehovah  came  up  from  Gilgal  to  Bochim. 
And  he  said,  I  made  you  to  go  up  out  of  Egypt,  and  have  brought  you 
unto  the  hind  which  I  sware  unto  your  fathers;  and  I  said,  I  will  never 
break  my  covenant  with  you:  2  and  ye  shall  make  no  covenant  with  the 
inhabitants  of  this  land;  ye  shall  break  down  their  altars.  But  ye  have 
not  hearkened  unto  my  voice:  why  have  ye  done  this?  3  Wherefore  I 
also  said,  I  will  not  drive  them  out  from  before  you;  but  they  shall  be  as 
thorns  in  your  sides,  and  their  gods  shall  be  a  snare  unto  you.  4  And  it 
came  to  pass,  when  the  angel  of  Jehovah  spake  these  words  unto  all  (he 
children  of  Israel,  that  the  people  lifted  up  their  voice,  and  wept.  5  And 
they  called  the  name  of  that  place  Bochim:  and  they  sacrificed  there 
unto  Jehovah. 


»*  w.  lb-5a  Rd:  We..  E.  Meyer,  Co.,  GFM.,  Bu.,  Ki.,  et  al. 


CHAPTER  II 
E  :  THE  ELOHISTIC  OR  EPHRAIMITIC  NARRATIVE 
1.  Literary  Characteristics. 

a.  Is  E  a  Literary  Unity? 

The  majority  hold  a  view  of  E's  unity  analogous  to  their 
view  of  J  (q.  v.).  Since  Kuenen  the  majority  have  distin- 
guished E^  and  E^.  E^  is,  on  the  whole,  prior  to  the  literary 
prophets  and  certainly  prior  to  the  fall  of  Samaria  72 L  But 
Ex.  32  seems  to  presuppose  that  event,  as  punishment  for 
"the  sin  of  Jeroboam,  son  of  Nebat."  Hence  Ex.  32,  the 
Decalogue  of  Ex.  20,  and  all  allied  passages  (including  Josh. 
24)  are  assigned  to  E^  writing  probably  in  Judah  (although 
Cornill  locates  him  in  Israel)  in  the  seventh  century. 

But  Kittel,  B.  Luther,  and  Smend  stoutly  defend  the  unity 
of  E,  and  its  composition  by  a  single  literary  personality,  "who 
sketched  the  main  plan  and  also  wrote  with  reference  to  J, 
revising  J's  standpoint"  (Kittel).  E  is  "a  thoroughly  unified 
work"  (Smend) ;  it  should  be  noted,  however,  that  Smend's 
J^  absorbs  some  of  the  difficult  passages  commonly  assigned  to 
E^.  And  Proksch,  who  recognizes  a  large  number  of  secondary 
elements  in  E,  is  impressed  by  its  unity;  "the  plan  is  never 
lost  sight  of,  and  the  pious  tone  of  an  ancient  prophetic  nar- 
rator determines  the  whole  mood."  There  is,  then,  rather 
more  inclination  to  recognize  a  single  dominating  plan  and 
personality  back  of  E  than  back  of  J. 

b.  The  Extent  of  E. 

E  is  generally  held  to  begin  with  the  promise  to  Abraham, 
Gn.  15,  and  to  end  with  the  national  assembly  in  Josh.  24 
(so,  e.  g.,  Sellin).  But  some,  as  in  the  case  of  J  (q.  v.),  trace 
it  through  Jg.,  Sm.,  and  parts  of  K.  Smend  holds  that  E 
originally  carried  the  history  down  to  the  fall  of  Samaria  in 
72L 

c.  The  Literary  Style  of  E. 

The  literary  style  of  E  is,  in  general,  much  closer  to  J  than 

112 


ELOHISTIC  OR  EPHRAIMITIC  NARRATIVE  113 

to  Dt.  or  P.  Indeed,  so  similar  are  J  and  E  that  critics  concede 
that  literary  criteria  alone  would  often  not  sufl&ce  to  distinguish 
E  from  J. 

Nevertheless,  there  are  certain  general  differences.  E  is  less 
vivid  and  concrete;  more  artificial  and  reflective  than  J  (so 
most  critics,  from  Bacon  to  Eichrodt;  but  Driver  makes  J 
more  reflective).  Yet,  although  more  artificial  and  polished,  E 
is  regarded  as  less  successful  from  an  artistic  standpoint  than  is 
J,  especially  in  the  effective  structure  of  a  series  of  related 
incidents  (Proksch).  E  is  at  his  best  in  the  picturing  of  touch- 
ing, pathetic,  "teary"  scenes,  such  as  the  sacrifice  of  Isaac,  the 
expulsion  of  Hagar  and  Ishmael,  or  Jacob's  tenderness  to  his 
grandsons  (Proksch,  Gunkel,  Eichrodt). 

E  is  characterized  by  a  "learned"  or  antiquarian  interest. 
He  seems  to  have  a  scholar's  idea  of  system  far  more  than  does 
J,  and  also  lays  stress  on  minor  details  from  antiquity.  Steuer- 
nagel  cites  as  instances  of  this  tendency  his  use  of  the  divine 
name,  avoiding  "Jehovah"  prior  to  Ex.  3;  his  hints  at  a  chron- 
ological system  inGn.  W^  29'^-^'^  3V^-^'  45^  his  appeal  to  lit- 
erary sources  in  Nu.  21'^"  (cf.  JE,  perhaps  E,  Josh.  10^^); 
his  familiarity  with  Egyptian  names  and  local  color ;  his  men- 
tion of  the  names  of  relatively  unimportant  characters  such  as 
Eliezer,  Deborah,  Hur,  Eldad,  and  Medad.  Smend  adds  E's 
preference  for  Reuben  (instead  of  Judah  J)  in  the  Joseph  story ; 
and  the  view  that  Manasseh  was  born  before  Ephraim. 

d.  E's  Peculiarities  in  the  Use  of  Proper  Names. 

E  is  guided  by  a  definite  theory  that  the  name  Jehovah  was 
first  revealed  in  Ex.  3.  Hence  he  never  uses  that  name  prior 
to  Ex.  3,  but  always  calls  the  divine  being  simply  God  (Elohim). 
Gn.  22'^  and  28^^,  the  only  apparent  exceptions,  are  almost 
universally  regarded  as  due  to  the  hand  of  Rje.  After  Ex.  3, 
E  is  less  consistent.  In  many  cases  he  still  says  "God";  in 
others  "Jehovah."  Many  critics  connect  this  difference  in 
usage  with  the  two  strata,  E^  and  E^. 

Other  proper  names  used  characteristically  by  E  are  Horeb 
(instead  of  Sinai  J) ;  Amorites  (as  equivalent  to  J's  Canaanites, 
the  general  term  for  the  early  inhabitants  of  Canaan)*;  Jethro 

•  Dt.  follows  E  in  using  the  names  "Horeb"  and  "Amorites."  There  are  also  other 
signs  that  Dt.  preferred  E. 


114  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH 

(or  Jether,  instead  of  Hobab  J) ;  and  probably  E  always  spoke 
of  Jacob,  never  of  Israel  as  a  man,  although  the  redaction 
makes  this  relatively  hypothetical.  Characteristic  is  also  the 
expression  "the  man  Moses."  Aaron  appears  in  E,  not  in  J; 
Joshua  is  much  more  prominent  in  E.  The  Hittites  are  absent 
from  E  (Proksch). 

e.  Other  Characteristic  Words  and  Expressions. 

Certain  formulae  are  frequent  in  E,  such  as:  "and  it  came  to 
pass  after  these  things" ;  "and  he  called"  (name  of  person  ad- 
dressed is  usually  mentioned  twice),  "and  he  answered.  Here 
am  I,  or  I  hear"  (cf.  1  Sm.  3^°;  Is.  6^);  "and  he  rose  up  early 
in  the  morning" ;  "lead  out  of  Egypt" ;  "speak  with" ;  "angel 
of  God";  "mount  of  God";  "staff  of  God"  (the  last  three 
rarely) . 

E  (only)  mentions  massebahs  (pillars)  which  are  forbidden 
Dt.  1622;  he— but  not  J— uses  the  word  "prophet"*  Gn.  20^; 
Nu.  1129  12^  and  possibly  Dt.  34 1°,  cf.  Miriam  the  prophetess 
Ex.  1520. 

He  employs  characteristic  Hebrew  words  for:  "be  afraid," 
"handmaid,"  "harden"  (of  Pharaoh's  heart),  "master"  (baal, 
meaning  also  "owner"  or  "husband"),  "sack,"  "younger,"  and 
a  few  others.    See  lists  as  in  J. 

2.  Characteristic  Ideas. 

a.  Aim  of  E. 

E  has  a  more  specific  aim  than  does  J.  Bacon,  following 
Schrader,  describes  E  as  the  "history  of  the  theocratic  succes- 
sion." That  God  is  the  supreme  ruler  of  Israel,  her  Lawgiver, 
guiding  her  destinies  from  Abraham  to  the  promised  land,  is 
recognized  as  a  central  idea  clearly  distinguished  from  J's 
simpler,  more  nationalistic,  ethical,  and  religious  ideal.  This 
trait  is  most  clearly  expressed  in  Gn.  37^  Nu.  2d^-^'-^^  (Dt.  33^ 
R),  etc.    (So  Sellin,  Cornill,  Eichrodt,  et  al.). 

b.  Characteristic  Religious  Ideas. 

E's  conception  of  God  is  sublime  and  majestic,  and  nearer 
to  the  "moral  monotheism"  of  Elijah  (so  Eichrodt)  or  Amos 

*  Of  the  Hexateuchal  sources.  D  is  the  only  one  to  mention  prophets  freely;  P  uses  the 
term  only  Ex.  71,  in  a  special  sense.  J  and  E  were  written  before  the  prophetic  movement 
had  reached  its  fullest  expression;  P  after  it  had  died  away.  D  was  a  product  of  that 
movement  at  its  height. 


ELOHISTIC  OR  EPHRAIMITIC  NARRATIVE  115 

(so  Smend)  than  was  J.  Like  J,  he  is  not  a  theoretical  mono- 
theist;  that  is,  he  does  not  deny  the  existence  of  other  gods 
(cf.  Baal  Peor  in  Nu.  25).  But  his  henotheism  is  for  all  prac- 
tical purposes  monotheistic  in  spirit.  Smend  holds  that  the 
very  use  of  the  name  "Elohim"  to  designate  Jehovah,  God  of 
Israel,  is  monotheistic — Jehovah  is  the  God. 

E's  God  is  generally  regarded  as  more  spiritual,  less  anthro- 
pomorphic than  J's.  Kittel  says  that  E  tolerates  no  an- 
thropomorphisms. This  is  extreme.  Steuernagel  points  out 
that  E  is  in  a  measure  anthropomorphic.  God  speaks  face  to 
face  with  Moses  Ex.  331'  Nu.  121  He  writes  the  tables  of 
the  law  with  his  own  finger  Ex.  31  ^''.  He  speaks  to  Balaam 
Nu.  229-12.20^  He  is  gg^j^  ^nd  heard  Ex.  3  and  19,  yet  not  in 
human  form. 

But  all  agree  that  E  strives  to  suppress  the  anthropomorphic 
factors  in  the  tradition  as  he  molds  it  (Eerdmans  alone  denies 
this).  E  never  has  a  concrete  representation  of  God,  as  does 
J;  the  theophanies  of  E  are  "colorless"  (Eichrodt).  God  is 
present  in  the  pillar  of  cloud  and  fire;  he  is  symbolized  by  the 
ark;  he  dwells  invisible  in  the  tent  of  meeting.  On  Horeb  he 
is  veiled  in  a  cloud.  He  does  not  appear  in  physical  form;  a 
voice  is  heard  but  no  form  seen,  angels  appear  frequently  as 
God's  representatives,  the  divine  will  is  imparted  through 
dreams  and  visions.  But  God  himself  is  too  exalted  to  walk 
in  the  garden  in  the  cool  of  the  day. 

While  E's  conception  is  less  human,  more  spirituiil  than  J's, 
it  marks  at  the  same  time  in  one  sense  a  loss  in  religious  value. 
E's  God  is  more  remote,  distant,  transcendent  than  J's.  He  is 
not  found  in  the  everyday  course  of  events;  he  is  not  im- 
manent in  nature.  E  is  philosophically  a  dualist  and  a  deist. 
There  is,  truly,  in  E  a  conception  of  a  Divine  Providence,  that 
causes  all  things — even  man's  sin — to  work  togeth(T  for  good 
(Cornill  cites  Gn.  50^'^).  But  probal)ly  E  thought  in  terms  of 
"special  providences"  rather  than  in  terms  of  a  God  "in  whom 
we  live,  and  move,  and  have  our  being." 

E  rejects  the  divineness  of  the  natural,  which  had  been  J's 
view,  in  the  interests  of  a  marked  supematuralism.  Cornill 
contrasts  Gn.  \2'^-^  J  with  Gn.  20'-i7  E.    The  former  is  realis- 


116  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH 

tic,  human,  natural.  The  latter  is  equipped  with  the  full 
apparatus  of  miracle,  vision  and  divine  intervention.  Instances 
of  this  supernaturalism  may  be  multiplied;  so,  in  E's  account 
of  the  birth  of  Issachar  and  Joseph,  Gn.  30'^"-;  the  increase  of 
the  herds  of  Jacob,  Gn.  3P"-;  the  fact  that  even  angels  some- 
times speak  from  heaven,  Gn.  2V  22^^  instead  of  coming  down 
in  human  form  to  earth,  as  in  J;  the  magical  properties  of 
Moses's  rod ;  the  heightening  of  the  miraculous  in  the  accounts 
of  the  plagues  and  the  crossing  of  the  Red  Sea ;  and  the  writing 
of  the  tables  of  law  by  the  finger  of  God.  God  intervenes, 
as  in  Abraham's  sacrifice  of  Isaac,  in  Jacob's  experience  at 
Bethel,  in  the  wrestling  with  the  angel  (or  God),  in  Sarah's 
relations  to  Abimelech,  and  in  the  dealings  of  Jacob  with 
Laban. 

With  reference  to  the  cultus,  E  is  more  friendly  to  sacrifice 
and  ritual  than  is  J  (cf.  Gn.  22,  substitution  of  animal  for 
human  sacrifice).  The  appearance  of  Aaron  in  E  indicates  a 
tendency  toward  the  priestly  conception  of  religion^  although 
Smend  views  the  mention  of  Aaron  as  an  involuntary  conces- 
sion on  E's  part. 

E,  and  especially  E^,  is  hostile  to  all  forms  of  idolatry.  E's 
mention  of  massebahs  is  not  an  exception  to  this;  for  he  in- 
terprets them  as  mere  memorial  stones,  not  as  images  or  cult- 
objects.  He  rejects  the  teraphim,  and  the  worship  of  any 
other  god  than  God.  He  condemns  idolatry  in  general  in  the 
Decalogue,  and  the  worship  of  the  golden  calf  in  Ex.  32,  cf. 
IK.  12^8.  Smend  points  out  that  the  serpent  of  Nu.  21  is  not 
an  idol,  but  merely  a  means  of  grace. 

E's  relation  to  prophetism  (cf.  the  use  of  the  word  "prophet," 
already  mentioned)  is  generally  regarded  as  even  closer  than 
J's.  Bacon,  for  instance,  views  E  as  a  man  of  the  type  of 
Hosea.  The  great  ideas  of  E  are  those  of  the  prophetic  move- 
ment, except  that  most  of  the  prophets  laid  little  or  no  stress 
on  the  miraculous.  Proksch,  Kittel,  et  al.,  trace  the  influence 
of  Elijah;  Smend  of  Amos  and  Hosea. 

Characteristically  prophetic  is  the  idea  of  an  individual  rela- 
tion to  God  Gn.  20^-^^  Nu.  21^-^,  which  Proksch  compares  to 
the  attitude  of  Micaiah  ben  Imlah,  IK.  22.    Prophetic  also  is 


ELOHISTIC  OR  EPHRAIMITIC  NARRATIVE    117 

E's  conception  of  faith  Ex.  3'^  and  in  particular  of  God  as 
trying  or  testing  man's  faith,  Gn.  22;  Ex.  2020;  Dt.  331 

c.  Characteristic  Ethical  Ideas. 

E  has  a  decidedly  more  keen  moral  sense  than  has  J.  In 
numerous  instances  E's  version  of  a  story  removes  or  softens 
the  morally  offensive  features  of  J.  Eichrodt  compares  Gn. 
16«  J  with  Gn.  2V^-  E;  Gn.  3028"-  J  with  Gn.  3P"-  E;  Gn. 
1210" •  J  with  Gn.  20  E.    He  is  thus  more  didactic  than  J. 

Smend  sees  in  Hosea  and  E  Nu.  23^  Josh.  24  Ex.  20  the 
origin  of  the  concept  of  heathenism — of  the  Gentile  as  opposed 
to  the  Jew.  E's  Abraham  assumes  that  the  heathen  have  no 
morals,  Gn.  20. 

Stade,  Holzinger,  et  al.  detect  a  tendency  to  pessimism,  which 
Proksch  admits  in  E^  hut  denies  in  E^. 

d.  Attitude  toward  Culture. 

J's  friendliness  to  civilization  and  the  arts  is  entirely  missing 
in  E.  The  prohibition  of  all  images  in  religion  acted  as  a  de- 
terrent to  art. 

e.  Attitude  toward  History. 

For  all  E's  moral  monotheism,  he  thinks  of  God's  interest  as 
rather  narrowly  confined  to  Israel.  "The  idea  of  world-history 
is  missing"  (Proksch).  The  absence  of  a  creation-narrative,  of 
"tables  of  nations,"  etc.,  is  significant  of  this  tendency.  Smend, 
however,  notes  that  Abraham's  home  was  in  Mesopotamia 
Josh.  242-3-14-15. 

Sellin  points  out  certain  characteristic  historical  standpoints 
of  E.  He  viewed  the  patriarchs  as  polytheists.  Josh.  242"-, 
He  lays  more  stress  on  the  epoch-making  work  of  Moses  than 
does  J,  but  he  also  introduces  important  subordinate  figures, 
such  as  Aaron  and  Miriam,  who  play  an  influential  part. 

J  had  represented  the  conquest  of  Canaan  as  a  slow  and 
painful  process.  E,  on  the  contrary,  seems  to  hold  that  Canaan 
was  conquered  by  the  cooperating  tribes  under  the  leadership 
of  Joshua  in  a  few  years,  by  the  aid  of  divine  intervention 
Josh.  14«-i>\ 

E's  great  heroes  are  Joseph  and  Joshua. 

3  Home  of  Author. 

We  may  speak  with  very  little  qualification  of  another  as- 


118  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH 

sured  result  of  criticism,  namely,  that  E — at  least  in  its  original 
form — was  written  in  the  northern  kingdom,  not  in  Judah. 
Smend  is  the  only  advocate  of  the  view  that  the  home  of  E 
was  in  the  south.  He  admits  E's  interest  in  north  Israel,  but 
explains  it  on  the  ground  that  a  southern  author  might  enter- 
tain a  hope  for  the  future  restoration  of  north  Israel.  He  uses 
Dt.  19^  to  prove  that  the  Jews  considered  themselves  the 
spiritual  successors  of  Israel.  He  asserts  that  Abraham,  "a 
specifically  Judahite  hero,"  plays  a  larger  part  in  E  than  in  J; 
and  E  has  the  patriarchs  reside  in  Beersheba,  a  southern  shrine. 
This  fact  he  regards  as  especially  significant  of  the  southern 
origin  of  E,  inasmuch  as  J  makes  Jacob  dwell  in  Shechem  and 
Bethel,  conspicuous  northern  shrines.  Smend,  however,  admits 
that  a  large  part  of  the  content  of  J  and  E  comes  from  the 
ancient  common  saga-tradition;  and  not  every  detail  can  be 
traced  to  the  special  interest  of  the  writer.  It  may  be  that 
the  Judahite  features  in  E  come  from  that  tradition. 

Over  against  Smend,  the  overwhelming  majority  of  scholars 
since  Wellhausen  take  the  position  that  E's  home  is  to  be  found 
in  the  northern  kingdom  (hence  Ephraimitic).  But  Well- 
hausen, Kuenen,  and  many  others  have  felt  that  E^,  especially 
Ex.  32,  may  have  been  written  in  Judah.  Comill,  Steuemagel, 
et  al.  are  not  convinced  of  this ;  they  hold  that  such  condemna- 
tion of  the  calf-worship  could  easily  emanate  from  a  north 
Israelite,  like  Hosea. 

Let  us  survey  the  evidence  for  the  northern  origin  of  E. 
The  great  heroes  of  E  are  Joseph  (father  of  the  northern  tribes, 
Ephraim  and  Manasseh,  cf.  Gn.  37^ — and  Rachel,  the  mother 
of  Joseph,  is  Jacob's  favorite  wife)  and  Joshua,  an  Ephraimite, 
Josh.  19^9-50. 

Numerous  graves,  all  in  the  territory  of  the  northern  king- 
dom, are  mentioned:  of  Deborah,  Rachel,  Joseph,  Joshua, 
Eleazar  (Gn.  35«i^-2o  SO^^-zs  Josh.  2^^^-^^). 

E   has  a  special   interest  in  the   shrines  of  the  northern 

kingdom:  as  Bethel  (where  tithes  were  to  be  paid  Gn.  28^^), 

Gilgal,   Ebal,    Mahanaim,    Penuel,    and    Shechem    (Kittel's 

list).  Shechem  is  especially  important  Gn.  33^^  34.  35*  Josh. 
241.25-26.32 


ELOHISTIC  OR  EPHRAIMITIC  NARRATIVE    119 

There  are  plain  indications  of  the  prosperity  and  predom- 
inance of  the  northern  kingdom  in  Gn.  48^^  and  Dt.  33'^-'^ 

One  peculiarity  of  E  constitutes  a  problem  for  the  theory  of 
its  north  Israelitic  origin.  The  principal  residence  of  Abra- 
ham in  E  is  Beersheba,  Gn.  20^  21  ^^-^i  22i9.  E  is,  indeed,  silent 
regarding  Hebron,  Abraham's  home  in  J  and  the  chief  ancient 
sanctuary  of  Judah.  Nevertheless,  Beersheba  is  in  the  remote 
south  of  Judaean  territory,  and  Smend  cannot  see  why  a  north- 
ern writer  should  thus  glorify  this  shrine.  Other  critics  offer 
an  explanation,  which  is  probably  satisfactory:  Beersheba  is 
proven  by  IK.  19^  Amos  5^  8^^  (Ho.  4^5  "swear,"  in  Hebrew 
suggests  Beersheba  also)  to  have  been  a  favorite  shrine  for 
north  Israelites  and  the  goal  of  their  pilgrimages.  It  would 
thus  be  quite  natural  for  E,  the  northerner,  to  hallow  it  by 
associating  it  with  the  name  of  Abraham. 

4.  The  Date  of  E— 750. 

The  great  majority  of  critics  date  E  in  its  original  form  about 
750.  So  Wellhausen,  Kuenen,  Stade,  Holzinger,  Cornill, 
Proksch,  Steuernagel,  B.  Luther,  Kittel  (since  1912),  George 
Foote  Moore,  McNeile,  Bacon,  and  many  others.  Most  of 
these  hold  that  E  in  its  present  form  is  a  revised  edition,  pub- 
lished after  the  fall  of  Samaria  in  721.  Smend's  view  of  the 
unity  of  E  leads  him  to  bring  the  entire  document  down  to 
700-650.  But  it  is  questionable  whether  Ex.  32  and  Josh.  24 
presuppose  the  fall  of  Samaria  any  more  than  do  the  prophecies 
of  Amos  and  Hosea.  If  Cornill  and  Steuernagel  are  right  in 
holding  that  E^  was  a  north  Israelite,  and  Smend  is  right  re- 
garding the  unity  of  E,  perhaps  most  of  the  E^  passages  were 
written  by  E  in  750. 

The  only  important  difference  of  opinion  regarding  the  date 
of  E  comes  from  Sellin,  who  discovers  an  E*  written  in  the  reign 
of  Solomon.  But  his  E^  comes  dowm  to  800,  and  so  he  does 
not  differ  substantially  from  the  consensus ;  for  everyone  would 
admit  that  E  contains  material  that  originated  at  least  as  early 
as  the  united  kingdom. 

a.  Evidence  for  the  terminus  ad  quem  of  the  Composition 
of  E. 


120  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH 

i.  Like  J,  and  for  similar  reasons,  E  must  have  been  written 
before  Dt.  Contrast  the  law  permitting  worship  anywhere 
Ex.  20^*  E  with  Dt.'s  centralization  of  worship  in  Jerusalem 
Dt.  12.  E  must  have  been  written  before  Dt.  16^^,  with  its 
prohibition  of  massebahs  (cf.  Josh.  4,  and  Ex.  24^-^  E). 

ii.  Again,  E,  while  more  prophetic  than  J,  must  have  been 
written  before  the  work  of  Amos  and  Hosea  had  exerted  much 
influence.  On  this  all  scholars  except  Smend  agree.  The  year 
750  becomes  our  terminus  ad  qiiem. 

iii.  Its  north  Israelitic  origin  implies  that  E  was  written 
before  721. 

b.  Evidence  for  the  terminus  a  quo  of  the  Composition  of  E. 
i.  E's  use  of  ancient  sources  proves  that  it  is  not  one  of  the 

oldest  of  Hebrew  writings.  Such  sources  are  the  Song  of  Mir- 
iam, Ex.  1520-21 ;  the  Book  of  the  Wars  of  Jehovah  Nu.  2V^', 
the  parables  (taunting  poems)  of  Balaam;  the  *'book"  men- 
tioned in  Ex.  17^^;  and  the  Code  of  the  Covenant,  Ex.  20^2- 
23^^.  In  this  connection  should  be  mentioned  the  Book  of 
Jashar,  cited  Josh.  10^^  (JE,  probably  E).  2Sm.  V^  says  that 
David's  lament  in  the  Song  of  the  Bow  was  taken  from  the 
Book  of  Jashar.  The  LXX  attributes  the  blessing  of  Solomon 
IK.  8^2-13^  ^o  the  same  source.  The  Book  of  Jashar,  then,  was 
written  during  or  later  than  the  reign  of  Solomon*  and  E, 
which  quotes  Jashar,  must  have  been  still  later, 

ii.  E  was  probably  written  after  the  division  of  the  kingdom 
in  933.  Proksch  cites  in  proof  of  this  statement  Gn.  37^  Nu. 
2321  Dt.  33^ — and  yet  none  of  these  passages  is  certainly  a 
reference  to  the  divided  kingdom. 

iii.  E  was  written  after  J  850,  as  has  already  been  proven 
under  J  (q.  v.). 

iv.  E's  Egyptian  names  (such  as  Potiphar,  Zaphenath- 
paneah,  etc.)  are  found  in  Egyptian  records  as  far  back  as  the 
XXII.  dynasty,  tenth  century  B.  C,  but  not  earlier  (so  Brugsch, 
Steindorf,  MaxMiiller,  Barton  JBL.,  vol.  28,  p.  153).  Hence  E 
was  not  written  before  B.  C.  1000-900. 

c.  The  Closer  Determination  of  the  Date  of  E. 

In  dating  E  at  750  (the  terminus  ad  quem),  scholars  take  into 
account  the  following  factors: 


ELOHISTIC  OR  EPHRAIMITIC   NARRATIVE    121 

i.  E's  mood  of  theocratic-national  pride  and  joy  on  the 
whole  presupposes  a  period  of  national  prosperity,  such  as  the 
reign  of  Jeroboam  II  783-743. 

ii.  The  relation  of  Amos,  and  especially  of  Hosea,  to  the 
ideas  of  E  is  such  that  these  prophets  seem  to  stand  under  its 
immediate  influence.  Sellin  says,  "The  prophet  Hosea  lives 
and  moves  in  the  Elohist,  he  seems  to  be  emerging  from  a 
current  that  has  just  recently  produced  E,"  Proksch  calls  E 
"a  witness  to  the  development  of  prophecy  between  Elijah  and 
Hosea." 

We  may,  then,  with  considerable  certainty  ascribe  E  to  the 
latter  part  of  the  reign  of  Jeroboam  II,  so  about  750. 

5.    The  Relation  of  E  to  J. 

In  general,  J  and  E  are  parallel  accounts  of  the  same  history. 
E  adds  very  few  new  facts  not  found  in  J,  but  works  over  sub- 
stantially the  same  material  from  more  reflective  and  theo- 
logical standpoints,  softening  the  morally  offensive  passages  in 
J,  substituting  religious  for  profane  motives,  and  divine  mir- 
acles for  human  deeds,  thus  spiritualizing  the  ancient  hero- 
sagas  (Smend,  Kittel).  E  moves  the  center  of  gravity  of 
Israel's  history  from  Judah  to  Joseph  (Sellin). 

It  is  evident  that  neither  J  nor  E  composed  his  narrative 
out  of  his  imagination.  Each  drew  on  the  existing  tradition. 
About  this  fact  there  is  no  question. 

But  there  is  a  question  whether  E  actually  used  J.  There 
are  numerous  considerations  that  point  in  the  direction  of  the 
use  of  J  by  E.  If  E  were  drawing  on  the  oral  tradition  quite 
independently  of  J,  one  would  naturally  expect  more  differ- 
ences between  J  and  E,  more  new  materials  in  E.  Further, 
the  differences  between  the  two  seem  to  be  just  such  as  would 
exist  if  E  had  J  before  him  and  were  intentionally  improving 
on  J's  version.  Hence  there  have  been  several  scholars  that 
have  asserted  a  literary  dependence  of  E  on  J :  so  Wellhausen, 
Kuenen,  E.  Meyer,  B.  Luther,  Smend;  George  Foote  Moore 
believes  that  E  was  probably  acquainted  with  J,  but  did  not 
copy  him.  Dillmann,  who  held  to  the  priority  of  E,  thought 
that  J  used  E  as  a  source. 


122  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH 

But  the  great  majority  of  critics  deny  a  literary  dependence 
(Eichrodt,  Gunkel,  et  al.).  It  is  generally  held  (with  Steuer- 
nagel)  that  the  differences  from  J  are  too  great  to  be  explained 
on  the  theory  of  literary  dependence.  The  numerous  agree- 
ments between  the  two  are  explained  by  the  actual  historical 
facts,  and  by  the  fixed  form  which  the  oral  tradition  had  as- 
sumed during  the  united  kingdom. 


THE  TEXT  OF  E 
1.  The  Story  of  Abraham.    J13.     P7. 
li.  God  Promises  Seed  and  the  Land  to  Abram.     J13i. 

Gn     151^. 3a. 2b. 5. 12a*. 13-15. 16 

lb  ...  in  a  vision,  saying,  Fear  not,  Abram:  I  am  thy 
shield,  and  thy  exceeding  great  reward. 

3a  And  Abram  said.  Behold,  to  me  thou  hast  given  no  seed, 
2b  and  he  that  shall  be  possessor  of  my  house  is  Eliezer  of 
Damascus. 

5  And  he  brought  him  forth  abroad,  and  said,  Look  now 
toward  heaven,  and  number  the  stars,  if  thou  be  able  to  num- 
ber them :  and  he  said  unto  him,  So  shall  thy  seed  be.  12a  .  .  . 
A  deep  sleep  fell  upon  Al)ram  ...  13  And  he  said  unto  Abram, 
Know  of  a  surety  that  thy  seed  shall  be  sojourners  in  a  land  that  is  not 
theirs,  and  shall  serve  them;  and  they  shall  afflict  them  four  hundred 
years;  14  and  also  that  nation,  whom  they  shall  serve,  will  I  judge:  and 
afterward  shall  they  come  out  with  great  substance.  15  But  thou  shalt 
go  to  thy  fathers  in  peace;  thou  shalt  be  buried  in  a  good  old  age.  16. 
And  in  the  fourth  generation  they  shall  come  hither  again :  for 
the  iniquity  of  the  Amorite  is  not  yet  full. 

lii.  Abraham's  Deception  Concerning  Sarah  in  Gerar. 
J13iv,  14iv. 

Gn.  201-1^ 

1  And  Abraham  journeyed  from  thence  toward  the  land  of 
the  South,  and  dwelt  between  Kadesh  and  Shur;  and  he  so- 
journed in  Gerar.  2  And  Abraham  said  of  Sarah  his  wife, 
She  is  my  sister:  and  Abimelech  king  of  Gerar  sent,  and  took 
Sarah.  3  But  God  came  to  Abimelech  in  a  dream  of  the  night, 
and  said  to  him.  Behold,  thou  art  but  a  dead  man,  because  of 
the  woman  whom  thou  hast  taken;  for  she  is  a  man's  wife. 
4  Now  Abimelech  had  not  come  near  her:  and  he  said.  Lord, 
wilt  thou  slay  even  a  righteous  nation?  5  Said  he  not  himself 
unto  me.  She  is  my  sister?  and  she,  even  she  herself  said,  He  is 
my  brother :  in  the  integrity  of  my  heart  and  the  innocency  of 
my  hands  have  I  done  this.  6  And  God  said  unto  him  in  the 
dream,  Yea,  I  know  that  in  the  integrity  of  thy  heart  thou 
hast  done  this,  and  I  also  withheld  thee  from  sinning  against 
me:  therefore  suffered  I  thee  not  to  touch  her.  7  Now  there- 
fore restore  the  man's  wife;  for  he  is  a  prophet,  and  he  shall 

"  There  is  considerable  difference  in  detail  among  critics  with  reference  to  the  above 
analysis.  Many  admit  the  presence  of  J  and  E,  but  do  not  attempt  to  separate  them. 
Bu.,  CH.,  Co.,  Gu.,  St.,  Mi.,  Ki.,  SB  (13-15  a:  J)  agree  substantially  on  the  analysis  as 
Riven.  But  the  division  is  liiKhly  precarious  (Sk.,  Eichr.,  Ki.).  The  opening  words  of  E 
(perh.  "God  spake  to  Abram")  were  omitted  by  Rje  in  favor  of  J  v.  la.  Tr.  in  lb:  "thy 
reward  is  exceeding  great." 

'■'  V.  18  Rje:  so  all,  vs.  v.  6.  Ecrd.  finds  polytheism  in  v.  13,  on  account  of  the  use  of 
"Elohim"  with  a  plural  verb  in  Hebrew. 

123 


124  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH      [  Gn.  20^ 

pray  for  thee,  and  thou  shalt  live :  and  if  thou  restore  her  not, 
know  thou  that  thou  shalt  surely  die,  thou,  and  all  that  are 
thine. 

8  And  Abimelech  rose  early  in  the  morning,  and  called  all 
his  servants,  and  told  all  these  things  in  their  ears:  and  the 
men  were  sore  afraid.  9  Then  Abimelech  called  Abraham,  and 
said  unto  him,  What  hast  thou  done  unto  us?  and  wherein 
have  I  siimed  against  thee,  that  thou  hast  brought  on  me  and 
on  my  kingdom  a  great  sin?  thou  hast  done  deeds  unto  me  that 
ought  not  to  be  done.  10  And  Abimelech  said  unto  Abraham, 
What  sawest  thou,  that  thou  hast  done  this  thing?  11  And 
Abraham  said.  Because  I  thought.  Surely  the  fear  of  God  is 
not  in  this  place;  and  they  will  slay  me  for  my  wife's  sake. 
12  And  moreover  she  is  indeed  my  sister,  the  daughter  of  my 
father,  but  not  the  daughter  of  my  mother;  and  she  became 
my  wife :  13  and  it  came  to  pass,  when  God  caused  me  to  wan- 
der from  my  father's  house,  that  I  said  unto  her.  This  is  thy 
kindness  which  thou  shalt  show  unto  me :  at  every  place  whither 
we  shall  come,  say  of  me.  He  is  my  brother.  14  And  Abimelech 
took  sheep  and  oxen,  and  men-servants  and  women-servants, 
and  gave  them  unto  Abraham,  and  restored  him  Sarah  his  wife. 
15  And  Abimelech  said.  Behold,  my  land  is  before  thee :  dwell 
where  it  pleaseth  thee.  16  And  unto  Sarah  he  said.  Behold,  I 
have  given  thy  brother  a  thousand  pieces  of  silver:  behold,  it 
is  for  thee  a  covering  of  the  eyes  to  all  that  are  with  thee ;  and 
in  respect  of  all  thou  art  righted.  17  And  Abraham  prayed 
unto  God:  and  God  healed  Abimelech,  and  his  wife,  and  his 
maid-servants ;  and  they  bare  children.  18  For  Jehovah  had  fast 
closed  up  all  the  wombs  of  the  house  of  Abimelech,  because  of  Sarah, 
Abraham's  wife. 

liii.  The  Birth  of  Isaac.    J13xi. 
Gn.  216* 
6a  And  Sarah  said,  God  hath  made  me  to  laugh. 

liv.    Expulsion   of   Hagar   and   Ishmael:   Promise   that 
IsHMAEL  Will  Become  a  Great  Nation.     JlSviii. 
P7iii,  8. 
Gn.  2P-21 

8  And  the  child  grew,  and  was  weaned :  and  Abraham  made 
a  great  feast  on  the  day  that  Isaac  was  weaned.  9  And  Sarah 
saw  the  son  of  Hagar  the  Egyptian,  whom  she  had  borne  unto 
Abraham,  mocking.     10  Wherefore  she  said  unto  Abraham, 


'"'  In  Hebrew,  this  verse  is  a  pun  on  the  name  "Isaac";  the  words  for  "Isaac"  and 
"laugh"  are  very  similar:  "God  hath  made  me  Isaac," 
>'»  V,  18  R:  We.,  Smend  only. 


...21"]  Elii-iv  125 

Cast  out  this  handmaid  and  her  son :  for  the  son  of  this  hand- 
maid shall  not  be  heir  with  my  son,  even  with  Isaac.  11  And 
the  thing  was  very  grievous  in  Abraham's  sight  on  account  of 
his  son.  12  And  God  said  unto  Abraham,  Let  it  not  be  griev- 
ous in  thy  sight  because  of  the  lad,  and  because  of  thy  hand- 
maid; in  all  that  Sarah  saith  unto  thee,  hearken  unto  her 
voice;  for  in  Isaac  shall  thy  seed  be  called.  13  And  also  of 
the  son  of  the  handmaid  will  I  make  a  nation,  because  he  is 
thy  seed.  14  And  Abraham  rose  up  early  in  the  morning,  and 
took  bread  and  a  bottle  of  water,  and  gave  it  unto  Hagar, 
putting  it  on  her  shoulder,  and  gave  her  the  child,  and  sent  her 
away:  and  she  de])arted,  and  wandered  in  the  wilderness  of 
Beer-sheba.  15  And  the  water  in  the  bottle  was  spent,  and 
she  cast  the  child  under  one  of  the  shrubs.  16  And  she  went, 
and  sat  her  down  over  against  him  a  good  way  off,  as  it  were  a 
bowshot:  for  she  said.  Let  me  not  look  upon  the  death  of  the 
child.  And  she  sat  over  against  him,  and  lifted  up  her  voice, 
and  wept.  17  And  God  heard  the  voice  of  the  lad;  and  the 
angel  of  God  called  to  Hagar  out  of  heaven,  and  said  unto  her. 
What  aileth  thee,  Hagar?  fear  not;  for  God  hath  heard  the 
voice  of  the  lad  where  he  is.  18  Arise,  lift  up  the  lad,  and 
hold  him  in  thy  hand;  for  I  will  make  him  a  great  nation. 
19  And  God  opened  her  eyes,  and  she  saw  a  well  of  water; 
and  she  went,  and  filled  the  bottle  with  water,  and  gave  the 
lad  drink.  20  And  God  was  with  the  lad,  and  he  grew;  and 
he  dwelt  in  the  wilderness,  and  became,  as  he  grew  up,  an 
archer.  21  And  he  dwelt  in  the  wilderness  of  Paran:  and  his 
mother  took  him  a  wife  out  of  the  land  of  Egypt. 

Iv.  Treaty  with  Abimelech  at  Beersheba.    J13xii.    Elii. 

Gn.  2P2-32 

22  And  it  came  to  pass  at  that  time,  that  Abimelech  and 
Phicol  the  captain  of  his  host  spake  unto  Abraham,  saying, 
God  is  with  thee  in  all  that  thou  doest:  23  now  therefore 
swear  unto  me  here  by  God  that  thou  wilt  not  deal  falsely 
with  me,  nor  with  my  son,  nor  with  my  son's  son :  but  accord- 
ing to  the  kindness  that  I  have  done  unto  thee,  thou  shalt  do 
unto  mv,  and  to  the  land  wherein  thou  hast  sojourned.  24  And 
Abraham  said,  I  will  swear.  25  And  Abraham  reproved  Abim- 
elech because  of  the  well  of  water  which  Abimelech's  servants 
had  violently  taken  way.  20  And  Abimelech  said,  I  know  not 
who  hath  done  this  thing :  neither  didst  thou  tell  me,  neither 
yet  heard  I  of  it,  but  to-day.    27  And  Abraham  took  sheep  and 


'vTrac-es  of  a  J  narrative  7— in  w.  25-2G.28-30  (Co.,  Gu.,  Sk.,  St.,  Pr.,  SB.,  Ki.?), 
V.  32  (Ku.,  Ba.,  Co.,  Ad.,  Gu.,  Sk.,  Ki.7,  SB).  But  the  passage  is  regarded  as  unified  by 
many,  including  Eerd.,  Eichr. 


126  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH    [Gn.  212' 

oxen,  and  gave  them  unto  Abimelech;  and  they  two  made  a 
covenant.  28  And  Abraham  set  seven  ewe  lambs  of  the  flock 
by  themselves.  29  And  Abimelech  said  unto  Abraham,  What 
mean  these  seven  ewe  lambs  which  thou  hast  set  by  them- 
selves? 30  And  he  said,  These  seven  ewe  lambs  shalt  thou 
take  of  my  hand,  that  it  may  be  a  witness  unto  me,  that  I 
have  digged  this  well.  31  Wherefore  he  called  that  place  Beer- 
sheba ;  because  there  they  sware  both  of  them.  32  So  they 
made  a  covenant  at  Beer-sheba :  and  Abimelech  rose  up,  and  Phicol 
the  captain  of  his  host,  and  they  returned  into  the  land  of  the  Philistines. 

Ivi.  Sacrifice  of  Isaac.    J13vii.    Eli. 

Gn.  221-18 

1  And  it  came  to  pass  after  these  things,  that  God  did  prove 
Abraham,  and  said  unto  him,  Abraham;  and  he  said.  Here  am 
I.  2  And  he  said.  Take  now  thy  son,  thine  only  son,  whom 
thou  lovest,  even  Isaac,  and  get  thee  into  the  land  of  Moriah; 
and  offer  him  there  for  a  burnt-offering  upon  one  of  the  moun- 
tains which  I  will  tell  thee  of.  3  And  Abraham  rose  early  in 
the  morning,  and  saddled  his  ass,  and  took  two  of  his  young 
men  with  him,  and  Isaac  his  son;  and  he  clave  the  wood  for 
burnt-offering,  and  rose  up,  and  went  unto  the  place  of  which 
God  had  told  him.  4  On  the  third  day  Abraham  lifted  up  his 
eyes,  and  saw  the  place  afar  off.  5  And  Abraham  said  unto 
his  young  men.  Abide  ye  here  with  the  ass,  and  I  and  the  lad 
will  go  yonder;  and  we  will  worship,  and  come  again  to  you. 
6  And  Abraham  took  the  wood  of  the  burnt-offering,  and  laid 
it  upon  Isaac  his  son ;  and  he  took  in  his  hand  the  fire  and  the 
Imife;  and  they  went  both  of  them  together.  7  And  Isaac 
spake  unto  Abraham  his  father,  and  said.  My  father:  and  he 
said.  Here  am  I,  my  son.  And  he  said,  Behold,  the  fire  and  the 
wood:  but  where  is  the  lamb  for  a  burnt-offering?  8  And 
Abraham  said,  God  will  provide  himself  the  lamb  for  a  burnt- 
offering,  my  son :  so  they  went  both  of  them  together. 

9  And  they  came  to  the  place  which  God  had  told  him  of; 
and  Abraham  built  the  altar  there,  and  laid  the  wood  in  order, 
and  bound  Isaac  his  son,  and  laid  him  on  the  altar,  upon  the 
wood.  10  And  Abraham  stretched  forth  his  hand,  and  took 
the  knife  to  slay  his  son.  11  And  the  angel  of  Jehovah  called 
unto  him  out  of  heaven,  and  said,  Abraham,  Abraham :  and  he 
said.  Here  am  I.    12  And  he  said.  Lay  not  thy  hand  upon  the 

1"'  The  name  "Moriah"  in  v.  2  is  difficult.  It  appears  elsewhere  only  in  2  Ch.  3',  where 
it  refers  to  the  temple  hill  in  Jerusalem.  Almost  all  critics  regard  it  as  R  or  a  textual  cor- 
ruption. Syr.  reads  "of  the  Amorites,"  which  is  accepted  as  original  by  Di.,  Gu.,  Dr.?, 
Pr.,  et  al.  Se.  alone  accepts  "Moriah"  (meaning  "Jerusalem"),  and  hence  dates  the  north- 
ern E  prior  to  the  division  of  the  kingdom  in  933. — Eerd.  finds  polytheism  here:  Elohim 
(the  gods),  and  Jehovah  (the  god  that  saves  Isaac). — Ki.  compares  the  story  of  Iphigenia. 
— The  redactional  material  is  due  to  Rje;  but  Syr.  reads  "God"  in  v.  11,  instead  of  "Je- 
hovah." 


...221]  Elv-2i  127 

lad,  neither  do  thou  anything  unto  him;  for  now  I  know  that 
thou  fearest  God,  seeing  thou  hast  not  withheld  thy  son,  thine 
only  son,  from  me.  13  And  Abrahtun  lifted  up  his  eyes, 
and  looked,  and,  behold,  behind  him  a  ram  caught  in  the 
thicket  by  his  horns:  and  Abraham  went  and  took  the  ram, 
and  offered  him  up  for  a  burnt-offering  in  the  stead  of  his  son. 

14  And  Abraham  called  the  name  of  that  place  Jehovah-jireh : 
as  it  is  said  to  this  day,  In  the  mount  of  Jehovah  it  shall  be  provided. 

15  And  the  angel  of  Jehovah  called  unto  Abraham  a  second  time  out  of 
heaven,  16  and  said,  By  myself  have  I  sworn,  saith  Jehovah,  because 
thou  hast  done  this  thing,  and  hast  not  withheld  thy  son,  thine  only  son, 
17  that  in  blessing  I  will  bless  thee,  and  in  multiplying  1  will  multipy  thy 
seed  as  the  stars  of  the  heavens,  and  as  the  sand  which  is  upon  the  sea- 
shore; and  thy  seed  shall  possess  the  gate  of  his  enemies;  18  and  in  thy 
seed  shall  aU  the  nations  of  the  earth  be  blessed;  because  thou  hast  obeyed 
my  voice. 

Ivii.  Abraham  at  Beersheba.     Jllxii.     Elvi. 

Gn.  2219 

19  So  Abraham  returned  unto  his  young  men,  and  they 
rose  up  and  went  together  to  Beer-sheba;  and  Abraham  dwelt 
at  Beer-sheba. 

2.  Isaac,  Jacob,  and  Esau.     J 14.     P9. 

2i.  Isaac  Deceived  by  Rebekah  and  Jacob  with  Reference 
TO  Esau.    J14iv,  v. 

Gn  27i'^-ii'i^'i^'i^'^'i9'2^"2^'2^'29'*"^'"^"^^'^"^* 

lb  And  said  unto  him,  My  son:  and  he  said  unto  him,  Here 
am  I  ...  11  And  Jacob  said  to  Rebekah  his  mother.  Behold, 
Esau  my  brother  is  a  hairy  man,  and  I  am  a  smooth  man. 
12  My  father  peradventure  will  feel  me,  and  I  shall  seem  to 
him  as  a  deceiver;  and  I  shall  bring  a  curse  upon  me,  and  not 
a  blessing.  13  And  his  mother  said  unto  him,  Upon  me  be 
thy  curse,  my  son ;  only  obey  my  voice,  and  go  fet(^h  me  them. 

16  And  she  put  the  skins  of  the  kids  of  the  goats  upon  his 
hands,  and  upon  the  smooth  of  his  neck. 

18b  And  said.  My  father:  and  he  said.  Here  am  I;  who  art 
thou,  my  son?  19  And  Jacob  said  unto  his  father,  I  am  Esau 
thy  first-bom;  I  have  done  according  as  thou  badest  me: 
arise,  I  pray  thee,  sit  and  eat  of  my  venison,  that  thy  soul  may 
bless  me. 

21  And  Isaac  said  unto  Jacob,  Come  near,  I  pray  thee,  that 

"  Ilje  h;is  preserved  only  fraKrnonta  of  E  in  this  passage.  Evidently,  the  J  and  E  ac- 
counts <)f  this  episode  were  very  similar.  In  spite  of  the  fragmentary  character  of  the 
above  reconstruction  of  E,  critics  Rcncrally  are  convinced  that  the  analysis  is  substantially 
correct,  except  that  Dr.  is  inclined  to  attribute  the  whole  account  to  J.  There  are  slight 
differences  in  analysis  by  Sk.,  Mi.,  Ka. — After  v.  30b,  E  evidently  told  of  the  return  of 
Esau. — v.  33b  is  spoken  by  Isaac  to  Esau. — 33b-34  are  assigned  to  J  by  Sk.,  SB. 


128  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH      [Gn.  27^1 

I  may  feel  thee,  my  son,  whether  thou  be  my  very  son  Esau 
or  not.  22  And  Jacob  went  near  unto  Isaac  his  father;  and 
he  felt  him,  and  said.  The  voice  is  Jacob's  voice,  but  the  hands 
are  the  hands  of  Esau.  23  And  he  discerned  him  not,  be- 
cause his  hands  were  hairy,  as  his  brother  Esau's  hands :  so  he 
blessed  him; — 

28  And  God  give  thee  of  the  dew  of  heaven, 
And  of  the  fatness  of  the  earth. 
And  plenty  of  grain  and  new  wine  .  .  . 
29a  Be  lord  over  thy  brethren. 

And  let  thy  mother's  sons  bow  down  to  thee. 
30b  And  Jacob  was  yet  scarce  gone  out  from  the  presence  of 
Isaac  his  father.  33b  And  I  have  eaten  of  all  before  thou 
earnest,  and  have  blessed  him,  yea,  and  he  shall  be  blessed. 
34  When  Esau  heard  the  words  of  his  father,  he  cried  with  an 
exceeding  great  and  bitter  cry,  and  said  unto  his  father,  Bless 
me,  even  me  also,  O  my  father. 

2ii.  Isaac  Blesses  Esau.    J14vi. 
Gn.  2739 
39  And  Isaac  his  father  answered  and  said  unto  him. 

Behold,  of  the  fatness  of  the  earth  shall  be  thy  dwelling, 

And  of  the  dew  of  heaven  from  above. 

3.  The  Story  of  Jacob. 

3i.  Angels  Appear  to  Jacob  on  a  Ladder  in  a  Dream  at 
Bethel.     J15i.     PlOiii. 

Gn.  28^^"^^'^^"^^-^°'^^ 

11  And  he  Hghted  upon  a  certain  place,  and  tarried  there 
all  night,  because  the  sun  was  set;  and  he  took  one  of  the 
stones  of  the  place,  and  put  it  under  his  head,  and  lay  down 
in  that  place  to  sleep.  12  And  he  dreamed;  and,  behold,  a 
ladder  set  up  on  the  earth,  and  the  top  of  it  reached  to  heaven ; 
and,  behold,  the  angels  of  God  ascending  and  descending  on  it. 

17  And  he  was  afraid,  and  said.  How  dreadful  is  this  place! 
this  is  none  other  than  the  house  of  God,  and  this  is  the  gate 
of  heaven. 

18  And  Jacob  rose  up  early  in  the  morning,  and  took  the 
stone  that  he  had  put  under  his  head,  and  set  it  up  for  a  pillar, 
and  poured  oil  upon  the  top  of  it.  20  And  Jacob  vowed  a  vow, 
saying.  If  God  will  be  with  me,  and  will  keep  me  in  this  way 
that  I  go,  and  will  give  me  bread  to  eat,  and  raiment  to  put  on, 

2"  The  expressions  "of  the  fatness"  and  "of  the  dew"  should  be  translated,  as  in  the 
Am.  Rev.,  margin,  "away  from  the  fatness,"  "away  from  the  dew."  As  it  stands  above, 
Isaac  blesses  Esau;  in  reaUty  he  curses  him,  with  the  antithesis  of  Jacob's  blessing  Gn. 
2728  in  E2i. 

3'  V.  21b  is  Rje.  v.  22  reflects  E's  view  of  the  importance  o(  Bethel  as  a  sanctuary 
where  tithes  are  paid.    The  "pillar"  is  the  massebah,  bo  frequent  in  E. 


...29^0  ]  E2i-3v  129 

21  so  that  I  come  again  to  my  father's  house  in  peace,  and  Jeho- 
vah will  be  my  God,  22  then  this  stone,  which  I  have  set  up  for 
a  pillar,  shall  be  God's  house:  and  of  all  that  thou  shalt  give 
me  I  will  surely  give  the  tenth  unto  thee. 

3ii.  Jacob  Goes  to  the  Land  of  the  Children  of  the  East. 
J15ii. 

Gn.  291 

1  Then  Jacob  went  on  his  journey,  and  came  to  the  land  of 
the  children  of  the  east. 

3iii.  Jacob  Serves  Laban  Seven  Years  for  Rachel.  J15iii. 
PlOi. 

Gn.  291^-20 

15  And  Laban  said  unto  Jacob,  Because  thou  art  my  brother, 
shouldest  thou  therefore  serve  me  for  nought?  tell  me,  what 
shall  thy  wages  be?  16  And  Laban  had  two  daughters:  the 
name  of  the  elder  was  Leah,  and  the  name  of  the  younger  was 
Rachel.  17  And  Leah's  eyes  were  tender;  but  Rachel  was 
beautiful  and  well-favored.  18  And  Jacob  loved  Rachel;  and 
he  said,  I  will  serve  thee  seven  years  for  Rachel  thy  younger 
daughter.  19  And  Laban  said,  It  is  better  that  I  give  her  to 
thee,  than  that  I  should  give  her  to  another  man:  abide  with 
me.  20  And  Jacob  served  seven  years  for  Rachel;  and  they 
seemed  unto  him  but  a  few  days,  for  the  love  he  had  to  her. 

3iv.  Laban  Deceives  Jacob  Regarding  Leah  and  Rachel. 

Gn.  2921-23-25 

21  And  Jacob  said  unto  Laban,  Give  me  my  wife,  for  my 
days  are  fulfilled,  that  I  may  go  in  unto  her.  22  And  Laban 
gathered  together  all  the  men  of  the  place,  and  made  a  feast. 
23  And  it  came  to  pass  in  the  evening,  that  he  took  Leah  his 
daughter,  and  brought  her  to  him;  imd  he  went  in  unto  her. 
25  And  it  came  to  pass  in  the  morning  that,  behold,  it  was 
Leah :  and  he  said  to  Laban,  What  is  this  thou  hast  done  unto 
me?  did  I  not  serve  with  thee  for  Rachel?  wherefore  then  hast 
thou  beguiled  me? 

3v.  Jacob  Serves  Laban  Seven  Years  for  Leah.  JlSiii. 
PlOi. 

Gn.   29"-28a.30 

27  Fulfill  the  week  of  this  one,  and  we  will  give  thee  the 
other  also  for  the  service  which  thou  shalt  serve  with  me  yet 
seven  other  years.  28a  And  Jacob  did  so,  and  fulfilled  her 
week.  30  Antl  he  went  in  also  unto  Rachel,  and  he  loved  also 
Rachel  more  than  Leah,  and  served  with  him  yet  seven  other 
years. 


130  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH      [  Gn.  30^ 

3vi.  Birth  of  Jacob's  Sons.     J15iv.     PlOiv. 

1  And  when  Rachel  saw  that  she  bare  Jacob  no  children,  Ra- 
chel envied  her  sister ;  and  she  said  unto  Jacob,  Give  me  children, 
or  else  I  die.  2  And  Jacob's  anger  was  kindled  against  Rachel : 
and  he  said,  Am  I  in  God's  stead,  who  hath  withheld  from  thee 
the  fruit  of  the  womb?  3a  And  she  said.  Behold,  my  maid  Bil- 
hah,  go  in  unto  her ;  that  she  may  bear  upon  my  knees. 

6  And  Rachel  said,  God  hath  judged  me,  and  hath  also  heard 
my  voice,  and  hath  given  me  a  son:  therefore  called  she  his 
name  Dan.  8  And  Rachel  said,  With  mighty  wrestlings  have 
I  wrestled  with  my  sister,  and  have  prevailed :  and  she  called 
his  name  Naphtali. 

17  And  God  hearkened  unto  Leah,  and  she  conceived,  and 
bare  Jacob  a  fifth  son.  18  And  Leah  said,  God  hath  given  me 
my  hire,  because  I  gave  my  handmaid  to  my  husband :  and 
she  called  his  name  Issachar.  19  And  Leah  conceived  again, 
and  bare  a  sixth  son  to  Jacob.  20a  And  Leah  said,  God  hath 
endowed  me  with  a  good  dowry. 

22a  And  God  hearkened  to  her,  and  opened  her  womb. 
23  And  she  conceived,  and  bare  a  son:  and  said,  God  hath 
taken  away  my  reproach. 

3vii.  Jacob  Prepares  to  Leave  Laban,  and  Secures  His 
Wages.     J15v. 

Gn.  3026-28.32-34  3p.4-18a 

30^®  Give  me  my  wives  and  my  children  for  whom  I  have 
served  thee,  and  let  me  go :  for  thou  knowest  my  service  where- 
with I  have  served  thee. 

28  And  he  said.  Appoint  me  thy  wages,  and  I  will  give  it. 

32  I  will  pass  through  all  thy  flock  to-day,  removing  from 
thence  every  speckled  and  spotted  one,  and  every  black  one 
among  the  sheep,  and  the  spotted  and  speckled  among  the 
goats :  and  of  such  shall  be  my  hire.  33  So  shall  my  righteous- 
ness answer  for  me  hereafter,  when  thou  shalt  come  concerning 
my  hire  that  is  before  thee :  every  one  that  is  not  speckled  and 
spotted  among  the  goats,  and  black  among  the  sheep,  that  if 
found  with  me,  shall  be  counted  stolen. 

34  And  Laban  said,  Behold,  I  would  it  might  be  according 
to  thy  word. 

3P  And  Jacob  beheld  the  countenance  of  Laban,  and,  be- 
hold, it  was  not  toward  him  as  beforetime. 

'»'  V.  6  "he  judged,"  in  Hebr.,  dan. — v.  8  "wrestled,"  Hebr.  niphtal  (Naphtali) — v.  18 
"hire,"  Hebr.  sachar  (Issachar). — In  v.  22a,  "her"  refers  to  Rachel. — v.  23  is  E's  account 
of  the  birth  of  Joseph — manifestly  incomplete. 

3vii  3110.12  R:  We.,  Di.,  CH.,  Gu.,  Pr.,  Mi.,  Ho.,  GFM.,  SB.  E:  Dr.,  St.,  Smend.  In 
302«  Jacob  speaks;  v.  28,  Laban;  v.  32,  Jacob. 


...3P'»  ]  E3vi-viii  131 

4  And  Jacob  sent  and  called  Rachel  and  Leah  to  the  field 
unto  his  flock,  5  and  said  unto  them,  I  see  your  father's  coun- 
tenance, that  it  is  not  toward  me  as  beforetime;  but  the  God 
of  my  father  hath  been  with  me.  6  And  ye  know  that  with 
all  my  power  I  have  served  your  father.  7  And  your  father 
hath  deceived  me,  and  changed  my  wages  ten  times;  but  God 
suffered  him  not  to  hurt  me.  8  If  he  said  thus,  The  speckled 
shall  be  thy  wages;  then  all  the  flock  bare  speckled:  and  if 
he  said  thus,  The  ringstreaked  shall  be  thy  wages;  then  bare 
all  the  flock  ringstreaked.  9  Thus  God  hath  taken  away  the 
cattle  of  your  father,  and  given  them  to  me.  10  And  it  came  to 
pass  at  the  time  that  the  flock  conceive,  that  I  Uftcd  up  mine  eyes,  and  saw 
in  a  dream,  and,  behold,  the  he-goats  which  leaped  upon  the  flock  were 
ringstreaked,  speckled,  and  grizzled.  1 1  And  the  angel  of  God  said 
unto  me  in  the  dream,  Jacob:  and  I  said,  Here  am  I.  12  And 
he  said.  Lift  up  now  thine  eyes,  and  see:  all  the  he-goats  which  leap  upon 
the  flock  are  ringstreaked,  speckled,  and  grizzled:  for  I  have  seen  all 
that  Laban  doeth  unto  thee.  13  I  am  the  God  of  Beth-el,  where 
thou  anointedst  a  pillar,  where  thou  vowedst  a  vow  unto  me : 
now  arise,  get  thee  out  from  this  land,  and  return  unto  the  land 
of  thy  nativity.  14  And  Rachel  and  Leah  answered  and  said 
unto  him,  Is  there  yet  any  portion  or  inheritance  for  us  in  our 
father's  house?  15  Are  we  not  accounted  by  him  as  foreigners? 
for  he  hath  sold  us,  and  hath  also  quite  devoured  our  money. 
16  For  all  the  riches  which  God  hath  taken  away  from  our 
father,  that  is  ours  and  our  children's :  now  then,  whatsoever 
God  hath  said  unto  thee,  do. 

17  Then  Jacob  rose  up,  and  set  his  sons  and  his  wives  upon 
the  camels;    18a  and  he  carried  away  all  his  cattle. 

3viii.  Laban  Pursues  Jacob  to  Gilead,  Where  They  Make 
A  Treaty.     J15vi.     PlOii. 

Gn.  3119-24. 26. 28-45. 53b-55 

19  Now  Laban  was  gone  to  shear  his  sheep:  and  Rachel 
stole  the  teraphim  that  were  her  father's.  20  And  Jacob  stole 
away  unawares  to  Laban  the  Syrian,  in  that  he  told  him  not 
that  he  fled.  21  So  he  fled  with  all  that  he  had;  and  he  rose 
up,  and  passed  over  the  River,  and  set  his  face  toward  the 
mountain  of  Gilead. 

22  And  it  was  told  Laban  on  the  third  day  that  Jacob  was 
fled.  23  And  h(;  took  his  brethren  with  him,  and  ])ursued  after 
him  seven  days'  journey;  and  he  overtook  him  in  the  moun- 
tain of  Gilead.     24  And  God  came  to  Laban  the  Syrian  in  a 


>>■"'  V.  21  (in  part)  perh.  J:  Co.,  Mi.,  Sk.,  St.,  SB.  (19a,  21J),  Gu.  Majority,  E.  Perh. 
also  traces  of  J  in  vv.  31,  36a,  38-40,  44:  SB.  et  al.  Smend  assigns  much  of  the  "E"  ma- 
terial to  J'  and  J 2. 


132  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH     [  Gn.  SV^ 

dream  of  the  night,  and  said  unto  him,  Take  heed  to  thyself 
that  thou  speak  not  to  Jacob  either  good  or  bad. 

26  And  Laban  said  to  Jacob,  What  hast  thou  done,  that 
thou  hast  stolen  away  unawares  to  me,  and  carried  away  my 
daughters  as  captives  of  the  sword?  28  and  didst  not  suffer 
me  to  kiss  my  sons  and  my  daughters?  now  hast  thou  done 
foolishly.  29  It  is  in  the  power  of  my  hand  to  do  you  hurt: 
but  the  God  of  your  father  spake  unto  me  yesternight,  saying. 
Take  heed  to  thyself  that  thou  speak  not  to  Jacob  either  good 
or  bad.  30  And  now,  though  thou  wouldest  needs  be  gone,  be- 
cause thou  sore  longedst  after  thy  father's  house,  yet  wherefore 
hast  thou  stolen  my  gods?  31  And  Jacob  answered  and  said 
to  Laban,  Because  I  was  afraid :  for  I  said.  Lest  thou  shouldest 
take  thy  daughters  from  me  by  force.  32  With  whomsoever 
thou  findest  thy  gods,  he  shall  not  live :  before  our  brethren 
discern  thou  what  is  thine  with  me,  and  take  it  to  thee.  For 
Jacob  knew  not  that  Rachel  had  stolen  them. 

33  And  Laban  went  into  Jacob's  tent,  and  into  Leah's  tent, 
and  into  the  tent  of  the  two  maid-servants;  but  he  found 
them  not.  And  he  went  out  of  Leah's  tent,  and  entered  into 
Rachel's  tent.  34  Now  Rachel  had  taken  the  teraphim,  and 
put  them  in  the  camel's  saddle,  and  sat  upon  them.  And 
Laban  felt  about  all  the  tent,  but  found  them  not.  35  And  she 
said  to  her  father,  Let  not  my  lord  be  angry  that  I  camiot  rise 
up  before  thee ;  for  the  manner  of  women  is  upon  me.  And  he 
searched,  but  found  not  the  teraphim. 

36  And  Jacob  was  wroth,  and  chode  with  Laban :  and  Jacob 
answered  and  said  to  Laban,  What  is  my  trespass?  what  is  my 
sin,  that  thou  hast  hotly  pursued  after  me?  37  Whereas  thou 
hast  felt  about  all  my  stuff,  what  hast  thou  found  of  all  thy 
household  stuff?  Set  it  here  before  my  brethren  and  thy  breth- 
ren, that  they  may  judge  betwixt  us  two.  38  These  twenty 
years  have  I  been  with  thee;  thy  ewes  and  thy  she-goats  have 
not  cast  their  young,  and  the  rams  of  thy  flock  have  I  not  eaten. 
39  That  which  was  torn  of  beasts  I  brought  not  unto  thee;  I 
bare  the  loss  of  it;  of  my  hand  didst  thou  require  it,  whether 
stolen  by  day  or  stolen  by  night.  40  Thus  I  was;  in  the  day 
the  drought  consumed  me,  and  the  frost  by  night;  and  my 
sleep  fled  from  mine  eyes.  41  These  twenty  years  have  I 
been  in  thy  house;  I  served  thee  fourteen  years  for  thy  two 
daughters,  and  six  years  for  thy  flock :  and  thou  hast  changed 
my  wages  ten  times.  42  Except  the  God  of  my  father,  the  God 
of  Abraham,  and  the  Fear  of  Isaac,  had  been  with  me,  surely  now 
hadst  thou  sent  me  away  empty.  God  hath  seen  mine  affliction 
and  the  labor  of  my  hands,  and  rebuked  thee  yesternight. 

43  And  Laban  answered  and  said  unto  Jacob,  The  daughters 


...322'^  ]  E3viii-xi  13o 

are  my  daughters,  and  the  childrtm  are  my  children,  and  the 
flocks  are  my  flocks,  and  all  that  thou  scest  is  mine :  and  what 
can  I  do  this  day  unto  these  my  daughters,  or  unto  their  chil- 
dren whom  they  have  l>orne?  44  And  now  come,  let  us  make  a 
covenant,  I  and  thou;  and  let  it  be  for  a  witness  between  me 
and  thee.  45  And  JatK)b  took  a  stone,  and  set  it  up  for  a  pillar. 
53b  And  Jacob  sware  by  the  Fear  of  his  father  Isaac.  54  And 
Jacob  offered  a  sacrifice  in  the  mountain,  and  called  his  breth- 
ren to  eat  bread:  and  they  did  eat  bread,  and  tarried  all  night 
in  the  mountain.  55  And  early  in  tlu;  morning  Liiban  rose  up, 
and  kissed  his  sons  and  his  daughters,  and  blessed  them:  and 
Laban  departed  and  returned  unto  his  place. 

Six.  The  Angels  at  Mahanaim. 

Gn.  321-2 

1  And  Jacob  went  on  his  way,  and  the  angels  of  God  met 
him.  2  And  Jacob  said  when  he  saw  them.  This  is  God's  host : 
and  he  called  the  name  of  that  place  Mahanaim. 

3x.  Jacob  Sues  for  Peace  with  Esau.    J15vii. 

Gn.  32i''b-2i 

13b  And  took  of  that  which  he  had  with  him  a  present  for 
Esau  his  l)rother:  14  two  hundred  she-goats  and  twenty  he- 
goats,  two  hundred  ewes  and  twenty  rams,  15  thirty  milch 
camels  and  their  colts,  forty  cows  and  ten  bulls,  twenty  she- 
asses  and  ten  foals.  16  And  he  delivered  them  into  the  hand  of 
his  servants,  every  drove  by  itself,  and  said  unto  his  servants. 
Pass  over  before  me,  and  put  a  space  betwixt  drove  and  drove. 

17  And  he  commanded  the  foremost,  saying.  When  Esau  my 
brother  meeteth  thee,  and  asketh  thee,  saying,  Whose  art  thou? 
and  whither  goest  thou?  and  whose  are  these  before  thee? 

18  then  thou  shalt  say,  Theij  are  thy  servant  Jacob's;  it  is  a 
present  sent  unto  my  lord  Esau :  and,  behold,  he  also  is  behind 
us.  19  And  he  commanded  also  the  second,  and  the  third, 
and  all  that  followed  the  droves,  saying.  On  this  manner  shall 
ye  speak  unto  Esau,  when  ye  find  him;  20  and  ye  shall  say, 
Moreover,  behold,  thy  servant  Jacob  is  behind  us.  For  he 
said,  I  will  appease  him  with  the  present  that  goeth  before  me, 
and  afterward  I  will  see  his  face;  peradventure  he  will  accept 
me.  21  So  the  present  passed  over  before  him:  and  he  him- 
self lodged  that  night  in  the  company. 

3xi.  Jacob  Crosses  "the  Stream."     JlSviii. 

Gn.  3223 

23  And  he  took  them,  and  sent  them  over  the  stream,  and 
sent  over  that  which  he  had. 

3^  .J :  Ba.,  CH.,  Mi.     JE :  Ka.     E :  all  others. 
'^'  Perh.  partly  J:  Ba.,  Gu.,  Mi.,  Sk. 


134  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH      [  Gn.  33^ 

3xii.  Jacob  and  Esau  Are  Reconciled  (incomplete).  J15x. 

Gn.  335*'i<»'-ii'' 

5b  And  he  said,  The  children  whom  God  hath  graciously 
given  thy  servant.  10b  Forasmuch  as  I  have  seen  thy  face, 
as  one  seeth  the  face  of  God,  and  thou  wast  pleased  with  me, 
1  la  take,  I  pray  thee,  my  gift  that  is  brought  to  thee ;  because 
God  hath  dealt  graciously  with  me,  and  because  I  have  enough. 

3xiii.  Jacob  at  Shechem.     E3xv,  72.     PlOii. 

Gn.  33i8b-2o 

18b  And  encamped  before  the  city.  19  And  he  bought  the 
parcel  of  ground,  where  he  had  spread  his  tent,  at  the  hand  of 
the  children  of  Hamor,  Shechem's  father,  for  a  hundred  pieces  of 
money.  20  And  he  erected  there  an  altar,  and  called  it  El- 
Elohe-Israel. 

3xiv.  Shechem  and  Dinah.    J15xi.     E5  (Gn.  4822).   Jg.  9, We. 

Gn     341-2a. 4. 6. 8- 10. 13. 15- 18. 20-24. 25*. 27-29 

1  And  Dinah  the  daughter  of  Leah,  whom  she  bare  unto 
Jacob,  went  out  to  see  the  daughters  of  the  land.  2a  And 
Shechem  the  son  of  Hamor  the  Hivite,  the  prince  of  the  land, 
saw  her.  4  And  Shechem  spake  unto  his  father  Hamor,  say- 
ing. Get  me  this  damsel  to  wife.  6  And  Hamor  the  father  of 
Shechem  went  out  unto  Jacob  to  commune  with  him. 

8  And  Hamor  communed  with  them,  saying,  The  soul  of 
my  son  Shechem  longeth  for  your  daughter:  I  pray  you,  give 
her  unto  him  to  wife.  9  And  make  ye  marriages  with  us; 
give  your  daughters  unto  us,  and  take  our  daughters  unto  you. 
10  Aiid  ye  shall  dwell  with  us:  and  the  land  shall  be  before 
you;  dwell  and  trade  ye  therein,  and  get  you  possessions 
therein. 

13  And  the  sons  of  Jacob  answered  Shechem  and  Hamor  his 
father  with  guile,  and  spake,  because  he  had  defiled  Dinah  their  sister, 
15  Only  on  this  condition  will  we  consent  unto  you :  if  ye  will 
be  as  we  are,  that  every  male  of  you  be  circumcised ;  16  then 
will  we  give  our  daughters  unto  you,  and  we  will  take  your 
daughters  to  us,  and  we  will  dwell  with  you,  and  we  will  be- 
come one  people.  17  But  if  ye  will  not  hearken  unto  us,  to  be 
circumcised;  then  will  we  take  our  daughter,  and  we  will  be 
gone. 

18  And  their  words  pleased  Hamor,  and  Shechem  Hamor's  son. 
20  And  Hamor  and  Shechem  his  son  came  unto  the  gate  of  their 


3^"  J:  Dr.,  CH.,  St.    E:  all  others. 

3'''>' E  (cf.  355):  most  critics,  as  Co.,  Pr.,  Gr.,  et  al.  P:  Di.,  Dr.;  and  Ki.  formerly 
assigned  to  P,  but  now  E.  R:  Ku.  "AU  admit  a  priestly  redaction."  So  Sk.,  Smend. 
The  redactional  material  indicated  in  the  text  follows  Sk.,  and  the  majority,  w.  27-29 
Rp:  Di.,  and  cf.  P77  Nu.  31,  Smend. 


...35^  ]  E3xii-xv  135 

city,  and  communed  with  the  men  of  their  city,  saying,  21  These 
men  are  peaceable  with  us;  therefore  let  them  dwell  in  the 
land,  and  trade  therein;  for,  behold,  the  land  is  large  enough 
for  them;  let  us  take  their  daughters  to  us  for  \vives,  and  let 
us  give  them  our  daughters.  22  Only  on  this  condition  will 
the  men  consent  unto  us  to  dwell  with  us,  to  become  one  peo- 
ple, if  every  male  among  us  be  circumcised,  as  they  are  cir- 
cumcised, 23  Shall  not  their  cattle  and  their  substance  and 
all  their  beasts  be  ours?  only  let  us  consent  unto  them,  and  they 
will  dwell  with  us.  24  And  unto  Hamor  and  unto  Shcchcm  his  son 
hearkened  all  that  went  out  of  the  gate  of  his  city ;  and  every 
male  was  circumcised,  all  that  went  out  of  the  gate  of  his  city. 
25a  And  it  came  to  pass  on  the  third  day,  when  they  were 
sore  .  .  .  ,  and  came  upon  the  city  unawares,  and  slew  all 
the  males.  27  The  sons  of  Jacob  came  upon  the  slain,  and 
plundered  the  city,  because  they  had  defiled  their  sister.  28  They 
took  their  flocks  and  their  herds  and  their  asses,  and  that  which 
was  in  the  city,  and  that  which  was  in  the  field;  29  and  all 
their  wealth,  and  all  their  little  ones  and  their  wives,  took  they 
captive  and  made  a  prey,  even  all  that  was  in  the  house. 

3xv.  Jacob's  Altar  and  Massebah  at  Bethel.  J13i.  E3i, 
ix,  xiii.    PlOiii. 

Gn.  35'-' ■^''-^■'^ 

1  And  God  said  unto  Jacob,  Arise,  go  up  to  Beth-el,  and 
dwell  there :  and  make  there  an  altar  unto  God,  who  appeared 
imto  thee  when  thou  fleddest  from  the  face  of  Esau  thy  brother. 
2  Then  Jacob  said  unto  his  household,  and  to  all  that  were 
with  him,  Put  away  the  foreig-Q  gods  that  are  among  you,  and 
purify  yourselves,  and  change  your  garments:  3  and  let  us 
arise  and  go  up  to  Beth-el ;  and  I  will  make  there  an  altar  unto 
God,  who  answered  me  in  the  day  of  my  distress,  and  was  with 
me  in  the  way  which  I  went.  4  And  they  gave  unto  Jacob  all 
the  foreign  gods  which  were  in  their  hand,  and  the  rings  which 
were  in  their  ears;  and  Jacob  hid  them  under  the  oak  which 
was  by  Shechem. 

5  And  they  journeyed:  and  a  terror  of  God  was  upon  the 
cities  that  were  round  about  them,  and  they  did  not  pursue 
after  the  sons  of  Jacob. 

6b  He  and  all  the  people  that  were  with  him.  7  And  he 
built  there  an  altar,  and  called  the  place  El-beth-el;  because 
there  God  was  revealed  unto  him,  when  he  fled  from  the  face 
of  his  brother. 


»»"  w.  2,  4  Smend  interprets  as  due  to  E's  monotheism;  while  Eerd.  and  Eichr.  re- 
gard the  verses  as  polytheistic.  Was  polytheism  normal  in  Jacob's  family,  and  the  journey 
to  Bethel  an  exceptional  honor  to  a  particular  god,  or  was  the  worship  of  the  one  God 
viewed  by  E  as  Jacob's  general  practice?    v.  5  R:  Ku.,  Di.,  Eichr.  (p.  94). 


136  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH      [  Gn.  358 

8  And  Deborah  Rebekah's  nurse  died,  and  she  was  buried 
below  Beth-el  under  the  oak:  and  the  name  of  it  was  called 
Allon-bacuth. 

14  And  Jacob  set  up  a  pillar  in  the  place  where  he  spake 
with  him,  a  pillar  of  stone :  and  he  poured  out  a  drink-offering 
thereon,  and  poured  oil  thereon. 

3xvi.  Birth  of  Benjamin  and  Death  of  Rachel  Near 
Ephrath:  Massebah. 

Gn.  3516-20 

16  And  they  journeyed  from  Beth-el;  and  there  was  still 
some  distance  to  come  to  Ephrath:  and  Rachel  travailed,  and 
she  had  hard  labor.  17  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  she  was  in 
hard  labor,  that  the  midwife  said  unto  her,  Fear  not;  for  now 
thou  shalt  have  another  son.  18  And  it  came  to  pass,  as  her 
soul  was  departing  (for  she  died),  that  she  called  his  name 
Ben-oni :  but  his  father  called  him  Benjamin.  19  And  Rachel 
died,  and  was  buried  in  the  way  to  Ephrath  (the  same  is  Beth- 
lehem). 20  And  Jacob  set  up  a  pillar  upon  her  grave:  the  same 
is  the  Pillar  of  Rachel's  grave  unto  this  day. 

4.  The  Story  of  Joseph.    J18.    P12. 

4i.  The  Dreams  of  Joseph. 

Gn.  375-11 

5  And  Joseph  dreamed  a  dream,  and  he  told  it  to  his  breth- 
ren: and  they  hated  him  yet  the  more.  6  And  he  said  unto 
them.  Hear,  I  pray  you,  this  dream  which  I  have  dreamed: 

7  for,  behold,  we  were  binding  sheaves  in  the  field,  and,  lo, 
my  sheaf  arose,  and  also  stood  upright;  and,  behold,  your 
sheaves  came  round  about,  and  made  obeisance  to  my  sheaf. 

8  And  his  brethren  said  to  him,  Shalt  thou  indeed  reign  over 
us?  or  shalt  thou  indeed  have  dominion  over  us?  And  they 
hated  him  yet  the  more  for  his  dreams,  and  for  his  words.  9  And  he 
dreamed  yet  another  dream,  and  told  it  to  his  brethren,  and 
said.  Behold,  I  have  dreamed  yet  a  dream;  and,  behold,  the 
sun  and  the  moon  and  eleven  stars  made  obeisance  to  me. 
10  And  he  told  it  to  his  father,  and  to  his  brethren;  and  his 
father  rebuked  him,  and  said  unto  him.  What  is  this  dream 
that  thou  hast  dreamed?  Shall  I  and  thy  mother  and  thy 
brethren  indeed  come  to  bow  down  ourselves  to  thee  to  the 
earth?  11  And  his  brethren  envied  him;  but  his  father  kept 
the  saying  in  mind. 

'^vi  "Ben-oni" means  in  Hebr.,  the  son  of  my  sorrow,  and  "Benjamin,"  the  son  of  the  right 
hand.—v.  19,  cf.  E5  .(Gn.  48'),  1  S.  10^  Jer.  31".  Ephrath  in  E  was  north  Israelitic 
(Smend). 

♦'  V.  5b,  om.  LXX.    The  entire  passage  is  assigned  to  J-  by  Smend, 


...402  ]  E3xv-4iv  137 

4ii.  Joseph  Taken  to  Egypt  by  the  Midianites.    J18i. 

Gn     37 13c. 14ab.  16- 17. 18a.  19-20. 22. 24  .28*. 29-3 1.34 

13c  And  he  said  to  him,  Here  am  I.  14ab  And  he  said  to 
him,  Go  now,  sec  whether  it  is  well  with  thy  brethren,  and 
well  with  the  flock ;  and  bring  me  word  again. 

15  And  a  certain  man  found  him,  and,  behold,  he  was  wan- 
dering in  the  field:  and  the  man  asked  him,  saying.  What 
seekest  thou?  16  And  he  said,  I  am  seeking  my  brethren: 
tell  me,  I  pray  thee,  where  they  are  feeding  the  flock.  17  And 
the  man  said,  They  are  departed  hence;  for  I  h(>ard  them  say, 
Let  us  go  to  Dothan.  And  Joseph  went  after  his  brethren, 
and  found  them  in  Dothan.  18a  And  they  saw  him  afar  off. 
19  And  they  said  one  to  another.  Behold,  this  dreamer  com- 
eth.  20  Come  now  therefore,  and  let  us  slay  him,  and  cast 
him  into  one  of  the  pits,  and  we  will  say,  An  evil  beast  hath 
devoured  him :  and  we  shall  see  what  will  become  of  his  dreams. 
22  And  Reuben  said  unto  them.  Shed  no  blood ;  cast  him  into 
this  pit  that  is  in  the  wilderness,  but  lay  no  hand  upon  him: 
that  he  might  deliver  him  out  of  their  hand,  to  restore  him  to 
his  father.  24  And  they  took  him,  and  cast  him  into  the  pit: 
and  the  pit  was  empty,  there  was  no  water  in  it. 

28  And  there  passed  by  Midianites,  merchantmen ;  and  they 
drew  and  lifted  up  Joseph  out  of  the  pit.  .  .  .  And  they  brought 
Joseph  into  Egypt. 

29  And  Reuben  returned  unto  the  pit;  and,  behold,  Joseph 
was  not  in  the  pit;  and  he  rent  his  clothes.  30  And  he  re- 
turned unto  his  brethren,  and  said.  The  child  is  not;  and  I, 
whither  shall  I  go?  31  And  they  took  Joseph's  coat,  and 
killed  a  he-goat,  and  dipped  the  coat  in  the  blood.  34  And 
Jacob  rent  his  garments,  and  put  sackcloth  upon  his  loins,  and 
mourned  for  his  son  many  days. 

4iii.  Joseph  the  Slave  of  Potiphar.     J18ii. 

Gn.  37'^«  39'*«^ 

37^^  And  the  Midianites  sold  him  into  Egypt  unto  Potiphar, 
an  officer  of  Pharaoh's,  the  captain  of  the  guard.  39'  .  .  . 
And  he  ministered  unto  him  .  .  .  6a  And  he  k^ft  all  that  he 
had  in  Joseph's  hand;  and  he  knew  not  aught  that  was  with 
him,  save  the  bread  which  he  did  eat. 

4iv.   Joseph,   in   Charge   of  Two   Prisoners,   Interprets 
Their  Dreams.     J18iii. 

Gn     402-3a.4-5a.6-15a. 16-23 

2  And  Pharaoh  was  wroth  against  his  two  officers,  against 

«iiw.  15-17  J?:  We.,  Dr.,  Mi.,  Smend,  Ki.,  SB.— v.  20a  J:  Co.,  GFM.,  Sk.— v.  34b 
J:  Co.,  Sk.,  Gu.,  Smend,  SR. 

4ni  391.6a  E:  Ad.,  Ka.,  CH.,  Ba.,  Gu.,  Co.,  Sk.,  Pr.    II:  Mi.    Others,  J.— v.  6a  J:  SB. 
*'^  Even  Eerd.  admits  that  vv.  3b,  5b  do  not  belong  in  this  connection. 


138  SOURCES  OF  THE   HEXATEUCH      [  Gn.  40^ 

the  chief  of  the  butlers,  and  against  the  chief  of  the  bakers. 
3a  And  he  put  them  in  ward  in  the  house  of  the  captain  of 
the  guard.  4  And  the  captain  of  the  guard  charged  Joseph 
with  them,  and  he  ministered  unto  them:  and  they  continued 
a  season  in  ward. 

5a  And  they  dreamed  a  dream  both  of  them,  each  man  his 
dream,  in  one  night,  each  man  according  to  the  interpretation 
of  his  dream.  6  And  Joseph  came  in  unto  them  in  the  morn- 
ing, and  saw  them,  and,  behold,  they  were  sad.  7  And  he 
asked  Pharaoh's  officers  that  were  with  him  in  ward  in  his 
master's  house,  saying.  Wherefore  look  ye  so  sad  to-day? 
8  And  they  said  unto  him.  We  have  dreamed  a  dream,  and 
there  is  none  that  can  interpret  it.  And  Joseph  said  unto 
them.  Do  not  interpretations  belong  to  God?  tell  it  me,  I 
pray  you. 

9  And  the  chief  butler  told  his  dream  to  Joseph,  and  said 
to  him.  In  my  dream,  behold,  a  vine  was  before  me;  10  and 
in  the  vine  were  three  branches :  and  it  was  as  though  it  budded, 
and  its  blossoms  shot  forth;  and  the  clusters  thereof  brought 
forth  ripe  grapes:  11  and  Pharaoh's  cup  was  in  my  hand; 
and  I  took  the  grapes,  and  pressed  them  into  Pharaoh's  cup, 
and  I  gave  the  cup  into  Pharaoh's  hand.  12  And  Joseph  said 
unto  him.  This  is  the  interpretation  of  it:  the  three  branches 
are  three  days;  13  within  yet  three  days  shall  Pharaoh  lift 
up  thy  head,  and  restore  thee  unto  thine  office :  and  thou  shalt 
give  Pharaoh's  cup  into  his  hand,  after  the  former  manner 
when  thou  wast  his  butler.  14  But  have  me  in  thy  remem- 
brance when  it  shall  be  well  with  thee,  and  show  kindness,  I 
pray  thee,  unto  me,  and  make  mention  of  me  unto  Pharaoh, 
and  bring  me  out  of  this  house :  15a  for  indeed  I  was  stolen 
away  out  of  the  land  of  the  Hebrews. 

16  When  the  chief  baker  saw  that  the  interpretation  was 
good,  he  said  unto  Joseph,  I  also  was  in  my  dream,  and,  be- 
hold, three  baskets  of  white  bread  were  on  my  head:  17  and 
in  the  uppermost  basket  there  was  of  all  manner  of  baked  food 
for  Pharaoh;  and  the  birds  did  eat  them  out  of  the  basket 
upon  my  head.  18  And  Joseph  answered  and  said,  This  is  the 
interpretation  thereof:  the  three  baskets  are  three  days; 
19  within  yet  three  days  shall  Pharaoh  lift  up  thy  head  from 
off  thee,  and  shall  hang  thee  on  a  tree;  and  the  birds  shall 
eat  thy  flesh  from  off  thee.  20  And  it  came  to  pass  the  third 
day,  which  was  Pharaoh's  birthday,  that  he  made  a  feast  unto 
all  his  servants:  and  he  lifted  up  the  head  of  the  chief  butler 
and  the  head  of  the  chief  baker  among  his  servants.  21  And 
he  restored  the  chief  butler  unto  his  butlership  again;  and  he 
gave  the  cup  into  Pharaoh's  hand:     22  but  he  hanged  the 


...4120]  E4iv-v  130 

chief  baker:  as  Joseph  had  interpreted  to  them.  23  Yet  did 
not  the  chief  butler  remember  Joseph  but  forgat  him. 

4v.  Joseph  Interprets  Pharaoh's  Dreams. 

Gn.  41i-i4''-i&-33 

1  And  it  came  to  pass  at  the  end  of  two  full  years,  that 
Pharaoh  dreamed :  and,  behold,  he  stood  by  the  river.  2  And 
behold,  there  came  up  out  of  the  river  seven  kine,  well-favored 
and  fat-fleshed;  and  they  fed  in  the  reed-grass.  3  And,  be- 
hold, seven  other  kine  came  up  after  them  out  of  the  river, 
ill-favored  and  lean-fleshed,  and  stood  by  the  other  kine  upon 
the  brink  of  the  river.  4  And  the  ill-favored  and  lean-fleshed 
kine  did  eat  up  the  seven  well-favored  and  fat  kine.  So  Pha- 
raoh awoke.  5  And  he  slept  and  dreamed  a  second  time: 
and,  behold,  seven  ears  of  grain  came  up  upon  one  stalk,  rank 
and  good.  6  And,  behold,  seven  ears,  thin  and  blasted  with 
the  east  wind,  sprung  up  after  them.  7  And  the  thin  ears 
swallowed  up  the  seven  rank  and  full  ears.  And  Pharaoh  awoke, 
and,  behold,  it  was  a  dream.  8  And  it  came  to  pass  in  the  morn- 
ing that  his  spirit  was  troubled ;  and  he  sent  and  called  for  all 
the  magicians  of  Egypt,  and  all  the  wise  men  thereof:  and 
Pharaoh  told  them  his  dream;  but  there  was  none  that  could 
interpret  them  unto  Pharaoh. 

9  Then  spake  the  chief  butler  unto  Pharaoh,  saying,  I  do 
remember  my  faults  this  day :  10  Pharaoh  was  wroth  with  his 
servants,  and  put  me  in  ward  in  the  house  of  the  captain  of  the 
guard,  me  and  the  chief  baker:  11  and  we  dreamed  a  dream 
in  one  night,  I  and  he ;  we  dreamed  each  man  according  to  the 
interpretation  of  his  dream.  12  And  there  was  with  us  there  a 
young  man,  a  Hebrew,  servant  to  the  captain  of  the  guard; 
and  we  told  him,  and  he  interpreted  to  us  our  dreams;  to  each 
man  according  to  his  dream  he  did  interpret.  13  And  it  came 
to  pass,  as  he  interpreted  to  us,  so  it  was ;  me  he  restored  unto 
mine  office,  and  him  he  hanged. 

14a  Th(>n  Pharaoh  sent  and  called  Joseph.  15  And  Pharaoh 
said  unto  Joseph,  I  have  dreamed  a  dream,  and  there  is  none 
that  can  interpret  it :  and  I  have  heard  say  of  thee,  that  when 
thou  hearest  a  dream  thou  canst  interpret  it.  16  And  Joseph 
answered  Pharaoh,  saying.  It  is  not  in  me :  God  will  give  Pha- 
raoh an  answer  of  peace.  17  And  Pharaoh  spake  unto  Joseph, 
In  my  dream,  behold,  I  stood  upon  the  brink  of  the  river: 

18  and,  behold,  there  came  up  out  of  the  river  seven  kine, 
fat-fleshed  and  well-favored ;  and  they  fed  in  the  reed-grass : 

19  and,  behold,  seven  other  kine  came  up  after  them,  poor  and 
very  ill-favored  and  lean-fleshed,  such  as  I  never  saw  in  all  the 
land  of  Egypt  for  badness:     20  and  the  lean  and  ill-favored 


140      SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH  [  Gn.  4Po 

kine  did  eat  up  the  first  seven  fat  kine :  21  and  when  they  had 
eaten  them  up,  it  could  not  be  known  that  they  had  eaten  them ; 
but  they  were  still  ill-favored,  as  at  the  beginning.  So  I  awoke. 
22  And  I  saw  in  my  dream,  and,  behold,  seven  ears  came  up 
upon  one  stalk,  full  and  good:  23  and,  behold,  seven  ears, 
withered,  thin,  and  blasted  with  the  east  wind,  sprung  up  after 
them:  24  and  the  thin  ears  swallowed  up  the  seven  good 
ears:  and  I  told  it  unto  the  magicians;  but  there  was  none 
that  could  declare  it  to  me. 

25  And  Joseph  said  unto  Pharaoh,  The  dream  of  Pharaoh  is 
one:  what  God  is  about  to  do  he  hath  declared  unto  Pharaoh. 
26  The  seven  good  kine  are  seven  years;  and  the  seven  good 
ears  are  seven  years:  the  dream  is  one.  27  And  the  seven 
lean  and  ill-favored  kine  that  came  up  after  them  are  seven 
years,  and  also  the  seven  empty  ears  blasted  with  the  east 
wind;  they  shall  be  seven  years  of  famine.  28  That  is  the 
thing  which  I  spake  unto  Pharaoh:  what  God  is  about  to  do 
he  hath  showed  unto  Pharaoh.  29  Behold,  there  come  seven 
years  of  great  plenty  throughout  all  the  land  of  Egypt :  30  and 
there  shall  arise  after  them  seven  years  of  famine;  and  all  the 
plenty  shall  be  forgotten  in  the  land  of  Egypt ;  and  the  famine 
shall  consume  the  land;  31  and  the  plenty  shall  not  be  known 
in  the  land  by  reason  of  that  famine  which  followeth;  for  it 
shall  be  very  grievous.  32  And  for  that  the  dream  was  doubled 
unto  Pharaoh,  it  is  because  the  thing  is  established  by  God, 
and  God  will  shortly  bring  it  to  pass.  33  Now  therefore  let 
Pharaoh  look  out  a  man  discreet  and  wise,  and  set  him  over 
the  land  of  Egypt. 

4vi.  Joseph  Is  Made  Ruler.     J18iv.     P12ii. 

Gn.   41"-40.42-45 

37  And  the  thing  was  good  in  the  eyes  of  Pharaoh,  and  in 
the  eyes  of  all  his  servants.  38  And  Pharaoh  said  unto  his 
servants.  Can  we  find  such  a  one  as  this,  a  man  in  whom  the 
spirit  of  God  is?  39  And  Pharaoh  said  unto  Joseph,  Foras- 
much as  God  hath  showed  thee  all  this,  there  is  none  so  dis- 
creet and  wise  as  thou:  40  thou  shalt  be  over  my  house,  and 
according  unto  thy  word  shall  all  my  people  be  ruled :  only  in 
the  throne  will  I  be  greater  than  thou. 

42  And  Pharaoh  took  off  his  signet  ring  from  his  hand,  and 
put  it  upon  Joseph's  hand,  and  arrayed  him  in  vestures  of  fine 
linen,  and  put  a  gold  chain  about  his  neck;  43  and  he  made 
him  to  ride  in  the  second  chariot  which  he  had ;  and  they  cried 
before  him.  Bow  the  knee :  and  he  set  him  over  all  the  land  of 
Egypt.    44  And  Pharaoh  said  unto  Joseph,  I  am  Pharaoh,  and 

*"'  Some  uncertain  traces  of  J:  Co.,  Sk.,  Gu.,  Ba.,  Pr.,  Smend.    Others,  E. 


...424  ]  E4v-viii  141 

without  thee  shall  no  man  lift  up  his  hand  or  his  foot  in  all  the 
land  of  Egypt.  45  And  Pharaoh  called  Joseph's  name  Za- 
phenath-paneah ;  and  he  gave  him  to  wife  Asenath,  the  daugh- 
ter of  Poti-phera  priest  of  On.  And  Joseph  went  out  over  the 
land  of  Egypt. 

4vii.  Joseph  Gathers  Grain  for  the  Famine:  Ephraim  and 
Manasseh  Are  Born.     J18ix. 

Gn     4146b-47. 49-57 

46b  And  Joseph  went  out  from  the  presence  of  Pharaoh, 
and  went  throughout  all  the  land  of  Egypt.  47  And  in  the 
seven  plenteous  years  the  earth  brought  forth  by  handfuls. 
49  And  Joseph  laid  up  grain  as  the  sand  of  the  sea,  very  much, 
until  he  left  off"  numbering ;  for  it  was  without  number.  50  And 
unto  Joseph  were  born  two  sons  before  the  year  of  famine 
came,  whom  Asenath,  the  daughter  of  Poti-phera  priest  of  On 
bare  unto  him.  51  And  Joseph  called  the  name  of  the  first- 
born Manasseh :  For,  said  he,  God  hath  made  me  forget  all  my 
toil,  and  all  my  father's  house.  52  And  the  name  of  the  sec- 
ond called  he  Ephraim :  For  God  hath  made  me  fruitful  in  the 
land  of  my  affliction.  53  And  the  seven  years  of  plenty,  that 
was  in  the  land  of  Egypt,  came  to  an  end.  54  And  the  seven 
years  of  famine  began  to  come,  according  as  Joseph  had  said: 
and  there  was  famine  in  all  lands ;  but  in  all  the  land  of  Eg>^pt 
there  was  bread.  55  And  when  all  the  land  of  Egypt  was 
famished,  the  people  cried  to  Pharaoh  for  bread :  and  Pharaoh 
said  unto  all  the  Egyptians,  Go  unto  Joseph;  what  he  saith 
to  you,  do.  56  And  the  famine  was  over  all  the  face  of  the 
earth:  and  Joseph  opened  all  the  storehouses,  and  sold  unto 
the  Egyptians;  and  the  famine  was  sore  in  the  land  of  Egypt. 
57  And  all  countries  came  into  Egypt  to  Joseph  to  buy  grain, 
because  the  famine  was  sore  in  all  the  earth. 

4viii.  Joseph's  Brothers  Seek  Grain  and  Return  to  Jacob. 
J18v. 

Gn.  421-3"'*'*-''-^*-^-26-29-35. 28b. 36-37  43X4 

1  Now  Jacob  saw  that  there  was  grain  in  Egypt,  and  Jacob 
said  unto  his  sons,  Why  do  ye  look  one  upon  another?  3  And 
Joseph's  ten  brethren  went  down  to  buy  grain  from  Egypt. 
4a  But  Benjamin,  Joseph's  brother,  Jacob  sent  not  with  his 
brethren. 


*^''  Several  find  traces  of  J. 

*"'"  The  words  from  42'  probably  belonged  after  v.  9a  in  E:  Di.,  Ba.,  KS.,  Gu.,  Sk., 
Ki.,  SB.  FraKnients  of  J  are  found  in  v.  6  (We.,  Ka.,  Mi.,  St.,  Sniend),  and  vv.  9b,  10, 
11a,  12  (Co.,  Gu.,  Sk.,  Sniend,  SB.);  but  the  majority  follow  the  analysis  of  the  text. 
V.  28b  is  generally  rejiardod  as  belonnintj  after  v.  ,35,  only  Dr.  leaving  it  in  J.  In  4.3"  the 
word  "AlmiKhty"  (Shaddai)  is  Rp,  ff.  P17;  but  Ba.,  Mi.,  Gu.  assign  it  to  E,  and  Smend 
to  J''.    The  speaker  in  this  verse  is  Jacob. 


142  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH      [  Gn.  42^ 

6  And  Joseph  was  the  governor  over  the  land ;  he  it  was  that 
sold  to  all  the  people  of  the  land.  And  Joseph's  brethren  came, 
and  bowed  themselves  to  him  with  their  faces  to  the  earth. 
8  And  Joseph  knew  his  brethren,  but  they  knew  not  him. 
9a  And  Joseph  remembered  the  dreams  which  he  dreamed  of 
them,  7  .  .  .  and  spake  roughly  with  them  ...  9b  and  said 
unto  them,  Ye  are  spies;  to  see  the  nakedness  of  the  land  ye 
are  come.  10  And  they  said  unto  him,  Nay,  my  lord,  but  to 
buy  food  are  thy  servants  come.  11  We  are  all  one  man's 
sons;  we  are  true  men,  thy  servants  are  no  spies.  12  And  he 
said  unto  them,  Nay,  but  to  see  the  nakedness  of  the  land  ye 
are  come.  13  And  they  said,  We  thy  servants  are  twelve 
brethren,  the  sons  of  one  man  in  the  land  of  Canaan;  and, 
behold,  the  youngest  is  this  day  with  our  father,  and  one  is 
not.  14  And  Joseph  said  unto  them.  That  is  it  that  I  spake 
unto  you,  saying.  Ye  are  spies :  15  hereby  ye  shall  be  proved : 
by  the  life  of  Pharaoh  ye  shall  not  go  forth  hence,  except  your 
youngest  brother  come  hither,  16  Send  one  of  you,  and  let 
him  fetch  your  brother,  and  ye  shall  be  bound,  that  your  words 
may  be  proved,  whether  there  be  truth  in  you :  or  else  by  the 
life  of  Pharaoh  surely  ye  are  spies.  17  And  he  put  them  all 
together  into  ward  three  days. 

18  And  Joseph  said  unto  them  the  third  day,  This  do,  and 
live;  for  I  fear  God:  19  if  ye  be  true  men,  let  one  of  your 
brethren  be  bound  in  your  prison-house;  but  go  ye,  carry 
grain  for  the  famine  of  your  houses :  20  and  bring  your  young- 
est brother  unto  me;  so  shall  your  words  be  verified,  and  ye 
shall  not  die.  And  they  did  so.  21  And  they  said  one  to 
another.  We  are  verily  guilty  concerning  our  brother,  in  that 
we  saw  the  distress  of  his  soul,  when  he  besought  us,  and  we 
would  not  hear ;  therefore  is  this  distress  come  upon  us.  22  And 
Reuben  answered  them,  saying.  Spake  I  not  unto  you,  saying, 
Do  not  sin  against  the  child ;  and  ye  would  not  hear?  therefore 
also,  behold,  his  blood  is  required.  23  And  they  knew  not  that 
Joseph  understood  them ;  for  there  was  an  interpreter  between 
them.  24  And  he  turned  himself  about  from  them,  and  wept; 
and  he  returned  to  them,  and  spake  to  them,  and  took  Simeon 
from  among  them,  and  bound  him  before  their  eyes.  25  Then 
Joseph  commanded  to  fill  their  vessels  with  grain,  and  to  re- 
store every  man's  money  into  his  sack,  and  to  give  them  pro- 
vision for  the  way :  and  thus  was  it  done  unto  them. 

26  And  they  laded  their  asses  with  their  grain,  and  departed 
thence. 

29  And  they  came  unto  Jacob  their  father  unto  the  land  of 
Canaan,  and  told  him  all  that  had  befallen  them,  saying, 
30  The  man,  the  lord  of  the  land,  spake  roughly  with  us,  and 


...45^  ]  E4viii-ix  143 

took  us  for  spies  of  the  country.  31  And  we  said  unto  him, 
We  are  true  men ;  we  are  no  spies :  32  we  are  twelve  brethren, 
sons  of  our  father;  one  is  not,  and  the  youngest  is  this  day 
with  our  father  in  the  land  of  Canaan.  33  And  the  man,  the 
lord  of  the  land,  said  unto  us,  Hereby  shall  I  know  that  ye  are 
true  men :  leave  one  of  your  brethren  with  me,  and  take  grain 
for  the  famine  of  your  houses,  and  go  your  way ;  34  and  bring 
your  youngest  brother  unto  me :  then  shall  I  know  that  ye  are 
no  spies,  but  that  ye  are  true  men:  so  will  I  deliver  you  your 
brother,  and  ye  shall  traffic  in  the  land. 

35  And  it  came  to  pass  as  they  emptied  their  sacks,  that,  be- 
hold, every  man's  bundle  of  money  was  in  his  sack :  and  when 
they  and  their  father  saw  their  bundles  of  money,  they  were 
afraid,    28b  saying,  What  is  this  that  God  has  done  unto  us? 

36  And  Jacob  their  father  said  unto  them.  Me  have  ye  be- 
reaved of  my  children:  Joseph  is  not,  and  Simeon  is  not,  and 
ye  will  take  Benjamin  away:  all  these  things  are  against  me. 

37  And  Reuben  spake  unto  his  father,  saying,  Slay  my  two 
sons,  if  I  bring  him  not  to  thee :  deliver  him  into  my  hand,  and 
I  will  bring  him  to  thee  again. 

43^*  And  God  Almighty  give  you  mercy  before  the  man,  that  he 
may  release  unto  you  your  other  brother  and  Benjamin.  And 
if  I  be  bereaved  of  my  children,  I  am  bereaved. 

4ix.  Joseph  Reveals  Himself  to  His  Brothers  on  Their 
Second  Visit.     J18vi,  vii. 

Gn.  43^^''  451b-4a.5b-9.10b-12. 15-18. 19-21a.21b-27 

43-^^  And  he  brought  Simeon  out  unto  them. 

45^^  And  there  stood  no  man  \vith  them,  while  Joseph  made 
himself  known  unto  his  brethren.  2  And  he  wept  aloud:  and 
the  Egyptians  heard,  and  the  house  of  Pharaoh  heard. 

3  And  Joseph  said  unto  his  brethren,  I  am  Joseph ;  doth  my 
father  yet  live?  And  his  brethren  could  not  answer  him;  for 
they  were  troubled  at  his  presence.  4a  And  Joseph  said  unto 
his  brethren,  Come  near  to  me,  I  pray  you.  And  they  came 
near. 

And  he  said,  5b  For  God  did  send  me  before  you  to  pre- 
serve life.  6  For  these  two  years  hath  the  famine  been  in  the 
land:  and  there  are  yet  five  years,  in  which  there  shall  be 
neither  plowing  nor  harvest.  7  And  God  sent  me  before  you 
to  preserve  you  a  remnant  in  the  earth,  and  to  save  you  alive 
by  a  great  deliverance.  8  So  now  it  was  not  you  that  sent  me 
hither,  but  God:  and  he  hath  made  me  a  father  to  Pharaoh, 


*'»  Perh.  traces  of  J  in  45"'  ■•■  '^  (so  several,  Smend).  The  wagons  of  45"-"»  are 
usually  ascribed  to  R;  but  J:  Gu.,  Co.,  Pr.,  Mi.,  Ki.?  and  E:  Smend.  SB.  divides:  19  J, 
20  E.  21a  J. 


144  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH      [  Gn.  45« 

and  lord  of  all  his  house,  and  ruler  over  all  the  land  of  Egypt. 
9  Haste  ye,  and  go  up  to  my  father,  and  say  unto  him.  Thus 
saith  thy  son  Joseph,  God  hath  made  me  lord  of  all  Egypt: 
come  down  unto  me,  tarry  not.  10b  And  thou  shalt  be  near 
unto  me,  thou,  and  thy  children,  and  thy  children's  children, 
and  thy  flocks,  and  thy  herds,  and  all  that  thou  hast :  1 1  and 
there  will  I  nourish  thee ;  for  there  are  yet  five  years  of  famine ; 
lest  thou  come  to  poverty,  thou,  and  thy  household,  and  all 
that  thou  hast.  12  And,  behold,  your  eyes  see,  and  the  eyes 
of  my  brother  Benjamin,  that  it  is  my  mouth  that  speaketh 
unto  you.  15  And  he  kissed  all  his  brethren,  and  wept  upon 
them :  and  after  that  his  brethren  talked  with  him. 

16  And  the  report  thereof  was  heard  in  Pharaoh's  house, 
saying,  Joseph's  brethren  are  come:  and  it  pleased  Pharaoh 
well,  and  his  servants.  17  And  Pharaoh  said  unto  Joseph, 
Say  unto  thy  brethren.  This  do  ye:  lade  your  beasts,  and  go, 
get  you  unto  the  land  of  Canaan ;  18  and  take  your  father  and 
your  households,  and  come  unto  me:  and  I  will  give  you  the 
good  of  the  land  of  Egypt,  and  ye  shall  eat  the  fat  of  the  land. 
19  Now  thou  art  commanded,  this  do  ye:  take  you  wagons  out  of  the 
land  of  Egypt  for  your  little  ones,  and  for  your  wives,  and  bring  your 
father,  and  come.  20  Also  regard  not  your  stuff;  for  the  good  of  all  the 
land  of  Egypt  is  yours. 

21  And  the  sons  of  Israel  did  so:  and  Joseph  gave  them  wagons,  ac- 
cording to  the  commandment  of  Pharaoh,  and  gave  them  provision  for 
the  way.  22  To  all  of  them  he  gave  each  man  changes  of  rai- 
ment; but  to  Benjamin  he  gave  three  hundred  pieces  of  silver, 
and  five  changes  of  raiment.  23  And  to  his  father  he  sent 
after  this  manner:  ten  asses  laden  with  the  good  things  of 
Egypt,  and  ten  she-asses  laden  with  grain  and  bread  and  pro- 
vision for  his  father  by  the  way.  24  So  he  sent  his  brethren 
away,  and  they  departed:  and  he  said  unto  them,  See  that  ye 
fall  not  out  by  the  way.  25  And  they  went  up  out  of  Egypt, 
and  came  into  the  land  of  Canaan  unto  Jacob  their  father.  26 
And  they  told  him,  saying,  Joseph  is  yet  alive,  and  he  is  ruler 
over  all  the  land  of  Egypt.  And  his  heart  fainted,  for  he 
believed  them  not.  27  And  they  told  him  all  the  words  of 
Joseph,  which  he  had  said  unto  them:  and  when  he  saw  the 
wagons  which  Joseph  had  sent  to  carry  him,  the  spirit  of  Jacob 
their  father  revived. 

4x.  God  Commands  Jacob  in  a  Dream  to  Join  Joseph  in 
Egypt. 

Gn.  46ib-5 

lb  And  offered  sacrifices  unto  the  God  of  his  father  Isaac. 
2  And  God  spake  unto  Israel  in  the  visions  of  the  night,  and 


...4816  ]  E4ix-5  145 

said,  Jacob,  Jacob.  And  he  said,  Here  am  I.  3  And  he  said, 
I  am  God,  the  God  of  thy  father:  fear  not  to  go  down  into 
Egypt ;  for  I  will  there  make  of  thee  a  great  nation :  4  I  will 
go  down  with  thee  into  Egypt ;  and  I  will  also  surely  bring  thee 
up  again:  and  Joseph  shall  put  his  hand  upon  thine  eyes. 
5a  And  Jacob  rose  up  from  Beer-sheba. 

5b  And  the  sons  of  Israel  carried  Jacob  their  father,  and  their  little 
ones,  and  their  wives,  in  the  wagons  which  Pharaoh  had  sent  to  carry 
them. 

4xi.  Joseph  Provides  a  Home  for  Jacob  and  His  Family  in 
Egypt.     JlSviii.     P12iii,  iv. 

Gn.  4712 

12  And  Joseph  nourished  his  father,  and  his  brethren,  and 
all  his  father's  household,  with  bread,  according  to  their  fam- 
ihes. 

5.  Jacob  Blesses  Joseph  and  His  Sons.     J19.     E51.     P13. 

Gn     481-2a.7-9a.lOb-12.15-16.20-22 

1  And  it  came  to  pass  after  these  things,  that  one  said  to 
Joseph,  Behold,  thy  father  is  sick:  and  he  took  with  him  his 
two  sons,  Manasseh  and  Ephraim.  2a  And  one  told  Jacob,  and 
said,  Behold  thy  son  Joseph  cometh  unto  thee. 

7  And  as  for  me,  when  I  came  from  Paddan,  Rachel  died  by  me  in  the 
land  of  Canaan  in  the  way,  when  there  was  still  some  distance  to  come 
unto  Ephrath:  and  I  buried  her  there  in  the  way  to  Ephrath  (the  same  is 
Beth-lehem). 

8  And  Israel  beheld  Joseph's  sons,  and  said.  Who  are  these? 
9a  And  Joseph  said  unto  his  father,  They  are  my  sons,  whom 
God  hath  given  me  here.  10b  And  he  brought  them  near  unto 
him;  and  he  kissed  them,  and  embraced  them.  11  And  Israel 
said  unto  Joseph,  I  had  not  thought  to  see  thy  face:  and,  lo, 
God  hath  let  me  see  thy  seed  also.  12  And  Joseph  brought 
them  out  from  between  his  knees;  and  he  bowed  himself  with 
his  face  to  the  earth. 

15  And  he  blessed  Joseph,  and  said,  The  God  before  whom 
my  fathers  Abraham  and  Isaac  did  walk,  the  God  who  hath 
fed  me  all  my  life  long  unto  this  day,  16  the  angel  who  hath 
redeemed  me  from  all  evil,  bless  the  lads;  and  let  my  name  be 
named  on  them,  and  the  name  of  my  fathers  Abraham  and 
Isaac ;  and  let  them  grow  into  a  multitude  in  the  midst  of  the 
earth. 


«^i  J:CH.,  Mi.  only. 

'V.  7  R:  Hupfelcl,  Bu..  Co.?,  CH.,  Ba.,  Mi.,  St.,  Smend.  E:  Gu.,  Pr.,  Ka.?  P:  Di., 
Dr.  Cf.  E.Sxvi,  Gn.  .•5r)'».  The  name  "Israel"  in  vv.  8,  11,  21  is  R:  Wc.,  Ba.,  Ad.,  Mi., 
Ka.,  Pr.,  St.,  Gu.,  Eiohr.  Ivi.  assigns  vv.  8-9a,  lOb-11  larKcly  to  J.  The  name  "Israel" 
in  V.  20  is  not  R,  because  it  refers  to  the  Israelites  rather  than  to  Jacob;  Ka.  points  out 
that  this  constitutes  an  unintcutional  anachronism  on  the  part  of  E. 


146  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH     [  Gn.  482" 

20  And  he  blessed  them  that  day,  saying,  In  thee  will  Israel 
bless,  saying,  God  make  thee  as  Ephraim  and  as  Manasseh: 
and  he  set  Ephraim  before  Manasseh.  21  And  Israel  said  unto 
Joseph,  Behold,  I  die :  but  God  will  be  with  you,  and  bring  you 
again  unto  the  land  of  your  fathers.  22  Moreover  I  have  given 
to  thee  one  portion  above  thy  brethren,  which  I  took  out  of  the 
hand  of  the  Amorite  with  my  sword  and  with  my  bow. 

6.  The  Death  OF  Jacob  AND  OF  Joseph.    J20, 21.    E72.    P14. 
Gn.  5015-26 

15  And  when  Joseph's  brethren  saw  that  their  father  was 
dead,  they  said.  It  may  be  that  Joseph  will  hate  us,  and  will 
fully  requite  us  all  the  evil  which  we  did  unto  him.  16  And 
they  sent  a  message  unto  Joseph,  saying,  Thy  father  did  com- 
mand before  he  died,  saying,  17  So  shall  ye  say  unto  Joseph, 
Forgive,  I  pray  thee  now,  the  transgression  of  thy  brethren, 
and  their  sin,  for  that  they  did  unto  thee  evil.  And  now,  we 
pray  thee,  forgive  the  transgression  of  the  servants  of  the  God 
of  thy  father.  And  Joseph  wept  when  they  spake  unto  him. 
18  And  his  brethren  also  went  and  fell  down  before  his  face; 
and  they  said.  Behold,  we  are  thy  servants.  19  And  Joseph 
said  unto  them.  Fear  not :  for  am  I  in  the  place  of  God?  20  And 
as  for  you,  ye  meant  evil  against  me;  but  God  meant  it  for 
good,  to  bring  to  pass,  as  it  is  this  day,  to  save  much  people 
alive.  21  Now  therefore  fear  ye  not:  I  will  nourish  you,  and 
your  little  ones.  And  he  comforted  them,  and  spake  kindly 
unto  them. 

22  And  Joseph  dwelt  in  Egypt,  he,  and  his  father's  house: 
and  Joseph  lived  a  hundred  and  ten  years.  23  And  Joseph 
saw  Ephraim's  children  of  the  third  generation:  the  children 
also  of  Machir  the  son  of  Manasseh  were  born  upon  Joseph's 
knees.  24  And  Joseph  said  unto  his  brethren,  I  die;  but  God 
will  surely  visit  you,  and  bring  you  up  out  of  this  land  unto  the 
land  which  he  sware  to  Abraham,  to  Isaac,  and  to  Jacob. 
25  And  Joseph  took  an  oath  of  the  children  of  Israel,  saying, 
God  will  surely  visit  you,  and  ye  shall  carry  up  my  bones  from 
hence.  26  So  Joseph  died,  being  a  hundred  and  ten  years  old : 
and  they  embalmed  him,  and  he  was  put  in  a  coffin  in  Egypt. 

7.  Pharaoh  Commands  Hebrew  Midwives  to  Kill  Male 

Children. 
Ex.  V'-'' 
15  And  the  king  of  Egypt  spake  to  the  Hebrew  midwives,  of 


«Perh.  fragments  of  J  in  w.  18,  21-22:  CH.,  Ho.,  Pr.,  Mi.,  Smend,  Ki. ;  Di.  and  Sk., 
in  V.  18  only.    SB.  in  w.  18  and  22. 
'J?:Co.,  Gr.,  Ki.,  Smend. 


...Ex.  2«  ]  E5-10  147 

whom  the  name  of  the  one  was  Shiphrah,  and  the  name  of  the 
other  Puah:  16  and  he  said,  When  ye  do  the  office  of  a  mid- 
wife to  the  Hebrew  women,  and  see  them  upon  the  birth-stool ; 
if  it  be  a  son,  then  shall  ye  kill  him;  but  if  it  be  a  daughter, 
then  she  shall  live. 

8.  The  Midwives  Outwit  Pharaoh. 

Ex      117-20a. 21-22 

17  But  the  midwives  feared  God,  and  did  not  as  the  king  of 
Egypt  commanded  them,  but  saved  the  men-children  alive. 
18  And  the  king  of  Egypt  called  for  the  midwives,  and  said 
unto  them,  Why  have  ye  done  this  thing,  and  have  saved  the 
men-children  alive?  19  And  the  midwives  said  unto  Pharaoh, 
Because  the  Hebrew  women  are  not  as  the  Egyptian  women; 
for  they  are  lively,  and  are  delivered  ere  the  midwife  come  unto 
them.  20a  And  God  dealt  well  with  the  midwives.  21  And 
it  came  to  pass,  because  the  midwives  feared  God,  that  he  made 
them  households.  22  And  Pharaoh  charged  all  his  people, 
saying.  Every  son  that  is  born  ye  shall  cast  into  the  river, 
and  every  daughter  ye  shall  save  alive. 

9.  The  Birth  of  Moses. 
Ex.  21-2 

1  And  there  went  a  man  of  the  house  of  Levi,  and  took  to 
wife  a  daughter  of  Levi.  2  And  the  woman  conceived,  and 
bare  a  son :  and  when  she  saw  him  that  he  was  a  goodly  child, 
she  hid  him  three  months. 

10.  Moses  in  the  Bulrushes. 
Ex.  23-10 

3  And  when  she  could  not  longer  hide  him,  she  took  for  him 
an  ark  of  bulrushes,  and  daubed  it  with  slime  and  with  pitch; 
and  she  put  the  child  therein,  and  laid  it  in  the  flags  by  the 
river's  brink.  4  And  his  sister  stood  afar  off,  to  know  what 
would  be  done  to  him.  5  And  the  daughter  of  Pharaoh  came 
down  to  bathe  at  the  river;  and  her  maidens  walked  along  Ijy 
th(?  riverside;  and  she  saw  the  ark  among  the  flags,  and  sent 
her  handmaid  to  fetch  it.  6  And  she  opened  it,  and  saw  the 
child:  and,  behold,  the  babe  wept.  And  she  had  compassion 
on  him,  and  said,  This  is  one  of  the  Hebrews'  children.  7  Then 
said  his  sister  to  Pharaoh's  daught(>r,  Shall  I  go  and  call  thee  a 
nurse  of  the  H(4)rew  women,  that  she  may  nurse  the  child  for 
thee?  8  And  Pharaoh's  daughter  said  to  her.  Go.  And  the 
maiden  wont  and  called  the  child's  mother.    9  And  Pharaoh's 

"An  uncertain  amount  of  J  may  be  present  here:  Co.,  Gr.,  Smend,  Ki.;  and  v.  22  J: 
We..  CH.,  McN.,  Smend. 


148  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH        [Ex.29 

daughter  said  unto  her,  Take  this  child  away,  and  nurse  it  for 
me,  and  I  will  give  thee  thy  wages.  And  the  woman  took  the 
child,  and  nursed  it.  10  And  the  child  grew,  and  she  brought 
him  unto  Pharaoh's  daughter,  and  he  became  her  son.  And 
she  called  his  name  Moses,  and  said,  Because  I  drew  him  out 
of  the  water. 

11.  Moses  in  the  Land  of  Midian.    J24. 

Hi.  Moses  Tends  the  Flock  of  Jethro,  His  Father-in- 
Law,  on  Horeb.     J24ii. 

Ex.31 

1  Now  Moses  was  keeping  the  flock  of  Jethro  his  father-in- 
law,  the  priest  of  Midian:  and  he  led  the  flock  to  the  back  of 
the  wilderness,  and  came  to  the  mountain  of  God,  unto  Horeb. 

llii.  Moses  on  Horeb  Commissioned  to  Free  the  Hebrews. 
J24iii. 

Ex.  d*b-6-^-^2 

4b  God  called  unto  him  .  .  .  ,  and  said,  Moses,  Moses. 
And  he  said.  Here  am  I.  6  Moreover  he  said,  I  am  the  God  of 
thy  father,  the  God  of  Abraham,  the  God  of  Isaac,  and  the 
God  of  Jacob.  And  Moses  hid  his  face;  for  he  was  afraid  to 
look  upon  God. 

9  And  now,  behold,  the  cry  of  the  children  of  Israel  is  come 
unto  me:  moreover  I  have  seen  the  oppression  wherewith  the 
Egyptians  oppress  them.  10  Come  now  therefore,  and  I  will 
send  thee  unto  Pharaoh,  that  thou  mayest  bring  forth  my 
people  the  children  of  Israel  out  of  Egypt.  11  And  Moses 
said  unto  God,  Who  am  I,  that  I  should  go  unto  Pharaoh,  and 
that  I  should  bring  forth  the  children  of  Israel  out  of  Egypt? 
12  And  he  said,  Certainly  I  will  be  with  thee;  and  this  shall 
be  the  token  unto  thee,  that  I  have  sent  thee :  when  thou  hast 
brought  forth  the  people  out  of  Egypt,  ye  shall  serve  God 
upon  this  mountain. 

lliii.  God  Reveals  to  Moses  His  Name  I  AM  (Jehovah). 
J6  (Gn.  426).     P17. 

Ex.  313-15 

13  And  Moses  said  unto  God,  Behold,  when  I  come  unto  the 
children  of  Israel,  and  shall  say  unto  them.  The  God  of  your 
fathers  hath  sent  me  unto  you;  and  they  shall  say  to  me. 
What  is  his  name?  what  shall  I  say  unto  them?  14  And  God 
said  unto  Moses,  I  AM  THAT  I  AM :  and  he  said,  Thus  shalt 

'""v.  15  Rd:  Ba.  (generally  recognized),  Gr.,  Ba.,  or  Rje:  Ho.,  McN.  But  E:  CH., 
St.,  Co.,  Smend. 


...4"  ]  ElO-12  149 

thou  say  unto  the  children  of  Israel,  I  AM  hath  sent  me  unto 
you.  15  And  (!od  said  moreover  unto  Moses,  Thus  shalt  thou  say  unto 
the  children  of  Israel,  Jehovah,  the  God  of  your  fathers,  the  God  of  Abra- 
ham, the  God  of  Isaac,  and  the  God  of  Jacob,  hath  sent  me  unto  you: 
this  is  my  name  for  ever,  and  this  is  my  memorial  unto  all  generations. 

lliv.  God  Foretells  the  Plagues.     E24iii.     P18,  21. 

Ex.  319-20 

19  And  I  know  that  the  king  of  Egypt  will  not  give  you 
leave  to  go,  no,  not  by  a  mighty  hand.  20  And  I  will  put  forth 
my  hand,  and  smite  Egypt  with  all  my  wonders  which  I  will 
do  in  the  midst  thereof :  and  after  that  he  will  let  you  go. 

llv.   God  Commands  the   Despoiling   of  the  Egyptians. 
E13vii. 

Ex.   32'-22 

21  And  I  will  give  this  people  favor  in  the  sight  of  the  Egyp- 
tians :  and  it  shall  come  to  pass,  that,  when  ye  go,  ye  shall  not 
go  empty :  22  but  every  woman  shall  ask  of  her  neighbor,  and 
of  her  that  sojoumeth  in  her  house,  jewels  of  silver,  and  jewels 
of  gold,  and  raiment:  and  ye  shall  put  them  upon  your  sons, 
and  upon  your  daughters;  and  ye  shall  despoil  the  Egyptians. 

llvi.  Moses's  Rod.     E13.     P22. 
Ex.  417 

17  And  thou  shalt  take  in  thy  hand  this  rod,  wherewith 
thou  shalt  do  the  signs. 

llvii.  Moses   Secures   Jethro's   Consent   to   Return   to 
Egypt. 
Ex.  418.20b. 21 

18  And  Moses  went  and  returned  to  Jethro  his  father-in- 
law,  and  said  unto  him.  Let  me  go,  I  pray  thee,  and  return 
unto  my  brethren  that  are  in  Egypt,  and  see  whether  they  be 
yet  alive.     And  Jethro  said  to  Moses,  Go  in  peace. 

20b  And  Moses  took  the  rod  of  God  in  his  hand.  21  And  Je- 
hovah said  unto  Moses,  When  thou  gocst  back  into  Egypt,  sec  that  thou 
do  before  Pharaoh  all  the  wonders  which  I  have  put  in  thy  hand:  but  I 
will  harden  his  heart,  and  he  will  not  let  the  people  go. 

12.  Aaron  Meets  Moses  in  the  Wilderness. 

Ex.  427-28 

27  And  Jehovah  said  to  Aaron,  Go  into  the  wilderness  to 

"'^•E:Di.,  Dr.,  Ba.,  Ho.,  Bii.,  Kent,  SB.  J:  We.,  Co.,  Smend,  St.,  Ki.,  E.  Meyer. 
R:  CH.,  GFM.,  Pr.,  Gr.,  McN. 

""  We.,  Co.,  Ki.,  E.  Meyer,  Smend  assign  to  J;   others  E  (as  SB.). 

"vii  V.  21  R:  CH.,  Ho.,  Co.  (Rd),  Pr.,  Gr..  Bii.,  Kent,  St.,  McN.,  SB.  E:  Di.  (in  sub- 
stance). Dr.,  Ba.,  Ad.,  Ki.     J:  Smend  (with  v.  20b). 

"  R:  GFM.,  Ho.,  Co.,  Gr.,  SB. 


150  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH       [  Ex.  4^7 

meet  Moses.  And  he  went,  and  met  him  in  the  mountain  of 
God,  and  kissed  him.  28  And  Moses  told  Aaron  all  the  words 
of  Jehovah  wherewith  he  had  sent  him,  and  all  the  signs  where- 
with he  had  charged  him. 

13.  Moses  in  Egypt.     J26.     Ellvi.     P23. 

13i.  Appeal  to  Pharaoh,  and  His  Harsh  Reply.    J26i.   P22. 

Ex.  51-2-4 

1  And  afterward  Moses  and  Aaron  came,  and  said  unto 
Pharaoh,  Thus  saith  Jehovah,  the  God  of  Israel,  Let  my  peo- 
ple go,  that  they  may  hold  a  feast  unto  me  in  the  wilderness. 
2  And  Pharaoh  said.  Who  is  Jehovah,  that  I  should  hearken 
unto  his  voice  to  let  Israel  go?  I  know  not  Jehovah,  and  more- 
over I  will  not  let  Israel  go.  4  And  the  king  of  Egypt  said 
unto  them,  Wherefore  do  ye,  Moses  and  Aaron,  loose  the  people 
from  their  works?  get  you  unto  your  burdens. 

13ii.  The  First  Plague  :  Nile  Turns  TO  Blood.    J26ii.   P23i. 

Ex.   715b. 17b. 20b. 23 

15b  And  thou  shalt  stand  by  the  river's  brink  to  meet  him; 
and  the  rod  which  was  turned  to  a  serpent  shalt  thou  take  in  thy 
hand.  17b  Behold,  I  will  smite  with  the  rod  that  is  in  my 
hand  upon  the  waters  which  are  in  the  river,  and  they  shall  be 
turned  to  blood. 

20b  And  he  lifted  up  the  rod,  and  smote  the  waters  that 
were  in  the  river,  in  the  si'ght  of  Pharaoh,  and  in  the  sight  of 
his  servants;  and  all  the  waters  that  were  in  the  river  were 
turned  to  blood. 

23  And  Pharaoh  turned  and  went  into  his  house,  neither  did 
he  lay  even  this  to  heart. 

13iii.  The  Second  Plague:  Hail.     J26vi. 

gjj     g22. 23a. 24a. 25a. 35 

22  And  Jehovah  said  unto  Moses,  Stretch  forth  thy  hand 
toward  heaven,  that  there  may  be  hail  in  all  the  land  of  Egypt, 
upon  man,  and  upon  beast,  and  upon  every  herb  of  the  field, 
throughout  the  land  of  Egypt.  23a  And  Moses  stretched  forth 
his  rod  toward  heaven. 

24a  So  there  was  hail,  and  fire  mingled  with  the  hail. 
25a  And  the  hail  smote  throughout  all  the  land  of  Egypt  all 
that  was  in  the  field,  both  man  and  beast. 

35  And  the  heart  of  Pharaoh  was  hardened,  and  he  did  not 
let  the  children  of  Israel  go ;  as  Jehovah  had  spoken  by  Moses. 

"'  For  "ye,  Moses  and  Aaron,"  E  probably  read  originally,  "the  elders."  Smend  and 
Ki.  assign  v.  4  to  J. 

">■  w.  15b,  20b  J:  Smend  only. 
i»iii  Slight  traces  of  J:  Ba.,  Ho.,  St. 


...1236]  E12-13vii  151 

13iv.  The  Third  Plague:  Locusts.    J26vii. 

Ex   lO'-"'-^"-'''''-'"''*'-^'' 

12  And  Jeliovah  said  unto  Moses,  Stretch  out  thy  hand  over 
the  land  of  Egypt  for  the  locusts,  that  they  may  come  up  upon 
the  land  of  Egypt,  and  eat  every  herb  of  the  land,  even  all  that 
the  hail  hath  left.  13a  And  Moses  stretched  forth  his  rod  over 
the  land  of  Egypt. 

14a  And  the  locusts  went  up  over  all  the  land  of  Egypt, 
15b  and  they  did  eat  every  herb  of  the  land,  and  all  the  fruit 
of  the  trees  which  th(>  hail  had  left. 

20  But  Jehovah  hardened  Pharaoh's  heart,  and  he  did  not 
let  the  children  of  Israel  go. 

13v.  The  Fourth  Plague:  Darkness. 

Ex.   1021-23.27 

21  And  Jehovah  said  unto  Moses,  Stretch  out  thy  hand  to- 
ward heaven,  that  there  may  be  darkness  over  the  land  of 
Egypt,  even  darkness  which  may  be  felt.  22  And  Moses 
stretched  forth  his  hand  toward  heaven;  and  there  was  a 
thick  darkness  in  all  the  land  of  Egypt  three  days;  23  they 
saw  not  one  another,  neither  rose  any  one  from  his  place  for 
three  days:  but  all  the  children  of  Israel  had  light  in  their 
dwellings. 

27  But  Jehovah  hardened  Pharaoh's  heart,  and  he  would  not 
let  them  go. 

13vi.  The  Fifth  Plague  Threatened  (the  First-born). 
J26viii. 

Ex.  Ill 

1  And  Jehovah  said  unto  Moses,  Yet  one  plague  more  will  I 
bring  upon  Pharaoh,  and  upon  Egypt;  afterwards  he  will  let 
you  go  hence :  when  he  shall  let  you  go,  he  shall  surely  thrust 
you  out  hence  altogether. 

13vii.  "The  Spoiling  of  the  Egyptians."     Ellv. 

Ex.  112-3  1235-36 

IP  Speak  now  in  the  ears  of  the  people,  and  let  them  ask 
every  man  of  his  neighbor,  and  every  woman  of  her  neighbor, 
jewels  of  silver,  and  jewels  of  gold.  3  And  Jehovah  gave  the 
people  favor  in  the  sight  of  the  Egyptians.  Moreover  the  man 
Moses  was  very  great  in  the  land  of  Egypt,  in  the  sight  of 
Pharaoh's  servants,  and  in  the  sight  of  the  people. 

12^^  And  the  children  of  Israel  did  according  to  the  word  of 
Moses;  and  they  asked  of  the  Egyptians  jewels  of  silver,  and 
jewels  of  gold,  and  raiment:    36  and  Jehovah  gave  the  people 


152  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH     [  Ex.  12^6 

favor  in  the  sight  of  the  Egyptians,  so  that  they  let  them  have 
what  they  asked.    And  they  despoiled  the  Egyptians. 

13viii.  The  Exodus  from  Egypt.     J26x.     P24. 

Ex.  1317-13 

17  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  Pharaoh  had  let  the  people 
go,  that  God  led  them  not  by  the  way  of  the  land  of  the  Philis- 
tines, although  that  was  near ;  for  God  said,  Lest  peradventure 
the  people  repent  when  they  see  war,  and  they  return  to  Egypt : 
18  but  God  led  the  people  about,  by  the  way  of  the  wilderness 
by  the  Red  Sea:  and  the  children  of  Israel  went  up  armed  out 
of  the  land  of  Egypt.  19  And  Moses  took  the  bones  of  Joseph 
with  him :  for  he  had  straitly  sworn  the  children  of  Israel, 
saying,  God  will  surely  visit  you;  and  ye  shall  carry  up  my 
bones  away  hence  with  you. 

14  Escape  by  Crossing  the  Red  Sea.    J27.    ElSviii. 

Ex     143-7. lOb. 15a*. 16a. 19a. 25a 

3  And  Pharaoh  will  say  of  the  children  of  Israel,  They  are 
entangled  in  the  land,  the  wilderness  hath  shut  them  in.  7  And 
he  took  six  hundred  chosen  chariots,  and  all  the  chariots  of 
Egypt,  and  captains  over  all  of  them. 

10b  And  the  children  of  Israel  cried  out  unto  Jehovah.  .  .  . 
15a  .  .  .  Wherefore  criest  thou  unto  me? 

16a  And  lift  thou  up  thy  rod  .  .  .  19a  And  the  angel  of 
God,  who  went  before  the  camp  of  Israel,  removed  and  went 
behind  them.  25a  And  he  took  off  their  chariot  wheels,  and 
they  drove  them  heavily. 

15.  The  Song  of  Moses.    E14.    J27. 

Ex.  151-13 

Introductory  Note. — It  is  generally  believed  (except  by 
Se.)  that  this  psalm  was  not  composed  by  Moses  or  a  con- 
temporary of  his,  but  is  a  late  expansion  of  the  Song  of  Miriam, 
E16:Ex.  15^1.  On  this  view  it  is  no  original  part  of  E,  but, 
rather,  a  poetic  development  of  E's  theme  by  a  much  later 
hand,  who  had  Ex.  15^1  before  him. 

The  poem  is  regarded  as  a  unity  by  most  scholars;  but  Ew., 
Del.,  Di.  found  a  Mosaic  kernel  in  vv.  lb-3,  and  Strack,  Dr., 
in  lb-11,  18.    Nourse  views  lb-12  as  older  than  13-18. 

The  date  of  its  composition  cannot  be  determined  with  cer- 
tainty,    vv.  13,  17  presuppose  the  temple  (so  Ba.,  Ad.,  Ba., 

"  The  account  is  obviously  fragmentary  and  there  is  considerable  difference  as  to  E's 
share.— V.  3  E:  Ba.,  Co.,  Ba.,  Ho.,  Or.,  Kent.  P:  Di.,  Dr.,  CH.,  St.,  McN.— v.  10b  E: 
Dr.,  CH.,  Ba.,  Pr.,  Stenning,  Smend  (cf.  Josh.  24').  J?:  Co.,  Di.  P:  Ho.,  Or.,  Ba.,  St. 
V.  25a  E:  Ba.,  Co.,  Bii.,  Or.,  Ho.,  Di.  J:  We.,  Dr.,  St.,  Smend,  McN.— In  25a,  for  "took 
off,"  read  "bound,"  as  in  LXX  and  Syr. 

"  V.  19  Rp. 


...15>2]  E13vii-15  153 

Gr.,  Co.,  GFM.,  Stark,  et  al.) :  although  17a  may  refer  to  the 
whole  land  as  a  sacred  habitation,  and  17b  may  he  a  later  ad- 
dition (CH.,  Se.).  vv.  13-17  suggest  the  exilic  hope  of  restora- 
tion (CH.,  McN.,  et  al.).  The  song  is  a  Passover  psalm,  and 
belongs  in  the  same  general  literary  type  as  Pss.  78,  105,  106, 
114  (CH.,  Stark)  and  68  (McN.).  The  terminus  ad  quern  for 
its  origin  is  Neh.  9^^  (memoirs  of  Ezra),  where  Ex.  15^  is  quoted. 
It  is  then  late  preexilic,  Ba.,  exilic,  CH.,  McN.,  or  post- 
exilic,  Bender,  St.,  Smcnd. 

Ex.  15  is  universally  regarded  as  one  of  the  best  productions 
of  Hebrew  poetry  (Stiirk). 

15'  Then  sang  Moses  and  the  children  of  Israel  this  song 
unto  Jehovah,  and  spake,  saying, 

I  will  sing  unto  Jehovah,  for  he  hath  triumphed  gloriously: 
The  horse  and  his  rider  hath  he  thrown  into  the  sea. 

2  Jehovah  is  my  strength  and  song. 
And  he  is  become  my  salvation: 
This  is  my  God,  and  I  will  praise  him ; 
My  father's  God,  and  I  will  exalt  him. 

3  Jehovah  is  a  man  of  war : 
Jehovah  is  his  name. 

4  Pharaoh's  chariots  and  his  host  hath  he  cast  into  the  sea; 
And  his  chosen  captains  are  sunk  in  the  Red  Sea. 

5  The  deeps  cover  them : 

They  went  down  into  the  depths  like  a  stone. 

6  Thy  right  hand,  O  Jehovah,  is  glorious  in  power, 

Thy  right  hand,  O  Jehovah,  dasheth  in  pieces  the  enemy. 

7  And  in  the  greatness  of  thine  excellency  thou  overthrowest 

them  that  rise  up  against  thee : 
Thou  sendest  forth  thy  wrath,  it  consumeth  them  as  stub- 
ble. 

8  And  with  the  blast  of  thy  nostrils  the  waters  were  piled  up, 
The  floods  stood  upright  as  a  heap ; 

The  deeps  were  congealed  in  the  heart  of  the  sea. 

9  The  enemy  said, 

I  will  pursue,  I  will  overtake,  I  will  divide  the  spoil ; 

My  desire  shall  be  satisfied  upon  them ; 

I  will  draw  my  sword,  my  hand  shall  destroy  them. 

10  Thou  didst  blow  with  thy  wind,  the  sea  covered  them : 
They  sank  as  load  in  the  mighty  waters. 

11  Who  is  like  unto  th(>e,  O  Jehovah,  among  the  gods? 
Who  is  like  thee,  glorious  in  holiness, 

Fearful  in  praises,  doing  wonders? 

12  Thou  stretchedst  out  thy  right  hand, 
The  earth  swallowed  them. 


154  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH     [  Ex.  15^3 

13  Thou  in  thy  lovingkindness  hast  led  the  people  that  thou 

hast  redeemed: 
Thou  hast  guided  them  in  thy  strength  to  thy  holy  habita- 
tion. 

14  The  peoples  have  heard,  they  tremble : 

Pangs  have  taken  hold  on  the  inhabitants  of  Philistia. 

15  Then  were  the  chiefs  of  Edom  dismayed  ; 

The  mighty  men  of  Moab,  trembling  taketh  hold  upon 

them: 
All  the  inhabitants  of  Canaan  are  melted  away. 

16  Terror  and  dread  falleth  upon  them; 

By  the  greatness  of  thine  arm  they  are  as  still  as  a  stone ; 

Till  thy  people  pass  over,  O  Jehovah, 

Till  the  people  pass  over  that  thou  hast  purchased. 

17  Thou  wilt  bring  them  in,  and  plant  them  in  the  mountain 

of  thine  inheritance, 
The  place,  O  Jehovah,  which  thou  hast  made  for  thee  to 

dwell  in. 
The  sanctuary,  O  Lord,  which  thy  hands  have  established. 

18  Jehovah  shall  reign  for  ever  and  ever. 

19  For  the  horses  of  Pharaoh  went  in  with  his  chariots  and  with  his 
horsemen  into  the  sea,  and  Jehovah  brought  back  the  waters  of  the  sea 
upon  them;  but  the  children  of  Israel  walked  on  dry  land  in  the  midst 
of  the  sea. 

16.  The  Song  of  Miriam.    E15.     Micah  6". 
Ex.  1520-21 

20  And  Miriam  the  prophetess,  the  sister  of  Aaron,  took  a 
timbrel  in  her  hand;  and  all  the  women  went  out  after  her 
with  timbrels  and  with  dances.  21  And  Miriam  answered 
them. 

Sing  ye  to  Jehovah,  for  he  hath  triumphed  gloriously; 
The  horse  and  his  rider  hath  he  thrown  into  the  sea. 

17.  Jehovah  Proves  the  Israelites. 

Ex.   1525b-26 

25b  There  he  made  for  them  a  statute  and  an  ordinance,  and 
there  he  proved  them;  26  and  he  said,  If  thou  wilt  diligently 
hearken  to  the  voice  of  Jehovah  thy  God,  and  wilt  do  that  which  is  right 
in  his  eyes,  and  wilt  give  ear  to  his  commandments,  and  keep  all  his  stat- 
utes, I  will  put  none  of  the  diseases  upon  thee,  which  I  have  put  upon 
the  Egyptians:  for  I  am  Jehovah  that  healeth  thee. 


"  Smend  alone  assigns  this  fragment  to  J! 

"v.  26  Rd:  Ba.,  Co.,  Ho.,  Pr.,  Ba.,  St.,  Smend,  apd  "critics  generally"  Bev.     Rje: 
We.,  CH, 


...18^  ]  E15-20  155 

18.  Moses  Smites  the  Rock  in  Horeb  to  Furnish  a  Water 

Supply.     J28,  30.     P66. 

Ex.  17'-« 

3  And  the  people  thirsted  there  for  water;  and  the  people 
murmured  against  Moses,  and  said,  Wherefore  hast  thou 
brought  us  up^out  of  Egypt,  to  kill  us  and  our  children  and  our 
cattle  with  thirst?  4  And  Moses  cried  unto  Jehovali,  saying, 
What  shall  I  do  unto  this  people?  they  are  almost  ready  to 
stone  me.  5  And  Jehovah  said  unto  Moses,  Pass  on  before 
the  people,  and  take  with  thee  of  the  elders  of  Israel ;  and  thy 
rod,  wherewith  thou  smotest  the  river,  take  in  thy  hand,  and 
go.  6  Behold,  I  will  stand  before  thee  there  upon  the  rock  in 
Horeb;  and  thou  shalt  smite  the  rock,  and  there  shall  come 
water  out  of  it,  that  the  people  may  drink.  And  Moses  did  so 
in  the  sight  of  the  elders  of  Israel. 

19.  Joshua's  Defeat  of  Amalek  at  Rephidim:  Aaron  and 

Hur  Stay  Up  Moses's  Hands.     E37. 

Ex.  17«-'« 

8  Then  came  Amalek,  and  fought  with  Israel  in  Rephidim. 
9  And  Moses  said  unto  Joshua,  Choose  us  out  men,  and  go 
out,  fight  with  Amalek:  to-morrow  I  will  stand  on  the  top  of 
the  hill  with  the  rod  of  God  in  my  hand,  10  So  Joshua  did  as 
Moses  had  said  to  him,  and  fought  with  Amalek:  and  Moses, 
Aaron,  and  Hur  went  up  to  the  top  of  the  hill.  11  And  it  came 
to  pass,  when  Moses  held  up  his  hand,  that  Israel  prevailed; 
and  when  he  let  down  his  hand,  Amalek  prevailed.  12  But 
Moses'  hands  were  heavy;  and  they  took  a  stone,  and  put  it 
under  him,  and  he  sat  thereon;  and  Aaron  and  Hur  stayed  up 
his  hands,  the  one  on  the  one  side,  and  the  other  on  the  other 
side;  and  his  hands  were  steady  until  the  going  down  of  the 
sun.  13  And  Joshua  discomfited  Amalek  and  his  people  with 
the  edge  of  the  sword.  14  And  Jehovah  said  unto  Moses,  Write  this 
for  a  memorial  in  a  book,  and  rehearse  it  in  the  ears  of  Joshua:  that  I  will 
utterly  blot  out  the  remembrance  of  Amalek  from  under  heaven.  15  And 
Moses  built  an  altar,  and  called  the  name  of  it  Jehovah-nissi ;  16 
and  he  said,  Jehovah  hath  sworn :  Jehovah  will  have  war  with 
Amalek  from*  generation  to  generation. 

20.  Jethro  Visits  the  Camp  of  Israel.    Elli,  vii.     J35. 
Ex.  181-12 

18 1  Now  Jethro,  the   priest    of   Midian,    Moses'   father-in- 

"V.  3  J:  CH..  GFM.,  McN. 

"J:  Smend!  (in  spite  of  Joshua  and  Aaron),  w.  14-16  J:  Ki.  v.  14  R:  Gr.  (cf.  Dt. 
25"),  Ba.,  Ho.,  St.  (E'),  Sincnd,  Kent.  The  narrative  is  regarded  as  unhistorical  (Smend, 
cf.  Nu.  14'»"). 

'"v.  2b  Rje.  Perh.  also  other  traces  of  Rjc:  w.  2-4,  Dr.,  Gr. ;  or  vv.  8-10,  Dr.,  Ho., 
CH.  Smend  finds  J  hero,  iiIsd.  In  v.  3,  "sojourner":  in  Hcbr.  is  ger,  cf.  Gershom,  v.  4 
"EUezer"  is  made  up  of  the  Ilebr.  words  El  (God)  and  eztr  (help), 


156  SOURCES   OF  THE  HEXATEUCH      [  Ex.  18^ 

law,  heard  of  all  that  God  had  done  for  Moses,  and  for 
Israel  his  people,  how  that  Jehovah  had  brought  Israel  out  of 
Egypt.  2  And  Jethro,  Moses'  father-in-law,  took  Zipporah, 
Moses'  wife,  after  he  had  sent  her  away,  3  and  her  two  sons ;  of 
whom  the  name  of  the  one  was  Gershom;  for  he  said,  I  have 
been  a  sojourner  in  a  foreign  land :  4  and  the  name  of  the  other 
was  Eliezer;  for  he  said,  The  God  of  my  father  was  my  help, 
and  delivered  me  from  the  sword  of  Pharaoh.  5  And  Jethro, 
Moses'  father-in-law,  came  with  his  sons  and  his  wife  unto 
Moses  into  the  wilderness  where  he  was  encamped,  at  the 
mount  of  God:  6  and  he  said  unto  Moses,  I,  thy  father-in- 
law  Jethro,  am  come  unto  thee,  and  thy  wife,  and  her  two 
sons  with  her.  7  And  Moses  went  out  to  meet  his  father-in- 
law,  and  did  obeisance,  and  kissed  him;  and  they  asked  each 
other  of  their  welfare;  and  they  came  into  the  tent.  8  And 
Moses  told  his  father-in-law  all  that  Jehovah  had  done  unto 
Pharaoh  and  to  the  Egyptians  for  Israel's  sake,  all  the  travail 
that  had  come  upon  them  by  the  way,  and  how  Jehovah  de- 
livered them.  9  And  Jethro  rejoiced  for  all  the  goodness 
which  Jehovah  had  done  to  Israel,  in  that  he  had  delivered 
them  out  of  the  hand  of  the  Egyptians.  10  And  Jethro  said. 
Blessed  be  Jehovah,  who  hath  delivered  you  out  of  the  hand 
of  the  Egyptians,  and  out  of  the  hand  of  Pharaoh;  who  hath 
delivered  the  people  from  under  the  hand  of  the  Egyptians. 
11  Now  I  know  that  Jehovah  is  greater  than  all  gods;  yea,  in 
the  thing  wherein  they  dealt  proudly  against  them.  12  And 
Jethro,  Moses'  father-in-law,  took  a  burnt-offering  and  sacri- 
fices for  God :  and  Aaron  came,  and  all  the  elders  of  Israel,  to 
eat  bread  with  Moses'  father-in-law  before  God. 

21.  Moses's  Father-in-law  Advises  Him  Regarding  Ju- 
dicial Organization.     E20,  32.     Dt.  V-^^. 

Ex.  1813-27 

13  And  it  came  to  pass  on  the  morrow,  that  Moses  sat  to 
judge  the  people:  and  the  people  stood  about  Moses  from  the 
morning  unto  the  evening.  14  And  when  Moses'  father-in- 
law  saw  all  that  he  did  to  the  people,  he  said.  What  is  this 
thing  that  thou  doest  to  the  people?  why  sittest'thou  thyself 
alone,  and  all  the  people  stand  about  thee  from  morning  unto 
even?  15  And  Moses  said  unto  his  father-in-law.  Because  the 
people  come  unto  me  to  inquire  of  God :  16  when  they  have  a 
matter,  they  come  unto  me;  and  I  judge  between  a  man  and 
his  neighbor,  and  I  make  them  know  the  statutes  of  God,  and 
his  laws. 

17  And  Moses'  father-in-law  said  unto  him,  The  thing  that 

"  R  in  w.  25-26?:  Or.,  Ba.,  St.,  Ho.    v.  26.  cf.  Dt.  178. 


...19'M  E2a-22  157 

thou  doest  is  not  good.  18  Thou  wilt  surely  wear  away,  both 
thou,  and  this  people  that  is  with  thee:  for  the  thing  is  too 
heavy  for  thee;  thou  art  not  able  to  perform  it  thyself  alone. 
19  Hearken  now  unto  my  voice,  I  will  give  thee  counsel,  and 
God  be  with  thee:  be  thou  for  the  people  to  Godward,  and 
bring  thou  the  causes  unto  God :  20  and  thou  shalt  teach  them 
the  statutes  and  the  laws,  and  shalt  show  them  the  way  where- 
in they  must  walk,  and  the  work  that  they  must  do.  21  More- 
over thou  shalt  provide  out  of  all  the  people  able  men,  such  as 
fear  God,  men  of  truth,  hating  unjust  gain;  and  place  such 
over  them,  to  be  rulers  of  thousands,  rulers  of  hundreds,  rulers 
of  fifties,  and  rulers  of  tens:  22  and  let  them  judge  the  people 
at  all  seasons:  and  it  shall  be,  that  every  great  matter  they 
shall  bring  unto  thee,  but  every  small  matter  they  shall  judge 
themselves:  so  shall  it  be  easier  for  thyself,  and  they  shall 
bear  the  burden  with  thee.  23  If  thou  shalt  do  this  thing,  and 
God  command  thee  so,  then  thou  shalt  be  able  to  endure,  and 
all  this  people  also  shall  go  to  their  place  in  peace. 

24  So  Moses  hearkened  to  the  voice  of  his  father-in-law,  and 
did  all  that  he  had  said.  25  And  Moses  chose  able  men  out  of 
all  Israel,  and  made  them  heads  over  the  people,  rulers  of 
thousands,  rulers  of  hundreds,  rulers  of  fifties,  and  rulers  of  tens. 
26  And  they  judged  the  people  at  all  seasons:  the  hard  causes 
they  brought  unto  Moses,  but  every  small  matter  they  judged 
themselves.  27  And  Moses  let  his  father-in-law  depart;  and 
he  went  his  way  into  his  o^vn  land. 

22.  Appearance  of  God  on  the  Mount.     J31. 

Ex     192b-3a.l0-lla. 14-17. 19  <2JQ^^--^ 

19^''  And  there  Israel  encamped  before  the  mount.  3a  And 
Moses  w(^it  up  unto  God.  10  And  Jehovah  said  unto  Moses, 
Go  unto  the  people,  and  sanctify  them  to-day  and  to-morrow, 
and  let  them  wash  their  garments,  11a  and  be  ready  against 
the  third  day. 

14  And  Moses  went  down  from  the  mount  unto  the  people, 
and  sanctified  the  peojole;  and  they  washed  their  garments. 
15  And  he  said  unto  the  people.  Be  ready  against  the  third 
day :  come  not  near  a  woman. 

16  And  it  came  to  pass  on  the  third  day,  when  it  was  morn- 
ing, that  there  were  thunders  and  lightnings,  and  a  thick  cloud 
upon  the  mount,  and  the  voice  of  a  trumpet  exceeding  loud; 
and  all  the  people?  that  were  in  the  camp  trembled.  17  And 
Moses  brought  forth  the  people  out  of  the  camp  to  meet  God ; 

"20"<-2'  after  19":  We.,  Bu.,  Ku.,  Jul.,  GFM.,  and  "generally  accepted"  GFM.,  cf- 
Dt.  5.  Even  Eerd.  makes  this  change:  but  W.  II.  Greene,  Ba.,  and  Nourse  oppose  it> 
and  favor  the  present  place  of  the  Decalogue. 


158  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH     [  Ex.  19" 

and  they  stood  at  the  nether  part  of  the  mount.  19  And  when 
the  voice  of  the  trumpet  waxed  louder  and  louder,  Moses  spake, 
and  God  answered  him  by  a  voice. 

20^^  And  all  the  people  perceived  the  thunderings,  and  the 
lightnings,  and  the  voice  of  the  trumpet,  and  the  mountain 
smoking :  and  when  the  people  saw  it,  they  trembled,  and  stood 
afar  off.  19  And  they  said  unto  Moses,  Speak  thou  with  us, 
and  we  will  hear;  but  let  not  God  speak  with  us,  lest  we  die. 
20  And  Moses  said  unto  the  people,  Fear  not:  for  God  is  come 
to  prove  you,  and  that  his  fear  may  be  before  you,  that  ye  sin 
not.  21  And  the  people  stood  afar  off,  and  Moses  drew  near 
unto  the  thick  darkness  where  God  was. 

23.  The  E  Decalogue.    J34.    Dt.  5^-^K 

Ex.  201-1' 

Introductory  Note. — All  critics  are  agreed  that  the  Deca- 
logue belongs  in  the  E  literature  (except  St.,  Rp),  and  owes  its 
present  form  to  the  Deuteronomic  movement  (700-650ff.). 
Practically  all  (except  Meisner)  are  also  agreed  that  the  original 
Decalogue  consisted  of  the  ten  "words"  without  the  expansions 
or  reasons  for  obedience ;  the  biblical  expression  "the  ten  words," 
stylistic  considerations,  and  comparison  with  Dt.  5  lead  to  this 
hypothesis  (which  even  Eerd.  holds  in  a  modified  form). 

When  was  the  original  Decalogue  produced?  Some  hold  that 
there  is  no  good  reason  to  doubt  that  it  came  from  Moses :  so 
Di.,  B.  Dehtzsch,  Konig,  Ki.,  Dr.,  Lotz,  Se.,  Pr.,  Eerd.,  Knud- 
son,  Peritz,  J.  P.  Peters.  Gr.  assigns  it  to  the  time  of  the 
Judges,  for  commandments  II  and  IV  presuppose  the  settle- 
ment in  Canaan.  Many,  however,  believe  that  even  the 
original  form  could  not  have  come  from  a  period  antedating 
B.  C.  700.  The  Decalogue  as  a  whole  is  believed  to  reflect  the 
prophetic  movement,  and  commandments  II,  IV,  and  X  in 
particular  are  believed  to  show  Canaanitic  influence  or  other 
late  ideas.  The  absence  of  any  allusions  to  it  before  Dt.  is 
also  significant.  Co.  dates  it  in  the  seventh  century  in  Judah. 
This  general  view  is  accepted  by  We.,  Ku.,  Ba.,  Ad.,  Meisner, 
Ba.,  Staerk,  Baudissin,  Kraetzschmar,  CH.,  McN.  (after  Amos 
and  Ho.)  Kent  and  Smend  (after  Amos).  Ho.  4^  seems  to  be 
either  a  condensed  summary  of  part  of  the  Decalogue,  or  a  be- 
ginning of  the  movement  that  culminated  in  Ex.  20.  St.  holds 
that  Ex.  20  was  taken  from  Dt.  5,  and  that  Dt.  5  is  exilic ;  for  the 
Sabbath  was  the  only  cult-requirement  that  exiles  could  observe ! 

It  follows  from  the  general  view  presented  that  E  in  its 
original  form  did  not  contain  the  Decalogue,  which  was  in- 
serted by  a  later  hand  between  Ex.  lO^^  and  201**.  Some  hold 
that  the  narrative  requires  an  E-Decalogue,  and  so  try  to  re- 


-20 1^  ]  E22-24  159 

cover  it;  Stark,  in  Ex.  22^6  "  231^-16.10-12;  Meisner  in  Ex. 
23'^"!^;  and  also  Bii.  McN.  points  out  that  most  of  the  ten 
words  can  be  found  in  an  earher,  more  concrete  form  in  CC, 
as  follows:  I,  CC2023a.  II,  00202^''.  Ill,  CC23'».  IV,  CC2312. 
V,  CC21i^i7,  Yl,  CC2112.  VII,  om.CC;  cf.  22i«-i^  VIII, 
CC21i«  221".    jx,  CC23i^    X,  om.CC. 

1  And  God  spake  all  these  words,  saying, 

2  I  am  Jehovah  thy  God,  who  brought  thee  out  of  the  land 
of  Egypt,  out  of  the  house  of  bondage. 

I.  3  Thou  shalt  have  no  other  gods  before  me. 

II.  4  Thou  shalt  not  make  unto  thee  a  graven  image,  nor 
any  likeness  of  any  thing  that  is  in  heaven  above,  or  that  is  in  the  earth 
beneath,  or  that  is  in  the  water  under  the  earth:  5  thou  shalt  not  bow 
down  thyself  unto  them,  nor  serve  them;  for  I  Jehovah  thy  God  am  a 
jealous  God,  visiting  the  iniquity  of  the  fathers  upon  the  children,  upon 
the  third  and  upon  the  fourth  generation  of  them  that  hate  me,  6  and 
showing  lovingkindness  unto  thousands  of  them  that  love  me  and  keep 
my  commandments. 

III.  7  Thou  shalt  not  take  the  name  of  Jehovah  thy  God  in 
vain ;  for  Jehovah  will  not  hold  him  guiltless  that  taketh  his  name  in 
vain. 

IV.  8  Remember  the  sabbath  day,  to  keep  it  holy.  9  Six 
days  shalt  thou  labor,  and  do  all  thy  work;  but  the  seventh  day  is  a 
sabbath  unto  Jehovah  thy  God:  in  it  thou  shalt  not  do  any  work,  thou, 
nor  thy  son,  nor  thy  daughter,  thy  man-servant,  nor  thy  maid-servant, 
nor  thy  cattle,  nor  thy  stranger  that  is  within  thy  gates:  11  for  in  six 
days  Jehovah  made  heaven  and  earth,  the  sea,  and  all  that  in  them  is, 
and  rested  the  seventh  day:  wherefore  Jehovah  blessed  the  sabbath  day, 
and  hallowed  it. 

V.  12  Honor  thy  father  and  thy  mother,  that  thy  days  may  be 
long  in  the  land  which  Jehovah  thy  C!od  giveth  thee. 

VI.  13  Thou  shalt  not  kill. 

VII.  14  Thou  shalt  not  commit  adultery. 

VIII.  15  Thou  shalt  not  steal. 

IX.  16  Thou  shalt  not  bear  false  witness  against  thy  neigh- 
bor. 

X.  17  Thou  shalt  not  covet  thy  neighbor's  house,  thou  shalt  not 
covet  thy  neighbor's  wife,  nor  his  man-servant,  nor  his  maid-servant,  nor 
his  ox,  nor  his  ass,  nor  anj'thing  that  is  thy  neighbor's. 

24.  The  Code  (or  Book)  of  the  Covenant  (CC).     J34.  Code 
OF  Hammurapi. 
Introductory  Note. — CC  is  now  unanimously  assigned  to 

-'  All  the  redaction  is  the  work  of  Rd,  except  v.  11  which  is  Rp.  (cf.  PI).  Even  Eerd. 
admits  that  v.  11  is  R. 


160  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH     [  Ex.  20^2 

the  E  literature,  and  all  agree  that  it  contains  groups  of  laws 
ancient,  but  not  homogeneous,  in  origin. 

It  is  recognized  that  the  present  connection  of  CC  with  the 
context  in  E  is  very  loose  (Ex.  20^^;  24^-^).  Many  scholars 
think  it  probable  that  CC  was  not  originally  E's  basis  for  the 
Sinaitic  covenant,  as  Ex.  24^^^  now  implies;  but,  either  it  oc- 
cupied the  present  place  of  Dt.,  as  Moses's  final  legislation  in 
Moab  (cf .  E49,  Dt.  27^-'^ :  so,  Ku.,  Se.,  Kent,  Co.,  Ba.,  McN.) ; 
or  it  was  Joshua's  recapitulation  of  the  Mosaic  law  (E70,  Josh. 
2425;  so.  Ho.,  St.,  Pr.).    Both  views  are  rejected  by  Smend. 

In  its  present  form  CC  shows  numerous  traces  of  the  work 
of  Rd,  but,  when  these  are  eliminated,  the  remaining  body  of 
laws— esp.  the  "Judgments"  E24ii,  Ex.  21i-22i7— is  probably 
the  oldest  collection  of  Israelitic  law  in  existence  (Or.,  and  cf. 
J34).  Dr.  says  that  in  CC  and  the  Decalogue  ''the  teaching  of 
Moses  is  preserved  in  its  least  modified  form."  Di.,  Se.,  Eerd. 
accept  CC  as  substantially  Mosaic.  But  most  agree  that  the 
type  of  agricultural  civiHzation  presupposed  in  the  laws  implies 
the  settlement  in  Canaan.  The  period  of  the  Judges  or  that 
of  the  United  Kingdom  is  coming  to  be  widely  accepted  as  the 
date  of  the  oldest  laws  in  CC:  so,  Kent,  Dr.,  Merx,  Eiselen, 
Or.,  Pr.,  Ki.  Smend,  however,  dates  the  collection  after  Amos, 
though  admitting  an  earlier  origin  for  many  of  the  laws. 

Various  attempts  have  been  made  to  divide  the  laws  of  CC 
into  groups  of  five  (pentads)  or  ten  (decads).  Paton  (JBL, 
vol.  12,  pp.  79-93)  has  made  the  most  important  contribution 
to  this  analysis,  and  has  made  it  highly  probable  that  the  laws 
of  CC  were  originally  grouped  in  ten  decads.  But  this  view 
has  not  met  with  general  acceptance.  Of  recent  writers,  Eerd. 
and  Smend  specifically  reject  it. 

Smend  notes  that  the  general  tendency  of  CC  is  to  put  cultus 
in  the  background,  relative  to  law  and  morals. 

24i.  The  Law  of  the  Altar.     E49. 

Ex.   2022-26 

22  And  Jehovah  said  unto  Moses,  Thus  thou  shalt  say  unto 
the  children  of  Israel,  Ye  yourselves  have  seen  that  I  have 
talked  with  you  from  heaven.  23  Ye  shall  not  make  other 
gods  with  me;  gods  of  silver,  or  gods  of  gold,  ye  shall  not 
make  unto  you.  24  An  altar  of  earth  thou  shalt  make  unto 
me,  and  shalt  sacrifice  thereon  thy  burnt-offerings,  and  thy 
peace-offerings,  thy  sheep,  and  thine  oxen:  in  every  place 
where  I  record  my  name  I  will  come  unto  thee  and  I  will  bless 

"^  This  law  is  very  important.  According  to  critics,  it  permits  sacrifice  at  any  shrine, 
in  contrast  to  Dt.  (ch.  12,  etc.),  which  restricts  it  to  Jerusalem.  Smend  views  our  passage 
as  a  direct  polemic  against  luxury  in  cultus  and  centralization  of  worship  (Solomon's 
temple,  Dt.). 


-21^8]  E24i-iiCC  IGl 

thee.  25  And  if  thou  make  me  an  altar  of  stone,  thou  shalt 
not  build  it  of  hewn  stones;  for  if  thou  lift  up  thy  tool  upon 
it,  thou  hast  polluted  it.  26  Neither  shalt  thou  go  up  by  steps 
unto  mine  altar,  that  thy  nakedness  be  not  uncovered  thereon. 

24ii.  The  Judgments  (Mishpatim). 

Ex.  211-2217 

2V  Now  these  are  the  ordinances  which  thou  shalt  set  be- 
fore them. 

2  If  thou  buy  a  Hebrew  servant,  six  years  he  shall  serve: 
and  in  the  seventh  he  shall  go  out  free  for  nothing.  3  If  he 
come  in  by  himself,  he  shall  go  out  by  himself :  if  he  be  mar- 
ried, then  his  wife  shall  go  out  with  him.  4  If  his  master  give 
him  a  wife,  and  she  bear  him  sons  or  daughters;  the  wife  and 
her  children  shall  be  her  master's,  and  he  shall  go  out  by  him- 
self. 5  But  if  the  servant  shall  plainly  say,  I  love  my  master, 
my  wife,  and  my  children;  I  will  not  go  out  free:  6  then  his 
master  shall  bring  him  unto  God,  and  shall  bring  him  to  the 
door,  or  unto  the  door-post;  and  his  master  shall  bore  his  ear 
through  with  an  awl ;  and  he  shall  serve  him  for  ever. 

7  And  if  a  man  sell  his  daughter  to  be  a  maid-servant,  she 
shall  not  go  out  as  the  men-servants  do.  8  If  she  please  not 
her  master,  who  hath  espoused  her  to  himself,  then  shall  he 
let  her  be  redeemed :  to  sell  her  unto  a  foreign  people  he  shall 
have  no  power,  seeing  he  hath  dealt  deceitfully  with  her.  9  And 
if  he  espouse  her  unto  his  son,  he  shall  deal  with  her  after  the 
manner  of  daughters.  10  If  he  take  him  another  wife;  her  food, 
her  raiment,  and  her  duty  of  marriage,  shall  he  not  diminish. 
11  And  if  he  do  not  these  three  things  unto  her,  then  shall  she 
go  out  for  nothing,  without  money. 

12  He  that  smiteth  a  man,  so  that  he  dieth,  shall  surely  be 
put  to  death.  13  And  if  a  man  lie  not  in  wait,  but  God  deliver 
him  into  his  hand ;  then  I  will  appoint  thee  a  place  whither  he 
shall  flee.  14  And  if  a  man  come  presumptuously  upon  his 
neighbor,  to  slay  him  with  guile;  thou  shalt  take  him  from 
mine  altar,  that  he  may  die. 

15  And  he  that  smiteth  his  father,  or  his  mother,  shall  be 
surely  put  to  death. 

16  And  he  that  stealeth  a  man,  and  selleth  him,  or  if  he  be 
found  in  his  hand,  he  shall  surely  be  put  to  death. 

17  And  he  that  curseth  his  father  or  his  mother,  shall  surely 
be  put  to  death. 

18  And  if  men  contend,  and  one  smite  the  other  with  a  stone. 


J4ii  210  probably  refers  to  the  local  sanctuary  (as  in  Code  Ham.,  Paton) ;  or  perhaps  to 
the  household  gods  (Eerd.). — v.  17  gloss:  McN.,  Paton. — vv.  22-2.1  kIoss:  Paton,  Smeud 
(24-25) :  it  is  at  least  out  of  its  proper  connection  (Bu.).    Cf.  PH  42vii:   Lv.  24'«-2'i. 


162  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH     [Ex.  211^ 

or  with  his  fist,  and  he  die  not,  but  keep  his  bed ;  19  if  he  rise 
again,  and  walk  abroad  upon  his  staff,  then  shall  he  that  smote 
him  be  quit:  only  he  shall  pay  for  the  loss  of  his  time,  and 
shall  cause  him  to  be  thoroughly  healed. 

20  And  if  a  man  smite  his  servant,  or  his  maid,  with  a  rod, 
and  he  die  under  his  hand ;  he  shall  surely  be  punished.  21  Not- 
withstanding, if  he  continue  a  day  or  two,  he  shall  not  be  pun- 
ished :  for  he  is  his  money. 

22  And  if  men  strive  together,  and  hurt  a  woman  with  child, 
so  that  her  fruit  depart,  and  yet  no  harm  follow;  he  shall  be 
surely  fined,  according  as  the  woman's  husband  shall  lay  upon 
him;  and  he  shall  pay  as  the  judges  determine.  23  But  if 
any  harm  follow,  then  thou  shalt  give  life  for  life,  24  eye  for 
eye,  tooth  for  tooth,  hand  for  hand,  foot  for  foot,  25  burning 
for  burning,  wound  for  wound,  stripe  for  stripe. 

26  And  if  a  man  smite  the  eye  of  his  servant,  or  the  eye  of 
his  maid,  and  destroy  it;  he  shall  let  him  go  free  for  his  eye's 
sake.  27  And  if  he  smite  out  his  man-servant's  tooth,  or  his 
maid-servant's  tooth;  he  shall  let  him  go  free  for  his  tooth's 
sake. 

28  And  if  an  ox  gore  a  man  or  a  woman  to  death,  the  ox 
shall  be  surely  stoned,  and  its  flesh  shall  not  be  eaten;  but  the 
owner  of  the  ox  shall  be  quit.  29  But  if  the  ox  was  wont  to 
gore  in  time  past,  and  it  hath  been  testified  to  its  owner,  and 
he  hath  not  kept  it  in,  but  it  hath  killed  a  man  or  a  woman; 
the  ox  shall  be  stoned,  and  its  owner  also  shall  be  put  to  death. 
30  If  there  be  laid  on  him  a  ransom,  then  he  shall  give  for  the 
redemption  of  his  life  whatsoever  is  laid  upon  him.  31  Whether 
it  have  gored  a  son,  or  have  gored  a  daughter,  according  to  this 
judgment  shall  it  be  done  unto  him.  32  If  the  ox  gore  a  man- 
servant or  a  maid-servant,  there  shall  be  given  unto  their 
master  thirty  shekels  of  silver,  and  the  ox  shall  be  stoned. 

33  And  if  a  man  shall  open  a  pit,  or  if  a  man  shall  dig  a  pit 
and  not  cover  it,  and  an  ox  or  an  ass  fall  therein,  34  the  owner 
of  the  pit  shall  make  it  good;  he  shall  give  money  unto  the 
owner  thereof,  and  the  dead  beast  shall  be  his. 

35  And  if  one  man's  ox  hurt  another's,  so  that  it  dieth,  then 
they  shall  sell  the  live  ox,  and  divide  the  price  of  it;  and  the 
dead  also  they  shall  divide.  36  Or  if  it  be  known  that  the  ox 
was  wont  to  gore  in  time  past,  and  its  owner  hath  not  kept  it 
in;  he  shall  surely  pay  ox  for  ox,  and  the  dead  beast  shall  be 
his  own. 

o  r>  If  a  man  shall  steal  an  ox,  or  a  sheep,  and  kill  it,  or  sell 
^^  it]  he  shall  pay  five  oxen  for  an  ox,  and  four  sheep  for  a 
sheep.  2  If  the  thief  be  found  breaking  in,  and  be  smitten  so 
that  he  dieth,  there  shall  be  no  bloodguiltiness  for  him.    3  If 


-22»8  ]  E24ii-iiiCC  163 

the  sun  be  risen  upon  him,  there  shall  be  bloodguiltiness  for 
him;  he  shall  make  restitution:  if  he  have  nothing,  then  he 
shall  be  sold  for  liis  theft.  4  If  the  theft  be  found  in  his  hand 
alive,  whether  it  be  ox,  or  ass,  or  sheep ;  he  shall  pay  double. 

5  If  a  man  shall  cause  a  field  or  vineyard  to  be  eaten,  and 
shall  let  his  beast  loose,  and  it  feed  in  another  man's  field;  of 
the  best  of  his  own  field,  and  of  the  best  of  his  own  vineyard, 
shall  he  make  restitution. 

6  If  fire  break  out,  and  catch  in  thorns,  so  that  the  shocks 
of  grain,  or  the  standing  grain,  or  the  field  are  consumed;  he 
that  kindled  the  fire  shall  surely  make  restitution. 

7  If  a  man  shall  deliver  unto  his  neighbor  money  or  stufT  to 
keep,  and  it  be  stolen  out  of  the  man's  house;  if  the  thief  be 
found,  he  shall  pay  double.  8  If  the  thief  be  not  found,  then 
the  master  of  the  house  shall  come  near  unto  God,  to  see  whether 
he  have  not  put  his  hand  unto  his  neighbor's  goods.  9  For 
every  matter  of  trespass,  whether  it  be  for  ox,  for  ass,  for  sheep, 
for  raiment,  or  for  any  manner  of  lost  thing,  whereof  one  saith. 
This  is  it,  the  cause  of  both  parties  shall  come  before  God;  he 
whom  God  shall  condemn  shall  pay  double  unto  his  neighbor. 

10  If  a  man  deliver  unto  his  neighbor  an  ass,  or  an  ox,  or  a 
sheep,  or  any  beast,  to  keep;  and  it  die,  or  be  hurt,  or  driven 
av;ay,  no  man  seeing  it:  11  the  oath  of  Jehovah  shall  be  be- 
tween them  both,  whether  he  hath  not  put  his  hand  unto  his 
neighbor's  goods;  and  the  owner  thereof  shall  accept  it,  and 
he  shall  not  make  restitution.  12  But  if  it  be  stolen  from  him, 
he  shall  make  restitution  unto  the  owner  thereof.  13  If  it  be 
torn  in  pieces,  let  him  bring  it  for  witness;  he  shall  not  make 
good  that  which  was  torn. 

14  And  if  a  man  borrow  aught  of  his  neighbor,  and  it  be 
hurt,  or  die,  the  owner  thereof  not  being  with  it,  he  shall  surely 
make  restitution.  15  If  the  owner  thereof  be  with  it,  he  shall 
not  make  it  good :  if  it  be  a  hired  thing,  it  came  for  its  hire. 

16  And  if  a  man  entice  a  virgin  that  is  not  betrothed,  and  lie 
with  her,  he  shall  surely  pay  a  dowry  for  her  to  l)e  his  wife. 
17  If  her  father  utterly  refuse  to  give  her  unto  him,  he  shall 
pay  money  according  to  the  dowry  of  virgins. 

24iii.  Words  (cf.  Ex.  24^) :  Moral  and  Ceremonial. 
Ex.  2218-2319 
22^8  Thou  shalt  not  suffer  a  sorceress  to  live. 


2«"'  All  redactional  materiiU  except  23'5-i»  is  the  work  of  Rd.  Co.,  St.,  Ho.,  Gr.,  Smend 
agree  on  all  vv.  so  assiKned.  Ra.,  CH.,  et  al.  agree  on  most.  Rd.  is  frequently  charac- 
terized by  Dt.'s  humanitarian  interest,  and  by  a  change  in  number  from  that  of  the  con- 
text.—22"  contradicts  213*'«  22"'3.  Co.— 23<-5  interrupt  vv.  3  and  C;  R:  Co.,  St.,  Ba., 
Gr.,  Smcnd;  only  out  of  place:  Dr.,  Ho.,  Eerd.  et  al. — 23"»,  cf.  v.  la,  Co. — 23»a  Rd:  Co., 
Ho.,  Ra.,  Eerd.,  cf.  22">;  23>5  R:  St.,  CH.,  Ho.,  Eerd.,  Smend;  but  genuine,  Ba.,  JUL,  Gr. 

23"'-'»  Rje,  from  Ex.  34'<"-;  so  all,  exc.  Eerd.,  who  believes  this  original  and  Ex.  34  a 
postexilio  copy. 


164  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH     [  Ex.  22^9 

19  Whosoever  lieth  with  a  beast  shall  surely  be  put  to  death. 

20  He  that  sacrificeth  unto  any  god,  save  unto  Jehovah  only, 
shall  be  utterly  destroyed.  21  And  a  sojourner  shalt  thou  not 
wrong,  neither  shalt  thou  oppress  him :  for  ye  were  sojourners  in 
the  land  of  Egypt.  22  Ye  shall  not  afflict  any  widow,  or  fatherless  child. 
23  If  thou  afflict  them  at  all,  and  they  cry  at  all  unto  me,  I 
will  surely  hear  their  cry;  24  and  my  wrath  shall  wax  hot,  and  I 
will  kill  you  with  the  sword;  and  your  wives  shall  be  widows,  and  your 
children  fatherless. 

25  If  thou  lend  money  to  any  of  my  people  with  thee  that  is 
poor,  thou  shalt  not  be  to  him  as  a  creditor ;  neither  shall  ye  lay 
upon  him  interest.  26  If  thou  at  all  take  thy  neighbor's  garment 
to  pledge,  thou  shalt  restore  it  unto  him  before  the  sun  goeth 
down:  27  for  that  is  his  only  covering,  it  is  his  garment  for 
his  skin:  wherein  shall  he  sleep?  and  it  shall  come  to  pass, 
when  he  crieth  unto  me,  that  I  will  hear ;  for  I  am  gracious. 

28  Thou  shalt  not  revile  God,  nor  curse  a  ruler  of  thy  people. 
29  Thou  shalt  not  delay  to  offer  of  thy  harvest,  and  of  the  out- 
flow of  thy  presses.  The  first-born  of  thy  sons  shalt  thou  give 
unto  me.  30  Likewise  shalt  thou  do  with  thine  oxen,  and  with 
thy  sheep:  seven  days  it  shall  be  with  its  dam;  on  the  eighth 
day  thou  shalt  give  it  me.  31  And  ye  shall  be  holy  men  unto  me: 
therefore  ye  shall  not  eat  any  flesh  that  is  torn  of  beasts  in  the  field;  ye 
shall  cast  it  to  the  dogs. 

oq  Thou  shalt  not  take  up  a  false  report:  put  not  thy 
^^  hand  with  the  wicked  to  be  an  unrighteous  witness. 
2  Thou  shalt  not  follow  a  multitude  to  do  evil;  neither  shalt 
thou  speak  in  a  cause  to  turn  aside  after  a  multitude  to  wrest 
justice :    3  neither  shalt  thou  favor  a  poor  man  in  his  cause. 

4  If  thou  meet  thine  enemy's  ox  or  his  ass  going  astray,  thou 
shalt  surely  bring  it  back  to  him  again.  5  If  thou  see  the  ass 
of  him  that  hateth  thee  lying  under  his  burden,  thou  shalt 
forbear  to  leave  him,  thou  shalt  surely  release  it  with  him. 

6  Thou  shalt  not  wrest  the  justice  dwe  to  thy  poor  in  his 
cause.  7  Keep  thee  far  from  a  false  matter ;  and  the  innocent 
and  righteous  slay  thou  not:  for  I  will  not  justify  the  wicked. 
8  And  thou  shalt  take  no  bribe :  for  a  bribe  bindeth  them  that 
have  sight,  and  perverteth  the  words  of  the  righteous.  9  And 
a  sojourner  shalt  thou  not  oppress :  for  ye  know  the  heart  of  a 
sojourner,  seeing  ye  were  sojourners  in  the  land  of  Egypt. 

10  And  six  years  thou  shalt  sow  thy  land,  and  shalt  gather 
in  the  increase  thereof:  11  but  the  seventh  year  thou  shalt 
let  it  rest  and  lie  fallow,  that  the  poor  of  thy  people  may  eat : 
and  what  they  leave  the  beast  of  the  field  shall  eat.  In  like 
manner  thou  shalt  deal  with  thy  vineyard,  and  with  thy  olive- 
yard.    12  Six  days  thou  shalt  do  thy  work,  and  on  the  seventh 


-23'"'  ]  E24iii-ivCC  165 

clay  thou  shalt  rest;  that  thine  ox  and  thine  ass  may  have 
rest,  and  the  son  of  thy  handmaid,  and  the  sojourner,  may  be 
refreshed.  13  And  in  all  things  that  I  have  said  unto  you 
take  ye  heed:  and  make  no  mention  of  the  name  of  other 
gods,  neither  let  it  be  heard  out  of  thy  mouth. 

14  Three  times  thou  shalt  keep  a  feast  unto  me  in  the  year. 
15  The  feast  of  unleavened  bread  shalt  thou  keep:  seven  days  thou  shalt 
eat  unleavened  bread,  aa  I  commanded  thee,  at  the  time  appointed  in  the 
month  Abib  (for  in  it  thou  earnest  out  from  Egypt) ;  and  none  shall  appear 
before  me  empty:  16  and  the  feast  of  harvest,  the  first-fruits  of  thy  la- 
bors, which  thou  sowest  in  the  field:  and  the  feast  of  ingathering,  at  the 
end  of  the  year,  when  thou  gatherest  in  thy  labors  out  of  the  field.  17 
Three  times  in  the  year  all  thy  males  shall  appear  before  the  Lord  Je- 
hovah. 

18  Thou  shalt  not  offer  the  blood  of  my  sacrifice  with  leavened  bread; 
neither  shall  the  fat  of  my  feast  remain  all  night  until  the  morning.  19  The 
first  of  the  first-fruits  of  thy  ground  thou  shalt  bring  into  the  house  of 
Jehovah  thy  God.    Thou  shalt  not  boil  a  kid  in  its  mother's  milk. 

24iv.  Parenetic  Conclusion.     P42ix.     Dt.  28. 

Ex.  23-0-^3 

20  Behold,  I  send  an  angel  before  thee,  to  keep  thee  by  the 
way,  and  to  bring  thee  into  the  place  which  I  have  prepared. 
21  Take  ye  heed  before  him,  and  hearken  unto  his  voice; 
provoke  him  not;  for  he  will  not  pardon  your  transgression: 
for  my  name  is  in  him.  22  But  if  thou  shalt  indeed  hearken 
unto  his  voice,  and  do  all  that  I  speak ;  then  I  will  be  an  enemy 
unto  thine  enemies,  and  an  adversary  unto  thine  adversaries. 
23  For  mine  angel  shall  go  before  thee,  and  bring  thee  in  unto  the  Amor- 
ite,  and  the  Hittite,  and  the  Perizzite,  and  the  Canaanite,  the  Hivite,  and 
the  Jebusite:  and  I  will  cut  them  off.  24  Thou  shalt  not  bow  down  to 
their  gods,  nor  serve  them,  nor  do  after  their  works;  but  thou  shalt  utterly 
overthrow  them,  and  break  in  pieces  their  pillars.  25  And  ye  shall  serve 
Jehovah  your  God,  and  he  will  bless  thy  bread,  and  thy  water ; 
and  I  will  take  sickness  away  from  the  midst  of  thee.  26 
There  shall  none  cast  her  young,  nor  be  barren,  in  thy  land : 
the  number  of  thy  days  I  will  fulfil.  27  I  will  send  my  terror 
before  thee,  and  will  discomfit  all  the  people  to  whom  thou 
shalt  come,  and  I  will  make  all  thine  enemies  turn  their  backs 
unto  thee.  28  And  I  will  send  the  hornet  before  thee,  which 
shall  drive  out  the  Hivite,  the  Canaanite,  and  the  Hittite,  from 
before  thee.  29  I  will  not  drive  them  out  from  before  thee 
in  one  year,  lest  the  hmd  become  desolate,  and  the  beasts  of 
the  field  multiply  against  thee.     30  By  little  and  little  I  w\\\ 

'*'"  The  majority  rcKiird  this  oonchjsion  as  E,  worked  over  by  Rd  as  indicated.  IIo, 
vicw.s  it  as  Rje  (JKs)  entire;  McN.,  Rd.  Eerd.  also  views  it  as  post-Deutcronomic,  and 
Snicnd  finds  both  J  and  E,  holding  that  the  passage  is  not  original  in  CC. 


166  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH     [  Ex.  233o 

drive  them  out  from  before  thee,  until  thou  be  increased,  and 
inherit  the  land.  31  And  I  will  set  thy  border  from  the  Red 
Sea  even  unto  the  sea  of  the  Philistines,  and  from  the  wilder- 
ness unto  the  River:  for  I  will  deliver  the  inhabitants  of  the  land 
into  your  hand;  and  thou  shalt  drive  them  out  before  thee.  32  Thou 
shalt  make  no  covenant  with  them,  nor  with  their  gods.  33  They  shall 
not  dwell  in  thy  land,  lest  they  make  thee  sin  against  me;  for  if  thou 
serve  their  gods,  it  will  surely  be  a  snare  unto  thee. 

25.  Moses  Builds  an  Altar  and  Twelve  Massebahs,  and 

Solemnizes  the  Covenant.     J34.    E55. 

Ex.  24^-8 

3  And  Moses  came  and  told  the  people  all  the  words  of 
Jehovah,  and  all  the  ordinances:  and  all  the  people  answered 
with  one  voice,  and  said.  All  the  words  which  Jehovah  hath 
spoken  will  we  do.  4  And  Moses  wrote  all  the  words  of  Jeho- 
vah, and  rose  up  early  in  the  morning,  and  builded  an  altar 
under  the  mount,  and  twelve  pillars,  according  to  the  twelve 
tribes  of  Israel.  5  And  he  sent  young  men  of  the  children  of 
Israel,  who  offered  burnt-offerings,  and  sacrificed  peace-offer- 
ings of  oxen  unto  Jehovah.  6  And  Moses  took  half  of  the 
blood,  and  put  it  in  basins ;  and  half  of  the  blood  he  sprinkled 
on  the  altar.  7  And  he  took  the  book  of  the  covenant,  and 
read  in  the  audience  of  the  people:  and  they  said.  All  that 
Jehovah  hath  spoken  will  we  do,  and  be  obedient.  8  And 
Moses  took  the  blood,  and  sprinkled  it  on  the  people,  and  said. 
Behold  the  blood  of  the  covenant,  which  Jehovah  hath  made 
with  you  concerning  all  these  words. 

26.  Moses  and  Joshua  Receive  the  Tables  of  Stone  on 

THE  Mount  of  God.    J34. 

Ex.    2412-15='-18b  3118* 

12  And  Jehovah  said  unto  Moses,  Come  up  to  me  into  the 
mount,  and  be  there:  and  I  will  give  thee  the  tables  of  stone, 
and  the  law  and  the  commandment,  which  I  have  written,  that 
thou  mayest  teach  them.  13  And  Moses  rose  up,  and  Joshua 
his  minister:  and  Moses  went  up  into  the  mount  of  God. 
14  And  he  said  unto  the  elders,  Tarry  ye  here  for  us,  until 
we  come  again  unto  you:  and,  behold,  Aaron  and  Hur  are 
with  you;  whosoever  hath  a  cause,  let  him  come  near  unto 
them.  15a  And  Moses  went  up  into  the  mount,  18b  and 
went  up  into  the  mount:  and  Moses  was  in  the  mount  forty 

2s  In  V.  3,  the  words  "and  .  .  .  ordinances"  are  regarded  as  R  by  Ho.,  Eerd.,  et  al. 
w.  4a  (to  "Jehovah"),  7  J:  St.  R:  Ba.,  Ho.,  Kent.  Smend,  et  al.  hold  that  this  passage 
originally  referred  back  to  the  Decalogue. 

=8  V.  15a  is  assigned  to  P  by  Ho.,  and  v.  18b,  to  P,  by  McN.  The  threefold  repetition 
of  the  fact  that  Moses  went  up  into  the  mount,  w.  13,  15a,  18b  is  striking,  and  may  perh. 
be  unintentional. 


...3212  ]  E24ivCC-27  167 

days  and  forty  nights.  SV^  And  he  gave  unto  Moses  .  .  .  , 
the  two  tables  of  the  testimony,  tables  of  stone,  written  with 
the  finger  of  God. 

27.  The  Golden  Calf.     E41.     Dt.  9^2.     IK.  1228. 

Ex.  321-35 

1  And  when  the  people  saw  that  Moses  delayed  to  come 
down  from  the  mount,  the  people  gathered  themselves  together 
unto  Aaron,  and  said  unto  him,  Up,  make  us  gods,  which  shall 
go  before  us;  for  as  for  this  Moses,  the  man  that  brought  us 
up  out  of  the  land  of  Egypt,  we  know  not  what  is  become  of 
him.  2  And  Aaron  said  unto  them.  Break  off  the  golden  rings, 
which  are  in  the  ears  of  your  wives,  of  your  sons,  and  of  your 
daughters,  and  bring  them  unto  me.  3  And  all  the  people 
brake  off  the  golden  rings  which  were  in  their  ears,  and  brought 
them  unto  Aaron.  4  And  he  received  it  at  their  hand,  and 
fashioned  it  with  a  graving  tool,  and  made  it  a  molten  calf: 
and  they  said.  These  are  thy  gods,  O  Israel,  which  brought 
thee  up  out  of  the  land  of  Egypt.  5  And  when  Aaron  saw 
this,  he  built  an  altar  before  it ;  and  Aaron  made  proclamation, 
and  said.  To-morrow  shall  be  a  feast  to  Jehovah.  6  And  they 
rose  up  early  on  the  morrow,  and  offered  burnt-offerings,  and 
brought  peace-offerings;  and  the  people  sat  down  to  eat  and 
to  drink,  and  rose  up  to  play. 

7  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  Go,  get  thee  dowTi;  for  thy  people, 
that  thou  broughtest  up  out  of  the  land  of  Egypt,  have  corrupted  them- 
selves: 8  they  have  turned  aside  quickly  out  of  the  way  which  I  com- 
manded them:  they  have  made  them  a  molten  calf,  and  have  worshipped 
it,  and  have  sacrificed  unto  it,  and  said,  These  are  thy  gods,  O  Israel, 
which  brought  thee  up  out  of  the  land  of  Egypt.  9  And  Jehovah  said 
unto  Moses,  I  have  seen  this  people,  and,  behold,  it  is  a  stiffnecked  peo- 
ple: 10  now  therefore  let  me  alone,  that  my  wrath  may  wax  hot  against 
them,  and  that  I  may  consume  them:  and  I  will  make  of  thee  a  great 
nation.  11  And  Moses  besought  Jehovah  his  God,  and  said,  Jehovah, 
why  doth  thy  wrath  wax  hot  against  thy  people,  that  thou  hast  brought 
forth  out  of  the  land  of  Egypt  with  great  power  and  with  a  mighty  hand? 
12  Wherefore  should  the  Egyptians  speak,  saying.  For  evil  did  he  bring 


"vv.  7-14  Rje:  We..  CH.,  Ho.,  GFM..  Co.  Rd:  Ku.,  Knobel,  St.,  Pr.,  McN.  R: 
Gr.,  Eerd.  The  revision  in  v.  15  is  Rp.  There  is  great  difference  with  reference  to  the 
analysis  of  the  chapter;  the  majority  agree  that  there  is  a  J  narrative,  embedded  in  the 
material ;  but  there  is  no  consensus  with  regard  to  the  division  of  sources,  save  that  all 
agree  on  a  fundamental  E  source  for  the  narrative.  Among  those  that  find  J  here  are: 
Di.,  Ba.,  Or.,  Smend,  McN.,  CII.,  Ki.,  Ho.,  Westphal.  The  last  three  agree  on  J:  vv.  1-3, 
5-6,  19-20,  35.     All  agree  that  vv.  21-35  are  much  worked  over. 

The  chapter  is  taken  by  many  to  presuppose  the  fall  of  the  northern  kingdom  and  the 
captivity,  esp.  v.  31  (cf.  E70,  Josh.  24-").  Hence  these  critics  assign  Ex.  32  to  E-,  writing 
after  721 ;  to  whom  K\.  20  would  also  be  assigned,  on  account  of  the  tables  of  the  law  in 
ch.  32.  Josh.  24  is  assigned  to  the  same  hand.  Smend  uses  these  consitierations  to  date 
E  entire  after  721.  Others  find  an  allusion  to  the  captivity  no  more  remarkable  in  E  in 
750  than  in  Amos  or  Hosea  at  the  same  time. 


168  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH     [  Ex.  32i2 

them  forth,  to  slay  them  in  the  mountains,  and  to  consmne  them  from  the 
face  of  the  earth?  Turn  from  thy  fierce  wrath,  and  repent  of  this  evil 
against  thy  people.  13  Remember  Abraham,  Isaac,  and  Israel,  thy  ser- 
vants, to  whom  thou  swarest  by  thine  own  self,  and  saidst  unto  them,  I 
will  multiply  yoiu"  seed  as  the  stars  of  heaven,  and  all  this  land  that  I  have 
spoken  of  will  I  give  unto  your  seed,  and  they  shall  inherit  it  for  ever. 
14  And  Jehovah  repented  of  the  evil  which  he  said  he  would  do  unto  his 
people. 

15  And  Moses  turned,  and  went  down  from  the  mount,  with 
the  two  tables  of  the  testimony  in  his  hand ;  tables  that  were  writ- 
ten on  both  their  sides;  on  the  one  side  and  on  the  other  were  they 
written.  16  And  the  tables  were  the  work  of  God,  and  the  Writing 
was  the  writing  of  God,  graven  upon  the  tables.  17  And  when 
Joshua  heard  the  noise  of  the  people  as  they  shouted,  he  said 
unto  Moses,  There  is  a  noise  of  war  in  the  camp.  18  And  he 
said,  It  is  not  the  voice  of  them  that  shout  for  mastery,  neither 
is  it  the  voice  of  them  that  cry  for  being  overcome;  but  the 
noise  of  them  that  sing  do  I  hear.  19  And  it  came  to  pass,  as 
soon  as  he  came  nigh  unto  the  camp,  that  he  saw  the  calf  and 
the  dancing:  and  Moses'  anger  waxed  hot,  and  he  cast  the 
tables  out  of  his  hands,  and  brake  them  beneath  the  mount. 
20  And  he  took  the  calf  which  they  had  made,  and  burnt  it 
with  fire,  and  ground  it  to  powder,  and  strewed  it  upon  the 
water,  and  made  the  children  of  Israel  drink  of  it. 

21  And  Moses  said  unto  Aaron,  What  did  this  people  unto 
thee,  that  thou  hast  brought  a  great  sin  upon  them?  22  And 
Aaron  said.  Let  not  the  anger  of  my  lord  wax  hot :  thou  know- 
est  the  people,  that  they  are  set  on  evil.  23  For  they  said  unto 
me.  Make  us  gods,  which  shall  go  before  us;  for  as  for  this 
Moses,  the  man  that  brought  us  up  out  of  the  land  of  Egypt, 
we  know  not  what  is  become  of  him.  24  And  I  said  unto 
them,  Whosoever  hath  any  gold,  let  them  break  it  off :  so  they 
gave  it  me ;  and  I  cast  it  into  the  fire,  and  there  came  out  this 
calf. 

25  And  when  Moses  saw  that  the  people  were  broken  loose 
(for  Aaron  had  let  them  loose  for  a  derision  among  their  ene- 
mies), 26  then  Moses  stood  in  the  gate  of  the  camp,  and  said, 
Whoso  is  on  Jehovah's  side,  let  him  come  unto  me.  And  all  the 
sons  of  Levi  gathered  themselves  together  unto  him.  27  And 
he  said  unto  them,  Thus  saith  Jehovah,  the  God  of  Israel,  Put 
ye  every  man  his  sword  upon  his  thigh,  and  go  to  and  fro  from 
gate  to  gate  throughout  the  camp,  and  slay  every  man  his 
brother,  and  every  man  his  companion,  and  every  man  his 
neighbor.  28  And  the  sons  of  Levi  did  according  to  the  word 
of  Moses:  and  there  fell  of  the  people  that  day  about  three 
thousand  men.     29  And   Moses  said,   Consecrate  yourselves 


...331"]  E27-29  169 

to-day  to  Jehovah,  yea,  every  man  against  his  son,  and  against 
his  brother;  that  he  may  bestow  upon  you  a  blessing  this  day. 
30  And  it  came  to  pass  on  the  morrow,  that  Moses  said  unto 
the  people,  Ye  have  sinned  a  great  sin:  and  now  I  will  go  up 
unto  Jehovah;  pcradventure  I  shall  make  atonement  for  your 
sin.  31  And  Moses  returned  unto  Jehovah,  and  said,  Oh,  this 
people  have  sinned  a  great  sin,  and  have  made  them  gods  of 
gold.  32  Yet  now,  if  thou  wilt  forgive  their  sin — ;  and  if  not, 
blot  me,  I  pray  thee,  out  of  thy  book  which  thou  hast  written. 
33  And  Jehovah  said  unto  Moses,  Whosoever  hath  sinned 
against  me,  him  will  I  blot  out  of  my  book.  34  And  now  go, 
lead  the  people  unto  the  place  of  which  I  have  spoken  unto  thee: 
behold,  mine  angel  shall  go  before  thee;  nevertheless  in  the  day  when 
I  visit,  I  will  visit  their  sin  upon  them.  35  And  Jehovah 
smote  the  people,  because  they  made  the  calf,  which  Aaron  made. 

28.  The  People  Commanded  to  Put  Off  Their  Ornaments. 
Ex.  33'"'" 

3b  For  I  will  not  go  up  in  the  midst  of  thee;  for  thou  art  a 
stiffnecked  people;  lest  I  consume  thee  in  the  way.  4  And 
when  the  people  heard  these  evil  tidings,  they  mourned:  and 
no  man  did  put  on  him  his  ornaments.  5  And  Jehovah  said  unto 
Moses,  Say  unto  the  children  of  Israel,  Ye  are  a  stiffnecked  peo- 
ple; if  I  go  up  into  the  midst  of  thee  for  one  moment,  I  shall  consume 
thee:  therefore  now  put  off  thy  ornaments  from  thee,  that  I  may 
know  what  to  do  unto  thee.  6  And  the  children  of  Israel 
stripped  themselves  of  their  ornaments  from  mount  Horeb  on- 
ward. 

29.  The  Tent  of  Meeting.    E32,  33,  50.    P32,  34. 
Ex.  337-11 

7  Now  Moses  used  to  take  the  tent  and  to  pitch  it  without 
the  camp,  afar  off  from  the  camp ;  and  he  called  it.  The  tent  of 
meeting.  And  it  came  to  pass,  that  every  one  that  sought  Je- 
hovah went  out  unto  the  tent  of  meeting,  which  was  without 
the  camp.  8  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  Moses  went  out  unto 
the  Tent,  that  all  the  people  rose  up,  and  stood,  every  man  at 
his  tent  door,  and  looked  after  Moses,  until  he  was  gone  into 
the  Tent.  9  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  Moses  entered  into  the 
Tent,  the  pillar  of  cloud  descended,  and  stood  at  the  door  of 
the  Tent:  and  Jehovah  spake  with  Moses.     10  And  all  the 

28  There  is  an  apparent  contradiction  in  this  section,  v.  4b  says  that  no  man  put  on 
his  ornaments;  while  5b  plainly  presupposes  that  they  did  have  them  on.  Dr.  calls  3b-l 
and  S-C  doublets;  CH.,  Co.?,  ana  Smend  assipn  3b-4  to  J.  The  redaction  in  v.  5  is  Rjc: 
Di.,  Dr.,  CH.,  Pr.,  Ho.,  McN. 

Since  W(-.  it  lias  been  generally  believed  that  E  originally  described  the  construction 
of  the  tent  of  meeting  after  v.  0. 

"  vv.  S-lla,  mostly  J:  Gr.,  Ki, 


170  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH     [  Ex.  331° 

people  saw  the  pillar  of  cloud  stand  at  the  door  of  the  Tent: 
and  all  the  people  rose  up  and  worshipped,  every  man  at  his 
tent  door.  11  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses  face  to  face,  as 
a  man  speaketh  unto  his  friend.  And  he  turned  again  into  the 
camp :  but  his  minister  Joshua,  the  son  of  Nun,  a  young  man, 
departed  not  out  of  the  Tent. 

30.  The  Ark.     P32. 
Nu.  10^^-^^"^^ 

33  And  they  set  forward  from  the  mount  of  Jehovah  three 
days'  journey ;  and  the  ark  of  the  covenant  of  Jehovah  went  before 
them  three  days'  journey,  to  seek  out  a  resting-place  for  them. 

35  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  the  ark  set  forward,  that  Moses 
said.  Rise  up,  0  Jehovah,  and  let  thine  enemies  be  scattered; 
and  let  them  that  hate  thee  flee  before  thee.  36  And  when  it 
rested,  he  said.  Return,  O  Jehovah,  unto  the  ten  thousands  of 
the  thousands  of  Israel. 

31.  The  Fire  of  Jehovah  at  Taberah. 
Nu.  1V-' 

1  And  the  people  were  as  murmurers,  speaking  evil  in  the 
ears  of  Jehovah:  and  when  Jehovah  heard  it,  his  anger  was 
kindled;  and  the  fire  of  Jehovah  burnt  among  them,  and  de- 
voured in  the  uttermost  part  of  the  camp.  2  And  the  people 
cried  unto  Moses;  and  Moses  prayed  unto  Jehovah,  and  the 
fire  abated.  3  And  the  name  of  that  place  was  called  Taberah, 
because  the  fire  of  Jehovah  burnt  among  them. 

32.  Moses's  Complaint:  Seventy  Elders  Appointed.    J32. 

E21,  29. 

Nu     1114.16-17.24b-30 

14  I  am  not  able  to  bear  all  this  people  alone,  because  it  is 
too  heavy  for  me. 

16  And  Jehovah  said  unto  Moses,  Gather  unto  me  seventy 
men  of  the  elders  of  Israel,  whom  thou  knowest  to  be  the 
elders  of  the  people,  and  officers  over  them;  and  bring  them 
unto  the  tent  of  meeting,  that  they  may  stand  there  with  thee. 
17  And  I  will  come  down  and  talk  with  thee  there :  and  I  will 
take  of  the  Spirit  which  is  upon  thee,  and  will  put  it  upon  them ; 
and  they  shall  bear  the  burden  of  the  people  with  thee,  that 
thou  bear  it  not  thyself  alone. 

24b  And  he  gathered  seventy  men  of  the  elders  of  the  peo- 
ple, and  set  them  round  about  the  Tent.     25  And  Jehovah 

3»E:  We.,  Ku.,  Ki.,  Di  ,  GFM.,  Ba.,  Se.,  Pr.,  Ho.,  Co.,  St.  Perh.  J  or  JE:  CH.,  Gr., 
Dr.,  Kent,  Gray.    Gloss  in  v.  33,  We.,  Ku.,  Ho.,  Ki.,  Gray. 

'2  V.  25b,  tr.  as  above:  Ba.,  Pr.,  Kent,  Gray.  But  Gr.,  Ho.,  following  Sam.,  Targ., 
Vulg.,  emend  and  tr.,  "and  could  not  stop." 


...Nu   1212]  E29-33  171 

came  down  in  the  cloud,  and  spake  unto  him,  and  took  of  the 
Spirit  that  was  upon  him,  and  put  it  upon  the  seventy  elders: 
and  it  came  to  pass,  that,  when  the  Spirit  rested  upon  them, 
they  prophesied,  but  they  did  so  no  more. 

26  But  there  remained  two  men  in  the  camp,  the  name  of 
the  one  was  Eldad,  and  the  name  of  the  other  Medad :  and  the 
Spirit  rested  upon  them;  and  they  were  of  them  that  were 
written,  but  had  not  gone  out  unto  the  Tent ;  and  they  proph- 
esied in  the  camp.  27  And  there  ran  a  young  man,  and  told 
Moses,  and  said,  Eldad  and  Medad  do  prophesy  in  the  camp. 
28  And  Joshua  the  son  of  Nun,  the  minister  of  Moses,  one  of 
his  chosen  men,  answered  and  said,  My  lord  Moses,  forbid 
them.  29  And  Moses  said  unto  him.  Art  thou  jealous  for  my 
sake?  would  that  all  Jehovah's  people  were  prophets,  that 
Jehovah  would  put  his  Spirit  upon  them!  30  And  Moses  gat 
him  into  the  camp,  he  and  the  elders  of  Israel. 

33.  The  Leprosy  of  Miriam.     E29. 

Nu.  121-15 

121  j^j^fi  Miriam  and  Aaron  spake  against  Moses  because  of 
the  Cushite  woman  whom  he  had  married ;  for  he  had  married  a 
Cushite  woman.  2  And  they  said,  Hath  Jehovah  indeed  spoken 
only  with  Moses?  hath  he  not  spoken  also  with  us?  And 
Jehovah  heard  it.  3  Now  the  man  Moses  was  very  meek, 
above  all  the  men  that  were  upon  the  face  of  the  earth. 

4  And  Jehovah  spake  suddenly  unto  Moses,  and  unto  Aaron, 
and  unto  Miriam,  Come  out  ye  three  unto  the  tent  of  meeting. 
And  they  three  came  out.  5  And  Jehovah  came  down  in  a 
pillar  of  cloud,  and  stood  at  the  door  of  the  Tent,  and  called 
Aaron  and  Miriam;  and  they  both  came  forth.  6  And  he  said. 
Hear  now  my  words :  if  there  be  a  prophet  among  you,  I  Jeho- 
vah will  make  myself  known  unto  him  in  a  vision,  I  will  speak 
with  him  in  a  dream.  7  My  servant  Moses  is  not  so;  he  is 
faithful  in  all  my  house:  8  with  him  will  I  speak  mouth  to 
mouth,  even  manifestly,  and  not  in  dark  speeches;  and  the 
form  of  Jehovah  shall  he  behold :  wherefore  then  were  3^e  not 
afraid  to  speak  against  my  servant,  against  Moses? 

9  And  the  anger  of  Jehovah  was  kindled  against  them;  and 
he  departed.  10  And  the  cloud  removed  from  over  the  Tent; 
and,  behold,  Miriam  was  leprous,  as  white  as  snow :  and  Aaron 
looked  upon  Miriam,  and,  behold,  she  w^as  leprous.  11  And 
Aaron  said  unto  Moses,  Oh,  my  lord,  lay  not,  I  pray  thee,  sin 
upon  us,  for  that  we  have  done  foolishly,  and  for  that  we  have 
sinned.  12  Let  hc"  not,  I  pray,  be  as  one  dead,  of  whom  the 
flesh  is  half  consumed  when  he  cometh  out  of  his  mother's 

"  In  V.  1,  Rp. 


172  SOURCES  OF   THE  HEXATEUCH    [  Nu.  I212 

womb.  13  And  Moses  cried  unto  Jehovah,  saying,  Heal  her, 
O  God,  I  beseech  thee.  14  And  Jehovah  said  unto  Moses,  If 
her  father  had  but  spit  in  her  face,  should  she  not  be  ashamed 
seven  days?  let  her  be  shut  up  without  the  camp  seven  days, 
and  after  that  she  shall  be  brought  in  again.  15  And  Miriam 
was  shut  up  without  the  camp  seven  days:  and  the  people 
journeyed  not  till  Miriam  was  brought  in  again. 

34.  The  Commission  and  Report  op  the  Spies.     J38,  40. 

P55,  57. 

Nu     1317c- 18. 20. 23-24. 26b.30-31. 32b. 33 

17c  And  go  up  into  the  hill-country:  18  and  see  the  land, 
what  it  is ;  and  the  people  that  dwell  therein,  whether  they  are 
strong  or  weak,  whether  they  are  few  or  many ;  20  and  what 
the  land  is,  whether  it  is  fat  or  lean,  whether  there  is  wood 
therein,  or  not.  And  be  ye  of  good  courage,  and  bring  of  the  fruit 
of  the  land.  Now  the  time  was  the  time  of  the  first-ripe  grapes. 

23  And  they  came  unto  the  valley  of  Eshcol,  and  cut  down  from 
thence  a  branch  with  one  cluster  of  grapes,  and  they  bare  it  upon 
a  staff  between  two ;  they  brought  also  of  the  pomegranates,  and 
of  the  figs.  24  That  place  was  called  the  valley  of  Eshcol,  because 
of  the  cluster  which  the  children  of  Israel  cut  down  from  thence. 

26b  ...  to  Kadesh ;  and  brought  back  word  unto  them,  and 
unto  all  the  congregation,  and  showed  them  the  fruit  of  the  land. 

30  And  Caleb  stilled  the  people  before  Moses,  and  said,  Let 
us  go  up  at  once,  and  possess  it;  for  we  are  well  able  to  over- 
come it.  31  But  the  men  that  went  up  with  him  said.  We  are 
not  able  to  go  up  against  the  people;  for  they  are  stronger 
than  we,  32b  and  all  the  people  that  we  saw  in  it  are  men  of 
great  stature.  33  And  there  we  saw  the  Nephilim,  the  sons  of 
Anak,  who  come  of  the  Nephihm :  and  we  were  in  our  own  sight  as 
grasshoppers,  and  so  we  were  in  their  sight. 

35.  The  Fear  of  the  People.     J39.     E34.     P56. 

Nu.  141b-4 

lb  .  .  .  And  cried  .  .  .  ,  4  and  they  said  one  to  another, 
Let  us  make  a  captain,  and  let  us  return  into  Egypt. 

36.  Jehovah's  Rebuke  of  the  People.    J41.    P58. 

Nu.  1422-24.25 

22  Because  all  those  men  that  have  seen  my  glory,  and  my 
signs,  which  I  wrought  in  Egypt  and  in  the  wilderness,  yet 

3'  Some  (e.  g.,  Gr.,  Gray,  Smend)  find  traces  of  J  in  18,  and  30-31.  v.  26b  is  edited 
by  Rp:  Ba.,  Pr.,  Ba.,  et  al.  The  gloss  in  v.  33  (either  Rd  or  Rje)  aims  to  identify  the 
Nephilim  of  E  with  the  sons  of  Anak  of  J. — vv.  32b-33,  cf.  <*        29-i«. 

35  V.  lb  perh.  J  or  JE:  Ba.,  St.,  Gray.— v.  4  E:  Ku.,  lia.,  GFM.,  CH.,  Gr.,  Kent. 
JE:   Dr.,  We.,  Ka.,  Gray.     J:  Co.,  Ba.,  St.? 

36  E:  most  critics.  But  Rje:  CH.,  GFM.,  Gr.  E2:  Ku.  Smend  assigns  to  E  only 
w.  24-25b.    25a  is  a  gloss:   Ka.,  Ba.,  Kent,  Gr.,  apparently  contradicting  E37,  v.  45. 


...162]  E33-38  173 

have  tempted  me  these  ten  times,  and  have  not  hearkened  to 
my  voice;  23  surely  they  shall  not  see  the  land  which  I  sware 
unto  their  fathers,  neither  shall  any  of  them  that  despised  me 
see  it:  24  but  my  servant  Caleb,  because  he  had  another 
spirit  with  him,  and  hath  followed  me  fully,  him  will  I  bring 
into  the  land  whereinto  he  went ;  and  his  seed  shall  possess  it. 

25  Now  tho  Ainalekite  and  the  Canaanite  dwell  in  the  valley:  to- 
morrow turn  ye,  and  get  you  into  the  wilderness  by  the  way  to 
the  Red  Sea. 

37.  The  People  Disobey  Jehovah  and  Are  Defeated  by 

THE  Amalekites.     E19. 

Nu.  14^'-'-«5 

39  And  Moses  told  these  words  unto  all  the  children  of 
Israel :  and  the  people  mourned  greatly.  40  And  they  rose  up 
early  in  the  morning,  and  gat  them  up  to  the  top  of  the  moun- 
tain, saying,  Lo,  we  are  here,  and  will  go  up  unto  the  place 
which  Jehovah  hath  promised:  for  we  have  sinned.  41  And 
Moses  said.  Wherefore  now  do  ye  transgress  the  commandment 
of  Jehovah,  seeing  it  shall  not  prosper?  42  Go  not  up,  for 
Jehovah  is  not  among  you ;  that  ye  be  not  smitten  down  before 
your  enemies.  43  For  there  the  Amalekite  and  the  Canaanite 
are  before  you,  and  ye  shall  fall  by  the  sword:  because  ye  are 
turned  back  from  following  Jehovah,  therefore  Jehovah  will  not 
be  with  you.  44  But  they  presumed  to  go  up  to  the  top  of  the 
mountain:  nevertheless  the  ark  of  the  covenant  of  Jehovah,  and 
Moses,  departed  not  out  of  the  camp.  45  Then  the  Amalekite 
came  down,  and  the  Canaanite  who  dwelt  in  that  mountain, 
and  smote  them  and  beat  them  down,  even  unto  Hormah. 

38.  Destruction  of  Dathan  and  Abiram.     E48.     P62. 

Introductory  Note. — It  is  agreed  that  this  narrative  is  to 
be  distinguished  from  the  Korah  story  of  P62  (cf.  Dt.  IP, 
Ps.  106'^"'^,  where  Nu.  16''-  is  referred  to,  but  Korah  is  not 
mentioned) ;  and  that  the  Dathan  and  Abiram  story  is  itself 
composite  JE.  The  detailed  separation  has  not  been  made 
with  any  success.  In  general,  according  to  We.,  Co.,  Smend, 
J  predominates.  The  majority  (Ku.,  CH.,  Di.,  Ba.,  Schrader, 
GFM.,  et  al.)  hold  that  E  predominates.  In  particular,  vv.  32a, 
33b-34  are  E:  Co.,  Pr.,  CH.,  Ba. 

lb  Dathan  and  Abiram,  the  sons  of  Eliab,  and  On,  the  son 
of  Peleth,  sons  of  Reuben,  took  men.  2a  And  they  rose  up 
before  Moses. 


"  Perh.  traces  of  J,  "but  data  seem  insufficient  for  detailed  analysis,"  Gray.    J^,  entire: 
Smend. 


174  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH    [  Nu.  16^2 

12  And  Moses  sent  to  call  Dathan  and  Abiram,  the  sons  of 
Eliab;  and  they  said,  We  will  not  come  up:  13  is  it  a  small 
thing  that  thou  hast  brought  us  up  out  of  a  land  flowing  with 
milk  and  honey,  to  kill  us  in  the  wilderness,  but  thou  must 
needs  make  thyself  also  a  prince  over  us?  14  Moreover  thou 
hast  not  brought  us  into  a  land  flowing  with  milk  and  honey, 
nor  given  us  inheritance  of  fields  and  vineyards :  wilt  thou  put 
out  the  eyes  of  these  men?  we  will  not  come  up. 

15  And  Moses  was  very  wroth,  and  said  unto  Jehovah, 
Respect  not  thou  their  offering:  I  have  not  taken  one  ass 
from  them,  neither  have  I  hurt  one  of  them.  25  And  Moses 
rose  up  and  went  unto  Dathan  and  Abiram;  and  the  elders  of 
Israel  followed  him.  26  And  he  spake  unto  the  congregation, 
saying,  Depart,  I  pray  you,  from  the  tents  of  these  wicked  men, 
and  touch  nothing  of  theirs,  lest  ye  be  consumed  in  all  their  sins. 

27b  And  Dathan  and  Abiram  came  out,  and  stood  at  the 
door  of  their  tents,  and  their  wives,  and  their  sons,  and  their 
little  ones. 

28  And  Moses  said,  Hereby  ye  shall  know  that  Jehovah  hath 
sent  me  to  do  all  these  works ;  for  /  have  not  done  them  of  mine 
own  mind.  29  If  these  men  die  the  common  death  of  all  men, 
or  if  they  be  visited  after  the  visitation  of  all  men ;  then  Jeho- 
vah hath  not  sent  me.  30  But  if  Jehovah  make  a  new  thing, 
and  the  ground  open  its  mouth,  and  swallow  them  up,  with  all 
that  appertain  unto  them,  and  they  go  down  alive  into  Sheol ; 
then  ye  shall  understand  that  these  men  have  despised  Jehovah. 

31  And  it  came  to  pass,  as  he  made  an  end  of  speaking  all 
these  words,  that  the  ground  clave  asunder  that  was  under 
them;  32a  and  the  earth  opened  its  mouth,  and  swallowed 
them  up,  and  their  households.  33  So  they,  and  all  that  ap- 
pertained to  them,  went  down  alive  into  Sheol:  and  the  earth 
closed  upon  them,  and  they  perished  from  among  the  assembly. 

34  And  all  Israel  that  were  round  about  them  fled  at  the 
cry  of  them ;  for  they  said.  Lest  the  earth  swallow  us  up. 

39.  Death  of  Miriam  in  Kadesh.     J37. 
Nu.  201b 

lb  And  the  people  abode  in  Kadesh ;  and  Miriam  died  there, 
and  was  buried  there. 

40.  Edom  Refuses  Passage  to  Israel. 
Nu.  2014-21 

14  And  Moses  sent  messengers  from  Kadesh  unto  the  king 
of  Edom,  Thus  saith  thy  brother  Israel,  Thou  knowest  all  the 

"We.  alone  assigns  to  J.  Some  others  find  traces  of  J:  CH.,  Pr.,  Gray,  Gr.,  Ho., 
Smend.    Most  assign  it  to  E. 


...2P  ]  E38-41  175 

travail  that  hath  befallen  us:  15  how  our  fathers  went  down 
into  Egypt,  and  we  dwelt  in  Egypt  a  long  time;  and  the 
Egyptians  (lealt  ill  with  us,  and  our  fathers:  16  and  when  we 
cried  unto  Jehovah,  he  heard  our  voice,  and  sent  an  angel,  and 
brought  us  forth  out  of  Egypt :  and,  behold,  we  are  in  Kadesh, 
a  city  in  the  uttermost  of  thy  border.  17  Let  us  pass,  I  pray 
thee,  through  thy  land:  we  will  not  pass  through  field  or 
through  vineyard,  neither  will  we  drink  of  the  water  of  the 
wells;  we  will  go  along  the  king's  highway;  we  will  not  turn 
aside  to  the  right  hand  nor  to  the  left,  until  we  have  passed 
thy  border.  18  And  Edom  said  unto  him.  Thou  shalt  not 
pass  through  me,  lest  I  come  out  with  the  sword  against  thee. 
19  And  the  chiklren  of  Israel  said  unto  him,  We  will  go  up  by 
the  higliway;  and  if  we  drink  of  thy  water,  I  and  my  cattle, 
then  will  1  give  the  price  thereof:  let  me  only,  without  doing 
anything  e/.se,  pass  through  on  my  feet.  20  And  he  said.  Thou 
shalt  not  pass  through.  And  Edom  came  out  against  him  with 
much  people,  and  with  a  strong  hand.  21  Thus  Edom  refused 
to  give  Israel  passage  through  his  border:  wherefore  Israel 
turned  away  from  him. 

41.  The  Serpent  of  Brass.     E27.     2K.  18^ 

Nu.  2V^-^ 

4b  ,  .  .  by  the  way  to  the  Red  Sea,  to  compass  the  land  of 
Edom:  and  the  soul  of  the  people  was  much  discouraged  be- 
cause of  the  way.  5  And  the  people  spake  against  God,  and 
against  Moses,  Wherefore  have  ye  brought  us  up  out  of  Egypt 
to  die  in  the  wilderness?  for  there  is  no  bread,  and  there  is  no 
water;  and  our  soul  loatheth  this  light  bread.  6  And  Jehovah 
sent  fiery  serpents  among  the  people,  and  they  bit  the  people; 
and  much  people  of  Israel  died.  7  And  the  people  came  to 
Moses,  and  said,  We  have  sinned,  because  we  have  spoken 
against  Jehovah,  and  against  thee;  pray  unto  Jehovah,  that 
he  take  away  the  serpents  from  us.  And  Moses  prayed  for 
the  people.  8  And  Jehovah  said  unto  Moses,  Make  thee  a 
fiery  serpent,  and  set  it  upon  a  standard :  and  it  shall  come 
to  pass,  that  every  one  that  is  bitten,  when  he  seeth  it,  shall 
live.  9  And  Moses  made  a  serpent  of  brass,  and  set  it 
upon  the  standard :  and  it  came  to  pass,  that  if  a  serpent  had 
bitten  any  man,  when  he  looked  unto  the  serpent  of  brass,  he 
Hved. 


"  Smcnd  finds  here  evidence  of  the  Judsean  origin  of  E.  E  is  friendly  to  the  serpent 
of  brass  in  tho  temple  at  Jerusalem,  nsscrting  its  Mosaic  and  nonidolatrous  oriRin;  and 
at  the  same  time  is  hostile  to  the  idolatrous  "Kolden  calves"  of  Jeroboam  I  in  Ex.  32.  In 
reply  to  Smend  it  may  be  pointed  out  that  E  was  a  prophet,  and  that  he  was  not  neces- 
sarily bound  by  a  narrow,  natiouaUstic  outlook. 


176  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH    [Nu.  2112 

42.  Journey  from  the  Arnon  to  Pisgah  :  Ancient  Songs. 
Nu.  2112-20 

12  From  thence  they  journeyed,  and  encamped  in  the  valley 
of  Zered.  13  From  thence  they  journeyed,  and  encamped  on 
the  other  side  of  the  Arnon,  which  is  in  the  wilderness,  that 
Cometh  out  of  the  border  of  the  Amorites :  for  the  Arnon  is  the 
border  of  Moab,  between  Moab  and  the  Amorites.  14  Where- 
fore it  is  said  in  the  book  of  the  Wars  of  Jehovah, 

Vaheb  in  Suphah, 

And  the  valleys  of  the  Arnon, 

15  And  the  slope  of  the  valleys 

That  inclineth  toward  the  dwelling  of  Ar, 
And  leaneth  upon  the  border  of  Moab. 

16  And  from  thence  they  journeyed  to  Beer :  that  is  the  well 
whereof  Jehovah  said  unto  Moses,  Gather  the  people  together, 
and  I  will  give  them  water. 

17  Then  sang  Israel  this  song: 

Spring  up,  O  well ;  sing  ye  unto  it : 
18  The  well,  which  the  princes  digged. 

Which  the  nobles  of  the  people  delved. 

With  the  sceptre,  and  with  their  staves. 
And  from  the  wilderness  they  journeyed  to  Mattanah ;    19  and 
from  Mattanah  to  Nahaliel;  and  from  Nahaliel  to  Bamoth; 
20  and  from  Bamoth  to  the  valley  that  is  in  the  field  of  Moab, 
to  the  top  of  Pisgah,  which  looketh  down  upon  the  desert. 

43.  SiHON,  King  of  Heshbon,  Defeated:  a  Song  "of  Them 

THAT  Speak  in  Proverbs."    Jg.  IP^-^^. 

Nu.  2Pi-32 

Introductory  Note. — The  song,  vv.  27-30,  is  generally  be- 
lieved to  come  from  the  ninth  century,  and  originally  to  reflect 
Omri's  victories  over  Moab.  We.,  Stade,  Meyer,  Co.,  Pr., 
Smend,  et  al.  view  it  as  a  later  insertion  in  E.  The  context  is 
regarded  as  E  chiefly  on  account  of  the  Amorites.  "No  one  can 
translate"  v.  30  (Ki.). 

21  And  Israel  sent  messengers  unto  Sihon  king  of  the  Am- 
orites, saying,  22  Let  me  pass  through  thy  land:  we  will  not 
turn  aside  into  field,  or  into  vineyard ;  we  will  not  drink  of  the 
water  of  the  wells :  we  will  go  by  the  king's  highway,  until  we 
have  passed  thy  border.  23  And  Sihon  would  not  suffer  Israel 
to  pass  through  his  border;  but  Sihon  gathered  all  his  people 
together,  and  went  out  against  Israel  into  the  wilderness,  and 

"w.  16-20  perh.  J:  Ba.,  CH.,  Kent. — The  journey  here  recorded  began  originally 
with  Kadesh  (Smend). 

"  vv.  24b-25  seem  not  to  belong  to  E  (Gray) ;  they  may  be  Rje  or  perh.  J:  CH.,  Ba., 
GFM.?,  Pr.,  Ba.?,  Gr.?,  Smend  (who  leaves  only  parts  of  21,  23,  27-30  in  E). 


...223  ]  E42-45  177 

came  to  Jahaz;  and  he  fought  against  Israel.  24  And  Israel 
smote  him  with  the  edge  of  the  sword,  and  possessed  his  land 
from  the  Arnon  unto  the  Jabbok,  even  unto  the  children  of 
Ammon ;  for  the  border  of  the  children  of  Ammon  was  strong.  25  And 
Israel  took  all  these  cities:  and  Israel  dwelt  in  all  the  cities  of  the  Amor- 
ites,  in  Heshbon,  and  in  all  the  towns  thereof.  26  For  Heshbon  was  the 
city  of  Sihon  the  king  of  the  Amorites,  who  had  fought  against  the  former 
king  of  Moab,  and  taken  all  his  land  out  of  his  hand,  even  unto  the  Arnon. 

27  Wherefore  they  that  speak  in  proverbs  say, 
Come  ye  to  Heshbon ; 

Let  the  city  of  Sihon  be  built  and  established: 

28  For  a  fire  is  gone  out  of  Heshbon, 
A  flame  from  the  city  of  Sihon : 
It  hath  devoured  Ar  of  Moab, 

The  lords  of  the  high  places  of  the  Arnon. 

29  Woe  to  thee,  Moab! 

Thou  art  undone,  O  people  of  Chemosh : 
He  hath  given  his  sons  as  fugitives, 
And  his  daughters  into  captivity, 
Unto  Sihon  king  of  the  Amorites. 

30  We  have  shot  at  them ;  Heshbon  is  perished  even  unto  Dibon, 
And  we  have  laid  waste  even  unto  Nophah, 

Which  reacheth  unto  Medeba. 

31  Thus  Israel  dwelt  in  the  land  of  the  Amorites.  32  And 
Moses  sent  to  spy  out  Jazer ;  and  they  took  the  towns  thereof, 
and  drove  out  the  Amorites  that  were  there. 

44.  (Rd)  Og,  King  of  Bashan,  Defeated.    From  Dt.  3'  ^ 
Nu.  2p3-35 

33  And  they  turned  and  went  up  by  the  way  of  Bashan:  and  Og  the 
king  of  Bashan  went  out  against  them,  he  and  all  his  people,  to  battle  at 
Edrei.  34  And  Jehovah  said  unto  Moses,  Fear  him  not:  for  I  have  de- 
livered him  into  thj'  hand,  and  all  his  people,  and  his  land;  and  thou 
shalt  do  to  him  as  thou  didst  unto  Sihon  king  of  the  Amorites,  who  dwelt 
at  Heshbon.  35  So  they  smote  him,  and  his  sons  and  all  his  people,  until 
there  was  none  left  him  remaining:  and  they  possessed  his  land. 

45.  The  Story  of  Balaam.     J44.     Dt.  23^-5. 

Nu  22-"'*-^*-^"'°-^^'^^-^^'^^'^^'3^'^°'^^ 

2  And  Balak  the  son  of  Zippor  saw  all  that  Israel  had  done 
to  the  Amorites.  3  And  Moab  was  sore  afraid  of  the  people, 
because  they  were  many :  and  Moab  was  distressed  because  of 
the  children  of  Israel. 


"  The  tendency  to  interpolate  passages  from  Dt.  in  Nu.,  strong  in  LXX,  here  affects 
MT. 

"V.  5,  Pethor:  in  Syria,  cf.  E46,  Nu.  23',  Dt.  23<  (GFM.).  The  parallel  in  J44  locates 
his  home  in  .XniniDn  (emended  text),  v.  21  (and  .  .  .  ass)  J:  Di.,  Ho.,  Pr.,  Ba.  Smend 
liuds  J  iu  vv.  13-10. 


178  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH     [  Nu.  22* 

4  And  Moab  said  unto  the  elders  of  Midian,  Now  will  this 
multitude  lick  up  all  that  is  round  about  us,  as  the  ox  licketh 
up  the  grass  of  the  field.  And  Balak  the  son  of  Zippor  was 
king  of  Moab  at  that  time, 

5  ...  To  Pethor,  which  is  by  the  River  ...  8  And  he 
said  unto  them,  Lodge  here  this  night,  and  I  will  bring  you 
word  again,  as  Jehovah  shall  speak  unto  me:  and  the  princes 
of  Moab  abode  with  Balaam. 

9  And  God  came  unto  Balaam,  and  said.  What  men  are 
these  with  thee?  10  And  Balaam  said  unto  God,  Balak  the 
son  of  Zippor,  king  of  Moab,  hath  sent  unto  me,  saying,  .  .  . 

12  And  God  said  unto  Balaam,  Thou  shalt  not  go  with  them ; 
thou  shalt  not  curse  the  people ;  for  they  are  blessed. 

13  And  Balaam  rose  up  in  the  morning,  and  said  unto  the 
princes  of  Balak,  Get  you  into  your  land ;  for  Jehovah  ref useth 
to  give  me  leave  to  go  with  you.  14  And  the  princes  of  Moab 
rose  up,  and  they  went  unto  Balak,  and  said,  Balaam  refuseth 
to  come  with  us. 

15  And  Balak  sent  yet  again  princes,  more,  and  more  hon- 
orable than  they.  16  And  they  came  to  Balaam,  and  said  to 
him,  Thus  saith  Balak,  the  son  of  Zippor,  Let  nothing,  I  pray 
thee,  hinder  thee  from  coming  unto  me. 

19  Now  therefore,  I  pray  you,  tarry  ye  also  here  this  night, 
that  I  may  know  what  Jehovah  will  speak  unto  me  more. 

20  And  God  came  unto  Balaam  at  night,  and  said  unto  him, 
If  the  men  are  come  to  call  thee,  rise  up,  go  with  them;  but 
only  the  word  which  I  speak  unto  thee,  that  shalt  thou  do. 

21  And  Balaam  rose  up  in  the  morning,  and  saddled  his  ass, 
and  went  with  the  princes  of  Moab. 

36  And  when  Balak  heard  that  Balaam  was  come,  he  went 
out  to  meet  him  unto  the  City  of  Moab,  which  is  on  the  border 
of  the  Arnon,  which  is  in  the  utmost  part  of  the  border.  38  And 
Balaam  said  unto  Balak,  Lo,  I  am  come  unto  thee :  have  I  now 
any  power  at  all  to  speak  anything?  the  word  that  God  putteth 
in  my  mouth,  that  shall  I  speak. 

40  And  Balak  sacrificed  oxen  and  sheep,  and  sent  to  Balaam, 
and  to  the  princes  that  were  with  him.  41  And  it  came  to 
pass  in  the  morning,  that  Balak  took  Balaam,  and  brought 
him  up  into  the  high  places  of  Baal;  and  he  saw  from  thence 
the  utmost  part  of  the  people. 

46.  The  Parables  of  Balaam.     J45. 

Nu.  23 1-=^" 

1  And  Balaam  said  unto  Balak,  Build  me  here  seven  altars, 

«  The  section  is  generally  regarded  as  E.  JE:  Ho.,  Pr.  w.  27-30:  Rje.  Se.  interprets 
the  parables  eschatologically,  of.  w.  9,  10,  21 ;  Co.,  however,  finds  these  w.  "specifically 
theocratic." 


...2318]  E45-46  179 

and  prepare  me  here  seven  bullocks  and  seven  rams.  2  And 
Balak  did  as  Balaam  had  spoken;  and  Balak  and  Balaam  of- 
fered on  every  altar  a  bullock  and  a  ram.  3  And  Balaam  said 
unto  Balak,  Stand  by  thy  burnt-offering,  and  I  will  go :  perad- 
venture  Jehovah  will  come  to  meet  me;  and  whatsoever  he 
showeth  me  I  will  tell  thee.  And  he  went  to  a  bare  height. 
4  And  God  met  Balaam:  and  he  said  unto  him,  I  have  pre- 
pared the  seven  altars,  and  I  have  offered  up  a  bullock  and  a 
ram  on  every  altar.  5  And  Jehovah  put  a  word  in  Balaam's 
mouth,  and  said.  Return  unto  Balak,  and  thus  thou  shalt 
speak.  6  And  he  returned  unto  him,  and,  lo,  he  was  standing 
by  his  burnt-offering,  he,  and  all  the  princes  of  Moab.  7  And 
he  took  up  his  parable,  and  said, 

From  Aram  hath  Balak  brought  me. 

The  king  of  Moab  from  the  mountains  of  the  East : 

Come,  curse  me  Jacob, 

And  come,  defy  Israel. 

8  How  shall  I  curse,  whom  God  hath  not  cursed? 

And  how  shall  I  defy,  whom  Jehovah  hath  not  defied? 

9  For  from  the  top  of  the  rocks  I  see  him. 
And  from  the  hills  I  behold  him: 

Lo,  it  is  a  people  that  dwelleth  alone. 

And  shall  not  be  reckoned  among  the  nations. 

10  Who  can  count  the  dust  of  Jacob, 
Or  number  the  fourth  part  of  Israel? 
Let  me  die  the  death  of  the  righteous. 
And  let  my  last  end  be  like  his ! 

11  And  Balak  said  unto  Balaam,  What  hast  thou  done  unto 
me?  I  took  thee  to  curse  mine  enemies,  and,  behold,  thou 
hast  blessed  them  altogether.  12  And  he  answered  and  said. 
Must  I  not  take  heed  to  speak  that  which  Jehovah  putteth  in 
my  mouth? 

13  And  Balak  said  unto  him.  Come,  I  pray  thee,  with  me 
unto  another  place,  from  whence  thou  mayest  see  them;  thou 
shalt  see  but  the  utmost  part  of  them,  and  shalt  not  see  them 
all :  and  curse  me  them  from  thence.  14  And  he  took  him 
into  the  field  of  Zophim,  to  the  top  of  Pisgah,  and  built  seven 
altars,  and  offered  up  a  bullock  and  a  ram  on  every  altar. 
15  Anil  he  said  unto  Balak,  Stand  here  by  thy  burnt-offer- 
ing, while  I  meet  Jehovah  yonder.  16  And  Jehovah  met  Ba- 
laam, and  put  a  word  in  his  mouth,  and  said,  Return  unto 
Balak,  and  thus  shalt  thou  speak.  17  And  he  came  to  him, 
and,  lo,  he  was  standing  by  his  burnt-offering,  and  the 
princes  of  Moab  with  him.  And  Balak  said  unto  him.  What 
hath  Jehovah  spoken?  18  And  he  took  up  his  parable,  and 
said, 


180  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH    [  Nu.  231^ 

Rise  up,  Balak,  and  hear; 

Hearken  unto  me,  thou  son  of  Zippor: 

19  God  is  not  a  man,  that  he  should  He, 
Neither  the  son  of  man,  that  he  should  repent : 
Hath  he  said,  and  will  he  not  do  it? 

Or  hath  he  spoken,  and  will  he  not  make  it  good? 

20  Behold,  I  have  received  commandment  to  bless: 
And  he  hath  blessed,  and  I  cannot  reverse  it. 

21  He  hath  not  beheld  iniquity  in  Jacob ; 
Neither  hath  he  seen  perverseness  in  Israel: 
Jehovah  his  God  is  with  him, 

And  the  shout  of  a  king  is  among  them. 

22  God  bringeth  them  forth  out  of  Egypt; 

He  hath  as  it  were  the  strength  of  the  wild-ox. 

23  Surely  there  is  no  enchantment  with  Jacob; 
Neither  is  there  any  divination  with  Israel : 
Now  shall  it  be  said  of  Jacob  and  of  Israel, 

What  hath  God  wrought! 

24  Behold,  the  people  riseth  up  as  a  lioness, 
And  as  a  lion  doth  he  lift  himself  up : 

He  shall  not  lie  down  until  he  eat  of  the  prey, 
And  drink  the  blood  of  the  slain. 

25  And  Balak  said  unto  Balaam,  Neither  curse  them  at  all,  nor 
bless  them  at  all.  26  But  Balaam  answered  and  said  unto  Balak, 
Told  not  I  thee,  saying.  All  that  Jehovah  speaketh,thatlmust  do? 

27  And  Balak  said  unto  Balaam,  Come  now,  I  will  take  thee  unto 
another  place;  perad  venture  it  will  please  God  that  thou  may  est  curse 
me  them  from  thence.  28  And  Balak  took  Balaam  unto  the  top  of  Peor, 
that  looketh  down  upon  the  desert.  29  And  Balaam  said  unto  Balak, 
Build  me  here  seven  altars,  and  prepare  me  here  seven  bullocks  and  seven 
rams.  30  And  Balak  did  as  Balaam  had  said,  and  offered  up  a  bullock 
and  a  ram  on  every  altar. 

47.  Idolatry:  Baal-peor.     J44.     Ho.  9^". 
Nu.  25i''-3-5 

la  And  Israel  abode  in  Shittim.  3  And  Israel  joined  himself 
unto  Baal-peor :  and  the  anger  of  Jehovah  was  kindled  against 
Israel.  5  And  Moses  said  unto  the  judges  of  Israel,  Slay  ye 
every  one  his  men  that  have  joined  themselves  unto  Baal-peor. 

48.  Journey  from  Beeroth  Bene-jaakan  to  Jotbathah: 

Death  of  Aaron.     E38,  73. 
Dt.  10«-7 
6  And  the  children  of  Israel  journeyed  from  Beeroth  Bene- 

_  "  Smend  attributes  this  to  J'  (our  J46  is  J 2),  largely  on  the  ground  that  E  traces  the 
origin  of  idolatry  to  earlier  times — either  at  Horeb  (Ex.  32)  or  in  Mesopotamia  (Josh. 

242. 14.15). 

«8  Originally  after  Nu.  21»  E41,  Smend. 


...Dt.  31"]  E46-51  181 

jaakan  to  Moserah.    There  Aaron  died,  and  there  he  was  buried ; 

and  Eleazar  his  son  ministered  in  the  priest's  office  in  his  stead. 
7  From  thence  they  journeyed  unto  Gudgodah;  and  from 
Gudgodah  to  Jotbathah,  a  land  of  brooks  of  water. 

49.  The  Law  of  the  Altar.     E24i. 
Dt.  27^-^'' 

5  And  there  thou  shalt  build  an  altar  unto  Jehovah  thy 
God,  an  altar  of  stones :  thou  shalt  lift  up  no  iron  tool  upon 
them.  6  Thou  shalt  build  the  altar  of  Jehovah  thy  God  of 
unhewn  stones;  and  thou  shalt  offer  burnt-offerings  thereon 
unto  Jehovah  thy  God:  7a  and  thou  shalt  sacrifice  peace- 
offerings,  and  shalt  eat  there. 

50.  Jehovah  Appears  to  Moses  and  Joshua  in  the  Tent 

OF  Meeting:  Joshua's  Charge.     E29, 

Dt.  31'4-is-23 

14  And  Jehovah  said  unto  Moses,  Behold,  thy  days  ap- 
proach that  thou  must  die:  call  Joshua,  and  present  your- 
selves in  the  tent  of  meeting,  that  I  may  give  him  a  charge. 
And  Moses  and  Joshua  went,  and  presented  themselves  in  the 
tent  of  meeting.  15  And  Jehovah  appeared  in  the  Tent  in  a 
pillar  of  cloud:  and  the  pillar  of  cloud  stood  over  the  door  of 
the  Tent.  23  And  he  gave  Joshua  the  son  of  Nun  a  charge, 
and  said,  Be  strong  and  of  good  courage ;  for  thou  shalt  bring 
the  children  of  Israel  into  the  land  which  I  sware  unto  them: 
and  I  will  be  with  thee. 

51.  The  Blessing  of  Moses.    J19.     P13,  84. 

Dt.  33'-2'^ 

Introductory  Note. — Since  Graf  critics  have  been  practi- 
cally unanimous  in  assigning  this  blessing  to  E,  and  dating  it 
in  the  reign  of  Jeroboam  II.  Ba.  alone  assigns  it  to  J.  Gr. 
dates  it  "in  the  relatively  quiet  and  peaceful  epoch  which  pre- 
ceded the  storm  pictured  in  the  song  of  Deborah"  (so  also  in 
general,  Konig,  Se.,  Ki.).  Di.,  Dr.,  Westphal  place  it  in  the 
reign  of  Jeroboam  I.  All  recognize  that  Dt.  33  is  younger  than 
the  blessing  of  Jacob  J 19:  Gn.  49. 

Significant  items  for  the  dating  are  (Eiselen  263ff.) :  the  dis- 
appearance of  Simeon,  Reuben  on  the  decline,  Judah  separated 
from  his  brethren,  Levi  the  priestly  tribe,  house  of  Jehovah  in 
land  of  Benjamin,  and  Joseph  the  most  prominent  among  the 
tribes. 


"  vv.  2-5,  26-29  are  a  later  framework  for  the  ancient  blossinK;  it  is  probably  the  work 
of  an  Rd,  and  may  be  postexilic:  CH.,  Marti,  St.,  Co.,  Gr.,  K4. 


182  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH      [  Dt.  33^ 

1  And  this  is  the  blessing,  wherewith  Moses  the  man  of  God 
blessed  the  children  of  Israel  before  his  death.     2  And  he  said, 
Jehovah  came  from  Sinai, 
And  rose  from  Seir  unto  them; 
He  shined  forth  from  mount  Par  an, 
And  he  came  from  the  ten  thousands  of  holy  ones: 
At  his  right  hand  was  a  fiery  law  for  them. 

3  Yea,  he  loveth  the  people; 

All  his  saints  are  in  thy  hand: 
And  they  sat  down  at  thy  feet; 
Every  one  shall  receive  of  thy  words. 

4  Moses  commanded  us  a  law, 

An  inheritance  for  the  assembly  of  Jacob. 

5  And  he  was  king  in  Jeshurun, 

When  the  heads  of  the  people  were  gathered, 
All  the  tribes  of  Israel  together. 

6  Let  Reuben  live,  and  not  die; 
Nor  let  his  men  be  few. 

7  And  this  is  the  blessing  of  Judah :  and  he  said, 
Hear,  Jehovah,  the  voice  of  Judah, 

And  bring  him  in  unto  his  people. 

With  his  hands  he  contended  for  himself; 

And  thou  shalt  be  a  help  against  his  adversaries. 

8  And  of  Levi  he  said, 

Thy  Thummim  and  thy  Urim  are  with  thy  godly  one, 

Whom  thou  didst  prove  at  Massah, 

With  whom  thou  didst  strive  at  the  waters  of  Meribah ; 

9  Who  said  of  his  father,  and  of  his  mother,  I  have  not  seen 

him; 
Neither  did  he  acknowledge  his  brethren, 
Nor  knew  he  his  own  children : 
For  they  have  observed  thy  word, 
And  keep  thy  covenant. 

10  They  shall  teach  Jacob  thine  ordinances, 
And  Lsrael  thy  law: 

They  shall  put  incense  before  thee. 

And  whole  burnt-offering  upon  thine  altar. 

11  Bless,  Jehovah,  his  substance. 
And  accept  the  work  of  his  hands : 

Smite  through  the  loins  of  them  that  rise  up  against  him, 
And  of  them  that  hate  him,  that  they  rise  not  again. 

12  Of  Benjamin  he  said. 

The  beloved  of  Jehovah  shall  dwell  in  safety  by  him; 
He  covereth  him  all  the  day  long. 
And  he  dwelleth  between  his  shoulders. 

13  And  of  Joseph  he  said, 


...332*  ]  E51  183 

Blessed  of  Jehovah  be  his  land, 

For  the  precious  things  of  heaven,  for  the  dew, 

And  for  the  deep  that  coucheth  beneath, 

14  And  for  the  precious  things  of  the  fruits  of  the  sun, 
And  for  the  precious  things  of  the  growth  of  the  moons, 

15  And  for  the  chief  things  of  the  ancient  mountains, 
And  for  the  precious  things  of  the  everlasting  hills, 

16  And  for  the  precious  things  of  the  earth  and  the  fulness 

thereof. 
And  the  good  will  of  him  that  dwelt  in  the  bush. 
Let  the  blessing  come  upon  the  head  of  Joseph, 
And  upon  the  crown  of  the  head  of  him  that  was  separate 

from  his  brethren. 

17  The  firstling  of  his  herd,  majesty  is  his; 
And  his  horns  are  the  horns  of  the  wild-ox: 

With  them  he  shall  push  the  peoples  all  of  them,  even  the 

ends  of  the  earth : 
And  they  are  the  ten  thousands  of  Ephraim, 
And  they  are  the  thousands  of  Manasseh. 

18  And  of  Zebulun  he  said, 
Rejoice,  Zebulun,  in  thy  going  out; 
And,  Issachar,  in  thy  tents. 

19  They  shall  call  the  peoples  unto  the  mountain; 
There  shall  they  offer  sacrifices  of  righteousness: 
For  they  shall  suck  the  abundance  of  the  seas, 
And  the  hidden  treasures  of  the  sand. 

20  And  of  Gad  he  said, 

Blessed  be  he  that  enlargeth  Gad : 

He  dwelleth  as  a  lioness. 

And  teareth  the  arm,  yea,  the  crown  of  the  head. 

21  And  he  provided  the  first  part  for  himself, 
For  there  was  the  lawgiver's  portion  reserved; 
And  he  came  with  the  heads  of  the  people ; 

He  executed  the  righteousness  of  Jehovah, 
And  his  ordinances  with  Israel. 

22  And  of  Dan  he  said, 
Dan  is  a  lion's  whelp, 

That  leapeth  forth  from  Bashan. 

23  And  of  Naphtali  he  said, 

O  Naphtali,  satisfied  with  favor, 
And  full  with  the  blessing  of  Jehovah, 
Possess  thou  the  west  and  the  south. 

24  And  of  Asher  he  said, 
Blessed  be  Asher  with  children; 

Let  him  be  acceptable  unto  his  brethren, 
And  let  him  dip  his  foot  in  oil. 


184  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH     [  Dt.  SS^s 

25  Thy  bars  shall  be  iron  and  brass : 

And  as  thy  days,  so  shall  thy  strength  be. 

26  There  is  none  like  unto  God,  O  Jeshurun, 
Who  rideth  upon  the  heavens  for  thy  help, 
And  in  his  excellency  on  the  skies. 

27  The  eternal  God  is  thy  dwelling-place, 
And  underneath  are  the  everlasting  arms. 
And  he  thrust  out  the  enemy  from  before  thee, 
And  said,  Destroy. 

28  And  Israel  dwelleth  in  safety, 
The  fountain  of  Jacob  alone. 

In  a  land  of  grain  and  new  wine; 
Yea,  his  heavens  drop  down  dew. 

29  Happy  art  thou,  O  Israel: 

Who  is  like  unto  thee,  a  people  saved  by  Jehovah, 

The  shield  of  thy  help. 

And  the  sword  of  thy  excellency! 

And  thine  enemies  shall  submit  themselves  imto  thee; 

And  thou  shalt  tread  upon  their  high  places. 

52.  The  Death  of  Moses.    P84. 
Dt.  341^-6.10 

lb  ...  to  the  top  of  Pisgah,  that  is  over  against  Jericho. 
And  Jehovah  showed  him  all  the  land  of  Gilead,  unto  Dan, 
2  and  all  Naphtali,  and  the  land  of  Ephraim  and  Manasseh, 
and  all  the  land  of  Judah,  unto  the  hinder  sea,  3  and  the 
South,  and  the  Plain  of  the  valley  of  Jericho  the  city  of  palm- 
trees,  unto  Zoar.  4  And  Jehovah  said  unto  him.  This  is  the 
land  which  I  sware  unto  Abraham,  unto  Isaac,  and  unto  Jacob, 
saying,  I  will  give  it  unto  thy  seed :  I  have  caused  thee  to  see 
it  with  thine  eyes,  but  thou  shalt  not  go  over  thither. 

5  So  Moses  the  servant  of  Jehovah  died  there  in  the  land  of 
Moab,  according  to  the  word  of  Jehovah.  6  And  he  buried 
him  in  the  valley  in  the  land  of  Moab  over  against  Beth-peor : 
but  no  man  knoweth  of  his  sepulchre  unto  this  day. 

10  And  there  hath  not  arisen  a  prophet  since  in  Israel  like 
unto  Moses,  whom  Jehovah  knew  face  to  face. 

53.  JE  Rahab  the  Spy  in  Jericho.    J49,  note. 
Josh.  21-9^-12-23 

Introductory  Note  on  Sections  53-73. — These  sections  in- 
clude unanalyzed  JE  material.  There  is  general  agreement 
that  J  and  E  are  interwoven  in  many  of  the  narratives  (so 

62  There  is  no  agreement  among  authorities  with  reierence  to  the  detailed  analysis  of 
Dt.  34.  There  may  be  J  and  Rd  in  the  passage  printed  above.  Many  beUeve  that  lb-4 
and  5-6  come  from  different  sources. 

63  Mainly  J:  GFM.,  Ki.,  Smend  (J2  and  J').    Mainly  E:  Albers,  St.,  Co. 


...Josh.  2^2  ]  E51-52  JE53  185 

Albers,  Bennett,  Ho.,  Pr.,  Gr.,  CH.,  Kent,  GFM.,  Smend,  et 
al.),  but  there  is  no  consensus  as  to  details,  except  in  the  sep- 
aration of  the  J  passages  printed  in  J  48-55. 

The  unanalyzed  JE  material  is  printed  with  E,  because  E  is 
the  later  document,  and  because  We.,  St.,  et  al.  hold  that  E 
is  the  real  main  source  of  Josh.  (esp.  in  ch.  8-11 :  We.,  Hollen- 
berg,  Meyer,  Stade). 

St.  has  collated  the  consensus  of  scholars  with  reference  to 
the  analysis  of  Josh.,  and  the  present  edition  owes  much  to  him. 

The  analysis  is  rendered  very  difficult  by  the  fact  that  Rd 
has  worked  over  the  older  sources  so  thoroughly  from  his 
standpoint ;  and  also  by  the  uncertainty  of  the  text.  MT  and 
LXX  vary  widely;  often  LXX  is  shorter  and  evidently  aims 
at  omitting  superfluous  material  in  MT.  Apparently  MT  has 
also  experienced  certain  glosses  since  LXX  was  translated. 

1  And  Joshua  the  son  of  Nun  sent  out  of  Shittira  two 
men  as  spies  secretly,  saying,  Go,  view  the  land,  and  Jericho. 
And  they  went,  and  came  into  the  house  of  a  harlot  whose  name 
was  Rahab,  and  lay  there.  2  And  it  was  told  the  king  of 
Jericho,  saying.  Behold,  there  came  men  in  hither  to-night  of 
the  children  of  Israel  to  search  out  the  land.  3  And  the  king 
of  Jericho  sent  unto  Rahab,  saying,  Bring  forth  the  men  that 
are  come  to  thee,  that  are  entered  into  thy  house ;  for  they 
are  come  to  search  out  all  the  land.  4  And  the  woman  took 
the  two  men,  and  hid  them ;  and  she  said.  Yea,  the  men  came 
unto  me,  but  I  knew  not  whence  they  were :  5  and  it  came  to 
pass  about  the  time  of  the  shutting  of  the  gate,  when  it  was 
dark,  that  the  men  went  out ;  whither  the  men  went  I  know 
not:  pursue  after  them  quickly;  for  ye  will  overtake  them. 
6  But  she  had  brought  them  up  to  the  roof,  and  hid  them 
with  the  stalks  of  flax,  which  she  had  laid  in  order  upon  the 
roof.  7  And  the  men  pursued  after  th(^m  the  way  to  the  Jor- 
dan unto  the  fords :  and  as  soon  as  they  that  pursued  after 
them  were  gone  out,  they  shut  the  gate. 

8  And  before  they  were  laid  down,  she  came  up  unto  them 
upon  the  roof;  9  and  she  said  unto  the  men,  I  know  that 
Jehovah  hath  given  you  the  land,  and  that  the  fear  of  you  is  fallen 
upon  us,  and  that  all  the  inhabitants  of  the  land  melt  away  before  you. 
10  For  we  have  heard  how  Jehovah  dried  up  the  water  of  the  Red  Sea 
before  you,  when  ye  came  out  of  Egypt;  and  what  ye  did  unto  the  two 
kings  of  the  Amoritcs,  that  were  beyond  the  Jordan,  unto  Sihon  and  to 
Og,  whom  ye  utterly  destroyed.  11  And  as  soon  as  we  had  heard  it,  our 
hearts  did  melt,  neither  did  there  remain  any  more  spirit  in  any  man,  be- 
cause of  you:  for  Jehovah  your  God,  he  is  God  in  heaven  above,  and  on 
earth  beneath.    12  Now  therefore,  I  pray  you,  swear  unto  me  by 


186  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH     [Josh.  2^2 

Jehovah,  since  I  have  dealt  kindly  with  you,  that  ye  also  will 
deal  kindly  with  my  father's  house,  and  give  me  a  true  token  ; 
13  and  that  ye  will  save  alive  my  father,  and  my  mother,  and 
my  brethren,  and  my  sisters,  and  all  that  they  have,  and  will 
deliver  our  lives  from  death.  14  And  the  men  said  unto  her, 
Our  life  for  yours,  if  ye  utter  not  this  our  business;  and  it 
shall  be,  when  Jehovah  giveth  us  the  land,  that  we  will  deal 
kindly  and  truly  with  thee. 

15  Then  she  let  them  down  by  a  cord  through  the  window: 
for  her  house  was  upon  the  side  of  the  wall,  and  she  dwelt  upon 
the  wall.  16  And  she  said  unto  them.  Get  you  to  the  moun- 
tain, lest  the  pursuers  light  upon  you;  and  hide  yourselves 
there  three  days,  until  the  pursuers  be  returned :  and  after- 
ward may  ye  go  your  way.  17  And  the  men  said  unto  her, 
We  will  be  guiltless  of  this  thine  oath  which  thou  hast  made 
us  to  swear.  18  Behold,  when  we  come  into  the  land,  thou 
shalt  bind  this  line  of  scarlet  thread  in  the  window  which  thou 
didst  let  us  down  by :  and  thou  shalt  gather  unto  thee  into  the 
house  thy  father,  and  thy  mother,  and  thy  brethren,  and  all 
thy  father's  household.  19  And  it  shall  be,  that  whosoever 
shall  go  out  of  the  doors  of  thy  house  into  the  street,  his  blood 
shall  be  upon  his  head,  and  we  shall  be  guiltless:  and  whoso- 
ever shall  be  with  thee  in  the  house,  his  blood  shall  be  on  our 
head,  if  any  hand  be  upon  him.  20  But  if  thou  utter  this  our 
business,  then  we  shall  be  guiltless  of  thine  oath  which  thou 
hast  made  us  to  swear.  21  And  she  said,  According  unto  your 
words,  so  be  it.  And  she  sent  them  away,  and  they  departed : 
and  she  bound  the  scarlet  line  in  the  window. 

22  And  they  went,  and  came  unto  the  mountain,  and  abode 
there  three  days,  until  the  pursuers  were  returned:  and  the 
pursuers  sought  them  throughout  all  the  way,  but  found  them 
not.  23  Then  the  two  men  returned,  and  descended  from  the 
mountain,  and  passed  over,  and  came  to  Joshua  the  son  of 
Nun ;  and  they  told  him  all  that  had  befallen  them. 

54.  JE  The  Crossing  of  the  Jordan.    P85. 

Josh.  31-5-9-17 

1  And  Joshua  rose  up  early  in  the  morning;  and  they  re- 
moved from  Shittim,  and  came  to  the  Jordan,  he  and  all  the 
children  of  Israel ;  and  they  lodged  there  before  they  passed 
over.  5  And  Joshua  said  unto  the  people,  Sanctify  yourselves ; 
for  to-morrow  Jehovah  will  do  wonders  among  you. 

9  And  Joshua  said  unto  the  children  of  Israel,  Come  hither, 
and  hear  the  words  of  Jehovah  your  God.  10  And  Joshua  said. 
Hereby  ye  shall  know  that  the  living  God  is  among  you,  and 
that  he  will  without  fail  drive  out  from  before  you  the  Canaan- 


..A']  E53-55  JE  187 

ite,  and  the  Hittite,  and  the  Hivite,  and  the  Perizzite,  and  the  Girgashite, 
and  the  Amoritc,  and  the  Jcbusite.  11  Behold,  the  ark  of  the  cove- 
nant of  the  Lord  of  all  the  earth  passeth  over  before  you  into 
the  Jordan.  12  Now  therefore  take  you  twelve  men  out  of 
the  tribes  of  Israel,  for  every  tribe  a  man.  13  And  it  shall 
come  to  pass,  when  the  soles  of  the  feet  of  the  priests  that 
bear  the  ark  of  Jehovah,  the  Lord  of  all  the  earth,  shall  rest  in 
the  waters  of  the  Jordan,  that  the  waters  of  the  Jordan  shall 
be  cut  off,  even  the  waters  that  come  down  from  above;  and 
they  shall  stand  in  one  heap. 

14  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  the  people  removed  from  their 
tents,  to  pass  over  the  Jordan,  the  priests  that  bare  the  ark  of 
the  covenant  being  before  the  people;  15  and  when  they  that 
bare  the  ark  were  come  unto  the  Jordan,  and  the  feet  of  the 
priests  that  bare  the  ark  were  dipped  in  the  brink  of  the  water 
(for  the  Jordan  overfioweth  all  its  banks  all  the  time  of  harvest), 
16  that  the  waters  which  came  down  from  above  stood,  and 
rose  up  in  one  heap,  a  great  way  off,  at  Adam,  the  city  that  is 
beside  Zarethan;  antl  those  that  went  down  toward  the  sea  of 
the  Arabah,  even  the  Salt  Sea,  were  wholly  cut  off:  and  the 
people  passed  over  right  against  Jericho.  17  And  the  priests 
that  bare  the  ark  of  the  covenant  of  Jehovah  stood  firm  on  dry 
ground  in  the  midst  of  the  Jordan;  and  all  Israel  passed  over 
on  dry  ground,  until  all  the  nation  were  passed  clean  over  the 
Jordan. 

55.  JE  Twelve  Stones  from  the  Jordan  Set  Up  in  Gilgal. 
E25. 

Josh.  4i-3-''-ii-i8-2o 

1  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  all  the  nation  were  clean  passed 
over  the  Jordan,  that  Jehovah  spake  unto  Joshua,  saying, 
3  And  command  ye  them,  saying.  Take  you  hence  out  of  the 
midst  of  the  Jordan,  out  of  the  place  where  the  priests'  feet 
stood  firm,  twelve  stones,  and  carry  them  over  with  you,  and 
lay  them  down  in  the  lodging-place,  where  ye  shall  lodge  this 
night.  4  Then  Joshua  called  the  twelve  men,  whom  he  had 
prepared  of  the  children  of  Israel,  out  of  every  tribe  a  man: 
5  and  Joshua  said  unto  them,  Pass  over  before  the  ark  of 
Jehovah  your  God  into  the  midst  of  the  Jordan,  and  take 
you  up  every  man  of  you  a  stone  u])on  his  shoulder,  according 
unto  the  number  of  the  tribes  of  the  children  of  Israel ;  6  that 
this  may  be  a  sign  among  you,  that,  when  your  children  ask  in 
time  to  come,  saying.  What  mean  ye  by  these;  stones?  7  then  ye 
shall  say  unto  them,  Because  the  waters  of  the  Jordan  were  cut  off 
before  the  ark  of  the  covenant  of  Jehovah ;  when  it  passed  over 

"  Mainly  E :  GFM.    But  there  is  very  wide  difference  in  detail. 


188  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH     [  Josh.  4' 

the  Jordan,  the  waters  of  the  Jordan  were  cut  off :  and  these  stones 
shall  be  for  a  memorial  unto  the  children  of  Israel  for  ever. 

8  And  the  children  of  Israel  did  so  as  Joshua  commanded, 
and  took  up  twelve  stones  out  of  the  midst  of  the  Jordan,  as 
Jehovah  spake  unto  Joshua,  according  to  the  number  of  the 
tribes  of  the  children  of  Israel;  and  they  carried  them  over 
with  them  unto  the  place  where  they  lodged,  and  laid  them 
down  there.  9  And  Joshua  set  up  twelve  stones  in  the  midst 
of  the  Jordan,  in  the  place  where  the  feet  of  the  priests  that 
bare  the  ark  of  the  covenant  stood:  and  they  are  there  unto 
this  day.  10  For  the  priests  that  bare  the  ark  stood  in  the 
midst  of  the  Jordan,  until  everything  was  finished  that  Jeho- 
vah commanded  Joshua  to  speak  unto  the  people,  according 
to  all  that  Moses  commanded  Joshua:  and  the  people  hasted 
and  passed  over.  11  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  all  the  people 
were  clean  passed  over,  that  the  ark  of  Jehovah  passed  over, 
and  the  priests,  in  the  presence  of  the  people. 

18  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  the  priests  that  bare  the  ark 
of  the  covenant  of  Jehovah  were  come  up  out  of  the  midst  of 
the  Jordan,  and  the  soles  of  the  priests'  feet  were  lifted  up  unto 
the  dry  ground,  that  the  waters  of  the  Jordan  returned  unto 
their  place,  and  went  over  all  its  banks,  as  aforetime. 

20  And  those  twelve  stones,  which  they  took  out  of  the 
Jordan,  did  Joshua  set  up  in  Gilgal. 

56.  E  Israelites  Circumcised  at  Gilgal.    J25. 
Josh.  52-3-8-9 

2  At  that  time  Jehovah  said  unto  Joshua,  Make  thee  knives 
of  flint,  and  circumcise  again  the  children  of  Israel  the  second 
time.  3  And  Joshua  made  him  knives  of  flint,  and  circumcised 
the  children  of  Israel  at  the  hill  of  the  foreskins.  8  And  it 
came  to  pass,  when  they  had  done  circumcising  all  the  na- 
tion, that  they  abode  in  their  places  in  the  camp,  till  they  were 
whole.  9  And  Jehovah  said  unto  Joshua,  This  day  have  I 
rolled  away  the  reproach  of  Egypt  from  off  you.  Wherefore 
the  name  of  that  place  was  called  Gilgal,  unto  this  day. 

57.  JE  Capture  of  Jericho. 
Josh.  61-3-26 

1  Now  Jericho  was  straitly  shut  up  because  of  the  children 
of  Israel :  none  wont  out,  and  none  came  in. 

3  And  ye  shall  compass  the  city,  all  the  men  of  war,  going 
about  the  city  once.  Thus  shalt  thou  do  six  days.  4  And 
seven  priests  shall  bear  seven  trumpets  of  rams'  horns  before 

66  E:  HoUenberg,  Di.,  Ho.,  St.,  Pr.,  Kent,  GFM..  Ki.  JE:  Dr.,  Ad.  J:  Ku.,  Co., 
Bennett,  Gr.,  CH.,  Smend  (cf.  E3xiv). 


...619  ]  E55-57  (55,57  JE)  189 

the  ark :  and  the  seventh  day  ye  shall  compass  the  city  seven 
times,  and  the  priests  shall  blow  the  trumpets.  5  And  it  shall 
be,  that,  when  they  make;  a  long  blast  with  the  ram's  horn,  and 
when  ye  hear  the  sound  of  the  trumpet,  all  the  people  shall 
shout  with  a  great  shout;  and  the  wall  of  the  city  shall  fall 
down  flat,  and  the  people  shall  go  up  every  man  straight  before 
him.  6  And  Joshua  the  son  of  Nun  called  the  priests,  and 
said  unto  them,  Take  up  the  ark  of  the  covenant,  and  let  seven 
priests  bear  seven  trumpets  of  rams'  horns  before  the  ark  of 
Jehovah.  7  And  they  said  unto  the  people.  Pass  on,  and  com- 
pass the  city,  and  let  the  armed  men  pass  on  before  the  ark  of 
Jehovah. 

8  And  it  was  so,  that,  when  Joshua  had  spoken  unto  the 
people,  the  seven  priests  bearing  the  seven  trumpets  of  rams' 
horns  liefore  Jehovah  passed  on,  and  blew  the  trumpets:  and 
the  ark  of  the  covenant  of  Jehovah  followed  them.  9  And  the 
armed  men  went  before  the  priests  that  blew  the  trumpets, 
and  the  rearward  went  after  the  ark,  the  priests  bknving  the 
trumpets  as  they  went.  10  And  Joshua  commanded  the  peo- 
ple, saying,  Ye  shall  not  shout,  nor  let  your  voice  be  heard, 
neither  shall  any  word  proceed  out  of  your  mouth,  until  the 
day  I  bid  you  shout;  then  shall  ye  shout.  11  So  he  caused 
the  ark  of  Jehovah  to  compass  the  city,  going  about  it  once: 
and  they  came  into  the  camp,  and  lodged  in  the  camp. 

12  And  Joshua  rose  early  in  the  morning,  and  the  priests 
took  up  the  ark  of  Jehovah.  13  And  the  seven  priests  bearing 
the  seven  trumpets  of  rams'  horns  before  the  ark  of  Jehovah 
went  on  continually,  and  blew  the  trumpets:  and  the  armed 
men  went  before  them;  and  the  rearward  came  after  th(>  ark 
of  Jehovah,  the  priests  blowing  the  trumpets  as  they  went. 
14  And  the  second  day  they  compassed  the  city  once,  and 
returned  into  the  camp:  so  they  did  six  days. 

15  And  it  came  to  pass  on  the  seventh  day,  that  they  rose 
early  at  the  dawning  of  the  day,  and  compassed  the  city  after 
the  same  manner  seven  times:  only  on  that  day  they  com- 
passed the  city  seven  times.  16  And  it  came  to  pass  at  the 
s(;venth  time,  when  the  priests  blew  the  trumpets,  Joshua  said 
unto  the  people,  Shout;  for  Jehovah  hath  given  you  the  city. 
17  And  the  city  shall  be  devoted,  even  it  and  all  that  is  therein, 
to  Jehovah:  only  Rahal)  the  harlot  shall  live,  she  and  all  that 
are  with  her  in  the  house,  because  she  hid  the  messengers  that 
we  sent.  18  But  as  for  you,  only  keep  yourselves  from  the 
devoted  thing,  lest  when  ye  have  devoted  it,  ye  take  of  the 
devoted  thing;  so  would  ye  make  the  camp  of  Israel  accursed, 
and  trouble  it.  19  But  all  the  silvcT,  and  gold,  and  vessels  of 
brass  and  iron,  are  holy  unto  Jehovah :  they  shall  come  into 


190  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH    [  Josh.  G^^ 

the  treasury  of  Jehovah.  20  So  the  people  shouted,  and  the 
priests  blew  the  trumpets:  and  it  came  to  pass,  when  the 
people  heard  the  sound  of  the  trumpet,  that  the  people  shouted 
with  a  great  shout,  and  the  wall  fell  down  flat,  so  that  the 
people  went  up  into  the  city,  every  man  straight  before  him, 
and  they  took  the  city.  21  And  they  utterly  destroyed  all  that 
was  in  the  city,  both  man  and  woman,  both  young  and  old, 
and  ox,  and  sheep,  and  ass,  with  the  edge  of  the  sword. 

22  And  Joshua  said  unto  the  two  men  that  had  spied  out  the 
land,  Go  into  the  harlot's  house,  and  bring  out  thence  the 
woman,  and  all  that  she  hath,  as  ye  sware  unto  her.  23  And 
the  young  men  the  spies  went  in,  and  brought  out  Rahab,  and 
her  father,  and  her  mother,  and  her  brethren,  and  all  that  she 
had ;  all  her  kindred  also  they  brought  out ;  and  they  set  them 
without  the  camp  of  Israel.  24  And  they  burnt  the  city  with 
fire,  and  all  that  was  therein;  only  the  silver,  and  the  gold, 
and  the  vessels  of  brass  and  of  iron,  they  put  into  the  treasury 
of  the  house  of  Jehovah.  25  But  Rahab  the  harlot,  and  her 
father's  household,  and  all  that  she  had,  did  Joshua  save  alive ; 
and  she  dwelt  in  the  midst  of  Israel  unto  this  day,  because  she 
hid  the  messengers,  whom  Joshua  sent  to  spy  out  Jericho. 
26  And  Joshua  charged  them  with  an  oath  at  that  time,  saying. 
Cursed  be  the  man  before  Jehovah,  that  riseth  up  and  buildeth 
this  city  Jericho:  with  the  loss  of  his  first-born  shall  he  lay 
the  foundation  thereof,  and  with  the  loss  of  his  youngest  son 
shall  he  set  up  the  gates  of  it. 

58.  JE  Israel  Defeated  at  Ai. 
Josh.  72-5 

2  And  Joshua  sent  men  from  Jericho  to  Ai,  which  is  beside 
Beth-aven,  on  the  east  side  of  Beth-el,  and  spake  unto  them, 
saying.  Go  up  and  spy  out  the  land.  And  the  men  went  up 
and  spied  out  Ai.  3  And  they  returned  to  Joshua,  and  said 
unto  him.  Let  not  all  the  people  go  up;  but  let  about  two  or 
three  thousand  men  go  up  and  smite  Ai;  make  not  all  the 
people  to  toil  thither;  for  they  are  but  few.  4  So  there  went 
up  thither  of  the  people  about  three  thousand  men:  and  they 
fled  before  the  men  of  Ai.  5  And  the  men  of  Ai  smote  of  them 
about  thirty  and  six  men ;  and  they  chased  them  from  before 
the  gate  even  unto  Shebarim,  and  smote  them  at  the  descent: 
and  the  hearts  of  the  people  melted,  and  became  as  water. 

59.  JE  Achan's  Violation  of  the  Ban  Punished.    P87. 
Josh.  71-6-26 

1  But  the  children  of  Israel  committed  a  trespass  in  the  devoted  thing; 

"  V.  1 :  Rp. 


...719]  E57-59  JE  191 

for  Achan,  the  son  of  Carmi,  the  son  of  Zabdi,  the  son  of  Zerah,  of  the  tribe 
of  Judah,  took  of  the  devoted  thing:  and  the  anger  of  Jehovah  was  kindled 
against  the  children  of  Israel. 

6  And  Joshua  rent  his  clothes,  and  fell  to  the  earth  upon  his 
face  before  the  ark  of  Jehovah  until  the  evening,  he  and  the 
elders  of  Israel;  and  they  put  dust  upon  their  heads.  7  And 
Joshua  said,  Alas,  O  Lord  Jehovah,  wherefore  hast  thou  at  all 
brought  this  people  over  the  Jordan,  to  deliver  us  into  the 
hand  of  the  Amorites,  to  cause  us  to  perish?  would  that  we 
had  been  content  and  dwelt  beyond  the  Jordan!  8  Oh,  Lord, 
what  shall  I  say,  after  that  Israel  hath  turned  their  backs 
before  their  enemies!  9  For  the  Canaanites  and  all  the  in- 
habitants of  the  land  will  hear  of  it,  and  will  compass  us  round, 
and  cut  off  our  name  from  the  earth :  and  what  wilt  thou  do 
for  thy  great  name? 

10  And  Jehovah  said  unto  Joshua,  Get  thee  up;  wherefore 
art  thou  thus  fallen  upon  thy  face?  11  Israel  hath  sinned; 
yea,  they  have  even  transgressed  my  covenant  which  I  com- 
manded them:  yea,  they  have  even  taken  of  the  devoted 
thing,  and  have  also  stolen,  and  dissembled  also;  and  they 
have  even  put  it  among  their  own  stuff.  12  Therefore  the 
children  of  Israel  cannot  stand  l^efore  their  enemies;  they 
turn  their  backs  before  their  enemies,  because  they  are  become 
accursed:  I  will  not  be  with  you  any  more,  except  ye  destroy 
the  devoted  thing  from  among  you.  13  Up,  sanctify  the  peo- 
ple, and  say.  Sanctify  yourselves  against  to-morrow:  for  thus 
saith  Jehovah,  the  God  of  Israel,  There  is  a  devoted  thing  in 
the  midst  of  thee,  O  Israel;  thou  canst  not  stand  before  thine 
enemies,  until  ye  take  away  the  devoted  thing  from  among 
you.  14  In  the  morning  therefore  ye  shall  be  brouglit  near 
l)y  your  tribes:  and  it  sliall  be,  that  the  tribe  which  Jehovah 
taketh  shall  come  near  by  families;  and  the  family  which 
Jehovah  shall  take  shall  come  near  by  households;  and  the 
household  which  Jehovah  shall  take  shall  come  near  man  by 
man.  15  And  it  shall  be,  that  he  that  is  taken  with  the  de- 
voted thing  shall  be  burnt  Avith  fire,  he  and  all  that  he  hath; 
because  he  hath  transgressed  the  covenant  of  Jehovah,  and 
because  he  hath  wrought  folly  in  Israel. 

16  So  Joshua  rose  up  early  in  the  morning,  and  brought  Is- 
rael near  by  their  tribes ;  and  the  tribe  of  Judah  was  taken : 
17  and  he  brought  near  the  famil}''  of  Judah;  ami  he  took  the 
family  of  the  Zerahites:  and  h(^  l)r()ught  near  the  family  of  the 
Zerahites  man  by  man;  and  Zal)di  was  tak(>n:  18  and  he 
brought  near  his  household  man  by  man;  and  Achan  the  son 
of  Carmi,  the  son  of  Zabdi,  the  son  of  Zerah,  of  the  tribe  of 
Judah,  was  taken.     19  And  Joshua  said  unto  Achan,  My  son, 


192  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH    [  Josh.  1'^ 

give,  I  pray  thee,  glory  to  Jehovah,  the  God  of  Israel,  and 
make  confession  unto  him;  and  tell  me  now  what  thou  hast 
done;  hide  it  not  from  me.  20  And  Achan  answered  Joshua, 
and  said.  Of  a  truth  I  have  sinned  against  Jehovah,  the  God 
of  Israel,  and  thus  and  thus  have  I  done:  21  when  I  saw 
among  the  spoil  a  goodly  Babylonish  mantle,  and  two  hundred 
shekels  of  silver,  and  a  wedge  of  gold  of  fifty  shekels  weight, 
then  I  coveted  them,  and  took  them;  and,  behold,  they  are 
hid  in  the  earth  in  the  midst  of  my  tent,  and  the  silver  under  it. 
22  So  Joshua  sent  messengers,  and  they  ran  unto  the  tent; 
and,  behold,  it  was  hid  in  his  tent,  and  the  silver  under  it. 
23  And  they  took  them  from  the  midst  of  the  tent,  and  brought 
them  unto  Joshua,  and  unto  all  the  children  of  Israel;  and 
they  laid  them  down  before  Jehovah.  24  And  Joshua,  and  all 
Israel  with  him,  took  Achan  the  son  of  Zerah,  and  the  silver, 
and  the  mantle,  and  the  wedge  of  gold,  and  his  sons,  and  his 
daughters,  and  his  oxen,  and  his  asses,  and  his  sheep,  and  his 
tent,  and  all  that  he  had :  and  they  brought  them  up  unto  the 
valley  of  Achor.  25  And  Joshua  said,  Why  hast  thou  troubled 
us?  Jehovah  shall  trouble  thee  this  day.  And  all  Israel  stoned 
him  with  stones;  and  they  burned  them  with  fire,  and  stoned 
them  with  stones.  26  And  they  raised  over  him  a  great  heap 
of  stones,  unto  this  day;  and  Jehovah  turned  from  the  fierce- 
ness of  his  anger.  Wherefore  the  name  of  that  place  was  called, 
The  valley  of  Achor,  unto  this  day. 

60.  JE  The  Capture  of  Ai. 

Josh.  81-29 

1  And  Jehovah  said  unto  Joshua,  Fear  not,  neither  be  thou  dis- 
mayed: take  all  the  people  of  war  with  thee,  and  arise,  go  up 
to  Ai;  see,  I  have  given  into  thy  hand  the  king  of  Ai,  and  his 
people,  and  his  city,  and  his  land;  2  and  thou  shalt  do  to  Ai 
and  her  king  as  thou  didst  unto  Jericho  and  her  king :  only  the 
spoil  thereof,  and  the  cattle  thereof,  shall  ye  take  for  a  prey  unto  your- 
selves: set  thee  an  ambush  for  the  city  behind  it. 

3  So  Joshua  arose,  and  all  the  people  of  war,  to  go  up  to  Ai : 
and  Joshua  chose  out  thirty  thousand  men,  the  mighty  men 
of  valor,  and  sent  them  forth  by  night.  4  And  he  commanded 
them,  saying,  Behold,  ye  shall  lie  in  ambush  against  the  city, 
behind  the  city;  go  not  very  far  from  the  city,  but  be  ye  all 
ready:  5  and  I,  and  all  the  people  that  are  with  me,  will  ap- 
proach unto  the  city.  And  it  shall  come  to  pass,  when  they 
come  out  against  us,  as  at  the  first,  that  we  will  flee  before 
them;  6  and  they  will  come  out  after  us,  till  we  have  drawn 
them  away  from  the  city;  for  they  will  say.  They  flee  before 
us,  as  at  the  first :  so  we  will  flee  before  them ;    7  and  ye  shall 


-822  ]  E59-60  JE  193 

rise  up  from  the  ambush,  and  take  possession  of  the  city:  for 
Jehovah  your  God  will  deliver  it  into  your  hand.  8  And  it 
shall  be,  when  ye  have  seized  upon  the  city,  that  ye  shall  set 
the  city  on  fire ;  according  to  the  word  of  Jehovah  shall  ye  do : 
see,  I  have  commanded  you.  9  And  Joshua  sent  them  forth; 
and  they  went  to  the  ambushment,  and  abode  between  Beth-el 
and  Ai,  on  the  west  side  of  Ai:  but  Joshua  lodged  that  night 
among  the  people. 

10  And  Joshua  arose  up  early  in  the  morning,  and  mustered 
the  people,  and  went  up,  he  and  the  elders  of  Israel,  before  the 
people  to  Ai.  11  And  all  the  people,  even  the  men  of  war  that 
were  with  him,  went  up,  and  drew  nigh,  and  came  before  the 
city,  and  encamped  on  the  north  side  of  Ai :  now  there  was  a 
valley  between  him  and  Ai.  12  And  he  took  about  five  thou- 
sand men,  and  set  them  in  ambush  between  Beth-el  and  Ai, 
on  the  west  side  of  the  city.  13  So  they  set  the  people,  even 
all  the  host  that  was  on  the  north  of  the  city,  and  their  liers- 
in-wait  that  were  on  the  west  of  the  city;  and  Joshua  went 
that  night  into  the  midst  of  the  valley.  14  And  it  came  to 
pass,  when  the  king  of  Ai  saw  it,  that  they  hasted  and  rose  up 
early,  and  the  men  of  the  city  went  out  against  Israel  to  battle, 
he  and  all  his  people,  at  the  time  appointed,  before  the  Araliah ; 
but  he  knew  not  that  there  was  an  ambush  against  him  behind 
the  city.  15  And  Joshua  and  all  Israel  made  as  if  they  were 
beaten  before  them,  and  fled  by  the  way  of  the  wilderness. 
16  And  all  the  people  that  were  in  the  city  were  called  to- 
gether to  pursue  after  them:  and  they  pursued  after  Joshua, 
and  were  drawn  away  from  the  city.  17  And  there  was  not 
a  man  left  in  Ai  or  Beth-el,  that  went  not  out  after  Israel: 
and  they  left  the  city  open,  and  pursued  after  Israel. 

18  And  Jehovah  said  unto  Joshua,  Stretch  out  the  javelin 
that  is  in  thy  hand  toward  Ai ;  for  I  will  give  it  into  thy  hand. 
And  Joshua  stretched  out  the  javelin  that  was  in  his  hand 
toward  the  city.  19  And  the  ambush  arose  quickly  out  of 
their  place,  and  they  ran  as  soon  as  he  had  stretched  out  his 
hand,  and  entered  into  the  city,  and  took  it;  and  they  hasted 
and  set  the  city  on  fire.  20  And  when  the  men  of  Ai  looked 
behind  them,  they  saw,  and,  behold,  the  smoke  of  the  city 
ascended  up  to  heaven,  and  they  had  no  power  to  flee  this 
way  or  that  way:  and  the  people  that  fled  to  the  wilderness 
turned  back  upon  the  pursuers.  21  And  wh(>n  Joshua  and  all 
Israel  saw  that  the  ambush  had  taken  the  city,  and  that  the 
smoke  of  the  city  ascended,  then  they  turned  again,  and  slew 
the  men  of  Ai.  22  And  tiie  otluTs  came  forth  out  of  the  city 
against  them ;  so  they  were  in  the  midst  of  Israel,  some  on  this 
side,  and  some  on  that  side:  and  they  smote  them,  so  that 


194  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH    [Josh.  8^^ 

they  let  none  of  them  remain  or  escape.    23  And  the  king  of 
Ai  they  took  ahve,  and  brought  him  to  Joshua. 

24  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  Israel  had  made  an  end  of 
slaying  all  the  inhabitants  of  Ai  in  the  field,  in  the  wilderness 
wherein  they  pursued  them,  and  they  were  all  fallen  by  the 
edge  of  the  sword,  until  they  were  consumed,  that  all  Israel 
returned  unto  Ai,  and  smote  it  with  the  edge  of  the  sword. 
25  And  all  that  fell  that  day,  both  of  men  and  women,  were 
twelve  thousand,  even  all  the  men  of  Ai.  26  For  Joshua  drew 
not  back  his  hand,  wherewith  he  stretched  out  the  javelin, 
until  he  had  utterly  destroyed  all  the  inhabitants  of  Ai.  27 
Only  the  cattle  and  the  spoil  of  that  city  Israel  took  for  a  prey  unto  them- 
selves, according  unto  the  word  of  Jehovah  which  he  commanded  Joshua. 
28  So  Joshua  burnt  Ai,  and  made  it  a  heap  for  ever,  even  a 
desolation,  unto  this  day.  29  And  the  king  of  Ai  he  hanged 
on  a  tree  until  the  eventide :  and  at  the  going  down  of  the  sun 
Joshua  commanded,  and  they  took  his  body  down  from  the 
tree,  and  cast  it  at  the  entrance  of  the  gate  of  the  city,  and 
raised  thereon  a  great  heap  of  stones,  unto  this  day. 

61.  JE  Treaty  with  the  Gibeonites.     J49.     P87. 

Josh     93-5. 8- 9a. 11- 13. 15a.  16. 22-23. 26- 27a 

3  But  when  the  inhabitants  of  Gibeon  heard  what  Joshua 
had  done  unto  Jericho  and  to  Ai,  4  they  also  did  work  wilily, 
and  went  and  made  as  if  they  had  been  ambassadors,  and  took 
old  sacks  upon  their  asses,  and  wine-skins,  old  and  rent  and 
bound  up,  5  and  old  and  patched  shoes  upon  their  feet,  and 
old  garments  upon  them;  and  all  the  bread  of  their  provision 
was  dry  and  was  become  mouldy. 

8  And  they  said  unto  Joshua,  We  are  thy  servants. 

And  Joshua  said  unto  them.  Who  are  ye?  and  from  whence 
come  ye? 

9a  And  they  said  unto  him.  From  a  very  far  country  thy 
servants  are  come  because  of  the  name  of  Jehovah  thy  God. 
11  And  our  elders  and  all  the  inhabitants  of  our  country  spake 
to  us,  saying.  Take  provision  in  your  hand  for  the  journey,  and 
go  to  meet  them,  and  say  unto  them.  We  are  your  servants: 
and  now  make  ye  a  covenant  with  us.  12  This  our  bread  we 
took  hot  for  our  provision  out  of  our  houses  on  the  day  we 
came  forth  to  go  unto  you;  but  now,  behold,  it  is  dry,  and  is 
become  mouldy:  13  and  these  wine-skins,  which  we  filled, 
were  new ;  and,  behold,  they  are  rent :  and  these  our  garments 
and  our  shoes  are  become  old  by  reason  of  the  very  long  journey. 

15a  And  Joshua  made  peace  with  them.    16  And  it  came  to 

«' GFM.  (1901)  said  that  there  was  general  agreement  that  this  passage  is  J;  while 
St.  (1912)  declared  that  it  is  generally  assigned  to  E!     Smend  (1912)  makes  it  mainly  J^. 


...10"  ]  E60-62  JE  195 

pass  at  the  end  of  three  days  after  they  had  made  a  covenant 
with  them,  that  they  heard  that  they  were  their  neighbors, 
and  that  they  dwelt  among  them. 

22  And  Joshua  call(>d  for  them,  and  he  spake  unto  them, 
saying.  Wherefore  have  ye  beguiled  us,  saying.  We  are  very 
far  from  you;  when  ye  dwell  among  us?  23  Now  therefore 
ye  are  cursed,  and  there  shall  never  fail  to  be  of  you  bondmen 
both  hewers  of  wood  and  drawers  of  water  for  the  house  of  my  God. 
26  And  so  did  he  unto  them,  and  delivered  them  out  of  the 
hand  of  the  children  of  Israel  that  they  slew  them  not.  27a  And 
Joshua  made  them  that  day  hewers  of  wood  and  drawers  of  water 
for  the  congregation,  and  for  the  altar  of  Jehovah,  unto  this  day. 

62.  JE  Joshua  Defeats  the  Kings  of  South  Canaan  Al- 
lied WITH  AdONI-ZEDEK  OF  JERUSALEM.      J52,  56. 
Josh.    101-7-9-14a. 15-24.26-27 

1  Now  it  came  to  pass,  when  Adoni-zedek  king  of  Jerusalem 
heard  how  Joshua  had  taken  Ai,  and  had  utterly  destroyed  it 
(as  he  had  done  to  Jericho  and  her  king,  so  he  had  done  to  Ai 
and  her  king),  and  how  the  inhabitants  of  Gibeon  had  made 
peace  with  Israel,  and  were  among  them;  2  that  they  feared 
greatly,  because  Gibeon  was  a  great  city,  as  one  of  the  royal 
cities,  and  because  it  was  greater  than  Ai,  and  all  the  men 
thereof  were  mighty.  3  Wherefore  Adoni-zedek  king  of  Jeru- 
salem sent  unto  Hoham  king  of  Hebron,  and  unto  Piram  king 
of  Jarmuth,  and  unto  Japhia  king  of  Lachish,  and  unto  Debir 
king  of  Eglon,  saying,  4  Come  up  unto  me,  and  help  me,  and 
let  us  smite  Gibeon;  for  it  hath  made  peace  with  Joshua  and 
with  the  children  of  Israel.  5  Therefore  the  five  kings  of  the 
Amorites,  the  king  of  Jerusalem,  the  king  of  Hebron,  the  king 
of  Jarmuth,  the  king  of  Lachish,  the  king  of  Eglon,  gathered 
themselves  together,  and  went  up,  they  and  all  their  hosts,  and 
encamped  against  Gibeon,  and  made  war  against  it. 

6  And  the  men  of  Gil)eon  sent  unto  Joshua  to  the  camp  to 
Gilgal,  saying.  Slack  not  thy  hand  from  thy  servants;  come  up 
to  us  quickly,  and  save  us,  and  help  us :  for  all  the  kings  of  the  • 
Amorites  that  dwell  in  the  hill-country  are  gathered  together 
against  us.  7  So  Joshua  went  up  from  Gilgal,  he,  and  all  the 
people  of  war  with  him,  and  all  the  mighty  men  of  valor. 
9  Joshua  therefore  came  upon  them  suddenly;  for  he  went  up 
from  Gilgal  all  the  night.  10  And  Jehovah  discomfited  them 
before  Israel,  and  he  slew  th(^m  with  a  great  slaughter  at  Gib- 
eon, and  cliased  them  l)y  the  way  of  the  ascent  of  Beth-horon, 
and  smote  them  to  Azekali,  and  unto  Makkedali.  11  And  it 
came  to  pass,  as  they  fled  from  before  Israel,  while  they  were 

'^  w.  16-27  are  regarded  as  late  by  We.,  Smend. 


196  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH  [  Josh.  W^ 

at  the  descent  of  Beth-horon,  that  Jehovah  cast  down  great 
stones  from  heaven  upon  them  unto  Azekah,  and  they  died: 
they  were  more  who  died  with  the  hailstones  than  they  whom 
the  children  of  Israel  slew  with  the  sword. 

12  Then  spake  Joshua  to  Jehovah  in  the  day  when  Jehovah 
delivered  up  the  Amorites  before  the  children  of  Israel;  and 
he  said  in  the  sight  of  Israel, 

Sun,  stand  thou  still  upon  Gibeon; 

And  thou.  Moon,  in  the  valley  of  Aijalon. 
13  And  the  sun  stood  still,  and  the  moon  stayed, 

Until  the  nation  had  avenged  themselves  of  their  enemies. 
Is  not  this  written  in  the  book  of  Jashar?    And  the  sun  stayed 
in  the  midst  of  heaven,  and  hasted  not  to  go  down  about  a 
whole  day.     14a  And  there  was  no  day  like  that  before  it  or 
after  it,  that  Jehovah  hearkened  unto  the  voice  of  a  man    .  .  . 

15  And  Joshua  returned,  and  all  Israel  with  him,  unto  the 
camp  to  Gilgal. 

16  And  these  five  kings  fled,  and  hid  themselves  in  the  cave 
at  Makkedah.  17  And  it  was  told  Joshua,  saying.  The  five 
kings  are  found,  hidden  in  the  cave  at  Makkedah.  18  And 
Joshua  said.  Roll  great  stones  unto  the  mouth  of  the  cave,  and 
set  men  by  it  to  keep  them :  19  but  stay  not  ye ;  pursue  after 
your  enemies,  and  smite  the  hindmost  of  them;  suffer  them 
not  to  enter  into  their  cities:  for  Jehovah  your  God  hath 
delivered  them  into  your  hand.  20  And  it  came  to  pass,  when 
Joshua  and  the  children  of  Israel  had  made  an  end  of  slaying 
them  with  a  very  great  slaughter,  till  they  were  consumed,  and 
the  remnant  which  remained  of  them  had  entered  into  the  forti- 
fied cities,  21  that  all  the  people  returned  to  the  camp  to 
Joshua  at  Makkedah  in  peace :  none  moved  his  tongue  against 
any  of  the  children  of  Israel. 

22  Then  said  Joshua,  Open  the  mouth  of  the  cave,  and  bring 
forth  those  five  kings  unto  me  out  of  the  cave.  23  And  they 
did  so,  and  brought  forth  those  five  kings  unto  him  out  of  the 
cave,  the  king  of  Jerusalem,  the  king  of  Hebron,  the  king  of 
Jarmuth,  the  king  of  Lachish,  the  king  of  Eglon.  24  And  it 
came  to  pass,  when  they  brought  forth  those  kings  unto  Joshua, 
that  Joshua  called  for  all  the  men  of  Israel,  and  said  unto  the 
chiefs  of  the  men  of  war  that  went  with  him.  Come  near,  put 
your  feet  upon  the  necks  of  these  kings.  And  they  came  near, 
and  put  their  feet  upon  the  necks  of  them.  25  And  Joshua  said 
unto  them,  Fear  not,  nor  be  dismayed;  be  strong  and  of  good  courage: 
for  thus  shall  Jehovah  do  to  all  your  enemies  against  whom  ye  fight. 
26  And  afterward  Joshua  smote  them,  and  put  them  to  death, 
and  hanged  them  on  five  trees:  and  they  were  hanging  upon 
the  trees  until  the  evening.    27  And  it  came  to  pass  at  the  time 


...14«]  E62-04  JE  E65  197 

of  the  going  down  of  the  sun,  that  Joshua  commanded,  and  they 
took  them  down  off  the  trees,  and  cast  them  into  the  cave 
wherein  they  had  hidden  tliemselves,  and  hiid  great  stones  on 
the  mouth  of  the  cave,  unto  this  very  day. 

63.  JE  Joshua  Defeats  the  Kings  of  North  Canaan  Al- 

lied WITH  Jabin  of  Hazor.     Jg.  4,  5. 

Josh,  lli-z^-a 

1  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  Jabin  king  of  Hazor  heard  thereof, 
that  he  sent  to  Johab  king  of  Madon,  and  to  the  king  of  Shimron, 
and  to  the  king  of  Aclishaph,  2  and  to  the  kings  that  were  on  the 
north,  in  the  hill-country,  and  in  the  Arabah  south  of  Chinneroth, 
and  in  the  lowland,  and  in  the  heights  of  Dor  on  the  west. 

4  And  they  went  out,  they  and  all  their  hosts  with  them, 
much  people,  even  as  the  sand  that  is  upon  the  seashore  in 
multitude,  with  horses  and  chariots  very  many.  5  And  all 
these  kings  met  together;  and  they  came  and  encamped  to- 
gether at  the  waters  of  Merom,  to  fight  with  Israel. 

6  And  Jehovah  said  unto  Joshua,  Be  not  afraid  because  of 
them;  for  to-morrow  at  this  time  will  I  deliver  them  up  all 
slain  before  Israel :  thou  shalt  hock  their  horses,  and  burn 
their  chariots  with  fire.  7  So  Joshua  came,  and  all  the  people 
of  war  with  him,  against  them  by  the  waters  of  Merom  sud- 
denly, and  fell  upon  them.  8  And  Jehovah  delivered  them 
into  the  hand  of  Israel,  and  they  smote  them,  and  chased  them 
unto  great  Sidon,  and  unto  Misrephoth-maim,  and  unto  the 
valley  of  Mizpeh  eastward;  and  they  smote  them,  until  they 
left  them  none  remaining.  9  And  Joshua  did  unto  them  as 
Jehovah  bade  him:  he  hocked  their  horses,  and  burnt  their 
chariots  with  fire. 

64.  JE  The  Division  of  the  Land.     J54,  55.     P71. 
Josh.  131-7 

1  Now  Joshua  was  old  and  well  stricken  in  years ;  and  Jeho- 
vah said  unto  him.  Thou  art  old  and  well  stricken  in  years, 
and  there  remaincth  yet  very  much  land  to  be  possessed. 
7  Now  therefore  divide  this  land  for  an  inheritance  unto  the 
nine  tribes,  and  the  half-tribe  of  Manasseh. 

65.  E  Hebron,  the  Lot  of  Caleb.     J51,  57,  60. 
Josh.  146-1^* 

6  Then  the  children  of  Judah  drew  nigh  unto  Joshua  in 
Gilgal :  and  Caleb  the  son  of  Jephunneh  the  Kcnizzitc  said  unto 
him.  Thou  knowest  the  thing  that  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses 

"Chiefly  E:   Smend. 

•'  E:  Di.,  Dr.,  Ho..  CU.,  So.,  Pr.,  GFM.,  St..  Smond  (with  some  J").  This  is  one  of  the 
very  few  passagea  unaniinoualy  assigned  to  E  in  Josh, 


198  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH    [  Josh.  14« 

the  man  of  God  concerning  me  and  concerning  thee  in  Kadesh- 
barnea.  7  Forty  years  old  was  I  when  Moses  the  servant  of 
Jehovah  sent  me  from  Kadesh-barnea  to  spy  out  the  land; 
and  I  brought  him  word  again  as  it  was  in  my  heart.  8  Never- 
theless my  brethren  that  went  up  with  me  made  the  heart  of 
the  people  melt;  but  I  wholly  followed  Jehovah  my  God. 
9  And  Moses  sware  on  that  day,  saying,  Surely  the  land  where- 
on thy  foot  hath  trodden  shall  be  an  inheritance  to  thee  and 
to  thy  children  for  ever,  because  thou  hast  wholly  followed 
Jehovah  my  God.  10  And  now,  behold,  Jehovah  hath  kept 
me  alive,  as  he  spake,  these  forty  and  five  years,  from  the  time 
that  Jehovah  spake  this  word  unto  Moses,  while  Israel  walked 
in  the  wilderness:  and  now,  lo,  I  am  this  day  fourscore  and 
five  years  old.  11  As  yet  I  am  as  strong  this  day  as  I  was  in 
the  day  that  Moses  sent  me :  as  my  strength  was  then,  even  so 
is  my  strength  now,  for  war,  and  to  go  out  and  to  come  in, 
12  Now  therefore  give  me  this  hill-country,  whereof  Jehovah 
spake  in  that  day;  for  thou  heardest  in  that  day  how  the 
Anakim  were  there,  and  cities  great  and  fortified:  it  may  be 
that  Jehovah  will  be  with  me,  and  I  shall  drive  them  out,  as 
Jehovah  spake. 

13  And  Joshua  blessed  him ;  and  he  gave  Hebron  unto  Caleb 
the  son  of  Jephunneh  for  an  inheritance.  14  Therefore  Hebron 
became  the  inheritance  of  Caleb  the  son  of  Jephunneh  the 
Kenizzite  unto  this  day;  because  that  he  wholly  followed  Je- 
hovah, the  God  of  Israel,  15*  Now  the  name  of  Hebron  before- 
time  was  Kiriath-arba ;  which  Arha  was  the  greatest  man  among 
the  Anakim. 

66.  JE  The  Lot  of  Joseph.     J61.     P91. 
Josh.  161-3-9 

1  And  the  lot  came  out  for  the  children  of  Joseph  from  the 
Jordan  at  Jericho,  at  the  waters  of  Jericho  on  the  east,  even  the 
wilderness,  going  up  from  Jericho  through  the  hill-country  to 
Beth-el;  2  and  it  went  out  from  Beth-el  to  Luz,  and  passed 
along  unto  the  border  of  the  Archites  to  Ataroth;  3  and  it 
went  down  westward  to  the  border  of  the  Japhletites,  unto  the 
border  of  Beth-horon  the  nether,  even  unto  Gezer;  and  the 
goings  out  thereof  were  at  the  sea;  9  together  with  the  cities 
which  were  set  apart  for  the  children  of  Ephraim  in  the  midst 
of  the  inheritance  of  the  children  of  Manasseh,  all  the  cities 
with  their  villages, 

67.  JE  The  Lot  of  Manasseh,    J54. 

Josh.   171b-2.8.10b 

lb  As  for  Machir  the  first-born  of  Manasseh,  the  father  of 


...19^9]  E65-69  (66,67  JE)  199 

Gilead,  because  he  was  a  man  of  war,  therefore  he  had  Gilead 
and  Bashan.  2  So  the  lot  was  for  the  rest  of  the  children  of 
Manasseh  according  to  their  famihes:  for  the  children  of 
Abiezer,  and  for  the  children  of  Helek,  and  for  the  children  of 
Asriel,  and  for  the  children  of  Shechem,  and  for  the  children 
of  Hepher,  and  for  the  children  of  Shcmida:  these  were  the 
male  children  of  Manasseh  the  son  of  Joseph  according  to 
their  families. 

8  The  land  of  Tappuah  belonged  to  Manasseh ;  but  Tappuah 
on  the  border  of  Manasseh  belonged  to  the  children  of  Ephraim. 
10b  And  they  reached  to  Asher  on  the  north  and  to  Issachar 
on  the  east. 

68.  E  The  Lots  of  Seven  Tribes. 
Josh.  182-6-8-10 

2  And  there  remained  among  the  children  of  Israel  seven 
tribes,  which  had  not  yet  divided  their  inheritance.  3  And 
Joshua  said  unto  the  children  of  Israel,  How  long  are  ye  slack 
to  go  in  to  possess  the  land,  which  Jehovah,  the  God  of  your 
fathers,  hath  given  you?  4  Appoint  for  you  three  men  of  each 
tribe:  and  I  will  send  them,  and  they  shall  arise,  and  walk 
through  the  land,  and  describe  it  according  to  their  inheritance ; 
and  they  shall  come  unto  me.  5  And  they  shall  divide  it  into 
seven  portions:  Judah  shall  abide  in  his  border  on  the  south, 
and  the  house  of  Joseph  shall  abide  in  their  border  on  the  north. 
6  And  ye  shall  describe  the  land  into  seven  portions,  and  bring 
the  description  hither  to  me;  and  I  will  cast  lots  for  you  here 
before  Jehovah  our  God. 

8  And  the  men  arose,  and  went:  and  Joshua  charged  them 
that  went  to  describe  the  land,  saying,  Go  and  walk  through 
the  land,  and  describe  it,  and  come  again  to  me;  and  I  will 
cast  lots  for  you  here  before  Jehovah  in  Shiloh.  9  And  the 
men  went  and  passed  through  the  land,  and  described  it  by 
cities  into  seven  portions  in  a  book;  and  they  came  to  Joshua 
unto  the  camp  at  Shiloh.  10  And  Joshua  cast  lots  for  them  in 
Shiloh  before  Jehovah :  and  there  Joshua  divided  the  land  unto 
the  children  of  Israel  according  to  their  divisions. 

69.  E   Timnath-serah   of   Ephraim   the   Inheritance   of 

Joshua. 

Josh.  19<9-'^« 

49  So  they  made  an  end  of  distributing  the  land  for  in- 
heritance by  the  borders  thereof;  and  the  children  of  Israel 
gave  an  inheritance  to  Joshua  the  son  of  Nun  in  the  midst  of 

«8  Substantially  E:  Di.,  Ki.,  CH.,  GFM.,  Pr.    J^:  Kent.    D«:  St.    Others:  JE. 
«»E:  GFM.,  Co.,  Kent,  Pr.    JE:  Dr.7,  Ka.,  Ad.    D2:St.    P:  CH. 


200  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH  [  Josh.  19^9 

them:  50  according  to  the  commandment  of  Jehovah  they 
gave  him  the  city  which  he  asked,  even  Timnath-serah  in  the 
hill-country  of  Ephraim;  and  he  built  the  city,  and  dwelt 
therein. 

70.  E  Joshua's  Farewell  Address.    Josh.  242^;  cf.  Jg.  2^Rd. 

Josh.  241-28 

1  And  Joshua  gathered  all  the  tribes  of  Israel  to  Shechem, 
and  called  for  the  elders  of  Israel,  and  for  their  heads,  and  for 
their  judges,  and  for  their  officers;  and  they  presented  them- 
selves before  God.  2  And  Joshua  said  unto  all  the  people. 
Thus  saith  Jehovah,  the  God  of  Israel,  Your  fathers  dwelt  of 
old  time  beyond  the  River,  even  Terah,  the  father  of  Abraham, 
and  the  father  of  Nahor:  and  they  served  other  gods.  3  And 
I  took  your  father  Abraham  from  beyond  the  River,  and  led 
him  throughout  all  the  land  of  Canaan,  and  multiplied  his 
seed,  and  gave  him  Isaac.  4  And  I  gave  unto  Isaac  Jacob  and 
Esau:  and  I  gave  unto  Esau  mount  Seir,  to  possess  it;  and 
Jacob  and  his  children  went  down  into  Egypt.  5  And  I  sent 
Moses  and  Aaron,  and  I  plagued  Egypt,  according  to  that 
which  I  did  in  the  midst  thereof :  and  afterward  I  brought  you 
out.  6  And  I  brought  your  fathers  out  of  Egypt:  and  ye 
came  unto  the  sea;  and  the  Egyptians  pursued  after  your 
fathers  with  chariots  and  with  horsemen  unto  the  Red  Sea. 
7  And  when  they  cried  out  unto  Jehovah,  he  put  darkness 
between  you  and  the  Egyptians,  and  brought  the  sea  upon 
them,  and  covered  them:  and  your  eyes  saw  what  I  did  in 
Egypt:  and  ye  dwelt  in  the  wilderness  many  days.  8  And  I 
brought  you  into  the  land  of  the  Amorites,  that  dwelt  beyond 
the  Jordan:  and  they  fought  with  you;  and  I  gave  them  into 
your  hand,  and  ye  possessed  their  land ;  and  I  destroyed  them 
from  before  you.  9  Then  Balak  the  son  of  Zippor,  king  of 
Moab,  arose  and  fought  against  Israel :  and  he  sent  and  called 
Balaam  the  son  of  Beor  to  curse  you;  10  but  I  would  not 
hearken  unto  Balaam;  therefore  he  blessed  you  still:  so  I  de- 
Uvered  you  out  of  his  hand.  11  And  ye  went  over  the  Jordan, 
and  came  unto  Jericho :  and  the  men  of  Jericho  fought  against 
you,  the  Amorite,  and  the  Perizzite,  and  the  Canaanite,  and  the  Hit- 
tite,  and  the  Girgashite,  the  Hivite,  and  the  Jebusite;  and  I  delivered 
them  into  your  hand.     12  And  I  sent  the  hornet  before  you, 

'"  Scholars  are  unanimous  in  assigning  Josh.  24  to  E,  except  that  Smend  finds  a  few 
traces  of  J. — The  original  scene  of  the  giving  of  the  laws  of  CC  may  have  been  just  before 
or  after  v.  25  (cf.  E24,  Introductory  Note). 

Joshua's  address  is  held  by  many  to  presuppose  the  fall  of  Samaria  721  (v.  20)  as  E27, 
q.  V.    This  would  mean  that  the  chapter  belongs  to  E^. 

We.  points  out  that  the  characteristic  pecuharities  of  E  are  abundant:  the  name 
"Amorites"  for  the  early  inhabitants  of  Palestine;  Shechem  as  a  holy  place  of  assembly; 
Joshua  as  a  second  Moses;  strong  consciousness  of  the  uniqueness  of  Israehtic  religion 
(concept  of  heathendom) ;  massebah  in  Shechem  treated  as  a  memorial  sign. 


...2428  ]  E69-70  201 

which  drove  them  out  from  before  you,  even  the  two  kings  of 
the  Amorites;  not  with  thy  sword,  nor  with  thy  bow.  13  And 
I  gave  you  a  lan(i  wheroon  thou  hadst  not  labored,  and  cities  which 
ye  built  not,  and  ye  dwell  therein;  of  vineyards  and  oliveyards  which 
ye  planted  not  do  ye  eat. 

14  Now  therefore  fear  Jehovah,  and  serve  him  in  sincerity 
and  in  truth;  and  put  away  the  gods  which  your  fathers 
served  beyond  the  River,  and  in  Egypt;  and  serve  ye  Jeho- 
vah. 15  And  if  it  s(;em  evil  unto  you  to  serve  Jehovah,  choose 
you  this  day  whom  ye  will  serve ;  whether  the  gods  which  your 
fathers  served  that  were  b(yond  the  liiver,  or  the  gods  of  the 
Amoritcs,  in  whose  land  ye  dwell :  but  as  for  me  and  my  house, 
we  will  serve  Jehovah. 

16  And  the  people  answered  and  said.  Far  be  it  from  us  that 
we  should  forsake  Jehovah,  to  serve  other  gods;  17  for  Jeho- 
vah our  God,  he  it  is  that  brought  us  and  our  fathers  up  out  of 
the  land  of  Egypt,  from  the  house  of  bondage,  and  that  did 
those  great  signs  in  our  sight,  and  preserved  us  in  all  the 
way  wherein  we  went,  and  among  all  the  peoples  through 
the  midst  of  whom  we  passed;  18  and  Jehovah  drove  out 
from  before  us  all  the  peoples,  even  the  Amorites  that  dwelt 
in  the  land :  therefore  we  also  will  serve  Jehovah ;  for  he  is  our 
God. 

19  And  Joshua  said  unto  the  people.  Ye  cannot  serve  Jeho- 
vah; for  he  is  a  holy  God;  he  is  a  jealous  God;  he  will  not 
forgive  your  transgression  nor  your  sins.  20  If  ye  forsake 
Jehovah,  and  serve  foreign  gods,  then  he  will  turn  and  do  you 
evil,  and  consume  you,  after  that  he  hath  done  you  good. 
21  And  the  people  said  unto  Joshua,  Nay;  but  we  will  serve 
Jehovah.  22  And  Joshua  said  unto  the  people.  Ye  are  wit- 
nesses against  yourselv(;s  that  ye  have  chosen  you  Jehovah,  to 
serve  him.  And  they  said.  We  are  witnesses.  23  Now 
therefore  put  away,  said  he,  the  foreign  gods  which  ar(>  among 
you,  and  incline  your  heart  unto  Jehovah,  the  God  of  Israel. 
24  And  the  people  said  unto  Joshua,  Jehovah  our  God  will 
we  serve,  and  unto  his  voice  will  we  hearken.  25  So  Joshua 
made  a  covenant  with  the  people  that  day,  and  set  them  a 
statute  and  an  ordinance  in  Shechem.  26  And  Joshua  wrote 
these  words  in  the  book  of  the  law  of  God ;  and  he  took  a  great 
stone,  and  set  it  up  there  imder  the  oak  that  was  by  the  sanc- 
tuary of  Jehovah.  27  And  Joshua  said  unto  all  the  people, 
Behold,  this  stone  shall  l)e  a  witness  against  us;  for  it  hath 
heard  all  the  words  of  Jehovah  which  he  spake  unto  us:  it 
shall  be  therefore  a  witness  against  you,  lest  ye  deny  your 
God.  28  So  Joshua  sent  the  people  away,  every  man  unto  his 
inheritance. 


202  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH    [  Josh.24  29-33 

71.  E  The  Death  of  Joshua.     Jg.  28-9<"   Rd. 
Josh.  2429-30(31) 

29  And  it  came  to  pass  after  these  things,  that  Joshua  the 
son  of  Nun,  the  servant  of  Jehovah,  died,  being  a  hundred  and 
ten  years  old.  30  And  they  buried  him  in  the  border  of  his 
inheritance  in  Timnath-serah,  which  is  in  the  hill-country  of 
Ephraim,  on  the  north  of  the  mountain  of  Gaash.  31  And 
Israel  served  Jehovah  all  the  days  of  Joshua,  and  all  the  days  of  the 
elders  that  outlived  Joshua,  and  had  known  all  the  work  of  Jehovah, 
that  he  had  wrought  for  Israel. 

72.  E  Joseph  Buried  in  Shechem.     E3xiii,  6  (Gn.  50"). 
Josh.  2432 

32  And  the  bones  of  Joseph,  which  the  children  of  Israel 
brought  up  out  of  Egypt,  buried  they  in  Shechem,  in  the 
parcel  of  ground  which  Jacob  bought  of  the  sons  of  Hamor 
the  father  of  Shechem  for  a  hundred  pieces  of  money :  and  they 
became  the  inheritance  of  the  children  of  Joseph. 

73.  E  The  Death  of  Eleazar.     E48. 
Josh.  2433 

33  And  Eleazar  the  son  of  Aaron  died ;  and  they  buried  him 
in  the  hill  of  Phinehas  his  son,  which  was  given  him  in  the  hill- 
country  of  Ephraim. 


CHAPTER  III 
P:  THE  PRIESTLY  CODE 
1.  Literary  Characteristics. 

P  is  far  less  in  need  of  an  explanatory  introduction  than  is 
J  or  E.  Its  characteristics  impress  themselves  at  once  on  every 
reader.  No  page,  no  verse,  of  P  (with  few  exceptions)  could 
be  taken  for  J  or  E.  If  any  body  of  literature  ever  bore  on  its 
face  the  marks  of  belonging  together,  it  is  the  priestly  code. 
Eerdmans  was  strategic  in  his  method  of  attack;  if  P  can  be 
unflermincd,  then,  indeed,  modern  literary  and  historical  criti- 
cism is  hopelessly  in  error. 

a.  Is  P  a  Literary  Unity? 

There  is  great  unanimity  among  critics  with  reference  to  the 
unity  of  P.  The  literature  in  this  collection  of  history  and 
laws  is  a  unity  in  the  spiritual  sense — it  embodies  unified  ideals 
and  uses  a  unified  stereotyped  vocabulary;  but  in  the  sense  of 
being  written  by  one  author  or  at  one  time,  it  is  certainly  not  a 
unity  (so  all,  even  Driver).  It  is,  rather,  like  a  law  book  that 
has  been  amended  by  successive  sessions  of  a  legislature,  with- 
out any  indication  as  to  when  or  by  whom  the  amendments 
were  made. 

Practically  all  critics  since  Wellhausen  and  Kuenen  dis- 
tinguish at  least  four  separate  strata  in  P:  (1)  Ph  or  H,  the 
Code  of  Holiness  Lv.  17-26,  and  a  few  other  passages;  (2)  Pg, 
the  ''Grundschrift" — the  basic  document — the  backbone  of  the 
main  structure;  (3)  Ps,  numerous  later  additions  to  Pg; 
(4)  Rp,  the  work  of  the  final  redactor  of  the  Hexateuch,  who 
combined  JED  with  P  in  the  spirit  of  P  and  made  such  altera- 
tions and  additions  as  to  create  a  final  unity  out  of  the  entire 
composition. 

In  the  following  text  the  attempt  is  not  made  to  distinguish 
the  strata  of  Pg,  Ps,  and  Rp;  partly  because  of  differences  of 

203 


204  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH 

opinion  among  critics  as  to  the  exact  separation,  but  chiefly 
because  such  distinctions  are  relatively  unimportant. 

Recent  writers  are,  however,  tending  to  magnify  the  function 
of  Rp.  For  example,  the  famous  formula  "These  are  the  gen- 
erations of,"  and  the  entire  chronological  scheme  are  made  a 
later  addition  of  Rp,  not  merely  by  Eerdmans,  but  also  by 
Smend  and  Eichrodt  (Sellin  is  also  impressed  by  the  argu- 
ments). But  there  is  as  yet  no  consensus  regarding  this  hy- 
pothesis. 

b.  The  Extent  of  P. 

All  are  agreed  that  P  begins  with  the  creation  in  Gn.  1,  and 
extends  through  the  conquest  of  Canaan  in  Josh. 

c.  The  Literary  Style  of  P. 

The  style  of  P  is  very  marked  and  is  entirely  different  from 
that  of  J  or  E.  It  is  formal,  repetitious,  precise,  abstract  in 
descriptions  of  Deity,  yet  minutely  concrete  in  descriptions  of 
objects,  such  as  the  tabernacle;  legal,  statistical,  but  usually 
dignified  and  elevated,  and  sometimes  subHme,  as  in  Gn.  1. 
It  is  characterized  by  interest  in  genealogy.  "There  is  a 
tendency  to  describe  an  object  in  full  each  time  that  it  is  men- 
tioned; a  direction  is  followed,  as  a  rule,  by  an  account  of  its 
execution,  usually  in  the  same  words.  Sometimes  the  circum- 
stantiality leads  to  diffuseness,  as  in  parts  of  Nu.  1-4  and  (an 
extreme  case)  Nu.  7"  (Driver). 

P  is  a  literalist.  "Metaphors,  similes,  etc.,  are  eschewed 
(Nu.  21^''^  is  an  exception)  and  there  is  generally  an  absence  of 
the  poetical  or  dramatic  element"  (Driver). 

The  factor  of  "learned"  editing,  of  fitting  everything  into  a 
theory  about  the  past,  is  far  more  highly  developed  in  P  than 
in  E  (Steuernagel). 

d.  P's  Peculiarities  in  the  Use  of  Proper  Names. 
Generally  P  shows  himself  dependent  on  JE  where  he  is 

dealing  with  the  same  persons  or  places. 

However,  a  few  peculiarities  may  be  noted.  He  always 
prefers  the  expression  "land  of  Canaan"  or  Egypt;  he  speaks 
of  Sinai  (with  J),  not  Horeb  (E,  D) ;  up  to  Gn.  17  he  uses  the 
forms  "Abram"  and  "Sarai" ;  the  original  home  of  the  Hebrews 
he  only  calls  Paddan  Aram  (vs.  Aram  Naharaim  J).    P  alone 


PRIESTLY  CODE  205 

tells  us  that  Ur  of  the  Chaldees  was  Abraham's  city.  With 
reference  to  the  divine  name,  he  follows  the  usage  of  E  rather 
than  J ;  but  also  frequently  employs  the  name  "God  Almighty" 
(El  Shaddai)  which  is  in  J  Gn.  49^^  Nu.  244i«. 

e.  Characteristic  Words  and  Expressions. 

Driver  lists  50  characteristic  expressions  of  P;  McNeile  33. 
It  would  be  superiiuous  to  attempt  here  a  complete  list.  Some 
of  the  more  important  words  and  expressions  are  (following 
McNeile) :  anoint,  atonement,  burn,  between  the  two  evenings, 
congregation  (of  the  Israel  of  the  exodus  in  H  and  P  115  t., 
never  elsewhere) ,  dwell,  dwelling,  everlasting  ordinance,  families 
(after  your  or  their)  generations,  glory  of  Jehovah,  heave, 
holy,  holiness,  hosts,  incense,  offer,  priest  (act  as  a),  prince. 
Sabbatic  observance  (tr.  solemn  rest,  of.  P  29:  Ex.  16  ^3),  this 
self-same  day,  soul  (in  sense  of  person :  in  P  nearly  100  t.,  not 
in  J  or  E),  strange  (in  sense  of  one  who  does  not  belong  to  the 
tribe  or  family  of  the  priests ;  or  used  of  things  not  ritually  cor- 
rect), swarm,  testimony,  tribe  (literally,  staff:  150  t.  in  P,  23  t. 
in  1  Ch.,  never  in  JED). 

The  force  of  these  stylistic  criteria  is  seen  the  more  clearly 
when  one  considers  that  many  of  P's  peculiar  terms  are  found 
outside  the  Pentateuch  almost  wholly  in  Ezekiel  (exilic)  and 
Chronicles  (post-exilic).  For  instance.  Driver  points  out  that 
the  ancient  form  of  the  personal  pronoun,  first  person  singular 
— anoki — is  to  be  found  in  P  only  in  Gn.  23^,  and  in  Ez.  only 
in  36^^;  whereas  the  later  form — ani — is  found  in  every  other 
instance  in  P  and  Ez.,  and  also  in  the  later  literature  in  general, 
such  as  Lam.,  Hag.,  Zech.  1-8,  Chron.,  Ezra,  Nch.,  Esther, 
Eccl.,  Dn.  In  all  this  material  anoki  occurs  only  Neh.  P, 
Dn.  1011,  1  Ch.  171  (from  2S.  70-  The  ancient  form  {ani)  is 
always  used  by  JE. 

2.  Characteristic  Ideas. 

a.  Aim  of  P. 

P  has  a  single  aim:  to  teach  the  ritual  law,  with  its  divine 
historical  sanctions.  P  has,  indeed,  a  brief  outline  narrative 
of  the  nation's  history  from  the  creation  to  Joshua;  but  the 
only  function  of  the  history  is  to  provide  the  framework  for 


206  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH 

the  establishing  of  ritual  and  legal  institutions.    P  "wishes  to 
give  only  a  history  of  the  cultus"  (Sellin). 

P  is  distinctively  the  priestly  code,  written  in  the  interests 
of  the  priestly  class,  its  functions,  its  prerogatives,  and  its 
perquisites.  P  was  perhaps  written  as  a  book  for  the  people 
rather  than  for  the  priests  (Wurster,  Cornill) ;  it  was  none  the 
less  dominated  by  priestly  ideals.  Bacon  was  right  in  saying 
that  it  is  concerned  with  the  hierocracy  rather  than  with  the 
theocracy,  as  in  E. 

b.  Characteristic  Religious  Ideas. 

P  starts  from  the  dominating  idea  of  the  absoluteness  of 
God  (Holzinger,  Eichrodt).  God  is  more  transcendent,  less 
anthropomorphic  than  in  E.  He  speaks  and  it  is  done.  Not 
only  does  P  avoid  all  anthropomorphisms  and  all  idolatry; 
but  even  all  holy  places  (except  the  temple) — all  sacred  springs, 
trees,  asherahs,  massebahs — are  excluded.  Not  even  angels  are 
mentioned;  a  fact  which  Steuemagel  ascribes  to  an  opposition 
to  the  cult  of  angels. 

God  "appears,"  but  never  in  material  form  (in  spite  of  Gn. 
j26f.  giff.  96)^  jjQ^  even  in  dreams.  The  theophany  is  a  "glory," 
a  supernatural  light  Ex.  24^^^-  Z4:^^-^^.  Dillmann  says  that 
anthropopathic  expressions  are  always  scrupulously  avoided  by 
P.  Gn.  2^-^  and  Ex.  SV^  are  P's  nearest  approach  to  anthro- 
pomorphism. 

P's  ideal  of  religion  is  to  follow  the  divine  commands  in  blind 
obedience  (Eichrodt),  fulfilling  the  enormously  complicated  re- 
quirements of  the  ritual  law. 

c.  Characteristic  Ethical  Ideas. 

P's  interest  lies  in  forms  and  ceremonies,  not  in  the  moral 
life.  He  may,  as  Steuemagel  points  out,  insist  on  sin-offerings, 
and  behind  the  cultus  there  may  often  be  an  ethical  back- 
ground; but  it  is  background,  not  foreground. 

P  carries  further  E's  tendency  of  eliminating  the  morally 
offensive  from  the  stories  about  the  patriarchs.  They  are 
represented  as  being  models  of  good  behavior.  But  P  was 
more  interested  in  correct  deportment  than  he  was  in  inner 
righteousness. 

The  wider  religious  and  theological  bearing  of  the  ethical 


PRIESTLY  CODE  207 

life  had  no  interest  for  P.  Unlike  J,  he  does  not  inquire  about 
the  origin  of  evil;  unlike  Jeremiah  and  the  writer  of  Job,  he 
does  not  pause  to  reflect  on  ''the  justice  of  the  divine  govern- 
ment of  the  universe"  (Dillmann).  "In  the  circles  from  which 
the  priestly  law  book  comes  to  us,  the  spirituality  of  ethical 
religion,  and  the  idea  of  direct  relations  of  God  to  man,  seems 
to  have  died  out"  (Bacon). 

d.  Attitude  toward  Culture. 

For  P  there  was  no  culture  that  was  not  identical  with  his 
type  of  ceremonial  religion.  Historically,  P  performed  the 
function  of  protecting  Judaism  from  being  disintegrated  by  the 
influences  of  foreign,  especially  Hellenistic,  culture. 

e.  Attitude  toward  History. 

P  has  certain  very  definite  characteristic  historical  stand- 
points. In  the  main,  he  conceives  of  the  sacred  history  as 
divided  into  four  periods:  from  Adam  to  Noah,  from  Noah 
to  Abraham,  from  Abraham  to  Moses,  and  from  Moses  to 
Joshua.  Since  Wellhausen  it  has  been  customary  to  say  that 
P  introduces  each  of  these  periods  with  a  covenant,  so  that 
the  priestly  code  is  described  as  a  quattuor  foedorum  liber — a 
book  of  four  covenants. 

But  recent  writers — especially  Steuernagel,  Eerdmans,  and 
Eichrodt — point  out  that  there  is  in  P  no  trace  of  a  covenant 
in  the  strict  sense  either  at  the  creation  or  at  Sinai.  We  must 
speak,  then,  of  four  periods  (not  of  four  covenants),  as  follows: 

A.  From  the  creation  to  Noah. — No  covenant.  God  called 
Elohim. 

B.  From  Noah  to  Abraham. — Covenant  with  Noah,  affect- 
ing God's  relation  to  all  living  creatures;  the  rainbow,  God's 
covenant  token  Gn.  O^^-is^    Qq^j  called  Elohim. 

C.  From  Abraham  to  Moses. — Covenant  with  Abraham,  af- 
fecting God's  relation  to  Israel;  circumcision,  the  covenant 
token  Gn.  17  ii.  God  frequently  called  El  Shaddai  (God  Al- 
mighty). 

D.  From  Moses  to  Joshua. — No  new  covenant;  a  period  of 
fulfillment;  the  Sabbath,  the  characteristic  sign  Ex.  31  ^^ 
God  called  Jehovah. 

During  the  first  three,  the  pre-Mosaic,  periods,  P  holds  that 


208  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH 

there  was  no  cultus  whatever;  no  sacrifice,*  no  distinction  of 
clean  and  unclean,  no  priesthood,  no  mention  of  the  name 
"Jehovah."  The  reason  for  this  is  P's  theory  that  the  legiti- 
mate cultus  begins  with  Moses,  and  the  revelation  on  Sinai. 
Certain  customs  regarding  food  and  circumcision  were  sub- 
stantially the  only  religious  institutions  that  existed  in  the 
pre-Mosaic  period,  Eichrodt  points  out  that  these  involve 
neither  cultus  nor  piety. 

There  are  numerous  other  guiding  ideas  in  P's  interpretation 
of  history.  He  conceives  the  earliest  men  as  living  to  be  nine 
hundred  years  old,  or  even  older;  whereas  with  the  increase 
of  sin  in  the  world,  human  life  becomes  shorter.  He  magnifies 
the  priestly  element,  not  merely  by  assigning  a  complex 
ceremonial  legislation  to  the  sojourn  at  Sinai,  but  also  by 
giving  Aaron  and  his  sons  a  far  greater  part  than  did  the 
earlier  records,!  and  by  a  far  more  complicated  conception  of 
the  cultus  (day  of  atonement,  jubilees,  tabernacle). 

The  question  as  to  the  historical  truthfulness  of  P  has  been 
much  discussed.  There  is  no  doubt  that  P  in  many  instances  is 
guided  by  ancient  and  reliable  tradition,  perhaps  including 
some  true  data  not  found  in  J,  E,  or  D.  Driver  mentions  as 
proof  that  he  follows  tradition  "the  fact  that  even  where  it 
set  antiquity  in  an  imfavorable  light  he  still  does  not  shrink 
from  recording  it"  (Ex.  IG^  Lv.  lO^  Nu.  201224  Nu.  2713-i4).  But, 
on  the  whole,  P  does  not  tell  what  did  happen;  he  tells  what, 
in  view  of  his  ritualistic  theories  and  practices,  ought  to  have 
happened.  The  chronologies  are  plainly  based,  as  all  agree, 
not  on  fact,  but  on  a  highly  artificial  theory;  the  statistics 
attribute  impossible  numbers  to  the  Israelites  (as  in  Nu.  1-4) ; 
it  is  incredible  that  the  beautiful  and  sumptuous  tabernacle 
should  have  been  carried  about  for  forty  years  in  the  wilder- 
ness. Colenso's  attack  on  the  historicity  of  the  Pentateuch 
touched  P  almost  wholly,  and  was  "pulverizing"  (so  Kuenen, 
quoted  with  approval  by  Bacon). 

Bacon  says  that  in  P  "all  natural  relations  and  perspectives 


*  Hence  Noah  offers  sacrifice  in  the  prophetic,  non-ritualistic  J,  but  not  in  the  priestly, 
ritualistic  P.  Further,  in  P  Noah  takes  but  two  of  each  kind  into  the  ark,  thus  precluding 
sacrifice  of  any  kind  that  was  to  be  preserved;   whereas  in  J,  he  takes  seven  of  each  kind. 

t  Aaron  is  missing  from  J ;  and  is  only  incidental  in  E ;  in  Dt.  9'"  10«  326o. 


PRIESTLY  CODE  209 

of  time  and  space  are  utterly  lost  from  view.  .  .  .  This  writer 
no  longer  has  before  his  eyes  a  single  remnant  of  historical 
realism  and  moves  purely  in  an  artificial,  mechanical  world  of 
marvel."  Bacon  doubtless  overstates  the  case;  he  neglects  the 
possibility  of  certain  strata  of  ancient,  trustworthy  material 
in  P  (recognized  by  Eerdmans,  Sellin,  Gunkel,  Kittel,  Eichrodt, 
et  al.).  But,  on  the  whole,  the  resultant  critical  judgment  of 
P  is  expressed  in  Gunkel's  words,  to  the  effect  that  P  is  moved 
by  "the  spirit  of  an  orthodoxy  indifferent  to  history." 

3.  Home  of  Author. 

Substantially  all  critics  agree  that  the  home  of  P  was  in 
Babylonia.  The  priestly  writer  was  one  of  the  Jews  that  re- 
mained in  Babylonia  after  538,  when  many  of  the  exiles  re- 
turned. This  follows  from  the  critical  view  of  the  date  of  P 
as  500,  and  from  the  statements  in  Ezra  7^-^^-'^^,  Neh.  8',  which 
seem  to  imply  that  Ezra  brought  the  law  of  P  with  him  from 
Babylonia. 

4.  The  Date  of  P— 500. 

The  question  of  the  date  of  P  has  been  the  storm-center  of 
critical  discussion.  But  neither  Dillmann,  who  long  held  that 
P  was  pre-exilic  and  the  earliest  of  the  Hexateuchal  sources, 
nor  Eerdmans,  who  denies  the  existence  of  P  as  a  unity,  has  any 
appreciable  following.  That  P,  in  its  earliest  unified  form,  was 
written  about  500  is  an  assured  result  of  contemporary  criticism. 

a.  Evidence  for  the  terminus  ad  quern  of  the  Composition  of  P. 
The  evidence   is   overwhelming,   and   is  denied    by  no  one, 

that  the  books  of  Ezra  and  Nehemiah,  especially  Neh.  8-10, 
presuppose  the  existence  of  many  of  the  characteristic  provi- 
sions of  P.  Neh.  8'  is  dated  in  the  year  444.  It  is  also  gen- 
erally held  that  Ezra  7^  and  the  context  presupposes  that  the 
book  of  the  law  used  in  444  was  brought  by  Ezra  from  Baby- 
lon in  458;  but  there  are  varying  opinions  regarding  the  de- 
tailed chronology  of  this  period.  All  critics  agree  that  P  (Pg) 
arose  not  later  than  458. 

b.  Evidence  for  the  terminus  a  quo  of  the  Composition  of  P. 
i.  P  was  not  in  existence  before  the  exile. 


210  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH 

The  entire  evidence  of  the  historical  books  (except  Chron- 
icles, written  300,  based  on  P)  betrays  no  acquaintance  with  the 
characteristic  institutions  of  P.  The  ritual  practiced,  for  ex- 
ample, in  the  times  of  the  Judges  and  Samuel,  was  very  much 
simpler  than  that  of  P  and  entirely  different.  The  attitude  of 
the  prophets  toward  form  and  ceremony  could  not  have  been 
so  intensely  bitter  had  the  gorgeous  system  of  P  been  endowed 
with  the  authority  of  Moses;  passages  like  Jer.  7^^,  Ho.  6^, 
Amos  5^^  are  incompatible  with  the  existence  of  P.* 

ii.  P  is  later  than  Dt. 

Dt.  shows  no  acquaintance  with  the  characteristic  ideas,  his- 
torical conceptions,  or  ritual  institutions  of  P,  but  draws  en- 
tirely on  JE,  many  think  on  E  only.f  On  the  other  hand,  P 
presupposes  the  centralization  of  worship  established  by  Dt.^ 
and  in  every  respect  shows  a  more  complicated  organization  of 
priesthood  and  ritual. | 

iii.  P  is  later  than  Ez. 

Lv.  17-26  is  generally  recognized  as  older  than  the  main 
body  of  P;  and  H  is  very  closely  related  to  Ez.,  having  been 
written  entire,  or  in  part,  under  the  influence  of  Ezekiel.§ 
Vocabulary,  style,  religious  conceptions,  ideas  about  institu- 
tions and  the  priesthood  in  Ez.  are  remarkably  similar  in 
many  respects  to  corresponding  ideas  in  P.  At  the  same  time 
there  is  so  much  difference  in  detail  that  Ezekiel  could  not 
have  written  with  P  before  him.  (Proksch  alone  dissents, 
holding  that  the  earliest  form  of  P  was  written  about  600.) 
Since  Ezekiel's  literary  activity  ceased  about  570,  that  year 
is  our  terminus  a  quo. 

iv.  P  was  written  after  538. 

Had  P  been  in  existence  in  538  it  is  very  difficult  to  see  why 


*  Ho.  8'2  probably  points  to  the  existence  of  written  laws,  such  as  are  to  be  found  in 
J  and  E.  But  many  translate,  "Were  I  to  write  for  them  my  laws  by  myriads  they  would 
be  counted  as  a  strange  thing."  Cf.  the  anti-critical  case  in  W.  MoUer's  book.  Are  the 
Critics  Right? 

t  Only  "three  items  of  Dt.  unnamed  by  JE  are  found  in  P":   the  seventy  souls  of  Israel 
when  Jacob  went  down  into  Egypt;   the  construction  of  the  ark  of  acacia  wood;   and  the 
reckoning  of  the  spies  as  twelve  (Cornill,  Carpenter  and  Harford,  et  al.).     Even  Dillmann 
admits  that  this  would  not  prove  the  use  of  P  by  D. 
J  Carpenter  and  Harford  compare : 

Dt.  P 

18'  Lv.  7"  Nu.  189->i" 

1519  126.17  Nu.  18i'i2 

1422.28  Nu.    182'"-2«"-  Lv.   2732 

10»  Nu.  1820,  but  contrast  Nu.  35»-s. 

§  See  P42  H,  Introductory  Note. 


PRIESTLY  CODE  211 

it  was  not  carried  back  with  the  exiles,  and  used  as  the  basis 
of  the  restored  community. 

c.  The  Closer  Determination  of  the  Date  of  P. 

It  is  agreed  that  writers  during  the  period  538-458  knew 
nothing  of  the  laws  of  P  (cf.  Haggai,  Zechariah,  Malachi). 
Many  have  felt  that  Ezra,  "the  ready  scribe  in  the  law  of 
Moses,"  might  plausibly  be  viewed  as  the  writer  of  P,  but  the 
great  majority  incline  to  regard  this  as  psychologically  improb- 
able, and  to  date  P  shortly  before  Ezra,  that  is,  about  500. 
This  result  of  the  Graf-Wellhausen  school  is  accepted  by  all 
critics  to-day.  To  give  a  list  of  authorities  would  be  a  work  of 
supererogation.  It  would  include  all  the  authorities  consulted, 
save  Eerdmans,  Dillmann  (who  came  to  doubt  his  own  view — 
Smend).  and  Proksch  (who  dates  his  P^  about  600). 

5.  Relation  of  P  to  JE. 

It  is  the  almost  unanimous  opinion  of  critics  that  P  used 
JE.  So,  for  example,  Budde,  Holzinger,  Bacon,  Steuernagel, 
Smend,  Eichrodt,  and  almost  all  others.  Gunkel  alone  dis- 
sents, holding  that  P's  source  was  "neither  J  nor  E,  but  related 
to  them."  The  majority  opinion  inclines  to  hold  that  where 
J  and  E  differ,  P  usually  prefers  E,  the  more  ritualistic  and 
theocratic  of  the  two,  as  D  had  also  done.  Proksch  and  Steuer- 
nagel have  shown  that  P  follows  E  in  the  use  of  the  names 
"Elohim"  and  "Jehovah,"  in  the  prominence  of  Aaron  and  of 
Joshua,  in  such  features  as  the  tablets  of  the  law  and  the  tent 
of  meeting.  But  P  follows  J  in  using  the  name  "Sinai"  (vs. 
E  and  D),  in  associating  the  Passover  with  the  exodus,  and  in 
adopting  the  ancient  name  "El  Shaddai"  from  Gn.  49"^  (which 
also  appears  in  Gn.  43'^  Rp  in  E). 

The  majority  are  convinced  that  P  used  JE  and  no  other 
source  either  oral  or  written  (Bacon).  They  would  say  that 
where  P  adds  to  JE  he  draws  on  his  imagination  or  his  theories. 
But  there  is  now  an  increasing  tendency  to  recognize  ancient 
material  in  P,  based  on  previously  existing  oral  or  written  sources 
(Kittel,  Sellin,  Eerdmans,  Eichrodt,  Proksch,  Steuernagel). 

The  work  of  the  future  is  the  historical  and  religious  inter- 
pretation of  the  documents. 


212  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH        [  Gn.  P 

THE  TEXT  OF  P 

A.  From  the  creation  to  Noah  (no  covenant :  God  called 
Elohim). 

1.  The  Creation:  "the  Generations  of  the  Heavens  and 
OF  THE  Earth,"     Jl. 

Gn.  11-2^=^ 
1  In  the  beginning  God  created  the  heavens  and  the  earth. 
•*  2  And  the  earth  was  waste  and  void;  and  darkness  was 
upon  the  face  of  the  deep:  and  the  Spirit  of  God  moved  upon 
the  face  of  the  waters.  3  And  God  said,  Let  there  be  hght: 
and  there  was  hght.  4  And  God  saw  the  hght,  that  it  was 
good:  and  God  divided  the  hght  from  the  darkness.  5  And 
God  called  the  light  Day,  and  the  darkness  he  called  Night. 
And  there  was  evening  and  there  was  morning,  one  day. 

6  And  God  said.  Let  there  be  a  firmament  in  the  midst  of 
the  waters,  and  let  it  divide  the  waters  from  the  waters.  7  And 
God  made  the  firmament,  and  divided  the  waters  which  were 
under  the  firmament  from  the  waters  which  were  above  the 
firmament:  and  it  was  so.  8  And  God  called  the  firmament 
Heaven.  And  there  was  evening  and  there  was  morning,  a 
second  day. 

9  And  God  said.  Let  the  waters  under  the  heavens  be  gath- 
ered together  unto  one  place,  and  let  the  dry  land  appear: 
and  it  was  so.  10  And  God  called  the  dry  land  Earth;  and 
the  gathering  together  of  the  waters  called  he  Seas:  and  God 
saw  that  it  was  good.  11  And  God  said.  Let  the  earth  put 
forth  grass,  herbs  yielding  seed,  and  fruit-trees  bearing  fruit 
after  their  kind,  wherein  is  the  seed  thereof,  upon  the  earth: 
and  it  was  so.  12  And  the  earth  brought  forth  grass,  herbs 
yielding  seed  after  their  kind,  and  trees  bearing  fruit,  wherein 
is  the  seed  thereof,  after  their  kind:  and  God  saw  that  it  was 
good.  13  And  there  was  evening  and  there  was  morning,  a 
third  day. 

14  And  God  said.  Let  there  be  lights  in  the  firmament  of 
heaven  to  divide  the  day  from  the  night;  and  let  them  be  for 
signs,  and  for  seasons,  and  for  days  and  years:  15  and  let 
them  be  for  lights  in  the  firmament  of  heaven  to  give  light 
upon  the  earth:  and  it  was  so.  16  And  God  made  the  two 
great  lights;  the  greater  light  to  rule  the  day,  and  the  lesser 
light  to  rule  the  night:  he  made  the  stars  also.  17  And  God 
set  them  in  the  firmament  of  heaven  to  give  hght  upon  the 


»  2':  institution  of  the  Sabbath.  Cf.  E23:  Ex.  20»i  Rp.  Several  critics  hold  that  2^^ 
originally  preceded  1',  as  a  heading,  but  Smend  calls  this  more  than  doubtful.  Some 
recent  critics  view  all  the  references  to  "generations"  in  P  as  later  redaction. 


-2^  ]  PI  213 

earth,  18  and  to  rule  over  the  day  and  over  the  night,  and  to 
divide  the  light  from  the  darkness:  and  God  saw  that  it  was 
good.  19  And  there  was  evening  and  there  was  morning,  a 
fourth  day. 

20  And  God  said.  Let  the  waters  swarm  with  swarms  of 
hving  creatures,  and  let  birds  fly  above  the  earth  in  the  open 
firmament  of  heaven.  21  And  God  created  the  great  sea- 
monsters,  and  every  living  creature  that  moveth,  wherewith 
the  waters  swarmed,  after  their  kind,  and  every  winged  bird 
after  its  kind:  and  God  saw  that  it  was  good.  22  And  God 
blessed  them,  saying.  Be  fruitful,  and  multiply,  and  fill  the 
waters  in  the  seas,  and  let  birds  multiply  on  the  earth.  23  And 
there  was  evening  and  there  was  morning,  a  fifth  day. 

24  And  God  said.  Let  the  earth  bring  forth  living  creatures 
after  their  kind,  cattle,  and  creeping  things,  and  beasts  of  the 
earth  after  their  kind:  and  it  was  so.  25  And  God  made  the 
beasts  of  the  earth  after  their  kind,  and  the  cattle  after  their 
kind,  and  everything  that  creepeth  upon  the  ground  after  its 
kind:  and  God  saw  that  it  was  good.  26  And  God  said.  Let 
us  make  man  in  our  image,  after  our  likeness:  and  let  them 
have  dominion  over  the  fish  of  the  sea,  and  over  the  birds  of 
the  heavens,  and  over  the  cattle,  and  over  all  the  earth,  and 
over  every  creeping  thing  that  creepeth  upon  the  earth.  27  And 
God  created  man  in  his  own  image,  in  the  image  of  God  created 
he  him;  male  and  female  created  he  them.  28  And  God 
blessed  them:  and  God  said  unto  them,  Be  fruitful,  and  mul- 
tiply, and  replenish  the  earth,  and  subdue  it;  and  have  do- 
minion over  the  fish  of  the  sea,  and  over  the  birds  of  the  heav- 
ens, and  over  every  living  thing  that  moveth  upon  the  earth. 
29  And  God  said,  Behold,  I  have  given  you  every  herb  yielding 
seed,  which  is  u};on  the  face  of  all  the  earth,  and  every  tree,  in 
which  is  the  fruit  of  a  tree  yielding  seed;  to  you  it  shall  be  for 
food:  30  and  to  every  beast  of  the  earth,  and  to  every  bird 
of  the  heavens,  and  to  everything  that  creepeth  upon  the 
earth,  wherein  there  is  life,  I  have  given  every  green  herb  for 
food:  and  it  was  so.  31  And  God  saw  everything  that  he  had 
made,  and,  behold,  it  was  very  good.  And  there  was  evening 
and  there  was  morning,  the  sixth  day. 
o      And  the  h(>av(»ns  and  the  earth  were  finished,  and  all  the 

host  of  thom.  2  And  on  the  seventh  day  God  finished  his 
work  which  he  had  made;  and  he  rested  on  the  seventh  day 
from  all  his  work  which  he  had  made.  3  And  God  blessed 
the  seventh  day,  and  hallowed  it;  because  that  in  it  he  rested 
from  all  his  work  which  God  liad  created  and  made. 

4a  These  are  the  generations  of  the  heavens  and  of  the 
earth  when  they  were  created. 


214  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH        [  Gn.  5' 

2.  "The  Book  of  the  Generations  of  Adam."    J6. 

Gn.   51-28  30-32 

1  This  is  the  book  of  the  generations  of  Adam.  In  the  day 
that  God  created  man,  in  the  hkeness  of  God  made  he  him; 

2  male  and  female  created  he  them,  and  blessed  them,  and 
called  their  name  Adam,  in  the  day  when  they  were  created. 

3  And  Adam  lived  a  hundred  and  thirty  years,  and  begat  a 
son  in  his  own  likeness,  after  his  image;  and  called  his  name 
Seth :  4  and  the  days  of  Adam  after  he  begat  Seth  were  eight 
hundred  years:  and  he  begat  sons  and  daughters.  5  And  all 
the  days  that  Adam  lived  were  nine  hundred  and  thirty  years : 
and  he  died. 

6  And  Seth  lived  a  hundred  and  five  years,  and  begat  Enosh : 
7  and  Seth  lived  after  he  begat  Enosh  eight  hundred  and 
seven  years,  and  begat  sons  and  daughters:  8  and  all  the 
days  of  Seth  were  nine  hundred  and  twelve  years:  and  he 
died. 

9  And  Enosh  lived  ninety  years,  and  begat  Kenan :  10  and 
Enosh  lived  after  he  begat  Kenan  eight  hundred  and  fifteen 
years,  and  begat  sons  and  daughters:  11  and  all  the  days  of 
Enosh  were  nine  hundred  and  five  years :  and  he  died. 

12  And  Kenan  lived  seventy  years,  and  begat  Mahalalel: 
13  and  Kenan  lived  after  he  begat  Mahalalel  eight  hundred 
and  forty  years,  and  begat  sons  and  daughters:  14  and  all 
the  days  of  Kenan  were  nine  hundred  and  ten  years:  and  he 
died. 

15  And  Mahalalel  lived  sixty  and  five  years,  and  begat 
Jared:  16  and  Mahalalel  lived  after  he  begat  Jared  eight 
hundred  and  thirty  years,  and  begat  sons  and  daughters: 
17  and  all  the  days  of  Mahalalel  were  eight  hundred  ninety 
and  five  years :  and  he  died. 

18  And  Jared  lived  a  hundred  sixty  and  two  years,  and 
begat  Enoch:  19  and  Jared  lived  after  he  begat  Enoch  eight 
hundred  years,  and  begat  sons  and  daughters:  20  and  all  the 
days  of  Jared  were  nine  hundred  sixty  and  two  years:  and  he 
died. 

21  And  Enoch  lived  sixty  and  five  years,  and  begat  Methu- 
selah :  22  and  Enoch  walked  with  God  after  he  begat  Methu- 
selah three  hundred  years,  and  begat  sons  and  daughters: 
23  and  all  the  days  of  Enoch  were  three  hundred  sixty  and 
five  years :  24  and  Enoch  walked  with  God :  and  he  was  not ; 
for  God  took  him. 

25  And  Methuselah  lived  a  hundred  eighty  and  seven  years, 
and  begat  Lamech:    26  and  Methuselah  lived  after  he  begat 

2vv.  22,  24  are  interpreted  by  Eerd.  as  ancient  polytheism.  But  others  reject  this; 
cf.  the  monotheistic  passage  J13ix;  Gji.  18"  (Ho,,  EicJu-.  at  al.), 


...617  ]  P2-3iii  215 

Lamech  seven  hundred  eighty  and  two  years,  and  begat  sons 
and  daughters:  27  and  all  the  days  of  Methuselah  were  nine 
hundred  sixty  and  nine;  years :  and  he  died. 

28  And  Lamech  lived  a  hundred  eighty  and  two  years,  and 
begat  a  son.  30  And  Lamech  lived  after  he  begat  Noah  five 
hundred  ninety  and  five  years,  and  begat  sons  and  daughters: 
31  And  all  the  days  of  Lamech  were  seven  hundred  seventy 
and  seven  years :  and  he  died. 

32  And  Noah  was  five  hundred  years  old:  and  Noah  begat 
Shcm,  Ham,  and  Japheth. 

B.  From  Noah  to  Abraham  (introduced  by  a  covenant 
affecting  all  living  creatures,  with  the  rainbow  as 
token:  God  called  Elohim). 

3.  "The  Generations  of  Noah." 

3i.  Noah  and  His  Sons.     J7. 

Gn.  6^-10 

9  These  are  the  generations  of  Noah.  Noah  was  a  righteous 
man,  and  perfect  in  his  generations:  Noah  walked  with  God. 
10  And  Noah  begat  three  sons,  Shem,  Ham,  and  Japheth. 

3ii.  The  Sinfulness  of  the  Earth.     J9. 

Gn.  6"-i2 

11  And  the  earth  was  corrupt  before  God,  and  the  earth 
was  filled  with  violence.  12  And  God  saw  the  earth,  and, 
behold  it  was  corrupt;  for  all  flesh  had  corrupted  their  way 
upon  the  earth. 

3iii.  The  Story  of  the  Deluge.     J9. 

Gn     G^**"^^   ye. 11. 13-16.a. 17a. 18-21.24   gl-2a.3b-5. 13a. 14-19 

6'^  And  God  said  unto  Noah,  The  end  of  all  flesh  is  come 
before  me;  for  the  earth  is  filled  with  violence  through  them; 
and,  behold,  I  will  destroy  them  with  the  earth.  14  Make 
thee  an  ark  of  gopher  wood;  rooms  shalt  thou  make  in  the 
ark,  and  shalt  pitch  it  within  and  without  with  pitch.  15  And 
this  is  how  thou  shalt  make  it:  the  length  of  the  ark  three 
hundred  cubits,  the  breadth  of  it  fifty  cubits,  and  the  height 
of  it  thirty  cubits.  16  A  light  shalt  thou  make  to  the  ark,  and 
to  a  cubit  shalt  thou  finish  it  upward ;  and  the  door  of  the  ark 
shalt  thou  set  in  the  side  thereof;  with  lower,  second,  and 
third  stories  shalt  thou  make  it.  17  And  I,  behold,  I  do  bring 
the  flood  of  waters  upon  the  earth,  to  destroy  all  flesh,  wherein 

''■'  P  3iii  (and  PI)  arc  viewed  by  Eerd.  alone  as  pre-exilio.  Others,  however,  admit 
that  the  material  may  well  <'ome  from  a  pre-exilic  tradition,  although  it  surely  assumed 
its  present  form  after  the  exile, 


216  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH      [  Gn.  G^^ 

is  the  breath  of  life,  from  under  heaven;  everything  that  is  in 
the  earth  shall  die.  18  But  I  will  establish  my  covenant  with 
thee;  and  thou  shalt  come  into  the  ark,  th-ou,  and  thy  sons, 
and  thy  wife,  and  thy  sons'  wives  with  thee.  19  And  of  every 
living  thing  of  all  flesh,  two  of  every  sort  shalt  thou  bring  into 
the  ark,  to  keep  them  alive  with  thee ;  they  shall  be  male  and 
female.  20  Of  the  birds  after  their  kind,  and  of  the  cattle 
after  their  kind,  of  every  creeping  thing  of  the  ground  after  its 
kind,  two  of  every  sort  shall  come  unto  thee,  to  keep  them 
alive.  21  And  take  thou  unto  thee  of  all  food  that  is  eaten, 
and  gather  it  to  thee ;  and  it  shall  be  for  food  for  thee,  and  for 
them.  22  Thus  did  Noah;  according  to  all  that  God  com- 
manded him,  so  did  he. 

7^  And  Noah  was  six  hundred  years  old  when  the  flood  of 
waters  was  upon  the  earth.  11  In  the  six  hundredth  year  of 
Noah's  life,  in  the  second  month,  on  the  seventeenth  day  of 
the  month,  on  the  same  day  were  all  the  fountains  of  the  great 
deep  broken  up,  and  the  windows  of  heaven  were  opened. 
13  In  the  selfsame  day  entered  Noah,  and  Shem,  and  Ham, 
and  Japheth,  the  sons  of  Noah,  and  Noah's  wife,  and  the  three 
wives  of  his  sons  with  them,  into  the  ark;  14  they,  and  every 
beast  after  its  kind,  and  all  the  cattle  after  their  kind,  and 
every  creeping  thing  that  creepeth  upon  the  earth  after  its 
kind,  and  every  bird  after  its  kind,  every  bird  of  every  sort. 
15  And  they  went  in  unto  Noah  into  the  ark,  two  and  two  of 
all  flesh  wherein  is  the  breath  of  life.  16a  And  they  that  went 
in,  went  in  male  and  female  of  all  flesh,  as  God  commanded 
him. 

17a  And  the  flood  was  forty  days  upon  the  earth.  18  And 
the  waters  prevailed,  and  increased  greatly  upon  the  earth; 
and  the  ark  went  upon  the  face  of  the  waters.  19  And  the 
waters  prevailed  exceedingly  upon  the  earth;  and  all  the  high 
mountains  that  were  under  the  whole  heaven  were  covered. 
20  Fifteen  cubits  upward  did  the  waters  prevail;  and  the 
mountains  were  covered.  21  And  all  flesh  died  that  moved 
upon  the  earth,  both,  birds,  and  cattle,  and  beasts,  and  every 
creeping  thing  that  creepeth  upon  the  earth,  and  every  man. 
24  And  the  waters  prevailed  upon  the  earth  a  hundred  and 
fifty  days. 

Q  And  God  remembered  Noah,  and  all  the  beasts,  and  all 
^  the  cattle  that  were  with  him  in  the  ark:  and  God  made  a 
wind  to  pass  over  the  earth,  and  the  waters  assuaged;  2a  the 
fountains  also  of  the  deep  and  the  windows  of  heaven  were 
stopped.  3b  And  after  the  end  of  a  hundred  and  fifty  days 
the  waters  decreased.  4  And  the  ark  rested  in  the  seventh 
month,  on  the  seventeenth  day  of  the  month,  upon  the  moun- 


...911  ]  P3iii-iv  217 

tains  of  Ararat.  5  And  the  waters  decreased  continually  unto 
the  tenth  month :  in  the  tenth  month,  on  the  first  day  of  the 
month,  were  the  tops  of  the  mountains  seen.  13a  And  it  came 
to  pass  in  the  six  hundred  and  first  year,  in  the  first  month, 
the  first  day  of  the  month,  the  waters  were  dried  up  from  off 
the  earth.  14  And  in  the  second  month,  on  the  seven  and 
twentieth  day  of  the  month,  was  the  earth  dry.  15  And  God 
spake  unto  Noah,  saying,  16  Go  forth  from  the  ark,  thou, 
and  thy  wife,  and  thy  sons,  and  thy  sons'  wives  with  thee. 

17  Bring  forth  with  thee  every  living  thing  that  is  with  thee 
of  all  flesh,  both  birds,  and  cattle,  and  every  creeping  thing 
that  creepeth  upon  the  earth ;  that  they  may  breed  abundantly 
in  the  earth,  and  be  fruitful,  and  multiply  upon  the  earth. 

18  And  Noah  went  forth,  and  his  sons,  and  his  wife,  and  his 
sons'  wives  with  him:  19  every  beast,  every  creeping  thing, 
and  every  bird,  whatsoever  moveth  upon  the  earth,  after  their 
families,  went  forth  out  of  the  ark. 

3iv.  Covenant  with  Noah  :  Bow  of  Promise.    J9. 

Gn.  91-17 

1  And  God  blessed  Noah  and  his  sons,  and  said  unto  them, 
Be  fruitful,  and  multiply,  and  replenish  the  earth.  2  And  the 
fear  of  you  and  the  dreatl  of  you  shall  be  upon  every  beast  of 
the  earth,  and  upon  every  bird  of  the  heavens ;  with  all  where- 
with the  ground  teemeth,  and  all  the  fishes  of  the  sea,  into 
your  hand  are  they  delivered.  3  Every  moving  thing  that 
liveth  shall  be  food  for  you;  as  the  green  herb  have  I  given 
you  all.  4  But  flesh  with  the  life  thereof,  which  is  the  blood 
thereof,  shall  ye  not  eat.  5  And  surely  your  blood,  the  blood 
of  your  lives,  will  I  require;  at  the  hand  of  every  beast  will  I 
require  it :  and  at  the  hand  of  man,  even  at  the  hand  of  every 
man's  brother,  will  I  require  the  life  of  man.  6  Whoso  shed- 
doth  man's  blood,  by  man  shall  his  blood  be  shed:  for  in  the 
image  of  God  made  he  man.  7  And  you,  be  ye  fruitful,  and 
multiply;  bring  forth  abundantly  in  the  earth,  and  multiply 
therein. 

8  And  God  spake  unto  Noah,  and  to  his  sons  with  him,  say- 
ing, 9  And  I,  behold,  I  estal)lish  my  covenant  with  you,  and 
with  your  seed  after  you;  10  and  with  every  living  creature 
that  is  with  you,  the  birds,  the  cattle,  and  every  beast  of  the 
earth  with  you ;  of  all  that  go  out  of  the  ark,  even  every  beast 
of  the  earth.  11  And  I  will  establish  my  covenant  with  you; 
neither  shall  all  flesh  be  cut  off  any  more  by  the  waters  of  the 
flood;  neither  shall  there  any  more  be  a  flood  to  destroy  the 


''"  Ritual  proliibitioii  of  blood,  v.  4,  aud  of  murder,  v.  5.    v.  16  ia  regarded  by  Eerd.  as 
polytheistic;  U:  Eichr. 


218  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH      [  Gn.  Q^^ 

earth.  12  And  God  said,  This  is  the  token  of  the  covenant 
which  I  make  between  me  and  you  and  every  living  creature 
that  is  with  you,  for  perpetual  generations:  13  I  do  set  my 
bow  in  the  cloud,  and  it  shall  be  for  a  token  of  a  covenant 
between  me  and  the  earth.  14  And  it  shall  come  to  pass,  when 
I  bring  a  cloud  over  the  earth,  that  the  bow  shall  be  seen  in 
the  cloud,  15  and  I  will  remember  my  covenant,  which  is  be- 
tween me  and  you  and  every  living  creature  of  all  flesh;  and 
the  waters  shall  no  more  become  a  flood  to  destroy  all  flesh. 

16  And  the  bow  shall  be  in  the  cloud ;  and  I  will  look  upon  it, 
that  I  may  remember  the  everlasting  covenant  between  God 
and  every  living  creature  of  all  flesh  that  is  upon  the  earth. 

17  And  God  said  unto  Noah,  This  is  the  token  of  the  covenant 
which  I  have  established  between  me  and  all  flesh  that  is  upon 
the  earth. 

3v.  The  Death  of  Noah. 

Gn.  928-29 

28  And  Noah  lived  after  the  flood  three  hundred  and  fifty 
years.  29  And  all  the  days  of  Noah  were  nine  hundred  and 
fifty  years :  and  he  died. 

4.  "The  Generations  of  the  Sons  of  Noah."    Jll. 

Gn     IQl-'' -20 -22-23  .31-32 

1  Now  these  are  the  generations  of  the  sons  of  Noah,  namely, 
of  Shem,  Ham,  and  Japheth:  and  unto  them  were  sons  born 
after  the  flood. 

2  The  sons  of  Japheth:  Gomer,  and  Magog,  and  Madai, 
and  Javan,  and  Tubal,  and  Meshech,  and  Tiras.  3  And  the 
sons  of  Gomer :  Ashkenaz,  and  Riphath,  and  Togarmah.  4  And 
the  sons  of  Javan:  Elishah,  and  Tarshish,  Kittim,  and  Doda- 
nim.  5  Of  these  were  the  isles  of  the  nations  divided  in  their 
lands,  every  one  after  his  tongue,  after  their  families,  in  their 
nations. 

6  And  the  sons  of  Ham:  Gush,  and  Mizraim,  and  Put,  and 
Canaan.  7  And  the  sons  of  Gush:  Seba,  and  Havilah,  and 
Sabtah,  and  Raamah,  and  Sabteca;  and  the  sons  of  Raamah: 

■•  The  descendants  of  Noah  are  largely  the  names  of  cities,  tribes,  and  nations  that 
can  be  identified  as  such.  The  following  identifications  are  from  Sk. :  Gomer  is  the  Cim- 
merians (Assyrian  Gamir) ;  Magog,  the  Scythians,  of.  Ez.  38^  39^;  Madai,  the  Medes^ 
Media;  Javan,  Greece  (Ionia);  Tubal  and  Meshech  (of.  Ez.  27i3  3236  ss^-i  39')  are  the 
Tibarenoi  and  Moschoi  of  Herodotus  iii.  94;  Tiras,  the  Etruscans?;  Ashkenaz,  the 
Scythians?  (Herod,  i.  103,  106,  Jer.) ;  Riphath,  the  Paphlagonians  (Josephus) ;  Togarmah, 
the  Phrygians  ?  or  Armenians  ?  (cf.  Ez.  38^  27n) ;  EUshah,  Carthage  ?  or  Cyprus  ?  (cf. 
Ez.  27') ;  Tarshish,  Tartesos  (in  South  Spain) ;  Kittim,  Cyprus  or  South  Italy  ?  (cf.  Dn. 
ll'»);  Dodanim,  the  Dardanians  ? ;  Cush,  Nubia;  Mizraim,  Egypt;  Put,  the  Lybians?; 
Canaan;  Seba,  Saba,  on  the  Red  Sea ;  Havilah?;  Sabtah?;  Raamah,  Ragmat;  Sabteca?; 
Sheba,  the  Sabaians  of  SW.  Arabia;  Dedan,  the  Dedanites  of  N.  Arabia,  cf.  Ez.  25i3  27^0 
38";  Elam,  Elamites;  Asshur,  Assyria;  Arpachshad,  province  of  Assyria  next  to  Ar- 
menia?; Lud,  the  Lydians?;  Aram,  the  Aramseans;  Uz  ?  (cf.  Gn.  22^1  3620  Job  1>); 
HiU  ? ;  Gether  ? ;  Mash  ?.    The  absence  of  Babylonia  is  remarkable: 


...ipi  ]  P3iv-6  219 

Sheba,  and  Dedan.  20  These  are  the  sons  of  Ham,  after  their 
families,  after  their  tongues,  in  their  lands,  in  their  nations. 

22  The  sons  of  Shem:  Elam,  and  Asshur,  and  Arpachshad, 
and  Lud,  and  Aram.  23  And  the  sons  of  Aram :  Uz,  and  Hul, 
and  Gcther,  and  Mash.  31  These  are  the  sons  of  Shem,  after 
their  families,  after  their  tongues,  in  their  lands,  after  their 
nations. 

32  These  are  the  families  of  the  sons  of  Noah,  after  their 
generations,  in  their  nations:  and  of  these  were  the  nations 
clivided  in  the  earth  after  the  flood. 

5.  "The  Generations  of  Shem."    Jll. 
On.  11 '"-26 

10  These  are  the  generations  of  Shem.  Shem  was  a  hundred 
years  old,  and  begat  Arpachshad  two  years  after  the  flood: 
11  and  Shem  lived  after  he  begat  Arpachshad  five  hundred 
years,  and  begat  sons  and  daughters. 

12  And  Arpachshad  lived  five  and  thirty  years,  and  begat 
Shelah:  13  and  Arpachshad  lived  after  he  begat  Shelah  four 
hundred  and  three  years,  and  begat  sons  and  daughters. 

14  And  Shelah  lived  thirty  years,  and  begat  Eber:  15  and 
Shelah  lived  after  he  begat  Eber  four  hundred  and  three  years, 
and  begat  sons  and  daughters. 

16  And  Eber  lived  four  and  thirty  years,  and  begat  Peleg: 
17  and  Eber  lived  after  he  begat  Peleg  four  hundred  and 
thirty  years,  and  begat  sons  and  daughters. 

18  And  Peleg  lived  thirty  years,  and  begat  Reu:  19  and 
Peleg  lived  after  he  begat  Reu  two  hundred  and  nine  years, 
and  begat  sons  and  daughters. 

20  And  Reu  lived  two  and  thirty  years,  and  begat  Serug: 
21  and  Reu  lived  after  he  begat  Serug  two  hundred  and  seven 
years,  and  begat  sons  and  daughters. 

22  And  Serug  lived  thirty  years,  and  begat  Nahor:  23  and 
Serug  lived  after  he  begat  Nahor  two  hundred  years,  and  begat 
sons  and  daughters. 

24  And  Nahor  lived  nine  and  twenty  years,  and  begat 
Terah:  25  and  Nahor  liv(>d  after  he  begat  Terah  a  hundred 
and  nineteen  years,  and  begat  sons  and  daughters. 

26  And  Terah  lived  seventy  years,  and  begat  Abram,  Nahor, 
and  Haran. 

6.  "The  Generations  of  Terah." 

Gn.    1127.31-32 

27  Now  these  are  the  generations  of  Terah.  Terah  begat 
Abram,  Nahor,  antl  Haran;  and  Haran  begat  Lot.  31  And 
Terah  took  Abram  his  son,  and  Lot  the  son  of  Haran,  his  son's 


220  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH     [  Gn.  IPi 

son,  and  Sarai  his  daughter-in-law,  his  son  Abram's  wife ;  and 
they  went  forth  with  them  from  Ur  of  the  Chaldees,  to  go  into 
the  land  of  Canaan;  and  they  came  unto  Haran,  and  dwelt 
there.  32  And  the  days  of  Terah  were  two  hundred  and  five 
years:  and  Terah  died  in  Haran. 

C.  From  Abraham  to  Moses  (introduced  by  a  covenant 
affecting  Israel  only,  with  circumcision  as  token: 
God  called  El  Shaddai). 

7.  The  Story  of  Abraham.     J13.     El. 

7i.  Migration  to  Canaan.     JlSiii. 

Gn.  124b-5 

4b  And  Abram  was  seventy  and  five  years  old  when  he  de- 
parted out  of  Haran.  5  And  Abram  took  Sarai  his  wife,  and 
Lot  his  brother's  son,  and  all  their  substance  that  they  had 
gathered,  and  the  souls  that  they  had  gotten  in  Haran;  and 
they  went  to  go  forth  into  the  land  of  Canaan;  and  into  the 
land  of  Canaan  they  came. 

7ii.  Separation  of  Abram  and  Lot.     J13v. 
Gn.  136-iib-i2a 

6  And  the  land  was  not  able  to  bear  them,  that  they  might 
dwell  together:  for  their  substance  was  great,  so  that  they 
could  not  dwell  together,  lib  And  they  separated  themselves 
the  one  from  the  other.  12a  Abram  dwelt  in  the  land  of 
Canaan,  and  Lot  dwelt  in  the  cities  of  the  Plain. 

7iii.  The  Birth  of  Ishmael.     J13vii.     Eliv. 
Gn.  l6i^-3-i5-i6 

la  Now  Sarai,  Abram's  wife,  bare  him  no  children.  3  And 
Sarai,  Abram's  wife,  took  Hagar  the  Egyptian,  her  handmaid, 
lafter  Abram  had  dwelt  ten  years  in  the  land  of  Canaan,  and 
gave  her  to  Abram  her  husband  to  be  his  wife. 

15  And  Hagar  bare  Abram  a  son:  and  Abram  called  the 
name  of  his  son,  whom  Hagar  bare,  Ishmael.  16  And  Abram 
was  fourscore  and  six  years  old,  when  Hagar  bare  Ishmael  to 
Abram. 

7iv.   Covenant   of   El   Shaddai   with  Abram   (Abraham). 
J13ii.     Eli.     P17. 
Gn.  171-21 
1  And  when  Abram  was  ninety  years  old  and  nine,  Jehovah 

'■"  V.  1,  the  name  "Jehovah"  is  Rp;  here,  Gn.  21"=  are  the  only  cases  of  its  occurrence 
before  Ex.  6  in  a  P  conte.xt.  Name  "God  Almighty,"  in  Hebr.,  El  Shatldai,  a  closijination 
of  Deity  characteristic  of  P,  but  found  also  in  E4viii:  Gn.  43'*,  where  it  is  probably  Rp; 
and  in  J19:  Gn.  49^6  and  J45:  Nu.  24*.'6.    Ei  Shaddai  is  probably  original  in  the  J  passages, 


...171^  P6-7iv  221 

appeared  to  Abram,  and  said  unto  him,  I  am  God  Almighty; 
walk  Ix^fore  me,  and  bo  thou  perfect.  2  And  I  will  make  my 
covenant  between  me  and  thee,  and  will  multiply  thee  exceed- 
ingly. 3  And  Abram  fell  on  his  face:  and  God  talked  with 
him,  saying,  4  As  for  me,  behold,  my  covenant  is  with  thee, 
and  thou  shalt  be  the  father  of  a  multitude  of  nations.  5  Nei- 
ther shall  thy  name  any  more  be  called  Abram,  but  thy  name 
shall  be  Abraham;  for  the  father  of  a  multitude  of  nations 
have  I  made  thee.  6  And  I  will  make  thee  exceeding  fruitful, 
and  I  will  make  nations  of  thee,  and  kings  shall  come  out  of 
thee.  7  And  I  will  establish  my  covenant  between  me  and 
thee  and  thy  seed  after  thee  throughout  their  generations  for 
an  everlasting  covenant,  to  be  a  God  unto  thee  and  to  thy  seed 
after  thee.  8  And  I  will  give  unto  thee,  and  to  thy  seed  after 
thee,  the  land  of  thy  sojournings,  all  the  land  of  Canaan,  for 
an  everlasting  possession;  and  I  will  be  their  God. 

9  And  God  said  unto  Abraham,  And  as  for  thee,  thou  shalt 
keep  my  covenant,  thou,  and  thy  seed  after  thee  throughout 
their  generations.  10  This  is  my  covenant,  which  ye  shall 
keep,  between  me  and  you  and  thy  seed  after  thee :  every  male 
among  you  shall  be  circumcised.  11  And  ye  shall  be  circum- 
cised in  the  flesh  of  your  foreskin ;  and  it  shall  be  a  token  of  a 
covenant  betwixt  me  and  you.  12  And  he  that  is. eight  days 
old  shall  be  circumcised  among  you,  every  male  throughout 
your  generations,  he  that  is  born  in  the  house,  or  bought  with 
money  of  any  foreigner  that  is  not  of  thy  seed.  13  He  that  is 
born  in  thy  house,  and  he  that  is  bought  with  thy  money,  must 
needs  be  circumcised:  and  my  covenant  shall  be  in  your  fl(>sh 
for  an  everlasting  covenant.  14  And  the  uncircumcised  male 
who  is  not  circumcised  in  the  flesh  of  his  foreskin,  that  soul 
shall  be  cut  off  from  his  people ;  he  hath  broken  my  covenant. 

15  And  God  said  unto  Abraham,  As  for  Sarai  thy  wife,  thou 
shalt  not  call  her  name  Sarai,  but  Sarah  shall  her  name  be. 
16  And  I  will  bless  her,  and  moreover  I  will  give  thee  a  son  of 
her :  yea,  I  will  bless  her,  and  she  shall  be  a  mother  of  nations ; 
kings  of  peoples  shall  be  of  her.  17  Then  Abraham  fell  upon 
his  face,  and  laughed,  and  said  in  his  heart,  Shall  a  child  be 
born  unto  him  that  is  a  hundred  years  old?  and  shall  Sarah, 
that  is  ninety  years  old,  bear?  18  And  Abraham  said  unto 
God,  Oh  that  Ishma(^l  might  live  before  thee!  19  And  God 
said.  Nay,  but  Sarah  th}^  wife  shall  bear  thee  a  son;  and  thou 
shalt  call  his  name  Isaac :  and  I  will  establish  my  covenant 
with  him  for  an  everlasting  covenant  for  his  seed  after  him. 


P  appropriatinpc  and  extendinpc  the  use  of  the  ancient  name  reeordod  in  the  oracles  of  the 
past. 

V.  5  "Abram,"  in  Hebr.,  exalted  father;   "Abraham,"  father  uf  a  multitude,    v.  15  Sarah, 
in  Hebr.,  princeaa. 


222  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH     [  Gn.  1720 

20  And  as  for  Ishmael,  I  have  heard  thee:  behold,  I  have 
blessed  him,  and  will  make  him  fruitful,  and  will  multiply  him 
exceedingly;  twelve  princes  shall  he  beget,  and  I  will  make 
him  a  great*  nation.  21  But  my  covenant  will  I  establish  with 
Isaac,  whom  Sarah  shall  bear  unto  thee  at  this  set  time  in  the 
next  year. 

7v.  Abraham's  Household  Is  Circumcised.    J25. 

Gn.  1722-27 

22  And  he  left  off  talking  with  him,  and  God  went  up  from 
Abraham.  23  And  Abraham  took  Ishmael  his  son,  and  all 
that  were  born  in  his  house,  and  all  that  were  bought  with  his 
money,  every  male  among  the  men  of  Abraham's  house,  and 
circumcised  the  flesh  of  their  foreskin  in  the  selfsame  day,  as 
God  had  said  unto  him.  24  And  Abraham  was  ninety  years 
old  and  nine,  when  he  was  circumcised  in  the  flesh  of  his  fore- 
skin. 25  And  Ishmael  his  son  was  thirteen  years  old,  when  he 
was  circumcised  in  the  flesh  of  his  foreskin.  26  In  the  selfsame 
day  was  Abraham  circumcised,  and  Ishmael  his  son.  27  And 
all  the  men  of  his  house,  those  born  in  the  house,  and  those 
bought  with  money  of  a  foreigner,  were  circumcised  with  him. 

7vi.  Lot  Rescued  from  Sodom.     J13ix. 

Gn.  1929 

29  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  God  destroyed  the  cities  of  the 
Plain,  that  God  remembered  Abraham,  and  sent  Lot  out  of 
the  midst  of  the  overthrow,  when  he  overthrew  the  cities  in 
which  Lot  dwelt. 

7vii.  Birth  and  Circumcision  of  Isaac.    JlSxi.     Eliii. 
Gn.  21ib-2b-5 

lb  And  Jehovah  did  unto  Sarah  as  he  had  spoken,  2b  at  the 
set  time  of  which  God  had  spoken  to  him.  3  And  Abraham 
called  the  name  of  his  son  that  was  born  unto  him,  whom 
Sarah  bare  to  him,  Isaac.  4  And  Abraham  circumcised  his 
son  Isaac  when  he  was  eight  days  old,  as  God  had  commanded 
him.  5  And  Abraham  was  a  hundred  years  old,  when  his  son 
Isaac  was  born  unto  him. 

7viii.  Death   of   Sarah,  and   Burial  Near  Hebron,  in  a 
Field  Purchased  from  the  Hittites.     P9ii.     Ez. 

153.45^ 

Gn.  231-20 

1  And  the  life  of  Sarah  was  a  hundred  and  seven  and  twenty 

'"'  Placed  by  We.,  and  many,  after  13'2  (Smend). 

'"'''  There  is  a  difference  of  opinion  as  to  whether  this  section  (so  much  fuller  of  con- 
crete detail  than  any  other  narrative  in  P)  is  an  original  part  of  P,  a  later  expansion  (so 


...2319  ]  P7iv-viii  223 

years :  these  were  the  years  of  the  life  of  Sarah.  2  And  Sarah 
died  in  Kiriatharba  (the  same  is  Hebron),  in  the  land  of  Ca- 
naan :  and  Abraham  came  to  mourn  for  Sarah,  and  to  weep 
for  her.  3  And  Al)raham  rose  up  from  before  his  dead,  and 
spake  unto  the  children  of  Heth,  saying,  4  I  am  a  stranger 
and  a  sojourner  with  you :  give  me  a  possession  of  a  burying- 
place  with  you,  that  I  may  bury  my  dead  out  of  my  sight. 
5  And  the  children  of  Heth  answered  Abraham,  saying  unto 
him,  6  Hear  us,  my  lord ;  thou  art  a  prince  of  God  among  us : 
in  the  choice  of  our  sepulchres  bury  thy  dead ;  none  of  us  shall 
withhold  from  thee  his  sepulchre,  but  that  thou  mayest  bury 
thy  dead.  7  And  Abraham  rose  up,  and  bowed  himself  to  the 
people  of  the  land,  even  to  the  children  of  Heth.  8  And  he 
communed  with  them,  saying.  If  it  be  your  mind  that  I  should 
bury  my  dead  out  of  my  sight,  hear  me,  and  entreat  for  me  to 
Ephron  the  son  of  Zohar,  9  that  he  may  give  me  the  cave  of 
Machpelah,  which  he  hath,  which  is  in  the  end  of  his  field; 
for  the  full  price  let  him  give  it  to  me  in  the  midst  of  you  for  a 
possession  of  a  burying-place.  10  Now  Ephron  was  sitting  in 
the  midst  of  the  children  of  Heth:  and  Ephron  the  Hittite 
answered  Abraham  in  the  audience  of  the  children  of  Heth, 
even  of  all  that  went  in  at  the  gate  of  his  city,  saying,  1 1  Nay, 
my  lord,  hear  me:  the  field  give  I  thee,  and  the  cave  that  is 
therein,  I  give  it  thee;  in  the  presence  of  the  children  of  my 
people  give  I  it  thee :  bury  thy  dead.  12  And  Abraham  bowed 
himself  do^vn  before  the  people  of  the  land.  13  And  he  spake 
unto  Ephron  in  the  audience  of  the  people  of  the  land,  saying. 
But  if  thou  wilt,  I  pray  thee,  hear  me :  I  will  give  the  price  of 
the  field ;  take  it  of  me,  and  I  will  bury  my  dead  there.  14  And 
Ephron  answered  Abraham,  saying  unto  him,  15  My  lord, 
hearken  unto  me:  a  piece  of  land  worth  four  hundred  shekels 
of  silver,  what  is  that  betwixt  me  and  thee?  bury  therefore  thy 
dead.  16  And  Abraham  hearkened  unto  Ephron;  and  Abra- 
ham weighed  to  Ephron  the  silver  which  he  had  named  in  the 
audience  of  the  children  of  Heth,  four  hundred  shekels  of  silver, 
current  money  with  the  mc^-chant. 

17  So  the  field  of  Ephron,  which  was  in  Machpelah,  which 
was  before  Mamre,  the  field,  and  the  cave  which  was  therein, 
and  all  the  trees  that  were  in  the  field,  that  were  in  all  the 
border  thereof  round  about,  were  made  sure  18  unto  Abra- 
ham for  a  possession  in  the  presence  of  the  children  of  Heth, 
before  all  that  went  in  at  the  gate  of  his  city.     19  And  after 


most  critics,  cf.  Ho.,  Smcnd,  et  al.)  or  a  relatively  ancient,  at  least  pre-exilic,  narrative 
(Eerd.).  It  seems  to  Eerd.,  Sinoiid,  to  betray  an  interest  in  ancestor-worship  that  is  for- 
oiKn  to  P  (cf.  Is.  G5^  G;}'").  A  "field  of  Abram,"  cf.  v.  20,  is  mentioned  in  an  inscription 
of  Shishak  I. — The  conception  that  the  Ilittites  were  the  ancient  inhabitants  of  Canaan 
rests  on  reliable  tradition,  cf.  I'Oii. 


224  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH     [  Gn.  231^ 

this,  Abraham  buried  Sarah  his  wife  in  the  cave  of  the  field  of 
Machpelah  before  Mamre  (the  same  is  Hebron),  in  the  land  of 
Canaan.  20  And  the  field,  and  the  cave  that  is  therein,  were 
made  sure  unto  Abraham  for  a  possession  of  a  burying-place 
by  the  children  of  Heth. 

7ix.  Death  and  Burial  of  Abraham  Near  Hebron.    P7viii. 

On.  25^-11=^ 

7  And  these  are  the  days  of  the  years  of  Abraham's  life 
which  he  lived,  a  hundred  threescore  and  fifteen  years.  8  And 
Abraham  gave  up  the  ghost,  and  died  in  a  good  old  age,  an  old 
man,  and  full  of  years,  and  was  gathered  to  his  people.  9  And 
Isaac  and  Ishmael  his  sons  buried  him  in  the  cave  of  Mach- 
pelah, in  the  field  of  Ephron  the  son  of  Zohar  the  Hittite,  which 
is  before  Mamre;  10  the  field  which  Abraham  purchased  of 
the  children  of  Heth:  there  was  Abraham  buried,  and  Sarah 
his  wife.  11a  And  it  came  to  pass  after  the  death  of  Abraham, 
that  God  blessed  Isaac  his  son. 

8.  "The  Generations  of  Ishmael."     Eliv. 
Gn.  25^2-17 

12  Now  these  are  the  generations  of  Ishmael,  Abraham's 
son,  whom  Hagar  the  Egyptian,  Sarah's  handmaid,  bare  unto 
Abraham :  13  and  these  are  the  names  of  the  sons  of  Ishmael, 
by  their  names,  according  to  their  generations:  the  first-born 
of  Ishmael,  Nebaioth;  and  Kedar,  and  Adbeel,  and  Mibsam, 
14  and  Mishma,  and  Dumah,  and  Massa,  15  Hadad,  and 
Tema,  Jetur,  Naphish,  and  Kedemah :  16  these  are  the  sons 
of  Ishmael,  and  these  are  their  names,  by  their  villages,  and  by 
their  encampments;  twelve  princes  according  to  their  nations. 
17  And  these  are  the  years  of  the  life  of  Ishmael,  a  hundred 
and  thirty  and  seven  years:  and  he  gave  up  the  ghost  and 
died,  and  was  gathered  unto  his  people. 

9.  "The  Generations  of  Isaac."    J14.    E2. 

9i.  Isaac  Marries  Rebekah.    JlBxv. 
Gn.  25i9-2'>-26b 

19  And  these  are  the  generations  of  Isaac,  Abraham's  son: 
Abraham  begat  Isaac :  20  and  Isaac  was  forty  years  old  when 
he  took  Rebekah,  the  daughter  of  Bethuel  the  Syrian  of  Pad- 
dan-aram,  the  sister  of  Laban  the  Syrian,  to  be  his  wife. 

26b  .  .  .  And  Isaac  was  threescore  years  old  when  she  bare 
them. 

9ii.  Esau  Marries  Two  Hittite  Women.    P7viii. 
Gn.  2634-35 
34  And  when  Esau  was  forty  years  old  he  took  to  wife  Judith 


...3022  j  P7viii-10i  225 

the  daughter  of  Beeri  the  Hittite,  and  Basemath  the  daughter 
of  Elon  the  Hittite:  35  and  they  were  a  grief  of  mind  unto 
Isaac  and  to  Rebekah, 

9iii.  Isaac  Blesses  Jacob  in  the  Name  of  El  Shaddai,  and 
Sends  Him  to  Laban  for  a  Wife. 

Gn.  27^''-28^ 

46  And  Rebekah  said  to  Isaac,  I  am  weary  of  my  Hfe  be- 
cause of  the  daughters  of  Heth:  if  Jacob  take  a  wife  of  the 
daughters  of  Heth,  such  as  these,  of  the  daughters  of  the  land, 
what  good  shall  my  life  do  me? 

28^  And  Isaac  called  Jacob,  and  blessed  him,  and  charged 
him,  and  said  unto  him.  Thou  shalt  not  take  a  wife  of  the 
daughters  of  Canaan.  2  Arise,  go  to  Paddan-aram,  to  the 
house  of  Bethuel  thy  mother's  father;  and  take  thee  a  wife 
from  thence  of  the  daughters  of  Laban  thy  mother's  brother. 

3  And  God  Almighty  bless  thee,  and  make  thee  fruitful,  and 
multiply  thee,  that  thou  mayest  be  a  company  of  peoples; 

4  and  give  thee  the  blessing  of  Abraham,  to  thee,  and  to  thy 
seed  with  thee;  that  thou  mayest  inherit  the  land  of  thy 
sojournings,  which  God  gave  unto  Abraham.  5  And  Isaac 
sent  away  Jacob:  and  he  went  to  Paddan-aram  unto  Laban, 
son  of  Bethuel  the  Syrian,  the  brother  of  Rebekah,  Jacob's 
and  Esau's  mother. 

9iv.  Esau  Marries  Mahalath,  Daughter  of  Ishmael. 

Gn.  286-9 

6  Now  Esau  saw  that  Isaac  had  blessed  Jacob  and  sent 
him  away  to  Paddan-aram,  to  take  him  a  wife  from  thence; 
and  that  as  he  blessed  him  he  gave  him  a  charge,  saying,  Thou 
shalt  not  take  a  wife  of  the  daughters  of  Canaan;  7  and  that 
Jacob  obeyed  his  father  and  his  mother,  and  was  gone  to 
Paddan-aram :  8  and  Esau  saw  that  the  daughters  of  Canaan 
pleased  not  Isaac  his  father;  9  and  Esau  went  unto  Ishmael, 
and  took,  besides  the  wives  that  he  had,  Mahalath  the  daughter 
of  Ishmael  Abraham's  son,  the  sister  of  Nebaioth,  to  be  his 
wife. 

10.  "The  Generations  of  Jacob."    J15.    E3. 

lOi.  Jacob's  Family  in  Paddan-Aram.    J15iii,  iv.    P3iii-vi. 

Gn.  292^-28i^-2'-'3022'' 

24  And  Laban  gave  Zilpah  his  handmaid  unto  his  daughter 
Leah  for  a  handmaid.  28b  And  he  gave  him  Rachel  his 
daughter  to  wife.  29  And  Laban  gave  to  Rachel  his  daughter 
Bilhah  his  handmaid  to  be  her  handmaid.  30"''  And  God  re- 
membered Rachel. 


226  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH     [Gn.  31'8 

lOii.  Jacob  Retuens  from  Paddan-Aram  to  Shechem. 
J15vff.     ESviiff.,  xiii, 

Gn.  31^8''  33^«^ 

31^^''  .  .  .  and  all  his  substance  which  he  had  gathered,  the 
cattle  of  his  getting,  which  he  had  gathered  in  Paddan-aram, 
to  go  to  Isaac  his  father  unto  the  land  of  Canaan.  33^^''  And 
Jacob  came  in  peace  to  the  city  of  Shechem,  which  is  in  the 
land  of  Canaan,  when  he  came  from  Paddan-aram. 

lOiii.    El   Shaddai   Appears   to   Jacob   at   Bethel.     J15i. 
E3i,  XV.     P9iii. 
Gn.  35«^-3-i3i5 

6a  So  Jacob  came  to  Luz,  which  is  in  the  land  of  Canaan 
(the  same  is  Beth-el). 

9  And  God  appeared  unto  Jacob  again,  when  he  came  from 
Paddan-aram,  and  blessed  him.  10  And  God  said  unto  him, 
Thy  name  is  Jacob:  thy  name  shall  not  be  called  any  more 
Jacob,  but  Israel  shall  be  thy  name:  and  he  called  his  name 
Israel.  11  And  God  said  unto  him,  I  am  God  Almighty:  be 
fruitful  and  multiply ;  a  nation  and  a  company  of  nations  shall 
be  of  thee,  and  kings  shall  come  out  of  thy  loins;  12  and  the 
land  which  I  gave  unto  Abraham  and  Isaac,  to  thee  I  will  give 
it,  and  to  thy  seed  after  thee  will  I  give  the  land.  13  And 
God  went  up  from  him  in  the  place  where  he  spake  with  him. 
15  And  Jacob  called  the  name  of  the  place  where  God  spake 
with  him,  Beth-el. 

lOiv.  The  Twelve  Sons  of  Jacob.    J15iv.    E3vi. 

Gn.  3522b-26 

22b  Now  the  sons  of  Jacob  were  twelve:  23  the  sons  of 
Leah:  Reuben,  Jacob's  first-born,  and  Simeon,  and  Levi,  and 
Judah,  and  Issachar,  and  Zebulun;  24  the  sons  of  Rachel: 
Joseph  and  Benjamin;  25  and  the  sons  of  Bilhah,  Rachel's 
handmaid:  Dan  and  Naphtali;  26  and  the  sons  of  Zilpah, 
Leah's  handmaid:  Gad  and  Asher:  these  are  the  sons  of 
Jacob,  that  were  born  to  him  in  Paddan-aram. 

lOv.  Death  of  Isaac. 
Gn.  35"-29 

27  And  Jacob  came  unto  Isaac  his  father  to  Mamre,  to 
Kiriath-arba  (the  same  is  Hebron),  where  Abraham  and  Isaac 
sojourned. 

28  And  the  days  of  Isaac  were  a  hundred  and  fourscore 
years.  29  And  Isaac  gave  up  the  ghost,  and  died,  and  was 
gathered  unto  his  people,  old  and  full  of  days:  and  Esau  and 
Jacob  his  sons  buried  him. 


!»'"  (and  v) — late  R:  Eerd.,  Dahse. 


...36 '8]  PlOii-U  227 

Gn.  36,  cf.  Pll. 

lOvi.  Jacob  in  Canaan. 

Gn.  37i-2» 

1  And  Jacob  dwelt  in  the  land  of  his  father's  sojournings,  in 
the  land  of  Canaan.    2a  These  are  the  generations  of  Jacob. 

11.  "The  Generations  of  Esau."    J16. 

Gn.  36i-^o-^o-'3 

1  Now  these  are  the  generations  of  Esau  (the  same  is  Edom). 
2  Esau  took  his  wives  of  the  daughters  of  Canaan:  Adah  the 
daughter  of  Elon  the  Ilittite,  and  Oholibairiah  the  daughter  of 
Anah,  the  daughter  of  Zibeon  the  Hivite,  3  and  Basemath 
Ishmael's  daughter,  sister  of  Nebaioth.  4  And  Adah  bare  to 
Esau  Eliphaz;  and  Basemath  bare  Reuel;  5  and  Oholibamah 
bare  Jeush,  and  Jalain,  and  Korah :  these  are  the  sons  of  Esau, 
that  were  born  unto  him  in  the  land  of  Canaan.  6  And  Esau 
took  his  wives,  and  his  sons,  and  his  daughters,  and  all  the 
souls  of  his  house,  and  his  cattle,  and  all  his  beasts,  and  all  his 
possessions,  which  he  had  gathered  in  the  land  of  Canaan; 
and  went  into  a  land  away  from  his  brother  Jacob.  7  For 
their  substance  was  too  great  for  them  to  dwell  together;  and 
the  land  of  their  sojournings  could  not  bear  them  because  of 
their  cattle.    8  And  Esau  dwelt  in  mount  Seir :  Esau  is  Edom. 

9  And  these  are  the  generations  of  Esau  the  father  of  the 
Edomites  in  mount  Seir:  10  these  are  the  names  of  Esau's 
sons :  Eliphaz  the  son  of  Adah  the  wife  of  Esau,  Reuel  the  son 
of  Basemath  the  wife  of  Esau.  11  And  the  sons  of  Eliphaz 
were  Teman,  Omar,  Zepho,  and  Gatam,  and  Kenaz.  12  And 
Timna  was  concubine  to  Eliphaz  Esau's  son;  and  she  bare  to 
Eliphaz  Amalek:  these  are  the  sons  of  Adah,  Esau's  wife. 
13  And  these  are  the  sons  of  Reuel :  Nahath,  and  Zerah, 
Shammah,  and  Mizzah:  these  were  the  sons  of  Basemath, 
Esau's  wife.  14  And  these  were  the  sons  of  Oholibamah  the 
daughter  of  Anah,  the  daughter  of  Zibeon,  Esau's  wife:  and 
she  bare  to  Esau  Jeush,  and  Jalam,  and  Korah. 

15  These  are  the  chiefs  of  the  sons  of  Esau:  the  sons  of 
Eliphaz  the  first-born  of  Esau :  chief  Teman,  chief  Omar,  chief 
Zepho,  chief  Kenaz,  16  chief  Korah,  chief  Gatam,  chief 
Amalek:  these  are  the  chiefs  that  came  of  Eliphaz  in  the 
land  of  Edom;  these  are  the  sons  of  Adah.  17  And  these  are 
the  sons  of  Reuel,  Esau's  son:  chief  Nahath,  chief  Zerah,  chief 
Shammah,  chief  Mizzah:  these  are  the  chiefs  that  came  of 
Reuel  in  the  land  of  Edom;  these  are  the  sons  of  Basemath, 
Esau's  wife.    18  And  these  are  the  sons  of  Oholibamah,  Esau's 

"  vv.  1-30  include  an  uncertain  amount  of  older  material  that  has  been  subjected  to 
considerable  revision,  cf.  Co.,  Ka.,  Dr.,  et  al.    All  agree  that  vv.  40-43  are  P. 


228  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH     [Gn.  36'8 

wife:  chief  Jeush,  chief  Jalam,  chief  Korah:  these  are  the 
chiefs  that  came  of  Ohohbamah  the  daughter  of  Anah,  Esau's 
wife.  19  These  are  the  sons  of  Esau,  and  these  are  their  chiefs : 
the  same  is  Edom. 

20  These  are  the  sons  of  Seir  the  Horite,  the  inhabitants  of 
the  land:  Lotan  and  Shobal  and  Zibeon  and  Anah,  21  and 
Dishon  and  Ezer  and  Dishan:  these  are  the  chiefs  that  came 
of  the  Horites,  the  children  of  Seir  in  the  land  of  Edom.  22  And 
the  children  of  Lotan  were  Hori  and  Heman;  and  Lotan's 
sister  was  Timna.  23  And  these  are  the  children  of  Shobal: 
Alvan  and  Manahath  and  Ebal,  Shepho  and  Onam.  24  And 
these  are  the  children  of  Zibeon :  Aiah  and  Anah ;  this  is  Anah 
who  found  the  hot  springs  in  the  wilderness,  as  he  fed  the 
asses  of  Zibeon  his  father.  25  And  these  are  the  children  of 
Anah :  Dishon  and  Oholibamah  the  daughter  of  Anah.  26  And 
these  are  the  children  of  Dishon:  Hemdan  and  Eshban  and 
Ithran  and  Cheran.  27  These  are  the  children  of  Ezer :  Bilhan 
and  Zaavan  and  Akan.  28  These  are  the  children  of  Dishan: 
Uz  and  Aran.  29  These  are  the  chiefs  that  came  of  the  Hor- 
ites: chief  Lotan,  chief  Shobal,  chief  Zibeon,  chief  Anah, 
30  chief  Dishon,  chief  Ezer,  chief  Dishan:  these  are  the  chiefs 
that  came  of  the  Horites,  according  to  their  chiefs  in  the  land 
of  Seir. 

40  And  these  are  the  names  of  the  chiefs  that  came  of  Esau, 
according  to  their  families,  after  their  places,  by  their  names: 
chief  Timna,  chief  Alvah,  chief  Jetheth,  41  chief  Oholibamah, 
chief  Elah,  chief  Pinon,  42  chief  Kenaz,  chief  Teman,  chief 
Mibzar,  43  chief  Magdiel,  chief  Iram:  these  are  the  chiefs  of 
Edom,  according  to  their  habitations  in  the  land  of  their  pos- 
session.   This  is  Esau,  the  father  of  the  Edomites. 

12.  The  Story  of  Joseph.     J18.     E4. 

12i.  Joseph  the  Talebearer. 

Gn.  372b 

2b  Joseph,  being  seventeen  years  old,  was  feeding  the  flock 
with  his  brethren;  and  he  was  a  lad  with  the  sons  of  Bilhah, 
and  with  the  sons  of  Zilpah,  his  father's  wives:  and  Joseph 
brought  the  evil  report  of  them  unto  their  father. 

12ii.  His  Honors  in  Egypt.     J18iv.     E4vi. 

Gn.  4146a 

46a  And  Joseph  was  thirty  years  old  when  he  stood  before 
Pharaoh  king  of  Egypt. 


»«P:  most  critics.    J:  Di.,  Dr.  (or  E),  Ba.,  St.,  Ki. 


...47M  Pll-12iv  229 

12iii.  Jacob's  Household  Moves  to  Egypt.    JlSviii.    E4xi, 

Gn.  46«-" 

6  And  they  took  their  cattle  and  their  goods,  which  they 
had  gdtten  in  the  hmd  of  Canaan,  and  came  into  Egypt,  Jacob, 
and  ail  his  seed  with  him:  7  his  sons,  and  his  sons'  soils  with 
him,  his  daughters,  and  liis  sons'  daughters,  and  all  his  seed 
brought  he  with  him  into  Egypt. 

8  And  these  are  the  names  of  the  children  of  Israel,  who  came  into 
Egypt,  Jacob  and  his  sons:  Reuben,  Jacob's  first-born.  9  And  the  sons 
of  Reuben:  Hanoch,  and  I'allu,  and  Hezron,  and  Carmi.  10  And  the 
sons  of  Simeon:  Jeniuel,  and  Jamin,  and  Ohad,  and  Jachin,  and  Zohar, 
and  Shaul  the  son  of  a  Canaanitish  woman.  11  And  the  sons  of  Levi: 
(icrshon,  Kohath,  and  Merari.  12  And  the  sons  of  Judah:  Kir,  and  Onan, 
and  Shclah,  and  Perez,  and  Zerah;  but  Er  and  Onan  died  in  the  land  of 
Canaan.  And  the  sons  of  Perez  were  Hezron  and  Ilamul.  13  And  the 
sons  of  Issachar:  Tola,  and  Puvah,  and  lob,  and  Hhimron.  14  And  the 
sons  of  Zebulun:  Sered,  and  Elon,  and  Jahleel.  15  These  are  the  sons  of 
Leah,  whom  she  bare  unto  Jacob  in  Paddan-aram,  with  his  daughter 
Dinah:  all  the  souls  of  his  sons  and  his  daughters  were  thirty  and  three. 
16  And  the  sons  of  Gad:  Ziphion,  and  Haggi,  Shuni,  and  Ezbon,  Eri,  and 
Arodi,  and  Areli.  17  And  the  sons  of  Asher:  Imnah,  and  Ishvah,  and 
Ishvi,  and  Beriah,  and  Serah  their  sister;  and  the  sons  of  Beriah:  Heber, 
and  Malchiel.  18  These  are  the  sons  of  Zilpah,  whom  Laban  gave  to 
Leah  his  daughter;  and  these  she  bare  unto  Jacob,  even  sixteen  souls. 
19  The  sons  of  Rachel  Jacob's  wife:  Joseph  and  Benjamin.  20  And  unto 
Joseph  in  the  land  of  Egypt  were  born  Manasseh  and  Ephraim,  whom 
Asenath,  the  daughter  of  Poti-phera  priest  of  On,  bare  unto 'him.  21  And 
the  sons  of  Benjamin:  Bela,  and  Becher,  and  Ashbel,  Gera,  and  Naaman, 
Ehi,  and  Rosh,  Mui)pim,  and  Huppim,  and  jVrd.  22  These  are  the  sons 
of  Rachel,  who  w(>r(^  born  to  Jacob:  all  the  souls  were  fourteen.  23  And 
the  sons  of  Dan:  Ilushim.  24  And  the  sons  of  Naphtali:  Jahzeel,  and 
Guni,  and  Jezer,  and  Shillem.  25  These  are  the  sons  of  Bilhah,  whom 
Laban  gave  unto  Rachel  his  daughter,  and  these  she  bare  unto  Jacob: 
all  the  souls  were  seven.  26  All  the  souls  that  came  with  Jacob  into 
Egypt,  that  came  out  of  his  loins,  besides  Jacob's  sons'  wives,  all  the 
souls  were  threescore  and  six;  27  and  the  sons  of  Joseph,  who  were 
born  to  him  in  Egypt,  were  two  souls:  all  the  souls  of  the  house  of 
Jacob,  that  came  into  Egypt,  were  threescore  and  ten. 

12iv.  Pharaoh  Shows  Favor  to  Jacob.    E4xi. 

Gn     475b-6a.7-11.27b-28 

5b  Thy  father  and  thy  brethren  are  come  unto  thee :  6a  the 
land  of  Eg>7)t  is  before  thee ;  in  the  best  of  the  land  make  thy 
father  and  thy  brethren  to  dwell.     7  And  Joseph  brought  in 


i2iii  vv.  8-27  are  generally  rcRardod  as  a  later  addition  of  Ps.    So,  e.  g.,  Ka.,  Gu.,  CH., 
St.,  Co.?,  Kayser,  Pr.,  Smend  (based  on  P15:  Ex.  1''). 


230  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH      [  Gn.  47^ 

Jacob  his  father,  and  set  him  before  Pharaoh:  and  Jacob 
blessed  Pharaoh. 

8  And  Pharaoh  said  unto  Jacob,  How  many  are  the  days  of 
the  years  of  thy  hfe?  9  And  Jacob  said  unto  Pharaoh,  The 
days  of  the  years  of  my  pilgrimage  are  a  hundred  and  thirty 
years :  few  and  evil  have  been  the  days  of  the  years  of  my  life, 
and  they  have  not  attained  unto  the  days  of  the  years  of  the 
life  of  my  fathers  in  the  days  of  their  pilgrimage.  10  And 
Jacob  blessed  Pharaoh,  and  went  out  from  the  presence  of 
Pharaoh. 

11  And  Joseph  placed  his  father  and  his  brethren,  and  gave 
them  a  possession  in  the  land  of  Egypt,  in  the  best  of  the  land, 
in  the  land  of  Rameses,  as  Pharaoh  had  commanded.  27b 
And  they  gat  them  possessions  therein,  and  were  fruitful,  and 
multiplied  exceedingly. 

28  And  Jacob  lived  in  the  land  of  Egypt  seventeen  years: 
so  the  days  of  Jacob,  the  years  of  his  life,  were  a  hundred 
forty  and  seven  years. 

12v.  Jacob  Tells  Joseph  of  the  Promise  of  El  Shaddai. 
PlOiii. 

Gn.  48^-6 

3  And  Jacob  said  unto  Joseph,  God  Almighty  appeared  unto 
me  at  Luz  in  the  land  of  Canaan,  and  blessed  me,  4  and  said 
unto  me,  Behold,  I  will  make  thee  fruitful,  and  multiply  thee, 
and  I  will  make  of  thee  a  company  of  peoples,  and  will  give 
this  land  to  thy  seed  after  thee  for  an  everlasting  possession. 
5  And  now  thy  two  sons,  who  were  born  unto  thee  in  the  land 
of  Egypt  before  I  came  unto  thee  into  Egypt,  are  mine; 
Ephraim  and  Manasseh,  even  as  Reuben  and  Simeon,  shall  be 
mine.  6  And  thy  issue,  that  thou  begettest  after  them,  shall 
be  thine;  they  shall  be  called  after  the  name  of  their  brethren 
in  their  inheritance. 

13.  Jacob  Blesses  His  Sons.    J19.    E5,  51.    P7viii. 

Gn.   491a-28b-32 

la  And  Jacob  called  unto  his  sons,  and  said  .  .  .  ,  28b  every 
one  according  to  his  blessing  he  blessed  them.  28  And  he 
charged  them,  and  said  unto  them,  I  am  to  be  gathered  unto 
my  people :  bury  me  with  my  fathers  in  the  cave  that  is  in  the 
field  of  Ephron  the  Hittite,  30  in  the  cave  that  is  in  the  field 
of  Machpelah,  which  is  before  Mamre,  in  the  land  of  Canaan, 
which  Abraham  bought  with  the  field  from  Ephron  the  Hittite 
for  a  possession  of  a  burying-place.  31  There  they  buried 
Abraham  and  Sarah  his  wife;    there  they  buried  Isaac  and 

i2v  Eerd.  and  Dahse  regard  this  as  late  R. 


...Ex.  225  ]  P12iv-16  231 

Rebekah  his  wife ;  and  there  I  buried  Leah —    32  the  field  and 

the  cave  that  is  therein,  which  was  purchased  from  the  chil- 
dren of  Heth. 

14.  The  Death  and  Burial  of  Jacob.     J20.     E6. 

Gn.  49^=*  5012-13 

33  And  when  Jacob  made  an  end  of  charging  his  sons,  .  .  . 
yielded  up  the  ghost,  and  was  gathered  unto  his  people. 
50 1"  And  his  sons  did  unto  him  according  as  he  commanded 
them:  13  for  his  sons  carried  him  into  the  land  of  Canaan, 
and  buried  him  in  the  cave  of  the  field  of  Machpelah,  which 
Abraham  bought  with  the  field,  for  a  possession  of  a  burying- 
place,  of  Ephron  the  Hittite,  before  Mamre. 

D.  From  Moses  to  the  conquest  of  Canaan:  the  fulfill- 
ment of  the  covenant  (Sabbath,  the  sign:  God 
called  Jehovah). 

15.  The  Increase  of  the  Israelites  in  Egypt.    P12iii. 
Ex.  11-^-7 

1  Now  these  are  the  names  of  the  sons  of  Israel,  who  came 
into  Egypt  (every  man  and  his  household  came  with  Jacob) : 
2  Reuben,  Simeon,  Levi,  and  Judah,  3  Issachar,  Zebulun,  and 
Benjamin,  4  Dan  and  Naphtali,  Gad  and  Asher.  5  And  all 
the  souls  that  came  out  of  the  loins  of  Jacob  were  seventy 
souls:  and  Joseph  was  in  Egypt  already.  7  And  the  children 
of  Israel  were  fruitful,  and  increased  abundantly,  and  multi- 
plied, and  waxed  exceeding  mighty;  and  the  land  was  filled 
with  them. 

16.  The  Israelites  Oppressed  by  the  Egyptians.    J22. 

Ex.    I'-'^-l*  2231^-25 

13  And  the  Egyjotians  made  the  children  of  Israel  to  serve 
with  rigor:  14  and  they  made  their  lives  bitter  with  hard 
service,  in  mortar  and  in  brick,  and  in  all  manner  of  service  in 
the  field,  all  their  service,  wherein  they  made  them  serve  with 
rigor. 

223b  And  the  children  of  Israel  sighed  by  reason  of  the 
bondage,  and  they  cried,  and  their  cry  came  up  unto  God  by 
reason  of  the  l)()ndage.  24  And  God  heard  their  groaning, 
and  God  remembered  his  covenant  with  Abraham,  with  Isaac, 
and  with  Jacob.  25  And  God  saw  the  children  of  Israel,  and 
God  took  knowledge  of  them. 


i«  li<:  redundant  and  probably  composite. 


232  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH        [  Ex.  6^ 

17.  God  Reveals  to  Moses  His  Name  Jehovah.    J6  (Gn. 

426).    E4viii,  lliii.    P7iv. 

Ex.  62-3 

2  And  God  spake  unto  Moses,  and  said  unto  him,  I  am  Jeho- 
vah: 3  and  I  appeared  unto  Abraham,  unto  Isaac,  and  unto 
Jacob,  as  God  Almighty;  but  by  my  name  Jehovah  I  was  not 
known  to  them. 

18.  God    Promises   Release   to   the    Israelites.     J24iii. 

Elliv. 

Ex.  6^-13 

4  And  I  have  also  established  my  covenant  with  them,  to 
give  them  the  land  of  Canaan,  the  land  of  their  sojournings, 
wherein  they  sojourned.  5  And  moreover  I  have  heard  the 
groaning  of  the  children  of  Israel,  whom  the  Egyptians  keep 
in  bondage;  and  I  have  remembered  my  covenant.  6  Where- 
fore say  unto  the  children  of  Israel,  I  am  Jehovah,  and  I  will 
bring  you  out  from  under  the  burdens  of  the  Egyptians,  and 
I  will  rid  you  out  of  their  bondage,  and  I  will  redeem  you  with 
an  outstretched  arm,  and  with  great  judgments:  7  and  I  will 
take  you  to  me  for  a  people,  and  I  will  be  to  you  a  God;  and 
ye  shall  know  that  I  am  Jehovah  your  God,  who  bringeth  you 
out  from  under  the  burdens  of  the  Egyptians.  8  And  I  will 
bring  you  in  unto  the  land  which  I  sware  to  give  to  Abraham, 
to  Isaac,  and  to  Jacob;  and  I  will  give  it  you  for  a  heritage: 
I  am  Jehovah.  9  And  Moses  spake  so  unto  the  children  of 
Israel:  but  they  hearkened  not  unto  Moses  for  anguish  of 
spirit,  and  for  cruel  bondage. 

10  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  11  Go  in,  speak 
unto  Pharaoh  king  of  Egypt,  that  he  let  the  children  of  Israel 
go  out  of  his  land.  12  And  Moses  spake  before  Jehovah,  say- 
ing, Behold,  the  children  of  Israel  have  not  hearkened  unto 
me;  how  then  shall  Pharaoh  hear  me,  who  am  of  uncircum- 
cised  lips?  13  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses  and  unto  Aaron, 
and  gave  them  a  charge  unto  the  children  of  Israel,  and  unto 
Pharaoh  king  of  Egypt,  to  bring  the  children  of  Israel  out  of 
the  land  of  Egypt. 

19.  List  of  Israelite  Families.    P12iii,  15. 
Ex.  61^-" 

14  These  are  the  heads  of  their  fathers'  houses.  The  sons  of 
Reuben  the  first-born  of  Israel:  Hanoch,  and  Pallu,  Hezron, 
and  Carmi;  these  are  the  families  of  Reuben.     15  And  the 

"  "God  Almighty,"  in  Hebr.,  El  Shaddai. 

18  w.  6-8  interrupt  the  connection  and  are  perh.  secondary,  Pr.  Kayser.  Dr.  connects 
with  H. 

1'  Probably  secondary. 


-7^  ]  P17-21  233 

sons  of  Simeon:  JemucI,  and  Jamin,  and  Ohad,  and  Jachin, 
and  Zohar,  and  Shaul  th(;  son  of  a  Canaanitish  woman;  these 
are  the  famihes  of  Simeon.  IG  And  these  are  the  names  of  the 
sons  of  Levi  according  to  their  generations:  Ciersiion,  and  Ko- 
hath,  and  Merari ;  and  the  years  of  the  Ufe  of  Levi  were  a  hun- 
dred thirty  and  seven  years.  17  The  sons  of  Oershon:  Libni 
and  Shimei,  according  to  their  families.  18  And  the  sons  of 
Kohath:  Amram,  and  Izhar,  and  Hebron,  and  Uzziel;  and  the 
years  of  tlie  life  of  Kohath  were  a  hundred  thirty  and  three 
years.  19  And  the  sons  of  Merari:  Mahli  and  Mushi.  These 
are  the  famiUes  of  the  Levites  according  to  their  generations. 
20  And  Amram  took  liim  Jochebed  his  father's  sister  to  wife; 
and  she  bare  him  Aaron  and  Moses:  and  the  years  of  the  life 
of  Amram  were  a  hundred  and  thirty  and  seven  years.  21  And 
the  sons  of  Izhar:  Korah,  and  Nepheg,  and  Zichri.  22  And 
the  sons  of  Uzziel:  Mishael,  and  Elzaphan,  and  Sithri.  23  And 
Aaron  took  him  Elisheba,  the  daughter  of  Amminadab,  the 
sister  of  Nahshon,  to  w'lie;  and  she  bare  him  Nadab  and  Abihu, 
Eleazar  and  Ithamar.  24  And  the  sons  of  Korah:  Assir,  and 
Elkanah,  and  Abiasaph;  these  are  the  families  of  the  Ko- 
rahites,  25  And  Eleazar  Aaron's  son  took  him  one  of  the 
daughters  of  Putiel  to  wife ;  and  she  bare  him  Phinehas.  These 
arc  the  heads  of  the  fathers'  houses  of  the  Levites  according  to 
their  families.  26  These  are  that  Aaron  and  Moses,  to  whom 
Jehovah  said.  Bring  out  the  children  of  Israel  from  the  land  of 
Egypt  according  to  their  hosts.  27  These  are  they  that  spake 
to  Pharaoh  king  of  Egypt,  to  bring  out  the  children  of  Israel 
from  Egypt:  these  are  that  Moses  and  Aaron. 

20.  Aaron  as  Moses's  "Prophet."    J26i. 
Ex.  62^-72 

28  And  it  came  to  pass  on  the  day  when  Jehovah  spake  unto 
Moses  in  the  land  of  Egyi)t,  29  that  Jehovah  spake  unto 
Moses,  saying,  I  am  Jehovah:  speak  thou  unto  Pharaoh  king 
of  Egypt  all  that  I  speak  unto  thee.  30  And  ]\Ioses  said  be- 
fore Jehovah,  Behold,  I  am  of  uncircumciscd  lips,  and  how  shall 
Pharaoh  hearken  unto  me?  7^  And  Jehovah  saitl  unto  Moses, 
See,  I  have  made  thee  as  God  to  Pharaoh;  and  Aaron  thy 
brother  shall  be  thy  prophet.  2  Thou  shalt  speak  all  that  I 
command  thee;  and  x\aron  thy  brother  shall  si:)eak  unto 
Pharaoh,  that  he  let  the  children  of  Israel  go  out  of  his  land. 

21.  God  Foretells  the  Plagues.     Elliv. 
Ex.  7'-'' 

3  And  I  will  harden  Phanioii's  heart,  and  multiply  my  signs 
and  my  wonders  in  the  land  of  Egypt.     4  But  Pharaoh  will 


234  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH        [  Ex.  7^ 

not  hearken  unto  you,  and  I  will  lay  my  hand  upon  Egypt, 
and  bring  forth  my  hosts,  my  people  the  children  of  Israel,  out 
of  the  land  of  Egj^t  by  great  judgments.  5  And  the  Egyp- 
tians shall  know  that  I  am  Jehovah,  when  I  stretch  forth  my 
hand  upon  Egypt,  and  bring  out  the  children  of  Israel  from 
among  them.  6  And  Moses  and  Aaron  did  so;  as  Jehovah 
commanded  them,  so  did  they.  7  And  Moses  was  fourscore 
years  old,  and  Aaron  fourscore  and  three  years  old  when  they 
spake  unto  Pharaoh. 

22.  Appeal  TO  Pharaoh  :  Rods  Made  Reptiles.  J26i.  Ellvi, 

13i.     P63. 

Ex.  7«-i3 

8  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses  and  unto  Aaron,  saying, 
9  When  Pharaoh  shall  speak  unto  you,  saying,  Show  a  wonder 
for  you;  then  thou  shalt  say  unto  Aaron,  Take  thy  rod,  and 
cast  it  down  before  Pharaoh,  that  it  become  a  serpent.  10  And 
Moses  and  Aaron  went  in  unto  Pharaoh,  and  they  did  so,  as 
Jehovah  had  commanded :  and  Aaron  cast  down  his  rod  before 
Pharaoh  and  before  his  servants,  and  it  became  a  serpent. 
11  Then  Pharaoh  also  called  for  the  wise  men  and  the  sor- 
cerers: and  they  also,  the  magicians  of  Egypt,  did  in  like 
manner  with  their  enchantments.  12  For  they  cast  down 
every  man  his  rod,  and  they  became  serpents:  but  Aaron's 
rod  swallowed  up  their  rods.  13  And  Pharaoh's  heart  was 
hardened,  and  he  hearkened  not  unto  them;  as  Jehovah  had 
spoken. 

23.  The  Plagues.    J26.     E13. 

23i.  The  First  Plague:    Waters  Turn  to  Blood.      J26ii. 
E13ii. 

Ex     719-20a.21b-22 

19  And  Jehovah  said  unto  Moses,  Say  unto  Aaron,  Take 
thy  rod,  and  stretch  out  thy  hand  over  the  waters  of  Egypt, 
over  their  rivers,  over  their  streams,  and  over  their  pools,  and 
over  all  their  ponds  of  water,  that  they  may  become  blood; 
and  there  shall  be  blood  throughout  all  the  land  of  Egypt, 
both  in  vessels  of  wood  and  in  vessels  of  stone.  20a  And 
Moses  and  Aaron  did  so,  as  Jehovah  commanded. 

21b  And  the  blood  was  throughout  all  the  land  of  Egypt. 
22  And  the  magicians  of  Egypt  did  in  like  manner  with  their 
enchantments:  and  Pharaoh's  heart  was  hardened,  and  he 
hearkened  not  unto  them ;  as  Jehovah  had  spoken. 


22  The  word  tr.  "serpent"  means  any  large  reptile  (Am.  Rev.,  margin).    So  w.  9,  10,  11 
and  all  references  in  P  to  the  "serpent." 


...O'"]  P21-23iv  235 

23ii.  The  Second  Plague:  Frogs,    J26iii. 

Ex.  8*-^-^'*»> 

5  And  Jehovah  said  unto  Moses,  Say  unto  Aaron,  Stretch 
forth  thy  hand  with  thy  rod  over  the  rivers,  over  the  streams, 
and  over  the  pools,  and  cause  frogs  to  come  up  upon  the  land 
of  Egypt.  6  And  Aaron  stretched  out  his  hand  over  the  waters 
of  Egypt. 

And  the  frogs  came  up,  and  covered  the  hind  of  Egypt. 
7  And  the  magicians  did  in  like  manner  with  their  enchant- 
ments, and  brought  up  frogs  upon  the  land  of  Egypt,  15b  .  .  . 
and  hearkened  not  unto  them ;  as  Jehovah  had  spoken. 

23iii.  The  Third  Plague  :  Lice.     Not  in  J  or  E. 

Ex.  816-19 

16  And  Jehovah  said  unto  Moses,  Say  unto  Aaron,  Stretch 
out  thy  rod,  and  smite  the  dust  of  the  earth,  that  it  may  be- 
come lice  throughout  all  the  land  of  Egypt.  17  And  they  did 
so. 

And  Aaron  stretched  out  his  hand  with  his  rod,  and  smote 
the  dust  of  the  earth,  and  there  were  lice  upon  man,  and  upon 
beast ;  all  the  dust  of  the  earth  became  lice  throughout  all  the 
land  of  Egypt.  18  And  the  magicians  did  so  with  their  en- 
chantments to  bring  forth  lice,  but  they  could  not:  and  th(Te 
were  lice  upon  man,  and  upon  beast.  19  Then  the  magicians 
said  unto  Pharaoh,  This  is  the  finger  of  God:  and  Pharaoh's 
heart  was  hardened,  and  he  hearkened  not  unto  them;  as  Je- 
hovah had  spoken. 

23iv.  The  Fourth  Plague  :  Boils.     Not  in  J  or  E. 
Ex.  9^-12  11 9- 10 

8  And  Jehovah  said  unto  Moses  and  unto  Aaron,  Take  to 
you  handfuls  of  ashes  of  the  furnace,  and  let  Moses  sprinkle  it 
toward  heaven  in  the  sight  of  Pharaoh.  9  And  it  shall  become 
small  dust  over  all  the  land  of  Egypt,  and  there  shall  be  a  boil 
breaking  forth  with  blains  upon  man  and  upon  beast. 

11  And  tlu!  magicians  could  not  stand  Ix^fore  Moses  because 
of  the  boils;  for  the  boils  were  upon  the  magi(^ians,  and  upon 
all  the  Egyptians.  12  And  Jehovah  hardened  the  heart  of 
Pharaoh,  and  he  hearkened  not  unto  them;  as  Jehovah  had 
spoken  unto  Moses. 

9  And  Jehovah  said  unto  Moses,  Pharaoh  will  not  hearken  unto  you; 
that  my  wonders  may  be  multiplied  in  the  land  of  Egypt.  10  And  Moses 
and  Aaron  did  all  these  wonders  before  Pharaoh:  and  Jehovah  hardened 
Pharaoh's  heart,  and  lie  did  not  let  the  children  of  Israel  go  out  of  hia 
land. 


"ii  The  subject  of  v.  15b  is  Pharaoh,  cf.  P23i,  v.  22. 
23iv  119-10:  lip.  Smend  aud  McN.  find  Rje. 


236  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH       [  Ex.  12i 

23v.  Jehovah  Commands  the  Institution  of  the  Passover 
IN  Connection  with  the  Fifth  Plague  :  the  First- 
born.    J26ix.     P51. 

Ex.    121-20-28 

1  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses  and  Aaron  in  the  land  of 
Egypt,  saying,  2  This  month  shall  be  unto  you  the  beginning 
of  months:  it  shall  be  the  first  month  of  the  year  to  you. 
3  Speak  ye  unto  all  the  congregation  of  Israel,  saying,  In  the 
tenth  day  of  this  month  they  shall  take  to  them  every  man  a 
lamb,  according  to  their  fathers'  houses,  a  lamb  for  a  house- 
hold: 4  and  if  the  household  be  too  little  for  a  lamb,  then 
shall  he  and  his  neighbor  next  unto  his  house  take  one  accord- 
ing to  the  number  of  the  souls;  according  to  every  man's 
eating  ye  shall  make  your  count  for  the  lamb.  5  Your  lamb 
shall  be  without  blemish,  a  male  a  year  old:  ye  shall  take  it 
from  the  sheep,  or  from  the  goats:  6  and  ye  shall  keep  it 
until  the  fourteenth  day  of  the  same  month;  and  the  whole 
assembly  of  the  congregation  of  Israel  shall  kill  it  at  even. 
7  And  they  shall  take  of  the  blood,  and  put  it  on  the  two  side- 
posts  and  on  the  lintel,  upon  the  houses  wherein  they  shall 
eat  it.  8  And  they  shall  eat  the  flesh  in  that  night,  roast  with 
fire,  and  unleavened  bread;  with  bitter  herbs  they  shall  eat 
it.  9  Eat  not  of  it  raw,  nor  boiled  at  all  with  water,  but  roast 
with  fire;  its  head  with  its  legs  and  with  the  inwards  thereof. 
10  And  ye  shall  let  nothing  of  it  remain  until  the  morning; 
but  that  which  remaineth  of  it  until  the  morning  ye  shall  burn 
with  fire.  11  And  thus  shall  ye  eat  it:  with  your  loins  girded, 
your  shoes  on  your  feet,  and  your  staff  in  your  hand;  and  ye 
shall  eat  it  in  haste:  it  is  Jehovah's  passover.  12  For  I  will  go 
through  the  land  of  Egypt  in  that  night,  and  will  smite  all  the 
first-born  in  the  land  of  Egypt,  both  man  and  beast;  and 
against  all  the  gods  of  Egypt  I  will  execute  judgments:  I  am 
Jehovah.  13  And  the  blood  shall  be  to  you  for  a  token  upon 
the  houses  where  ye  are :  and  when  I  see  the  blood,  I  will  pass 
over  you,  and  there  shall  no  plague  be  upon  you  to  destroy 
you,  when  I  smite  the  land  of  Egypt.  14  And  this  day  shall 
be  unto  you  for  a  memorial,  and  ye  shall  keep  it  a  feast  to 
Jehovah :  throughout  your  generations  ye  shall  keep  it  a  feast 
by  an  ordinance  for  ever. 

15  Seven  days  shall  ye  eat  unleavened  bread;  even  the  first 
day  ye  shall  put  away  leaven  out  of  your  houses:  for  whoso- 
ever eateth  leavened  bread  from  the  first  day  until  the  seventh 
day,  that  soul  shall  be  cut  off  from  Israel.  16  And  in  the  first 
day  there  shall  be  to  you  a  holy  convocation,  and  in  the  seventh 


s'v  There  is  some  question  as  to  the  unity  of  vv.  1-20,  Pr.,  Ba.    Eerd.  regards  w.  1-14 
as  pre-exilic  and  pre-Deuteronomic  (contrasting  Ezra  6""-  2  Ch.  SO^"-  35""). 


...1218  ]  P23V-25  237 

day  a  holy  convocation;  no  manner  of  work  shall  be  done  in 
them,  save  that  which  every  man  must  eat,  that  only  may  be 
done  by  you.  17  And  ye  shall  observe  the  feast  of  unleavened 
bread;  for  in  this  selfsame  day  have  I  brought  your  hosts  out 
of  the  land  of  Egyi)t:  therefore  shall  ye  observe  this  day 
throughout  your  generations  by  an  ordinance  for  ever.  18  In 
the  first  month,  on  the  fourteenth  day  of  the  month  at  even, 
^ye  shall  eat  unleavened  bread,  until  the  one  and  twentieth  day 
of  the  month  at  even.  19  Severn  days  shall  there  be  no  leaven 
found  in  your  houses:  for  whosoever  eateth  that  which  is 
leavened,  that  soul  shall  be  cut  off  from  the  congregation  of 
Israel,  whether  he  be  a  sojourner,  or  one  that  is  born  in  the 
land.  20  Ye  shall  eat  nothing  leavened ;  in  all  your  habita- 
tions shall  ye  eat  unleavened  bread.  28  And  the  children  of 
Israel  went  and  did  so;  as  Jehovah  had  commanded  Moses 
and  Aaron,  so  did  they. 

24.  Departure  of  the  Israelites  from  Rameses  to  Suc- 

coTH.     J23x.     E13viii.     P79. 

Ex   i2''^''-^'^"'*^-"'2 

37a  And  the  children  of  Israel  journeyed  from  Rameses  to 
Succoth. 

40  Now  the  time  that  the  children  of  Israel  dwelt  in  Egypt 
was  four  hundred  and  thirty  years.  41  And  it  came  to  pass 
at  the  end  of  four  hundred  and  thirty  years,  even  the  selfsame 
day  it  came  to  pass,  that  all  the  hosts  of  Jehovah  went  out 
from  the  land  of  Egypt.  42  It  is  a  night  to  be  much  observed 
unto  Jehovah  for  bringing  them  out  from  the  land  of  Egypt: 
this  is  that  night  of  Jehovah,  to  be  much  observed  of  all  the 
children  of  Israel  throughout  their  generations. 

25.  The  Law  of  the  Passover:  Sojourners. 
Ex.  12»3-^i 

43  And  Jehovah  said  unto  Moses  and  Aaron,  This  is  the 
ordinance  of  the  passover:  there  shall  no  foreigner  eat  thereof; 
44  but  every  man's  servant  that  is  bought  for  money,  when 
thou  hast  circumcised  him,  th(>n  shall  he  eat  thereof.  45  A 
sojourner  and  a  hired  servant  shall  not  eat  thereof.  46  In  one 
house  shall  it  be  eaten;  thou  shalt  not  carry  forth  aught  of 
the  flesh  abroad  out  of  the  house;  neither  shall  ye  break  a 
bone  then^of.  47  All  the  congregation  of  Israel  shall  keep  it. 
48  And  wh(^n  a  stranger  shall  sojourn  with  thee,  and  will  keep 
the  passover  to  Jehovah,  let  all  his  males  be  circumcised,  and 
then  let  him  come  nt>ar  antl  keep  it ;  and  he  shall  be  as  one  that 
is  born  in  the  land :  but  no  uncircuraciscd   person  shall  eat 

'*  V.  42  is  difficult;  both  the  translation  and  the  analysis  of  this  verse  are  very  un- 
certain. 


238  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH     [  Ex.  12^8 

thereof-  49  One  law  shall  be  to  him  that  is  home-bom,  and 
unto  the  stranger  that  sojourneth  among  you.  50  Thus  did  all 
the  children  of  Israel;  as  Jehovah  commanded  Moses  and 
Aaron,  so  did  they.  51  And  it  came  to  pass  the  selfsame  day, 
that  Jehovah  did  bring  the  children  of  Israel  out  of  the  land 
of  Egypt  by  their  hosts. 

26.  The  Law  of  the  First-born.     J34, 
Ex.  131-2 

1  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  2  Sanctify  unto 
me  all  the  first-bom,  whatsoever  openeth  the  womb  among  the 
children  of  Israel,  both  of  man  and  of  beast :  it  is  mine. 

27.  Journey  from  Succoth  to  Pi-hahiroth.     P79. 
Ex.  1320  141-2 

20  And  they  took  their  journey  from  Succoth,  and  encamped 
in  Etham,  in  the  edge  of  the  wilderness. 

141  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  2  Speak  unto 
the  children  of  Israel,  that  they  turn  back  and  encamp  before 
Pi-hahiroth,  between  Migdol  and  the  sea,  before  Baal-zephon: 
over  against  it  shall  ye  encamp  by  the  sea. 

28.  Jehovah  Causes  Pharaoh  to  Pursue  the  Israelites, 

Who  Escape  Through  the  Red  Sea.    J27.    E14. 

Ex     144.8-9.15*.16b-18.21*.22-23.26-27a.28a.29 

4  And  I  will  harden  Pharaoh's  heart,  and  he  shall  follow 
after  them;  and  I  will  get  me  honor  upon  Pharaoh,  and  upon 
all  his  host ;  and  the  Egyptians  shall  know  that  I  am  Jehovah. 
And  they  did  so.  8  And  Jehovah  hardened  the  heart  of 
Pharaoh  king  of  Egypt,  and  he  pursued  after  the  children  of 
Israel:  for  the  children  of  Israel  went  out  with  a  high  hand. 
9  And  the  Egyptians  pursued  after  them,  all  the  horses  a7id 
chariots  of  Pharaoh,  and  his  horsemen,  and  his  army,  and 
overtook  them  encamping  by  the  sea,  beside  Pi-hahiroth,  be- 
fore Baal-zephon. 

15*  And  Jehovah  said  unto  Moses,  .  .  .  Speak  unto  the 
children  of  Israel,  that  they  go  forward.  16b  And  stretch  out 
thy  hand  over  the  sea,  and  divide  it :  and  the  children  of  Israel 
shall  go  into  the  midst  of  the  sea  on  dry  ground.  17  And  I, 
behold,  I  will  harden  the  hearts  of  the  Egyptians,  and  they 
shall  go  in  after  them :  and  I  will  get  me  honor  upon  Pharaoh, 
and  upon  all  his  host,  upon  his  chariots,  and  upon  his  horse- 
men. 18  And  the  Egyptians  shall  know  that  I  am  Jehovah, 
when  I  have  gotten  me  honor  upon  Pharaoh,  upon  his  chariots, 
and  upon  his  horsemen. 

21*  And  Moses  stretched  out  his  hand  over  the  sea,  .  .  . 


...16'o  ]  P25-29  239 

and  the  waters  were  divided.  22  And  the  children  of  Israel 
went  into  the  midst  of  the  sea  upon  the  dry  ground:  and  the 
waters  were  a  wall  unto  them  on  their  right  hand,  and  on  their 
left.  23  And  the  Egyptians  pursued,  and  went  in  after  them 
into  the  midst  of  the  sea,  all  Pharaoh's  horses,  his  chariots,  and 
his  horsemen. 

26  And  Jehovah  said  unto  Moses,  Stretch  out  thy  hand  over 
the  sea,  that  the  waters  may  come  again  upon  th(i  Egyptians, 
upon  their  chariots,  and  upon  their  horsemen.  27a  And  Moses 
stretched  forth  his  hand  over  the  sea. 

28a  And  the  waters  returned,  and  covered  the  chariots,  and 
the  horsemen,  even  all  the  host  of  Pharaoh  that  went  in  after 
them  into  the  sea.  29  But  the  children  of  Israel  walked  upon 
dry  lantl  in  the  midst  of  the  sea;  and  the  waters  were  a  wall 
unto  them  on  their  right  hand,  and  on  their  left. 

29.  Israelites  Are  Fed  with  Quails  and  Bread.    J29,  36. 

Ex      l()l-3-6-13a.l5b-20. 22-36 

1  And  they  took  their  journey  from  Elim,  and  all  the  con- 
gregation of  the  children  of  Israel  came  unto  the  wilderness  of 
Sin,  which  is  between  Elim  and  Sinai,  on  the  fifteenth  day  of 
the  second  month  after  their  departing  out  of  the  land  of 
Egypt.  2  And  the  whole  congregation  of  the  children  of 
Israel  murmured  against  Moses  and  against  Aaron  in  the  wil- 
derness: 3  and  the  children  of  Israel  said  unto  them,  Would 
that  we  had  died  by  the  hand  of  Jehovah  in  the  land  of  Egypt, 
when  we  sat  by  the  flesh-pots,  when  we  did  eat  bread  to  the 
full;  for  ye  have  brought  us  forth  into  this  wilderness,  to  kill 
this  whole  assembly  \vith  hunger. 

6  And  Moses  and  Aaron  said  unto  all  the  children  of  Israel, 
At  even,  then  ye  shall  know  that  Jehovah  hath  brought  you 
out  from  the  land  of  Egypt;  7  and  in  the  morning,  then  ye 
shall  see  the  glory  of  Jeliovah ;  for  that  he  hearcth  your  mur- 
murings  against  Jehovah :  and  what  are  we,  that  ye  murmur 
against  us?  8  And  Moses  said.  This  shall  be,  when  Jehovah 
shall  give  you  in  the  evening  flesh  to  eat,  and  in  the  morning 
bread  to  the  full;  for  that  Jehovah  heareth  your  murmurings 
which  ye  murmur  against  him:  and  what  are  we?  your  mur- 
murings are  not  against  us,  but  against  Jehovah.  9  And 
Moses  said  unto  Aaron,  Say  unto  all  the  congregation  of  the 
children  of  Israel,  Come  near  before  Jehovah;  for  he  hath 
heard  your  murmurings.  10  And  it  came  to  i)ass,  as  Aaron 
spake  unto  the  whole  congregation  of  the  children  of  Israel, 
that  they  looked  toward  the  wilderness,  and,  behold,  the  glory 

2'  There  is  no  oonaensua  regarding  the  details  of  analysis  in  this  chapter.  E.  g.,  Smend 
finds  no  P  in  vv.  10-30. 


240  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH     [  Ex.  IG^o 

of  Jehovah  appeared  in  the  cloud.  11  And  Jehovah  spake 
unto  Moses,  saying,  12  I  have  heard  the  murmurings  of  the 
children  of  Israel:  speak  unto  them,  saying,  At  even  ye  shall 
eat  flesh,  and  in  the  morning  ye  shall  be  filled  with  bread ;  and 
ye  shall  know  that  I  am  Jehovah  your  God. 

13  And  it  came  to  pass  at  even,  that  the  quails  came  up, 
and  covered  the  camp. 

15b  And  Moses  said  unto  them,  It  is  the  bread  which  Jeho- 
vah hath  given  you  to  eat.  16  This  is  the  thing  which  Jehovah 
hath  commanded.  Gather  ye  of  it  every  man  according  to  his 
eating;  an  omer  a  head,  according  to  the  number  of  your  per- 
sons, shall  ye  take  it,  every  man  for  them  that  are  in  his  tent. 
17  And  the  children  of  Israel  did  so,  and  gathered  some  more, 
some  less.  18  And  when  they  measured  it  with  an  omer,  he 
that  gathered  much  had  nothing  over,  and  he  that  gathered 
little  had  no  lack;  they  gathered  every  man  according  to  his 
eating.  19  And  Moses  said  unto  them,  Let  no  man  leave  of  it 
till  the  morning.  20  Notwithstanding  they  hearkened  not  unto 
Moses;  but  some  of  them  left  of  it  until  the  morning,  and  it 
bred  worms,  and  became  foul :  and  Moses  was  wroth  with 
them. 

22  And  it  came  to  pass,  that  on  the  sixth  day  they  gathered 
twice  as  much  bread,  two  omers  for  each  one:  and  all  the 
rulers  of  the  congregation  came  and  told  Moses.  23  And  he 
said  unto  them.  This  is  that  which  Jehovah  hath  spoken.  To- 
morrow is  a  solemn  rest,  a  holy  sabbath  unto  Jehovah:  bake 
that  which  ye  will  bake,  and  boil  that  which  ye  will  boil;  and 
all  that  remaineth  over  lay  up  for  you  to  be  kept  until  the 
morning.  24  And  they  laid  it  up  till  the  morning,  as  Moses 
bade :  and  it  did  not  become  foul,  neither  was  there  any  worm 
therein.  25  And  Moses  said.  Eat  that  to-day ;  for  to-day  is  a 
sabbath  unto  Jehovah :  to-day  ye  shall  not  find  it  in  the  field. 
26  Six  days  ye  shall  gather  it;  but  on  the  seventh  day  is  the 
sabbath,  in  it  there  shall  be  none.  27  And  it  came  to  pass  on 
the  seventh  day,  that  there  went  out  some  of  the  people  to 
gather,  and  they  found  none.  28  And  Jehovah  said  unto 
Moses,  How  long  refuse  ye  to  keep  my  commandments  and  my 
laws?  29  See,  for  that  Jehovah  hath  given  you  the  sabbath, 
therefore  he  giveth  you  on  the  sixth  day  the  bread  of  two  days ; 
abide  ye  every  man  in  his  place,  let  no  man  go  out  of  his  place 
on  the  seventh  day.  30  So  the  people  rested  on  the  seventh 
day. 

31  And  the  house  of  Israel  called  the  name  thereof  Manna: 
and  it  was  like  coriander  seed,  white;  and  the  taste  of  it  was 
like  wafers  made  with  honey.  32  And  Moses  said.  This  is  the 
thing  which  Jehovah  hath  commanded,  Let  an  omerful  of  it 


,..25'  ]  P29-32  241 

be  kept  throughout  your  generations,  that  they  may  see  the 
bread  wherewith  I  fed  you  in  the  wilderness,  when  I  brought 
you  forth  from  the  land  of  Egypt.  33  And  Moses  said  unto 
Aaron,  Take  a  pot,  and  put  an  omerful  of  manna  therein,  and 
lay  it  up  before  Jehovah,  to  be  kept  throughout  your  genera- 
tions. 34  As  Jehovah  commanded  Moses,  so  Aaron  laid  it  up 
before  the  Testimony,  to  be  kept.  35  And  the  children  of  Is- 
rael did  eat  the  manna  forty  years,  until  they  came  to  a  land 
inhabited;  they  did  eat  the  manna,  until  they  came  unto  the 
borders  of  the  land  of  Canaan.  36  Now  an  omer  is  the  tenth  part 
of  an  ephah. 

30.  Journey  from  the  Wilderness  of  Sin  to  the  Wilder- 

ness OF  Sinai.     P54,  79. 

Ex.  l?!"^  192^-1 

la  And  all  the  congregation  of  the  children  of  Israel  jour- 
neyed from  the  wilderness  of  Sin,  by  their  journeys,  according 
to  the  commandment  of  Jehovah,  and  encamped  in  Rephidim. 
19^"  And  when  they  were  departed  from  Rephidim,  and  were 
come  to  the  wilderness  of  Sinai,  they  encamped  in  the  wilder- 
ness. 1  In  the  third  month  after  the  children  of  Israel  were 
gone  forth  out  of  the  land  of  Egypt,  the  same  day  came  they 
into  the  wilderness  of  Sinai. 

31.  Appearance  of  Jehovah  on  Sinai.    J31.     E22. 

Ex.  241^b-18a 

15b  And  the  cloud  covered  the  mount.  16  And  the  glory  of 
Jehovah  abode  upon  mount  Sinai,  and  the  cloud  covered  it 
six  days :  and  the  seventh  day  he  called  unto  Moses  out  of  the 
midst  of  the  cloud.  17  And  the  appearance  of  the  glory  of 
Jehovah  was  like  devouring  fire  on  the  top  of  the  mount  in  the 
eyes  of  the  children  of  Israel.  18a  And  Moses  entered  into  the 
midst  of  the  cloud. 

32.  Instructions  for  Building  ti£e  Tabe'rnacle  and  the 

Ark.     E28,  29. 

Ex.  25'-31'i 
o  /r      And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,    2  Speak  unto 

^  the  children  of  Israel,  that  they  take  for  me  an  offering: 
of  every  man  whose  heart  maketh  him  willing  ye  shall  take  my 
offering.  3  And  this  is  the  offering  which  ye  shall  take  of 
them:  gold,  and  silver,  and  brass,  4  and  blue,  and  purple, 
and  scarlet,  and  fine  linen,  and  goats'  hair,  5  and  rams'  skins 
dyed  red,  and  sealskins,  and  acacia  wood,  6  oil  for  the  light, 
spices  for  the  anointing  oil,  and  for  the  sweet  incense,  7  onyx 
stones,  and  stones  to  be  set,  for  the  ephod,  and  for  the  breast- 


242  SOURCES   OF  THE  HEXATEUCH      [Ex.25' 

plate.  8  And  let  them  make  me  a  sanctuary,  that  I  may  dwell 
among  them.  9  According  to  all  that  I  show  thee,  the  pattern 
of  the  tabernacle,  and  the  pattern  of  all  the  furniture  thereof, 
even  so  shall  ye  make  it. 

10  And  they  shall  make  an  ark  of  acacia  wood:  two  cubits 
and  a  half  shall  be  the  length  thereof,  and  a  cubit  and  a  half 
the  breadth  thereof,  and  a  cubit  and  a  half  the  height  thereof. 
11  And  thou  shalt  overlay  it  with  pure  gold,  within  and  with- 
out shalt  thou  overlay  it,  and  shalt  make  upon  it  a  crown  of 
gold  round  about.  12  And  thou  shalt  cast  four  rings  of  gold 
for  it,  and  put  them  in  the  four  feet  thereof;  and  two  rings 
shall  be  on  the  one  side  of  it,  and  two  rings  on  the  other  side  of 
it.  13  And  thou  shalt  make  staves  of  acacia  wood,  and  overlay 
them  with  gold.  14  And  thou  shalt  put  the  staves  into  the 
rings  on  the  sides  of  the  ark,  wherewith  to  bear  the  ark.  15  The 
staves  shall  be  in  the  rings  of  the  ark :  they  shall  not  be  taken 
from  it,  16  And  thou  shalt  put  into  the  ark  the  testimony 
which  I  shall  give  thee.  17  And  thou  shalt  make  a  mercy-seat 
of  pure  gold :  two  cubits  and  a  half  shall  he  the  length  thereof, 
and  a  cubit  and  a  half  the  breadth  thereof.  18  And  thou  shalt 
make  two  cherubim  of  gold;  of  beaten  work  shalt  thou  make 
them,  at  the  two  ends  of  the  mercy-seat.  19  And  make  one 
cherub  at  the  one  end,  and  one  cherub  at  the  other  end:  of 
one  piece  with  the  mercy-seat  shall  ye  make  the  cherubim  on 
the  two  ends  thereof.  20  And  the  cherubim  shall  spread  out 
their  wings  on  high,  covering  the  mercy-seat  with  their  wings, 
with  their  faces  one  to  another;  toward  the  mercy-seat  shall 
the  faces  of  the  cherubim  be.  21  And  thou  shalt  put  the 
mercy-seat  above  upon  the  ark;  and  in  the  ark  thou  shalt 
put  the  testimony  that  I  shall  give  thee.  22  And  there  I  will 
meet  with  thee,  and  I  will  commune  with  thee  from  above  the 
mercy-seat,  from  between  the  two  cherubim  which  are  upon 
the  ark  of  the  testimony,  of  all  things  which  I  will  give  thee  in 
commandment  unto  the  children  of  Israel. 

23  And  thou  shalt  make  a  table  of  acacia  wood :  two  cubits 
shall  be  the  length  thereof,  and  a  cubit  the  breadth  thereof,  and 
a  cubit  and  a  half  the  height  thereof.  24  And  thou  shalt  over- 
lay it  with  pure  gold,  and  make  thereto  a  crown  of  gold  round 
about.  25  And  thou  shalt  make  unto  it  a  border  of  a  hand- 
breadth  round  about;  and  thou  shalt  make  a  golden  crown  to 
the  border  thereof  round  about.  26  And  thou  shalt  make  for 
it  four  rings  of  gold,  and  put  the  rings  in  the  four  corners  that 
are  on  the  four  feet  thereof.  27  Close  by  the  border  shall  the 
rings  be,  for  places  for  the  staves  to  bear  the  table.  28  And 
thou  shalt  make  the  staves  of  acacia  wood,  and  overlay  them 
with  gold,  that  the  table  may  be  borne  with  them.    29  And 


-268 ]  P32  243 

thou  shalt  make  the  dishes  thereof,  and  the  spoons  thereof,  and 
the  flagons  thereof,  and  the  bowls  thereof,  wherewith  to  pour 
out:  of  pure  gold  shalt  thou  make  them.  30  And  thou  shalt 
set  upon  the  table  showbread  before  me  alway. 

31  And  thou  shalt  make  a  candlestick  of  pure  gold:  of 
beaten  work  shall  the  candlestick  be  made,  even  its  base,  and 
its  shaft;  its  cups,  its  knops,  and  its  flowers,  shall  be  of  one 
piece  with  it:  32  and  there  shall  be  six  branches  going  out  of 
the  sides  thereof;  three  branches  of  the  candlestick  out  of  the 
one  side  thereof,  and  three  branches  of  the  candlestick  out 
of  the  other  side  thereof:  33  three  cups  made  like  almond- 
blossoms  in  one  Ijranch,  a  knop  and  a  flower;  and  three  cups 
made  like  almontl-blossoms  in  the  other  branch,  a  knop  and  a 
flower:  so  for  the  six  branches  going  out  of  the  candlestick: 
34  and  in  the  candlestick  four  cups  made  like  almond-blossoms, 
the  knops  thereof,  and  the  flowers  thereof;  35  and  a  knop 
under  two  branches  of  one  piece  with  it,  and  a  knop  under  two 
branches  of  one  piece  with  it,  and  a  knop  under  two  branches 
of  one  piece  with  it,  for  the  six  branches  going  out  of  the  can- 
dlestick. 36  Their  knops  and  their  branches  shall  be  of  one 
piece  with  it;  the  whole  of  it  one  beaten  work  of  pure  gold. 

37  And  thou  shalt  make  the  lamps  thereof,  seven:  and  they 
shall  light  the  lamps  thereof,   to  give  light  over  against  it. 

38  And  the  snuffers  thereof,  and  the  snuffdishes  thereof,  shall 
be  of  pure  gold.  39  Of  a  talent  of  pure  gold  shall  it  be  made, 
with  all  these  vessels.  40  And  see  that  thou  make  them  after 
their  pattern,  which  hath  been  showed  thee  in  the  mount. 
o^  Moreover  thou  shalt  make  the  tabernacle  with  ten  cur- 
■^^  tains;  of  fine  twined  linen,  and  blue,  and  purple,  and 
scarlet,  with  cherubim  the  work  of  the  skilful  workman  shalt 
thou  make  them.  2  The  length  of  each  curtain  shall  be  eight 
and  twenty  cubits,  and  the  breadth  of  each  curtain  four  cubits : 
all  the  curtains  shall  have  one  measure.  3  Five  curtains  shall 
be  coupled  together  one  to  another;  and  the  other  five  curtains 
shall  be  coupled  one  to  another.  4  And  thou  shalt  make  loops 
of  blue  upon  the  edge  of  the  one  curtain  from  the  selvedge  in 
the  coupling;  and  likewise  shalt  thou  make  in  the  edge  of  the 
curtain  that  is  outmost  in  the  second  coupling.  5  Fifty  loops 
shalt  thou  make  in  the  one  curtain,  and  fifty  loops  shalt  thou 
make  in  the  edge  of  the  curtain  that  is  in  the  second  coupling; 
the  loops  shall  be  opposite  one  to  another.  6  And  thou  shalt 
make  fifty  clas])s  of  gold,  and  couple  the  curtains  one  to  another 
with  th(>  clasps :  and  the  tabernacle  shall  be  one  whole. 

7  And  thou  shalt  make  curtains  of  goats'  hair  for  a  tent  over 
the  tabernacle:  eleven  curtains  shalt  thou  make  them.  8  The 
length  of  each  curtain  shall  be  thirty  cubits,  and  the  breadth 


244  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH      [  Ex.  268 

of  each  curtain  four  cubits :  the  eleven  curtains  shall  have  one 
measure.  9  And  thou  shalt  couple  five  curtains  by  themselves, 
and  six  curtains  by  themselves,  and  shalt  double  over  the  sixth 
curtain  in  the  forefront  of  the  tent.  10  And  thou  shalt  make 
fifty  loops  on  the  edge  of  the  one  curtain  that  is  outmost  in  the 
coupling,  and  fifty  loops  upon  the  edge  of  the  curtain  which  is 
outmost  in  the  second  coupling.  11  And  thou  shalt  make  fifty 
clasps  of  brass,  and  put  the  clasps  into  the  loops,  and  couple 
the  tent  together,  that  it  may  be  one.  12  And  the  overhanging 
part  that  remaineth  of  the  curtains  of  the  tent,  the  half  curtain 
that  remaineth,  shall  hang  over  the  back  of  the  tabernacle. 
13  And  the  cubit  on  the  one  side,  and  the  cubit  on  the  other 
side,  of  that  which  remaineth  in  the  length  of  the  curtains  of 
the  tent,  shall  hang  over  the  sides  of  the  tabernacle  on  this 
side  and  on  that  side,  to  cover  it.  14  And  thou  shalt  make  a 
covering  for  the  tent  of  rams'  skins  dyed  red,  and  a  covering  of 
sealskins  above. 

15  And  thou  shalt  make  the  boards  for  the  tabernacle  of 
acacia  wood,  standing  up.  16  Ten  cubits  shall  be  the  length 
of  a  board,  and  a  cubit  and  a  half  the  breadth  of  each  board. 
17  Two  tenons  shall  there  be  in  each  board,  joined  one  to 
another :  thus  shalt  thou  make  for  all  the  boards  of  the  taber- 
nacle. 18  And  thou  shalt  make  the  boards  for  the  tabernacle, 
twenty  boards  for  the  south  side  southward.  19  And  thou 
shalt  make  forty  sockets  of  silver  under  the  twenty  boards; 
two  sockets  under  one  board  for  its  two  tenons,  and  two  sockets 
under  another  board  for  its  two  tenons :  20  and  for  the  second 
side  of  the  tabernacle,  on  the  north  side,  twenty  boards,  21  and 
their  forty  sockets  of  silver;  two  sockets  under  one  board,  and 
two  sockets  under  another  board.  22  And  for  the  hinder  part 
of  the  tabernacle  westward  thou  shalt  make  six  boards.  23  And 
two  boards  shalt  thou  make  for  the  corners  of  the  tabernacle 
in  the  hinder  part.  24  And  they  shall  be  double  beneath,  and 
in  Uke  manner  they  shall  be  entire  unto  the  top  thereof  unto 
one  ring:  thus  shall  it  be  for  them  both;  they  shall  be  for  the 
two  corners.  25  And  there  shall  be  eight  boards,  and  their 
sockets  of  silver,  sixteen  sockets ;  two  sockets  under  one  board, 
and  two  sockets  under  another  board. 

26  And  thou  shalt  make  bars  of  acacia  wood;  five  for  the 
boards  of  the  one  side  of  the  tabernacle,  27  and  five  bars  for 
the  boards  of  the  other  side  of  the  tabernacle,  and  five  bars 
for  the  boards  of  the  side  of  the  tabernacle,  for  the  hinder  part 
westward.  28  And  the  middle  bar  in  the  midst  of  the  boards 
shall  pass  through  from  end  to  end.  29  And  thou  shalt  overlay 
the  boards  with  gold,  and  make  their  rings  of  gold  for  places 
for  the  bars :  and  thou  shalt  overlay  the  bars  with  gold.    30  And 


-27^1 1  P32  245 

thou  shalt  rear  up  the  tabernacle  according  to  the  fashion 
thereof  which  hath  been  showed  thee  in  the  mount. 

31  And  thou  shalt  make  a  veil  of  blue,  and  purple,  and 
scarlet,  and  fine  twined  linen:  with  cherubim  the  work  of  the 
skilful  workman  shall  it  be  made:  32  and  thou  shalt  hang  it 
upon  four  pillars  of  acacia  overlaid  with  gold;  their  hooks 
shall  be  of  gold,  upon  four  sockets  of  silver.  33  And  thou  shalt 
hang  up  the  veil  under  the  clasps,  and  shalt  bring  in  thither 
within  the  veil  the  ark  of  the  testimony:  and  the  veil  shall 
separate  unto  you  between  the  holy  place  and  the  most  holy. 
34  And  thou  shalt  put  the  mercy-seat  upon  the  ark  of  the 
testimony  in  the  most  holy  place.  35  And  thou  shalt  set  the 
table  without  the  veil,  and  the  candlestick  over  against  the 
table  on  the  side  of  the  tabernacle  toward  the  south :  and  thou 
shalt  put  the  table  on  the  north  side. 

36  And  thou  shalt  make  a  screen  for  the  door  of  the  Tent, 
of  blue,  and  purple,  and  scarlet,  and  fine  twined  linen,  the 
work  of  the  embroiderer.  37  And  thou  shalt  make  for  the 
screen  five  pillars  of  acacia,  and  overlay  them  with  gold ;  their 
hooks  shall  be  of  gold :  and  thou  shalt  cast  five  sockets  of  brass 
for  them. 

And  thou  shalt  make  the  altar  of  acacia  wood,  five 
cubits  long,  and  five  cubits  broad;  the  altar  shall  be 
foursquare:  and  the  height  thereof  shall  be  three  cubits. 
2  And  thou  shalt  make  the  horns  of  it  upon  the  four  corners 
thereof;  the  horns  thereof  shall  be  of  one  piece  with  it:  and 
thou  shalt  overlay  it  with  brass.  3  And  thou  shalt  make  its 
pots  to  take  away  its  ashes,  and  its  shovels,  and  its  basins,  and 
its  flesh-hooks,  and  its  firepans:  all  the  vessels  thereof  thou 
shalt  make  of  brass.  4  And  thou  shalt  make  for  it  a  grating 
of  network  of  brass;  and  upon  the  net  shalt  thou  make  four 
brazen  rings  in  the  four  corners  thereof.  5  And  thou  shalt  put 
it  under  the  ledge  round  the  altar  beneath,  that  the  net  may 
reach  halfway  up  the  altar.  6  And  thou  shalt  make  staves 
for  the  altar,  staves  of  acacia  wood,  and  overlay  them  with 
brass.  7  And  the  staves  thereof  shall  be  put  into  the  rings, 
and  the  staves  shall  be  upon  the  two  sides  of  the  altar,  in  bear- 
ing it.  8  Hollow  with  planks  shalt  thou  make  it:  as  it  hath 
been  showed  thee  in  the  mount,  so  shall  they  make  it. 

9  And  thou  shalt  make  the  court  of  the  tabernacle:  for  the 
south  side  southward  there  shall  be  hangings  for  the  court  of 
fine  twined  linen  a  hundred  cubits  long  for  one  side:  10  and 
the  pillars  thereof  shall  be  twenty,  and  their  sockets  twenty, 
of  brass;  the  hooks  of  the  pillars  and  their  fillets  shall  be  of 
silver.  11  And  likewise  for  the  north  side  in  length  there  shall 
be  hangings  a  hundred  cubits  long,  and  the  pillars  thereof 


27 


246  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH     [Ex.  27ii 

twenty,  and  their  sockets  twenty,  of  brass;  the  hooks  of  the 
pillars,  and  their  fillets,  of  silver.  12  And  for  the  breadth  of 
the  court  on  the  west  side  shall  be  hangings  of  fifty  cubits; 
their  pillars  ten,  and  their  sockets  ten.  13  And  the  breadth 
of  the  court  on  the  east  side  eastward  shall  be  fifty  cubits. 
14  The  hangings  for  the  one  side  of  the  gate  shall  be  fifteen 
cubits ;  their  pillars  three,  and  their  sockets  three.  15  And  for 
the  other  side  shall  be  hangings  of  fifteen  cubits;  their  pillars 
three,  and  their  sockets  three.  16  And  for  the  gate  of  the 
court  shall  be  a  screen  of  twenty  cubits,  of  blue,  and  purple, 
and  scarlet,  and  fine  twined  hnen,  the  work  of  the  embroiderer ; 
their  pillars  four,  and  their  sockets  four.  17  All  the  pillars  of 
the  court  round  about  shall  be  filleted  with  silver;  their  hooks 
of  silver,  and  their  sockets  of  brass.  18  The  length  of  the 
court  shall  be  a  hundred  cubits,  and  the  breadth  fifty  every 
where,  and  the  height  five  cubits,  of  fine  twined  linen,  and  their 
sockets  of  brass.  19  All  the  instruments  of  the  tabernacle  in 
all  the  service  thereof,  and  all  the  pins  thereof,  and  all  the 
pins  of  the  court,  shall  be  of  brass. 

20  And  thou  shalt  command  the  children  of  Israel,  that  they 
bring  unto  thee  pure  ohve  oil  beaten  for  the  light,  to  cause  a 
lamp  to  burn  continually.  21  In  the  tent  of  meeting,  without 
the  veil  which  is  before  the  testimony,  Aaron  and  his  sons  shall 
keep  it  in  order  from  evening  to  morning  before  Jehovah:  it 
shall  be  a  statute  for  ever  throughout  their  generations  on  the 
behalf  of  the  children  of  Israel. 

OQ  And  bring  thou  near  unto  thee  Aaron  thy  brother,  and 
^^  his  sons  with  him,  from  among  the  children  of  Israel,  that 
he  may  minister  unto  me  in  the  priest's  office,  even  Aaron, 
Nadab  and  Abihu,  Eleazar  and  Ithamar,  Aaron's  sons.  2  And 
thou  shalt  make  holy  garments  for  Aaron  thy  brother,  for 
glory  and  for  beauty.  3  And  thou  shalt  speak  unto  all  that 
are  wise-hearted,  whom  I  have  filled  with  the  spirit  of  wisdom, 
that  they  make  Aaron's  garments  to  sanctify  him,  that  he  may 
minister  unto  me  in  the  priest's  office.  4  And  these  are  the 
garments  which  they  shall  make :  a  breastplate,  and  an  ephod, 
and  a  robe,  and  a  coat  of  checker  work,  a  mitre,  and  a  girdle : 
and  they  shall  make  holy  garments  for  Aaron  thy  brother,  and 
his  sons,  that  he  may  minister  unto  me  in  the  priest's  office. 
5  And  they  shall  take  the  gold,  and  the  blue,  and  the  purple, 
and  the  scarlet,  and  the  fine  linen. 

6  And  they  shall  make  the  ephod  of  gold,  of  blue,  and  purple, 
scarlet,  and  fine  twined  linen,  the  work  of  the  skilful  workman. 
7  It  shall  have  two  shoulder-pieces  joined  to  the  two  ends 
thereof,  that  it  may  be  joined  together.  8  And  the  skilfully 
woven  band,  which  is  upon  it,  wherewith  to  gird  it  on,  shall  be 


-2828  ]  P32  247 

like  the  work  thereof  and  of  the  same  piece;  of  gold,  of  blue, 
and  purple,  and  scarlet,  and  fine  twined  linen.  9  And  thou 
shalt  take  two  onyx  stones,  and  grave  on  them  the  names  of 
the  children  of  Israel :  10  six  of  their  names  on  the  one  stone, 
and  the  names  of  the  six  that  remain  on  the  other  stone,  ac- 
cording to  their  hirth.  11  With  the  w^ork  of  an  engraver  in 
stone,  like  the  engravings  of  a  signet,  shalt  thou  engrave  the 
two  stones,  according  to  the  names  of  the  children  of  Israel: 
thou  shalt  make  them  to  be  inclosed  in  settings  of  gold.  12  And 
thou  shalt  put  the  two  stones  upon  the  shoulder-pieces  of  the 
ephod,  to  be  stones  of  memorial  for  the  children  of  Israel :  and 
Aaron  shall  bear  their  names  before  Jehovah  upon  his  two 
shoulders  for  a  memorial.  13  And  thou  shalt  make  settings  of 
gold,  14  and  two  chains  of  pure  gold;  like  cords  shalt  thou 
make  them  of  wreathen  work :  and  thou  shalt  put  the  wreathen 
chains  on  the  settings. 

15  And  thou  shalt  make  a  breastplate  of  judgment,  the  work 
of  the  skilful  workman ;  like  the  work  of  the  ephod  thou  shalt 
make  it;  of  gold,  of  blue,  and  purple,  and  scarlet,  and  fine 
twined  linen,  shalt  thou  make  it.  16  Foursquare  it  shall  be 
and  double;  a  span  shall  be  the  length  thereof,  and  a  span 
the  breadth  thereof.  17  And  thou  shalt  set  in  it  settings  of 
stones,  four  rows  of  stones:  a  row  of  sardius,  topaz,  and  car- 
buncle shall  be  the  first  row;  18  and  the  second  row  an  emer- 
ald, a  sapphire,  and  a  diamond;  19  and  the  third  row  a  ja- 
cinth, an  agate,  and  an  amethyst;  20  and  the  fourth  row  a 
beryl,  and  an  onyx,  and  a  jasper:  they  shall  be  inclosed  in  gold 
in  their  settings.  21  And  the  stones  shall  be  according  to  the 
names  of  the  children  of  Israel,  twelve,  according  to  their 
names;  like  the  engravings  of  a  signet,  every  one  according 
to  his  name,  they  shall  be  for  the  twelve  tribes.  22  And  thou 
shalt  make  upon  the  breastplate  chains  like  cords,  of  wreathen 
work  of  pure  gold.  23  And  thou  shalt  make  \\\)on  the  breast- 
plate two  rings  of  gold,  and  shalt  put  the  two  rings  on  the  two 
ends  of  the  breastplate.  24  And  thou  shalt  put  the  two  wreathen 
chains  of  gold  in  the  two  rings  at  the  ends  of  the  breastplate. 
25  And  the  other  two  ends  of  the  two  ^vreathen  chains  thou 
shalt  put  on  the  two  settings,  and  put  them  on  the  shoulder- 
pieces  of  the  ephod  in  the  forepart  thereof.  26  And  thou  shalt 
make  two  rings  of  gold,  and  thou  shalt  put  them  upon  the 
two  ends  of  the  breastplate,  upon  the  edge  tluTCof,  w4iich  is 
toward  the  side  of  the  ephod  inward.  27  And  thou  shalt 
make  two  rings  of  gold,  and  shalt  put  them  on  the  two  shoulder- 
pieces  of  the  ephod  underneath,  in  the  forepart  thereof,  close 
by  the  coupling  thereof,  above  the  skilfully  woven  band  of  the 
ephod.    28  And  they  shall  bind  the  breastplate  by  the  rings 


248  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH     [Ex.2828 

thereof  unto  the  rings  of  the  ephod  with  a  lace  of  blue,  that  it 
may  be  upon  the  skilfully  woven  band  of  the  ephod,  and  that 
the  breastplate  be  not  loosed  from  the  ephod.  29  And  Aaron 
shall  bear  the  names  of  the  children  of  Israel  in  the  breastplate 
of  judgment  upon  his  heart,  when  he  goeth  in  unto  the  holy 
place,  for  a  memorial  before  Jehovah  continually.  30  And 
thou  shalt  put  in  the  breastplate  of  judgment  the  Urim  and 
the  Thummim ;  and  they  shall  be  upon  Aaron's  heart,  when  he 
goeth  in  before  Jehovah:  and  Aaron  shall  bear  the  judgment  of 
the  children  of  Israel  upon  his  heart  before  Jehovah  continually. 
31  And  thou  shalt  make  the  robe  of  the  ephod  all  of  blue. 

32  And  it  shall  have  a  hole  for  the  head  in  the  midst  thereof: 
it  shall  have  a  binding  of  woven  work  round  about  the  hole 
of  it,  as  it  were  the  hole  of  a  coat  of  mail,  that  it  be  not  rent. 

33  And  upon  the  skirts  of  it  thou  shalt  make  pomegranates  of 
blue,  and  of  purple,  and  of  scarlet,  round  about  the  skirts 
thereof;  and  bells  of  gold  between  them  round  about:  34  a 
golden  bell  and  a  pomegranate,  a  golden  bell  and  a  pomegranate, 
upon  the  skirts  of  the  robe  round  about.  35  And  it  shall  be 
upon  Aaron  to  minister :  and  the  sound  thereof  shall  be  heard 
when  he  goeth  in  unto  the  holy  place  before  Jehovah,  and  when 
he  Cometh  out,  that  he  die  not. 

36  And  thou  shalt  make  a  plate  of  pure  gold,  and  grave 
upon  it,  like  the  engravings  of  a  signet,  HOLY  TO  JEHOVAH. 
37  And  thou  shalt  put  it  on  a  lace  of  blue,  and  it  shall  be  upon 
the  mitre;  upon  the  forefront  of  the  mitre  it  shall  be.  38  And 
it  shall  be  upon  Aaron's  forehead,  and  Aaron  shall  bear  the 
iniquity  of  the  holy  things,  which  the  children  of  Israel  shall 
hallow  in  all  their  holy  gifts;  and  it  shall  be  always  upon  his 
forehead,  that  they  may  be  accepted  before  Jehovah.  39  And 
thou  shalt  weave  the  coat  in  checker  work  of  fine  linen,  and 
thou  shalt  make  a  mitre  of  fine  linen,  and  thou  shalt  make  a 
girdle,  the  work  of  the  embroiderer. 

40  And  for  Aaron's  sons  thou  shalt  make  coats,  and  thou 
shalt  make  for  them  girdles,  and  head-tires  shalt  thou  make 
for  them,  for  glory  and  for  beauty.  41  And  thou  shalt  put 
them  upon  Aaron  thy  brother,  and  upon  his  sons  with  him, 
and  shalt  anoint  them,  and  consecrate  them,  and  sanctify  them, 
that  they  may  minister  unto  me  in  the  priest's  office.  42  And 
thou  shalt  make  them  linen  breeches  to  cover  the  flesh  of  their 
nakedness;  from  the  loins  even  unto  the  thighs  they  shall 
reach:  43  and  they  shall  be  upon  Aaron,  and  upon  his  sons, 
when  they  go  in  unto  the  tent  of  meeting,  or  when  they  come 
near  unto  the  altar  to  minister  in  the  holy  place;  that  they 
bear  not  iniquity,  and  die:  it  shall  be  a  statute  for  ever  unto 
him  and  unto  his  seed  after  him. 


-2921  ]  P32  249 

OQ  And  this  is  the  thing  that  thou  shalt  do  unto  them  to 
^^  hallow  them,  to  minister  unto  me  in  the  priest's  office: 
take  one  young  bullock  and  two  rams  without  blemish,  2  and 
unleavened  bread,  and  cakes  unleavened  mingled  with  oil,  and 
wafers  unleavened  anointed  with  oil :  of  fine  wheaten  flour 
shalt  thou  make  them.  3  And  thou  shalt  put  them  into  one 
basket,  and  bring  them  in  the  basket,  with  the  bullock  and  the 
two  rams.  4  And  Aaron  and  his  sons  thou  shalt  bring  unto 
the  door  of  the  tent  of  meeting,  and  shalt  wash  them  with 
water.  5  And  thou  shalt  take  the  garments,  and  put  upon 
Aaron  the  coat,  and  the  robe  of  the  ephod,  and  the  ephod,  and 
the  breastplate,  and  gird  him  with  the  skilfully  woven  band  of 
the  ephod ;  6  and  thou  shalt  set  the  mitre  upon  his  head,  and 
put  the  holy  crown  upon  the  mitre.  7  Then  shalt  thou  take  the 
anointing  oil,  and  pour  it  upon  his  head,  and  anoint  him.  8  And 
thou  shalt  bring  his  sons,  and  put  coats  upon  them.  9  And  thou 
shalt  gird  them  with  girdles,  Aaron  and  his  sons,  and  bind  head- 
tires  on  them :  and  they  shall  have  the  priesthood  by  a  perpet- 
ual statute :  and  thou  shalt  consecrate  Aaron  and  his  sons. 

10  And  thou  shalt  bring  the  bullock  before  the  tent  of  meet- 
ing: and  Aaron  and  his  sons  shall  lay  their  hands  upon  the 
head  of  the  bullock.  11  And  thou  shalt  kill  the  bullock  before 
Jehovah,  at  the  door  of  the  tent  of  meeting.  12  And  thou  shalt 
take  of  the  blood  of  the  bullock,  and  put  it  upon  the  horns  of 
the  altar  with  thy  finger ;  and  thou  shalt  pour  out  all  the  blood 
at  the  base  of  the  altar.  13  And  thou  shalt  take  all  the  fat 
that  covereth  the  inwards,  and  the  caul  upon  the  liver,  and 
the  two  kidneys,  and  the  fat  that  is  upon  them,  and  burn  them 
upon  the  altar,  14  But  the  flesh  of  the  bullock,  and  its  skin, 
and  its  dung,  shalt  thou  burn  with  fire  without  the  camp:  it 
is  a  sin-offering. 

15  Thou  shalt  also  take  the  one  ram;  and  Aaron  and  his 
sons  shall  lay  their  hands  upon  the  head  of  the  ram.  16  And 
thou  shalt  slay  the  ram,  and  thou  shalt  take  its  blood,  and 
sprinkle  it  round  about  upon  the  altar.  17  And  thou  shalt  cut  the 
ram  into  its  pieces,  and  wash  its  inwards,  and  its  legs,  and  put 
them  with  its  pieces,  and  with  its  head.  18  And  thou  shalt  burn 
the  whole  ram  upon  the  altar :  it  is  a  burnt-offering  unto  Jehovah ; 
it  is  a  sweet  savor,  an  offering  made  by  fire  unto  Jehovah. 

19  And  thou  shalt  take  the  other  ram;  and  Aaron  and  his 
sons  shall  lay  their  hands  upon  the  head  of  the  ram.  20  Then 
shalt  thou  kill  the  ram,  and  take  of  its  blood,  and  put  it  upon 
the  tip  of  the  right  ear  of  Aaron,  and  upon  the  tip  of  the  right 
ear  of  his  sons,  and  upon  the  thumb  of  their  right  hand,  and 
upon  the  great  toe  of  their  right  foot,  and  sprinkle  the  blood 
upon  the  altar  round  about.    21  And  thou  shalt  take  of  the 


250  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH     [  Ex.  29^1 

blood  that  is  upon  the  altar,  and  of  the  anointing  oil,  and 
sprinkle  it  upon  Aaron,  and  upon  his  garments,  and  upon  his 
sons,  and  upon  the  garments  of  his  sons  with  him:  and  he 
shall  be  hallowed,  and  his  garments,  and  his  sons,  and  his  sons' 
garments  with  him.  22  Also  thou  shalt  take  of  the  ram  the 
fat,  and  the  fat  tail,  and  the  fat  that  covereth  the  inwards, 
and  the  caul  of  the  liver,  and  the  two  kidneys,  and  the  fat  that 
is  upon  them,  and  the  right  thigh  (for  it  is  a  ram  of  consecra- 
tion), 23  and  one  loaf  of  bread,  and  one  cake  of  oiled  bread, 
and  one  wafer,  out  of  the  basket  of  unleavened  bread  that  is 
before  Jehovah:  24  and  thou  shalt  put  the  whole  upon  the 
hands  of  Aaron,  and  upon  the  hands  of  his  sons,  and  shalt 
wave  them  for  a  wave-offering  before  Jehovah.  25  And  thou 
shalt  take  them  from  their  hands,  and  burn  them  on  the  altar 
upon  the  burnt-offering,  for  a  sweet  savor  before  Jehovah:  it 
is  an  offering  made  by  fire  unto  Jehovah. 

26  And  thou  shalt  take  the  breast  of  Aaron's  ram  of  conse- 
cration, and  wave  it  for  a  wave-offering  before  Jehovah:  and 
it  shall  be  thy  portion.  27  And  thou  shalt  sanctify  the  breast 
of  the  wave-offering,  and  the  thigh  of  the  heave-offering,  which 
is  waved,  and  which  is  heaved  up,  of  the  ram  of  consecration, 
even  of  that  which  is  for  Aaron,  and  of  that  which  is  for  his 
sons:  28  and  it  shall  be  for  Aaron  and  his  sons  as  their  por- 
tion for  ever  from  the  children  of  Israel;  for  it  is  a  heave- 
offering:  and  it  shall  be  a  heave-offering  from  the  children  of 
Israel  of  the  sacrifices  of  their  peace-offerings,  even  their  heave- 
offering  unto  Jehovah. 

29  And  the  holy  garments  of  Aaron  shall  be  for  his  sons  after 
him,  to  be  anointed  in  them,  and  to  be  consecrated  in  them. 
30  Seven  days  shall  the  son  that  is  priest  in  his  stead  put 
them  on,  when  he  cometh  into  the  tent  of  meeting  to  minister 
in  the  holy  place. 

31  And  thou  shalt  take  the  ram  of  consecration,  and  boil  its 
flesh  in  a  holy  place.  32  And  Aaron  and  his  sons  shall  eat  the 
flesh  of  the  ram,  and  the  bread  that  is  in  the  basket,  at  the 
door  of  the  tent  of  meeting.  33  And  they  shall  eat  those  things 
wherewith  atonement  was  made,  to  consecrate  and  to  sanctify 
them:  but  a  stranger  shall  not  eat  thereof,  because  they  are 
holy.  34  And  if  aught  of  the  flesh  of  the  consecration,  or  of 
the  bread,  remain  unto  the  morning,  then  thou  shalt  burn  the 
remainder  with  fire :  it  shall  not  be  eaten,  because  it  Is  holy. 

35  And  thus  shalt  thou  do  unto  Aaron,  and  to  his  sons,  ac- 
cording to  all  that  I  have  commanded  thee:  seven  days  shalt 
thou  consecrate  them.  36  And  every  day  shalt  thou  offer  the 
bullock  of  sin-offering  for  atonement:  and  thou  shalt  cleanse 
the  altar,  when  thou  makest  atonement  for  it;  and  thou  shalt 


-30^°  ]  P32  251 

anoint  it,  to  sanctify  it.  37  Seven  days  thou  shalt  make 
atonement  for  the  altar,  and  sanctify  it:  and  the  altar  shall 
be  most  holy ;  whatsoever  toucheth  the  altar  shall  be  holy. 

38  Now  this  is  that  which  thou  shalt  offer  upon  the  altar: 
two  lambs  a  year  old  day  by  day  continually.  39  The  one 
lamb  thou  shalt  offer  in  the  morning ;  and  the  other  lamb  thou 
shalt  offer  at  even:  40  and  with  the  one  lamb  a  tenth  part 
of  an  ephah  of  fine  flour  mingled  with  the  fourth  part  of  a  hin 
of  beaten  oil ;  and  the  fourth  part  of  a  hin  of  wine  for  a  drink- 
offering.  41  And  the  other  lamb  thou  shalt  offer  at  even,  and 
shalt  do  thereto  according  to  the  meal-offering  of  the  morning, 
and  according  to  the  drink-offering  thereof,  for  a  sweet  savor, 
an  offering  made  by  fire  unto  Jehovah.  42  It  shall  be  a  con- 
tinual burnt-offering  throughout  your  generations  at  the  door 
of  the  tent  of  meeting  before  Jehovah,  where  I  will  meet  with 
you,  to  speak  there  unto  thee.  43  And  there  I  will  meet  with 
the  children  of  Israel;  and  the  Tent  shall  be  sanctified  by  my 
glory.  44  And  I  will  sanctify  the  tent  of  meeting,  and  the 
altar:  Aaron  also  and  his  sons  will  I  sanctify,  to  minister  to 
me  in  the  priest's  office.  45  And  I  will  dwell  among  the  chil- 
dren of  Israel,  and  will  be  their  God.  46  And  they  shall  know 
that  I  am  Jehovah  their  God,  that  brought  them  forth  out  of 
the  land  of  Egypt,  that  I  might  dwell  among  them:  I  am  Je- 
hovah their  God. 

o  A  And  thou  shalt  make  an  altar  to  bum  incense  upon :  of 
^^  acacia  wood  shalt  thou  make  it.  2  A  cubit  shall  be  the 
length  thereof,  and  a  cubit  the  breadth  thereof;  foursquare 
shall  it  be;  and  two  cubits  shall  be  the  height  thereof:  the 
horns  thereof  shall  be  of  one  piece  with  it.  3  And  thou  shalt 
overlay  it  with  pure  gold,  the  top  thereof,  and  the  sides  thereof 
round  about,  and  the  horns  thereof;  and  thou  shalt  make  unto 
it  a  crown  of  gold  round  about.  4  And  two  golden  rings  shalt 
thou  make  for  it  under  the  crown  thereof;  upon  the  two  ribs 
thereof,  upon  the  two  sides  of  it  shalt  thou  make  them;  and 
they  shall  be  for  places  for  staves  wherewith  to  bear  it.  5  And 
thou  shalt  make  the  staves  of  acacia  wood,  and  overlay  them 
with  gold.  6  And  thou  shalt  put  it  before  the  veil  that  is  l^y 
the  ark  of  the  testimony,  before  the  mercy-seat  that  is  ov(t  the 
testimony,  where  I  will  meet  with  thee.  7  And  Aaron  shall 
burn  thereof  incense  of  sweet  spices:  every  morning,  when  he 
dresseth  the  lamps,  he  shall  burn  it.  8  And  when  Aaron 
lighteth  the  lamps  at  even,  he  shall  bum  it,  a  perpetual  incense 
before  Jehovah  throughout  your  generations.  9  Ye  shall  offer 
no  strange  incense  thereon,  nor  burnt-offering,  nor  meal- 
offering;  and  ye  shall  pour  no  drink-offering  thereon.  10  And 
Aaron  shall  make  atonement  upon  the  horns  of  it  once  in  the 


252  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH     [  Ex.  SO^o 

year;  with  the  blood  of  the  sin-offering  of  atonement  once  in 
the  year  shall  he  make  atonement  for  it  throughout  your 
generations:  it  is  most  holy  unto  Jehovah. 

11  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  12  When  thou 
takest  the  sum  of  the  children  of  Israel,  according  to  those 
that  are  numbered  of  them,  then  shall  they  give  every  man  a 
ransom  for  his  soul  unto  Jehovah,  when  thou  numberest  them ; 
that  there  be  no  plague  among  them,  when  thou  numberest 
them.  13  This  they  shall  give,  every  one  that  passeth  over 
unto  them  that  are  numbered:  half  a  shekel  after  the  shekel 
of  the  sanctuary  (the  shekel  is  twenty  gerahs),  half  a  shekel 
for  an  offering  to  Jehovah.  14  Every  one  that  passeth  over 
unto  them  that  are  numbered,  from  twenty  years  old  and  up- 
ward, shall  give  the  offering  of  Jehovah.  15  The  rich  shall 
not  give  more,  and  the  poor  shall  not  give  less,  than  the  half 
shekel,  when  they  give  the  offering  of  Jehovah,  to  make  atone- 
ment for  your  souls.  16  And  thou  shalt  take  the  atonement 
money  from  the  children  of  Israel,  and  shalt  appoint  it  for  the 
service  of  the  tent  of  meeting;  that  it  may  be  a  memorial  for 
the  children  of  Israel  before  Jehovah,  to  make  atonement  for 
your  souls. 

17  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  18  Thou  shalt 
also  make  a  laver  of  brass,  and  the  base  thereof  of  brass, 
whereat  to  wash.  And  thou  shalt  put  it  between  the  tent  of 
meeting  and  the  altar,  and  thou  shalt  put  water  therein. 
19  And  Aaron  and  his  sons  shall  wash  their  hands  and  their 
feet  thereat:  20  when  they  go  into  the  tent  of  meeting,  they 
shall  wash  with  water,  that  they  die  not;  or  when  they  come 
near  to  the  altar  to  minister,  to  burn  an  offering  made  by  fire 
unto  Jehovah.  21  So  they  shall  wash  their  hands  and  their  feet, 
that  they  die  not :  and  it  shall  be  a  statute  for  ever  to  them, 
even  to  him  and  to  his  seed  throughout  their  generations. 

22  Moreover  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  23  Take 
thou  also  unto  thee  the  chief  spices:  of  flowing  myrrh  five 
hundred  shekels,  and  of  sweet  cinnamon  half  so  much,  even 
two  hundred  and  fifty,  and  of  sweet  calamus  two  hundred  and 
fifty,  24  and  of  cassia  five  hundred,  after  the  shekel  of  the 
sanctuary,  and  of  olive  oil  a  hin ;  25  and  thou  shalt  make  it  a 
holy  anointing  oil,  a  perfume  compounded  after  the  art  of  the 
perfumer:  it  shall  be  a  holy  anointing  oil.  26  And  thou  shalt 
anoint  therewith  the  tent  of  meeting,  and  the  ark  of  the  testi- 
mony, 27  and  the  table  and  all  the  vessels  thereof,  and  the 
candlestick  and  the  vessels  thereof,  and  the  altar  of  incense, 
28  and  the  altar  of  burnt-offering  with  all  the  vessels  thereof, 
and  the  laver  and  the  base  thereof.  29  And  thou  shalt  sanc- 
tify them,  that  they  may  be  most  holy:  whatsoever  toucheth 


-3  I'M  P32-33  253 

them  shall  be  holy.  30  And  thou  shalt  anoint  Aaron  and  his 
sons,  and  sanctify  them,  that  they  may  minister  unto  me  in 
the  priest's  office.  31  And  thou  shalt  speak  unto  the  children 
of  Israel,  saying,  This  shall  be  a  holy  anointing  oil  unto  me 
throughout  your  generations.  32  Upon  the  flesh  of  man  shall 
it  not  be  poured,  neither  shall  ye  make  any  like  it,  according  to 
the  composition  thereof :  it  is  holy,  and  it  shall  be  holy  unto  you. 
33  Whosoever  compoundeth  any  like  it,  or  whosoever  putteth 
any  of  it  upon  a  stranger,  he  shall  be  cut  off  from  his  people. 

34  And  Jehovah  said  unto  Moses,  Take  unto  thee  sweet 
spices,  stacte,  and  onycha,  and  galbanum ;  sweet  spices  with 
pure  frankincense :  of  each  shall  there  be  a  like  weight ;  35  and 
thou  shalt  make  of  it  incense,  a  perfume  after  the  art  of  the 
perfumer,  seasoned  with  salt,  pure  and  holy:  36  and  thou 
shalt  beat  some  of  it  very  small,  and  put  of  it  before  the  testi- 
mony in  the  tent  of  meeting,  where  I  will  meet  with  thee: 
it  shall  be  unto  you  most  holy.  37  And  the  incense  which 
thou  shalt  make,  according  to  the  composition  thereof  ye  shall 
not  make  for  yourselves:  it  shall  be  unto  thee  holy  for  Jeho- 
vah. 38  Whosoever  shall  make  like  unto  that,  to  smell  thereof, 
he  shall  be  cut  off  from  his  people. 

oi  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  2  See,  I  have 
^  ^  called  Ijy  name  Bezalel  the  son  of  Uri,  the  son  of  Hur,  of 
the  tribe  of  Judah:  3  and  I  have  filled  him  with  the  Spirit  of 
God,  in  wisdom,  and  in  understanding,  and  in  knowledge,  and 
in  all  manner  of  workmanship,  4  to  devise  skilful  works,  to 
work  in  gold,  and  in  silver,  and  in  brass,  5  and  in  cutting  of 
stones  for  setting,  and  in  carving  of  wood,  to  work  in  all  man- 
ner of  workmanship.  6  And  I,  behold,  I  have  appointed  with 
him  Oholiab,  the  son  of  Ahisamach,  of  the  tribe  of  Dan;  and 
in  the  hearts  of  all  that  are  wise-hearted  I  have  put  wisdom, 
that  they  may  make  all  that  I  have  commanded  thee:  7  the 
tent  of  meeting,  and  the  ark  of  the  testimony,  and  the  mercy- 
seat  that  is  thereupon,  and  all  the  furniture  of  the  Tent,  8  and 
the  table  and  its  vessels,  and  the  pure  candlestick  with  all  its 
vessels,  and  the  altar  of  incense,  9  and  the  altar  of  burnt- 
offering  with  all  its  vessels,  and  the  laver  and  its  base,  10  and 
the  finely  wrought  garm(mts,  and  the  holy  garments  for  Aaron 
the  priest,  and  the  garments  of  his  sons,  to  minister  in  the 
priest's  office,  11  and  the  anointing  oil,  and  the  incense  of 
sweet  spices  for  the  holy  place:  according  to  all  that  I  have 
commanded  thee  shall  they  do. 

33.  The  Law  of  the  Sabbath.     PI,  60. 
Ex.  3112-17 
12  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,    13  Speak  thou 


254  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH     [Ex.  31^3 

also  unto  the  children  of  Israel,  saying,  Verily  ye  shall  keep 
my  sabbaths:  for  it  is  a  sign  between  me  and  you  throughout 
your  generations;  that  ye  may  know  that  I  am  Jehovah  who 
sanctifieth  you.  14  Ye  shall  keep  the  sabbath  therefore;  for 
it  is  holy  unto  you:  every  one  that  profaneth  it  shall  surely 
be  put  to  death ;  for  whosoever  doeth  any  work  therein,  that 
soul  shall  be  cut  off  from  among  his  people.  15  Six  days  shall 
work  be  done;  but  on  the  seventh  day  is  a  sabbath  of  solemn 
rest,  holy  to  Jehovah;  whosoever  doeth  any  work  on  the  sab- 
bath day,  he  shall  surely  be  put  to  death.  16  Wherefore  the 
children  of  Israel  shall  keep  the  sabbath,  to  observe  the  sab- 
bath throughout  their  generations,  for  a  perpetual  covenant. 
17  It  is  a  sign  between  me  and  the  children  of  Israel  for  ever: 
for  in  six  days  Jehovah  made  heaven  and  earth,  and  on  the 
seventh  day  he  rested,  and  was  refreshed. 

34.  How  Moses  Communed  with  God.     E29. 

Ex.  3118*3429-35 

31  ^**  .  .  .  When  he  had  made  an  end  of  communing  with 
him  upon  mount  Sinai  .  .  .  ,  34^^  and  it  came  to  pass,  when 
Moses  came  down  from  mount  Sinai  with  the  two  tables  of  the 
testimony  in  Moses'  hand,  when  he  came  down  from  the  mount, 
that  Moses  knew  not  that  the  skin  of  his  face  shone  by  reason 
of  his  speaking  with  him.  30  And  when  Aaron  and  all  the  chil- 
dren of  Israel  saw  Moses,  behold,  the  skin  of  his  face  shone; 
and  they  were  afraid  to  come  nigh  him.  31  And  Moses  called 
unto  them;  and  Aaron  and  all  the  rulers  of  the  congregation 
returned  unto  him:  and  Moses  spake  to  them.  32  And  after- 
ward all  the  children  of  Israel  came  nigh:  and  he  gave  them 
in  commandment  all  that  Jehovah  had  spoken  with  him  in 
mount  Sinai.  33  And  when  Moses  had  done  speaking  with 
them,  he  put  a  veil  on  his  face.  34  But  when  Moses  went  in 
before  Jehovah  to  speak  with  him,  he  took  the  veil  off,  until 
he  came  out;  and  he  came  out,  and  spake  unto  the  children  of 
Israel  that  which  he  was  commanded.  35  And  the  children 
of  Israel  saw  the  face  of  Moses,  that  the  skin  of  Moses'  face 
shone;  and  Moses  put  the  veil  upon  his  face  again,  until  he 
went  in  to  speak  with  him. 

35.  Moses  Carries  Out  the  Divine  Commands  Regarding 

THE  Sabbath,  the  Tabernacle,  and  the  Ark.  P32,  33. 
Ex.  351-40^3 

Oe  And  Moses  assembled  all  the  congregation  of  the  chil- 
^*^  dren  of  Israel,  and  said  unto  them,  These  are  the  words 
which  Jehovah  hath  commanded,  that  ye  should  do  them. 

'5  Largely  a  verbatim  repetition  of  P32, 33.  It  is  generally  recognized  as  secondary  (Ps). 


...3524  J  P33-35  255 

2  Six  days  shall  work  be  done;  but  on  the  seventh  day  there 
shall  be  to  you  a  holy  day,  a  sabbath  of  solemn  rest  to  Jehovah : 
whosoever  doeth  any  work  therein  shall  be  put  to  death.  3  Ye 
shall  kindle  no  fire  throughout  your  habitations  upon  the  sab- 
bath day. 

4  And  Moses  spake  unto  all  the  congregation  of  the  children 
of  Israel,  saying,  Tliis  is  the  thing  which  Jehovah  commanded, 
saying,  5  Take  ye  from  among  you  an  offering  unto  Jehovah ; 
whosoever  is  of  a  willing  heart,  let  him  bring  it,  Jehovah's 
offering:  gold,  and  silver,  and  brass,  6  and  blue,  and  purple, 
and  scarlet,  and  fine  linen,  and  goats'  hair,  7  and  rams'  skins 
dyed  red,  and  sealskins,  and  acacia  wood,  8  and  oil  for  the 
light,  and  spices  for  the  anointing  oil,  and  for  the  sweet  incense, 
9  and  onyx  stones,  and  stones  to  be  set,  for  the  ephod,  and  for 
the  l)roastplate. 

10  And  let  every  wise-hearted  man  among  you  come,  and 
make  all  that  Jehovah  hath  commanded :  1 1  the  tabernacle, 
its  tent,  and  its  covering,  its  clasps,  and  its  boards,  its  bars, 
its  pillars,  and  its  sockets ;  12  the  ark,  and  the  staves  thereof, 
the  mercy-seat,  and  the  veil  of  the  screen;  13  the  table,  and 
its  staves,  and  all  its  vessels,  and  the  showbread;  14  the  can- 
dlestick also  for  the  light,  and  its  vessels,  and  its  lamps,  and 
the  oil  for  the  light;  15  and  the  altar  of  incense,  and  its  staves, 
and  the  anointing  oil,  and  the  sweet  incense,  and  the  screen  for 
the  door,  at  the  door  of  the  tabernacle ;  16  the  altar  of  burnt- 
offering,  with  its  grating  of  brass,  its  staves,  and  all  its  vessels, 
the  laver  and  its  base;  17  the  hangings  of  the  court,  the  pil- 
lars thereof,  and  their  sockets,  and  the  screen  for  the  gate  of 
the  court;  18  the  pins  of  the  tabernacle,  and  the  pins  of  the 
court,  and  their  cords;  19  the  finely  wrought  garments,  for 
ministering  in  the  holy  place,  the  holy  garments  for  Aaron  the 
priest,  and  the  garments  of  his  sons,  to  minister  in  the  priest's 
office. 

20  And  all  the  congregation  of  the  children  of  Israel  de- 
parted from  the  presence  of  Moses.  21  And  they  came,  every 
one  whose  heart  stirretl  him  up,  and  every  one  whom  his  spirit 
made  willing,  and  brought  Jehovah's  offering,  for  the  work  of 
the  tent  of  meeting,  and  for  all  the  service  thereof,  and  for  the 
holy  garments.  22  And  they  came,  both  men  and  women,  as 
many  as  were  willing-hearted,  and  brought  brooches,  and  ear- 
rings, and  signet-rings,  and  armlets,  all  jewels  of  gold;  even 
every  man  that  offered  an  offering  of  gold  unto  Jehovah. 
23  And  every  man,  with  whom  was  found  blue,  and  purple, 
and  scarlet,  and  fine  linen,  and  goats'  hair,  and  rams'  skins 
dyed  red,  and  sealskins,  brought  them.  24  Every  one  that 
did  offer  an  offering  of  silver  and  brass  brought  Jehovah's 


256  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH     [  Ex.  35^^ 

offering;  and  every  man,  with  whom  was  found  acacia  wood 
for  any  work  of  the  service,  brought  it.  25  And  all  the  women 
that  were  wise-hearted  did  spin  with  their  hands,  and  brought 
that  which  they  had  spun,  the  blue,  and  the  purple,  the  scarlet, 
and  the  fine  linen.  26  And  all  the  women  whose  heart  stirred 
them  up  in  wisdom  spun  the  goats'  hair.  27  And  the  rulers 
brought  the  onyx  stones,  and  the  stones  to  be  set,  for  the 
ephod,  and  for  the  breastplate ;  28  and  the  spice,  and  the  oil ; 
for  the  light,  and  for  the  anointing  oil,  and  for  the  sweet  in- 
cense. 29  The  children  of  Israel  brought  a  freewill-offering 
unto  Jehovah;  every  man  and  woman,  whose  heart  made 
them  willing  to  bring  for  all  the  work,  which  Jehovah  had 
commanded  to  be  made  by  Moses. 

30  And  Moses  said  unto  the  children  of  Israel,  See,  Jehovah 
hath  called  by  name  Bezalel  the  son  of  Uri,  the  son  of  Hur, 
of  the  tribe  of  Judah ;  31  and  he  hath  filled  him  with  the  Spirit 
of  God,  in  wisdom,  in  understanding,  and  in  knowledge,  and  in 
all  manner  of  workmanship;  32  and  to  devise  skilful  works, 
to  work  in  gold,  and  in  silver,  and  in  brass,  33  and  in  cutting 
of  stones  for  setting,  and  in  carving  of  wood,  to  work  in  all 
manner  of  skilful  workmanship.  34  And  he  hath  put  in  his 
heart  that  he  may  teach,  both  he,  and  Oholiab,  the  son  of 
Ahisamach,  of  the  tribe  of  Dan.  35  Them  hath  he  filled  with 
wisdom  of  heart,  to  work  all  manner  of  workmanship,  of  the 
engraver,  and  of  the  skilful  workman,  and  of  the  embroiderer, 
in  blue,  and  in  purple,  in  scarlet,  and  in  fine  linen,  and  of  the 
weaver,  even  of  them  that  do  any  workmanship,  and  of  those 
that  devise  skilful  works. 

o^  And  Bezalel  and  Oholiab  shall  work,  and  every  wise- 
^^  hearted  man,  in  whom  Jehovah  hath  put  wisdom  and 
understanding  to  know  how  to  work  all  the  work  for  the  ser- 
vice of  the  sanctuary,  according  to  all  that  Jehovah  hath 
commanded. 

2  And  Moses  called  Bezalel  and  Oholiab,  and  every  wise- 
hearted  man,  in  whose  heart  Jehovah  had  put  wisdom,  even 
every  one  whose  heart  stirred  him  up  to  come  unto  the  work 
to  do  it :  3  and  they  received  of  Moses  all  the  offering  which 
the  children  of  Israel  had  brought  for  the  work  of  the  service 
of  the  sanctuary,  wherewith  to  make  it.  And  they  brought 
yet  unto  him  freewill-offerings  every  morning.  4  And  all  the 
wise  men  that  wrought  all  the  work  of  the  sanctuary,  came 
every  man  from  his  work  which  they  wrought;  5  and  they 
spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  The  people  bring  much  more  than 
enough  for  the  service  of  the  work  which  Jehovah  commanded 
to  make.  6  And  Moses  gave  commandment,  and  they  caused 
it  to  be  proclaimed  throughout  the  camp,  saying,  Let  neither 


-3G28  ]  P35  257 

man  nor  woman  make  any  more  work  for  the  offering  of  the 
sanctuary.  So  the  people  were  restrained  from  bringing.  7  For 
the  stuff  they  had  was  sufficient  for  all  the  work  to  make  it, 
and  too  much. 

8  And  all  the  wise-hearted  men  among  them  that  wrought 
the  work  made  the  tabernacle  with  ten  curtains ;  of  fine  twined 
linen,  and  blue,  and  purple,  and  scarlet,  with  cherubim,  the 
work  of  the  skilful  workman,  Bezalel  made  them.  9  The 
length  of  each  curtain  was  (!ight  and  twenty  cubits,  and  the 
breadth  of  each  curtain  four  cubits:  all  the  curtains  had  one 
measure.  10  And  he  coupled  five  curtains  one  to  another: 
and  the  other  five  curtains  he  coupled  one  to  another.  11  And 
he  made  loops  of  blue  upon  the  edge  of  the  one  curtain  from 
the  selvedge  in  the  coupling:  likewise  he  made  in  the  edge  of 
the  curtain  that  was  outmost  in  the  second  coupling.  12  Fifty 
loops  made  he  in  the  one  curtain,  and  fifty  loops  matle  he  in 
the  edge  of  the  curtain  that  was  in  the  second  coupling:  the 
loops  were  opposite  one  to  another.  13  And  he  made  fifty 
clasps  of  gold,  and  coupled  the  curtains  one  to  another  with 
the  clasps :  so  the  tabernacle  was  one. 

14  And  he  made  curtains  of  goats'  hair  for  a  tent  over  the 
tabernacle:  eleven  curtains  he  made  them.  15  The  length  of 
each  curtain  was  thirty  cubits,  and  four  cubits  the  breadth 
of  each  curtain :  the  eleven  curtains  had  one  measure.  16  And 
he  coupled  five  curtains  by  themselves,  and  six  curtains  l)y 
themselves.  17  And  he  made  fifty  loops  on  the  edge  of  the 
curtain  that  Avas  outmost  in  the  coupling,  and  fifty  loops  made 
he  upon  the  edge  of  the  curtain  which  was  outmost  in  the  sec- 
ond coupling.  18  And  he  made  fifty  clasps  of  brass  to  couple 
the  tent  together,  that  it  might  be  one.  19  And  he  made  a 
covering  for  the  tent  of  rams'  skins  dyed  red,  and  a  covering 
of  sealskins  above. 

20  And  he  made  the  boards  for  the  tabernacle,  of  acacia 
wood,  standing  up.  21  Ten  cubits  was  the  length  of  a  board, 
and  a  cubit  and  a  half  the  breadth  of  each  board.  22  Each 
board  had  two  tenons,  joined  one  to  another:  thus  did  he 
make  for  all  the  boards  of  the  tabernacle.  23  And  he  made 
the  boards  for  the  tabernacle:  twenty  boards  for  the  south 
side  southward ;  24  and  he  made  forty  sockets  of  silver  under 
the  twenty  boards;  two  sockets  under  one  board  for  its  two 
tenons,  and  two  sockets  under  another  board  for  its  two  tenons. 
25  And  for  the  second  side  of  the  tabernacle,  on  the  north  side, 
he  made  twenty  boards,  2G  and  their  forty  sockets  of  silv(^r; 
two  sockets  under  one  board,  and  two  sockets  under  another 
board.  27  And  for  the  hintler  part  of  the  tabernacle  westward 
he  made  six  boards.    28  And  two  boards  made  he  for  the  cor- 


258  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH     [Ex.  SG^s 

ners  of  the  tabernacle  in  the  hinder  part.  29  And  they  were 
double  beneath;  and  in  like  manner  they  were  entire  unto  the 
top  thereof  unto  one  ring :  thus  he  did  to  both  of  them  in  the 
two  corners.  30  And  there  were  eight  boards,  and  their  sockets 
of  silver,  sixteen  sockets ;  under  every  board  two  sockets. 

31  And  he  made  bars  of  acacia  wood;  five  for  the  boards  of 
the  one  side  of  the  tabernacle,  32  and  five  bars  for  the  boards 
of  the  other  side  of  the  tabernacle,  and  five  bars  for  the  boards 
of  the  tabernacle  for  the  hinder  part  westward.  33  And  he 
made  the  middle  bar  to  pass  through  in  the  midst  of  the  boards 
from  the  one  end  to  the  other.  34  And  he  overlaid  the  boards 
with  gold,  and  made  their  rings  of  gold  for  places  for  the  bars, 
and  overlaid  the  bars  with  gold. 

35  And  he  made  the  veil  of  blue,  and  purple,  and  scarlet,  and 
fine  twined  linen :  with  cherubim,  the  work  of  the  skilful  work- 
man, made  he  it.  36  And  he  made  thereunto  four  pillars  of 
acacia,  and  overlaid  them  with  gold :  their  hooks  were  of  gold ; 
and  he  cast  for  them  four  sockets  of  silver.  37  And  he  made 
a  screen  for  the  door  of  the  Tent,  of  blue,  and  purple,  and 
scarlet,  and  fine  twined  linen,  the  work  of  the  embroiderer; 
38  and  the  five  pillars  of  it  with  their  hooks:  and  he  over- 
laid their  capitals  and  their  fillets  with  gold;  and  their  five 
sockets  were  of  brass. 

And  Bezalel  made  the  ark  of  acacia  wood:  two  cubits 
and  a  half  was  the  length  of  it,  and  a  cubit  and  a  half  the 
breadth  of  it,  and  a  cubit  and  a  half  the  height  of  it. 
2  And  he  overlaid  it  with  pure  gold  within  and  without, 
and  made  a  crown  of  gold  to  it  round  about.  3  And  he 
cast  for  it  four  rings  of  gold,  in  the  four  feet  thereof;  even 
two  rings  on  the  one  side  of  it,  and  two  rings  on  the  other  side 
of  it.  4  And  he  made  staves  of  acacia  wood,  and  overlaid 
them  with  gold.  5  And  he  put  the  staves  into  the  rings  on  the 
sides  of  the  ark,  to  bear  the  ark.  6  And  he  made  a  mercy-seat 
of  pure  gold :  two  cubits  and  a  half  was  the  length  thereof,  and 
a  cubit  and  a  half  the  breadth  thereof.  7  And  he  made  two 
cherubim  of  gold;  of  beaten  work  made  he  them,  at  the  two 
ends  of  the  mercy-seat ;  8  one  cherub  at  the  one  end,  and  one 
cherub  at  the  other  end:  of  one  piece  with  the  mercy-seat 
made  he  the  cherubim  at  the  two  ends  thereof.  9  And  the 
cherubim  spread  out  their  wings  on  high,  covering  the  mercy- 
seat  with  their  wings,  with  their  faces  one  to  another;  toward 
the  mercy-seat  were  the  faces  of  the  cherubim. 

10  And  he  made  the  table  of  acacia  wood:  two  cubits  was 
the  length  thereof,  and  a  cubit  the  breadth  thereof,  and  a  cubit 
and  a  half  the  height  thereof.  11  And  he  overlaid  it  with 
pure  gold,  and  made  thereto  a  crown  of  gold  round  about. 


37 


-382  ]  P35  259 

12  And  he  made  unto  it  a  border  of  a  handbreadth  round 
about,  and  made  a  golden  crown  to  the  border  thereof  round 
about.  13  And  he  cast  for  it  four  rings  of  gold,  and  put  the 
rings  in  the  four  corners  that  were  on  the  four  feet  thereof. 
14  Close  by  the  border  were  the  rings,  the  places  for  the  staves 
to  bear  the  tal)le.  15  And  he  made  the  staves  of  acacia  wood, 
and  overlaid  them  with  gold,  to  bear  the  table.  16  And  he 
made  the  vessels  which  were  upon  the  table,  the  dishes  thereof, 
and  the  spoons  thereof,  and  the  bowls  thereof,  and  the  fiagons 
thereof,  wherewith  to  pour  out,  of  pure  gold. 

17  And  he  made  the  candlestick  of  pure  gold:  of  beaten 
work  made  he  the  candlestick,  even  its  base,  and  its  shaft; 
its  cups,  its  knops,  and  its  flowers,  were  of  one  piece  with  it. 
18  And  there  were  six  branches  going  out  of  the  sides  thereof; 
three  branches  of  the  candlestick  out  of  the  one  side  thereof, 
and  three  branches  of  the  candlestick  out  of  the  other  side 
thereof:  19  three  cups  made  like  almond-blossoms  in  one 
branch,  a  knop  and  a  flower;  and  three  cups  made  like  almond- 
blossoms  in  the  other  branch,  a  knop  and  a  flower:  so  for  the 
six  branches  going  out  of  the  candlestick.  20  And  in  the  can- 
dlestick were  four  cups  made  like  almond-blossoms,  the  knops 
thereof,  and  the  flowers  thereof;  21  and  a  knop  under  two 
branches  of  one  piece  with  it,  and  a  knop  under  two  branches 
of  one  piece  with  it,  and  a  knop  under  two  branches  of  one 
piece  with  it,  for  the  six  branches  going  out  of  it.  22  Their 
knops  and  their  branches  were  of  one  piece  with  it :  the  whole 
of  it  was  one  beaten  work  of  pure  gold.  23  And  he  made  the 
lamps  thereof,  seven,  and  the  snuffers  thereof,  and  the  snuff- 
dishes  thereof,  of  pure  gold.  24  Of  a  talent  of  pure  gold  made 
he  it,  and  all  the  vessels  thereof. 

25  And  he  made  the  altar  of  incense  of  acacia  wood :  a  cubit 
was  the  length  thereof,  and  a  cubit  the  breadth  thereof,  four- 
square; and  two  cubits  was  the  height  thereof;  the  horns 
thereof  were  of  one  piece  with  it.  26  And  he  overlaid  it  with 
pure  gold,  the  top  thereof,  and  the  sides  thereof  round  about, 
and  the  horns  of  it :  and  he  made  unto  it  a  crowii  of  gold  round 
about.  27  And  he  made  for  it  two  golden  rings  under  the 
crown  thereof,  upon  the  two  ribs  thereof,  upon  the  two  sides  of 
it,  for  placets  for  staves  wherewith  to  bear  it.  28  And  he  made 
the  staves  of  acacia  wood,  and  overlaid  them  with  gold.  29  And 
he  made  the  holy  anointing  oil,  and  the  pure  incense  of  sweet 
spices,  after  the  art  of  the  perfumer. 

OQ  And  he  made  the  altar  of  burnt-offering  of  acacia  wood : 
*^^  five  cubits  was  the  length  thereof,  and  five  cubits  the 
breadth  thereof,  foursquare;  and  three  cubits  the  height 
thereof.     2  And  be  made  the   horns  thereof  upon  the  four 


260  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH      [  Ex.  38^ 

corners  of  it ;  the  horns  thereof  were  of  one  piece  with  it :  and 
he  overlaid  it  with  brass.  3  And  he  made  all  the  vessels  of  the 
altar,  the  pots,  and  the  shovels,  and  the  basins,  the  flesh-hooks, 
and  the  firepans:  all  the  vessels  thereof  made  he  of  brass. 
4  And  he  made  for  the  altar  a  grating  of  network  of  brass, 
under  the  ledge  round  it  beneath,  reaching  halfway  up.  5  And 
he  cast  four  rings  for  the  four  ends  of  the  grating  of  brass,  to 
be  places  for  the  staves.  6  And  he  made  the  staves  of  acacia 
wood,  and  overlaid  them  with  brass.  7  And  he  put  the  staves 
into  the  rings  on  the  sides  of  the  altar,  wherewith  to  bear  it; 
he  made  it  hollow  with  planks. 

8  And  he  made  the  laver  of  brass,  and  the  base  thereof  of 
brass,  of  the  mirrors  of  the  ministering  women  that  ministered 
at  the  door  of  the  tent  of  meeting. 

9  And  he  made  the  court :  for  the  south  side  southward  the 
hangings  of  the  court  were  of  fine  twined  linen,  a  hundred 
cubits ;  10  their  pillars  were  twenty,  and  their  sockets  twenty, 
of  brass ;  the  hooks  of  the  pillars  and  their  fillets  were  of  silver. 
11  And  for  the  north  side  a  hundred  cubits,  their  pillars  twenty, 
and  their  sockets  twenty,  of  brass;  the  hooks  of  the  pillars, 
and  their  fillets,  of  silver.  12  And  for  the  west  side  were 
hangings  of  fifty  cubits,  their  pillars  ten,  and  their  sockets  ten; 
the  hooks  of  the  pillars,  and  their  fillets,  of  silver.  13  And  for 
the  east  side  eastward  fifty  cubits.  14  The  hangings  for  the 
one  side  of  the  gate  were  fifteen  cubits;  their  pillars  three, 
and  their  sockets  three;  15  and  so  for  the  other  side:  on 
this  hand  and  that  hand  by  the  gate  of  the  court  were 
hangings  of  fifteen  cubits;  their  pillars  three,  and  their 
sockets  three.  16  All  the  hangings  of  the  court  round  about 
were  of  fine  twined  linen.  17  And  the  sockets  for  the  pillars 
were  of  brass ;  the  hooks  of  the  pillars,  and  their  fillets,  of 
silver;  and  the  overlaying  of  their  capitals,  of  silver;  and  all 
the  pillars  of  the  court  were  filleted  with  silver.  18  And 
the  screen  for  the  gate  of  the  court  was  the  work  of  the 
embroiderer,  of  blue,  and  purple,  and  scarlet,  and  fine  twined 
linen:  and  twenty  cubits  was  the  length,  and  the  height 
in  the  breadth  was  five  cubits,  answerable  to  the  hangings 
of  the  court.  19  And  their  pillars  were  four,  and  their 
sockets  four,  of  brass ;  their  hooks  of  silver,  and  the  overlaying 
of  their  capitals,  and  their  fillets,  of  silver.  20  And  all  the  pins 
of  the  tabernacle,  and  of  the  court  round  about,  were  of  brass. 

21  This  is  the  sum  of  the  things  for  the  tabernacle,  even  the 
tabernacle  of  the  testimony,  as  they  were  counted,  according 
to  the  commandment  of  Moses,  for  the  service  of  the  Levites, 
by  the  hand  of  Ithamar,  the  son  of  Aaron  the  priest.  22  And 
Bezalel  the  son  of  Uri,  the  son  of  Hur,  of  the  tribe  of  Judah, 


-39^ ]  P35  261 

made  all  that  Jehovah  commanded  Moses.  23  And  with  him 
was  Oholiab,  the  son  of  Ahisamach,  of  the  tribe  of  Dan,  an 
engraver,  and  a  skilful  workman,  and  an  embroiderer  in  blue, 
and  in  purple,  and  in  scarlet,  and  in  fine  linen. 

24  All  the  gold  that  was  used  for  the  work  in  all  the  work  of 
the  sanctuary,  even  the  gold  of  the  offering,  was  twenty  and 
nine  talents,  and  seven  hundred  and  thirty  shekels,  after  the 
shekel  of  the  sanctuary.  25  And  the  silver  of  them  that  were 
numbered  of  the  congregation  was  a  hundred  talents,  and  a 
thousand  seven  hundred  and  threescore  and  fifteen  shekels, 
after  the  shekel  of  the  sanctuary :  26  a  beka  a  head,  that  is, 
half  a  shekel,  after  the  shekel  of  the  sanctuary,  for  every  one 
that  passed  over  to  them  that  were  numbered,  from  twenty 
years  old  and  upward,  for  six  hundred  thousand  and  three 
thousand  and  five  hundred  and  fifty  men.  27  And  the  hun- 
dred talents  of  silver  were  for  casting  the  sockets  of  the  sanc- 
tuary, and  the  sockets  of  the  veil;  a  hundred  sockets  for  the 
hundred  talents,  a  talent  for  a  socket.  28  And  of  the  thousand 
seven  hundred  seventy  and  five  shekels  he  made  hooks  for  the 
pillars,  and  overlaid  their  capitals,  and  made  fillets  for  thtm. 
29  And  the  brass  of  the  offering  was  seventy  talents,  and  two 
thousand  and  four  hundred  shekels.  30  And  therewith  he 
made  the  sockets  to  the  door  of  the  tent  of  meeting,  and  the 
brazen  altar,  and  the  brazen  grating  for  it,  and  all  the  vessels 
of  the  altar,  31  and  the  sockets  of  the  court  round  about,  and 
the  sockets  of  the  gate  of  the  court,  and  all  the  pins  of  the 
tabernacle,  and  all  the  pins  of  the  court  round  about. 
OQ  And  of  the  blue,  and  purple,  and  scarlet,  they  made 
^^  finely  wrought  garments,  for  ministering  in  the  holj'  place, 
and  made  the  holy  garments  for  Aaron;  as  Jehovah  com- 
manded Moses. 

2  And  he  made  the  ephod  of  gold,  blue,  and  purple,  and 
scarlet,  and  fine  twined  linen.  3  And  they  did  beat  the  gold 
into  thin  plates,  and  cut  it  into  wires,  to  work  it  in  the  blue, 
and  in  the  purpk;,  and  in  the  scarlet,  and  in  the  fine  linen,  the 
work  of  the  skilful  workman.  4  They  made  shoulder-pieces 
for  it,  joined  together;  at  the  two  ends  was  it  joined  together. 
5  And  the  skilfully  woven  band,  that  was  upon  it,  wherewith 
to  gird  it  on,  was  of  the  same  piece  and  like  the  work  thereof; 
of  gold,  of  blue,  and  purple,  and  scarlet,  and  fine  twined  linen ; 
as  Jehovah  commanchnl  Moses. 

6  And  they  wrought  the  onyx  stones,  inclosed  in  settings  of 
gold,  graven  with  tlie  engravings  of  a  signet,  according  to  the 
names  of  the  children  of  Israel.  7  And  he  put  them  on  the 
shoulder-pieces  of  the  ephod,  to  be  stones  of  memorial  for  the 
children  of  Israel ;  as  Jehovah  commanded  Moses. 


262  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH      [  Ex.  398 

8  And  he  made  the  breastplate,  the  work  of  the  skilful  work- 
man, like  the  work  of  the  ephod ;  of  gold,  of  blue,  and  purple, 
and  scarlet,  and  fine  twined  linen.  9  It  was  foursquare;  they 
made  the  breastplate  double:  a  span  was  the  length  thereof, 
and  a  span  the  breadth  thereof,  being  double.  10  And  they 
set  in  it  four  rows  of  stones.  A  row  of  sardius,  topaz,  and  car- 
buncle was  the  first  row;  11  and  the  second  row,  an  emerald, 
a  sapphire,  and  a  diamond;  12  and  the  third  row,  a  jacinth, 
an  agate,  and  an  amethyst;  13  and  the  fourth  row,  a  beryl, 
an  onyx,  and  a  jasper :  they  were  inclosed  in  inclosings  of  gold, 
in  their  settings.  14  And  the  stones  were  according  to  the 
names  of  the  children  of  Israel,  twelve,  according  to  their 
names;  hke  the  engravings  of  a  signet,  every  one  according  to 
his  name,  for  the  twelve  tribes.  15  And  they  made  upon  the 
breastplate  chains  like  cords,  of  wreathen  work  of  pure  gold. 

16  And  they  made  two  settings  of  gold,  and  two  gold  rings, 
and  put  the  two  rings  on  the  two  ends  of  the  breastplate. 

17  And  they  put  the  two  wreathen  chains  of  gold  in  the  two 
rings  at  the  ends  of  the  breastplate.  18  And  the  other  two  ends 
of  the  two  wreathen  chains  they  put  on  the  two  settings,  and 
put  them  on  the  shoulder-pieces  of  the  ephod,  in  the  forepart 
thereof.  19  And  they  made  two  rings  of  gold,  and  put  them 
upon  the  two  ends  of  the  breastplate,  upon  the  edge  thereof, 
which  was  toward  the  side  of  the  ephod  inward.  20  And  they 
made  two  rings  of  gold,  and  put  them  on  the  two  shoulder- 
pieces  of  the  ephod  underneath,  in  the  forepart  thereof,  close  by 
the  coupling  thereof,  above  the  skilfully  woven  band  of  the 
ephod.  21  And  they  did  bind  the  breastplate  by  the  rings 
thereof  unto  the  rings  of  the  ephod  with  a  lace  of  blue,  that  it 
might  be  upon  the  skilfully  woven  band  of  the  ephod,  and  that 
the  breastplate  might  not  be  loosed  from  the  ephod;  as  Jeho- 
vah commanded  Moses. 

22  And  he  made  the  robe  of  the  ephod  of  woven  work,  all  of 
blue;  23  and  the  hole  of  the  robe  in  the  midst  thereof,  as  the 
hole  of  a  coat  of  mail,  with  a  binding  round  about  the  hole  of 
it,  that  it  should  not  be  rent.  24  And  they  made  upon  the 
skirts  of  the  robe  pomegranates  of  blue,  and  purple,  and  scarlet, 
and  twined  linen,  25  And  they  made  bells  of  pure  gold,  and 
put  the  bells  between  the  pomegranates  upon  the  skirts  of  the 
robe  around  about,  between  the  pomegranates;  26  a  bell  and 
a  pomegranate,  a  bell  and  a  pomegranate,  upon  the  skirts  of 
the  robe  round  about,  to  minister  in;  as  Jehovah  commanded 
Moses. 

27  And  they  made  the  coats  of  fine  linen  of  woven  work  for 
Aaron,  and  for  his  sons,  28  and  the  mitre  of  fine  linen,  and 
the  goodly  head-tires  of  fine  linen,  and  the  linen  breeches  of 


^0«  ]  P35  263 

fine  twined  linen,  29  and  the  girdle  of  fine  twined  linen,  and 
blue,  and  purple,  and  scarlet,  the  work  of  the  embroiderer;  as 
Jehovah  commanded  Moses. 

30  And  they  made  the  plate  of  the  holy  crown  of  pure  gold, 
and  wrote  upon  it  a  writing,  like  the  engravings  of  a  signet, 
HOLY  TO  JEHOVAH.  31  And  they  tied  unto  it  a  lace 
of  blue,  to  fasten  it  upon  the  mitre  above;  as  Jehovah  com- 
manded Moses. 

32  Thus  was  finished  all  the  work  of  the  tabernacle  of  the 
tent  of  meeting :  and  the  children  of  Israel  did  according  to  all 
that  Jehovah  commanded  Moses;  so  did  they.  33  And  they 
brought  the  tabernacle  unto  Moses,  the  Tent,  and  all  its  furni- 
ture, its  clasps,  its  boards,  its  bars,  and  its  pillars,  and  its 
sockets ;  34  and  the  covering  of  rams'  skins  dyed  red,  and  the 
covering  of  sealskins,  and  the  veil  of  the  screen;  35  the  ark 
of  the  testimony,  and  the  staves  thereof,  and  the  mercy-seat; 

36  the   table,   all   the   vessels   thereof,    and    the   showbread; 

37  the  pure  candlestick,  the  lamps  thereof,  even  the  lamps  to 
be  set  in  order,  and  all  the  vessels  thereof,  and  the  oil  for  the 
fight;  38  and  the  golden  altar,  and  the  anointing  oil,  and  the 
sweet  incense,  and  the  screen  for  the  door  of  the  Tent;  39  the 
brazen  altar,  and  its  grating  of  brass,  its  staves,  and  all  its 
vessels,  the  laver  and  its  base;  40  the  hangings  of  the  court, 
its  pillars,  and  its  sockets,  and  the  screen  for  the  gate  of  the 
court,  the  cords  thereof,  and  the  pins  thereof,  and  all  the  in- 
struments of  the  service  of  the  tabernacle,  for  the  tent  of  meet- 
ing; 41  the  finely  wrought  garments  for  ministering  in  the 
holy  place,  and  the  holy  garments  for  Aaron  the  priest,  and  the 
garments  of  his  sons,  to  minister  in  the  priest's  office.  42  Ac- 
cortling  to  all  that  Jehovah  commanded  Moses,  so  the  children 
of  Israel  did  all  the  work.  43  And  Moses  saw  all  the  work, 
and,  behold,  they  had  done  it;  as  Jehovah  had  commanded, 
even  so  had  they  done  it:  and  Moses  blessed  them. 

Ar\  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  2  On  the  first 
^  day  of  the  first  month  shalt  thou  rear  up  the  tabernacle  of 
the  tent  of  meeting.  3  And  thou  shalt  put  therein  the  ark  of 
the  testimony,  and  thou  shalt  screen  the  ark  with  the  veil, 
4  And  thou  shalt  bring  in  the  table,  and  set  in  order  the  things 
that  are  upon  it;  and  thou  shalt  bring  in  the  candlestick,  and 
light  the  lamps  thereof.  5  And  thou  shalt  set  th(^  gokUni  altar 
for  incense  before  the  ark  of  the  testimony,  and  put  the  screen 
of  the  door  to  the  tal^emacle.  6  And  thou  shalt  set  the  altar 
of  burnt-offering  before  the  door  of  the  tabernacle  of  the  tent 
of  meeting.  7  And  thou  shalt  set  the  laver  betw(H>n  the  tent  of 
meeting  and  the  altar,  and  shalt  put  water  therein.  8  And 
thou  shalt  set  up  the  court  round  about,  and  hang  up  the 


264  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH      [Ex.408 

screen  of  the  gate  of  the  court.  9  And  thou  shalt  take  the 
anointing  oil,  and  anoint  the  tabernacle,,  and  all  that  is  therein, 
and  shalt  hallow  it,  and  all  the  furniture  thereof:  and  it  shall 
be  holy.  10  And  thou  shalt  anoint  the  altar  of  burnt-offering, 
and  all  its  vessels,  and  sanctify  the  altar:  and  the  altar  shall 
be  most  holy.  11  And  thou  shalt  anoint  the  laver  and  its 
base,  and  sanctify  it.  12  And  thou  shalt  bring  Aaron  and  his 
sons  unto  the  door  of  the  tent  of  meeting,  and  shalt  wash  them 
with  water.  13  And  thou  shalt  put  upon  Aaron  the  holy  gar- 
ments; and  thou  shalt  anoint  him,  and  sanctify  him,  that  he 
may  minister  unto  me  in  the  priest's  office.  14  And  thou  shalt 
bring  his  sons,  and  put  coats  upon  them;  15  and  thou  shalt 
anoint  them,  as  thou  didst  anoint  their  father,  that  they  may 
minister  unto  me  in  the  priest's  office:  and  their  anointing 
shall  be  to  them  for  an  everlasting  priesthood  throughout  their 
generations.  16  Thus  did  Moses:  according  to  all  that  Jeho- 
vah commanded  him,  so  did  he. 

17  And  it  came  to  pass  in  the  first  month  in  the  second  year, 
on  the  first  day  of  the  month,  that  the  tabernacle  was  reared 
up.  18  And  Moses  reared  up  the  tabernacle,  and  laid  its 
sockets,  and  set  up  the  boards  thereof,  and  put  in  the  bars 
thereof,  and  reared  up  its  pillars.  19  And  he  spread  the  tent 
over  the  tabernacle,  and  put  the  covering  of  the  tent  above 
upon  it;  as  Jehovah  commanded  Moses.  20  And  he  took  and 
put  the  testimony  into  the  ark,  and  set  the  staves  on  the  ark, 
and  put  the  mercy-seat  above  upon  the  ark:  21  and  he 
brought  the  ark  into  the  tabernacle,  and  set  up  the  veil  of  the 
screen,  and  screened  the  ark  of  the  testimony;  as  Jehovah 
commanded  Moses.  22  And  he  put  the  table  in  the  tent  of 
meeting,  upon  the  side  of  the  tabernacle  northward,  without 
the  veil.  23  And  he  set  the  bread  in  order  upon  it  before 
Jehovah;  as  Jehovah  commanded  Moses.  24  And  he  put  the 
candlestick  in  the  tent  of  meeting,  over  against  the  table,  on 
the  side  of  the  tabernacle  southward.  25  And  he  lighted  the 
lamps  before  Jehovah ;  as  Jehovah  commanded  Moses.  26  And 
he  put  the  golden  altar  in  the  tent  of  meeting  before  the  veil: 
27  and  he  burnt  thereon  incense  of  sweet  spices;  as  Jehovah 
commanded  Moses.  28  And  he  put  the  screen  of  the  door 
to  the  tabernacle.  29  And  he  set  the  altar  of  burnt-offering  at 
the  door  of  the  tabernacle  of  the  tent  of  meeting,  and  offered 
upon  it  the  burnt-offering  and  the  meal-offering;  as  Jehovah 
commanded  Moses.  30  And  he  set  the  laver  between  the  tent 
of  meeting  and  the  altar,  and  put  water  therein,  wherewith  to 
wash.  31  And  Moses  and  Aaron  and  his  sons  washed  their 
hands  and  their  feet  thereat;  32  when  they  went  into  the 
tent  of  meeting,  and  when  they  came  near  unto  the  altar,  they 


-Lv.  P  ]  P35-37i  265 

washed;  as  Jehovah  commanded  Moses.  33  And  he  reared 
up  the  court  round  about  the  tabernacle  and  the  altar,  and 
set  up  the  screen  of  the  gate  of  the  court.  So  Moses  finished 
the  work. 

36.  The  Cloud  of  Jehovah.    P52,  38. 
Ex.  40^-'-3** 

34  Then  the  cloud  covered  the  tent  of  meeting,  and  the 
glory  of  Jehovah  filled  the  tabernacle.  35  And  Moses  was 
not  able  to  enter  into  the  tent  of  meeting,  because  the  cloud 
abode  thereon,  and  the  glory  of  Jehovah  filled  the  tabernacle. 
36  And  when  the  cloud  was  taken  up  from  over  the  tabernacle, 
the  children  of  Israel  went  onward,  throughout  all  their  jour- 
neys: 37  but  if  the  cloud  was  not  taken  up,  then  they  jour- 
neyed not  till  the  day  that  it  was  taken  up.  38  For  the  cloud 
of  Jehovah  was  upon  the  tabernacle  by  day,  and  there  was 
fire  therein  by  night,  in  the  sight  of  all  the  house  of  Israel, 
throughout  all  their  journeys. 

37.  The  Law  of  Offerings. 
Lv.  1-7 

37i.  Burnt-Oferings. 

Lv.  11-17 

1  And  Jehovah  called  unto  Moses,  and  spake  unto  him  out 
of  the  tent  of  mc^eting,  saying,  2  Speak  unto  the  children  of 
Israel,  and  say  unto  them,  When  any  man  of  you  offereth  an 
oblation  unto  Jehovah,  ye  shall  off(!r  your  oblation  of  the 
cattle,  even  of  the  herd  and  of  the  flock. 

3  If  his  oblation  hv.  a  burnt-offering  of  the  herd,  he  shall 
offer  it  a  male  without  bk^mish :  ho  shall  offt^r  it  at  the  door  of 
the  tent  of  meeting,  that  he  may  be  acc(>})ted  before  Jehovah. 

4  And  lie  shall  lay  his  hand  upon  the  head  of  th(^  burnt-offering ; 
and  it  shall  be  a(H;epted  for  him  to  make  atonement  for  him. 

5  And  he  shall  kill  the  bullock  b(>fore  Jehovah:  and  Aaron's 
sons,  the  priests,  shall  present  the  blood,  and  sprinkle  the 
blood  round  about  upon  the  altar  that  is  at  the  door  of  the 
tent  of  meeting.  6  And  he  shall  flay  the  burnt-offering,  and 
cut  it  into  its  pieces.  7  And  the  sons  of  Aaron  the  priest  shall 
put  fire  u])on  the  altar,  and  lay  wood  in  order  upon  the  fire; 
8  and  Aaron's  sons,  the  priests,  shall  lay  the  pieces,  the  head, 
and  the  fat,  in  ord(T  u})on  the  wood  that  is  on  the  fire  which 
is  upon  the  altar:  9  but  its  inwards  and  its  legs  shall  he  wash 
with  water.  And  the  priest  shall  burn  the  whole  on  the  altar, 
for  a  burnt-offering,  an  offering  made  by  fire,  of  a  sweet  savor 
unto  Jehovah. 


266  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH       [Lv.  V 

10  And  if  his  oblation  be  of  the  flock,  of  the  sheep,  or  of  the 
goats,  for  a  burnt-offering;  he  shall  offer  it  a  male  without 
blemish.  11  And  he  shall  kill  it  on  the  side  of  the  altar  north- 
ward before  Jehovah:  and  Aaron's  sons,  the  priests,  shall 
sprinkle  its  blood  upon  the  altar  round  about.  12  And  he 
shall  cut  it  into  its  pieces,  with  its  head  and  its  fat;  and  the 
priest  shall  lay  them  in  order  on  the  wood  that  is  on  the  fire 
which  is  upon  the  altar :  13  but  the  inwards  and  the  legs  shall 
he  wash  with  water.  And  the  priest  shall  offer  the  whole,  and 
burn  it  upon  the  altar :  it  is  a  burnt-offering,  an  offering  made 
by  fire,  of  a  sweet  savor  unto  Jehovah. 

14  And  if  his  oblation  to  Jehovah  be  a  burnt-offering  of 
birds,  then  he  shall  offer  his  oblation  of  turtle-doves,  or  of 
young  pigeons.  15  And  the  priest  shall  bring  it  unto  the  altar, 
and  wring  off  its  head,  and  burn  it  on  the  altar ;  and  the  blood 
thereof  shall  be  drained  out  on  the  side  of  the  altar;  16  and 
he  shall  take  away  its  crop  with  the  filth  thereof,  and  cast  it 
beside  the  altar  on  the  east  part,  in  the  place  of  the  ashes: 
17  and  he  shall  rend  it  by  the  wings  thereof,  hut  shall  not 
divide  it  asunder.  And  the  priest  shall  burn  it  upon  the  altar, 
upon  the  wood  that  is  upon  the  fire :  it  is  a  burnt-offering,  an 
offering  made  by  fire,  of  a  sweet  savor  unto  Jehovah. 

37ii.  Meal-Offerings. 

Lv.  21-ie 

1  And  when  any  one  offereth  an  oblation  of  a  meal-offering 
unto  Jehovah,  his  oblation  shall  be  of  fine  flour;  and  he  shall 
pour  oil  upon  it,  and  put  frankincense  thereon :  2  and  he  shall 
bring  it  to  Aaron's  sons  the  priests ;  and  he  shall  take  thereout 
his  handful  of  the  fine  flour  thereof,  and  of  the  oil  thereof,  with 
all  the  frankincense  thereof.  And  the  priest  shall  burn  it  as 
the  memorial  thereof  upon  the  altar,  an  offering  made  by  fire, 
of  a  sweet  savor  unto  Jehovah :  3  and  that  which  is  left  of  the 
meal-offering  shall  be  Aaron's  and  his  sons' :  it  is  a  thing  most 
holy  of  the  offerings  of  Jehovah  made  by  fire. 

4  And  when  thou  offerest  an  oblation  of  a  meal-offering 
baken  in  the  oven,  it  shall  be  unleavened  cakes  of  fine  flour 
mingled  with  oil,  or  unleavened  wafers  anointed  with  oil.  5  And 
if  thy  oblation  be  a  meal-offering  of  the  baking-pan,  it  shall  be 
of  fine  flour  unleavened,  mingled  with  oil.  6  Thou  shalt  part 
it  in  pieces,  and  pour  oil  thereon :  it  is  a  meal-offering.  7  And 
if  thy  oblation  be  a  meal-offering  of  the  frying-pan,  it  shall  be 
made  of  fine  flour  with  oil.  8  And  thou  shalt  bring  the  meal- 
offering  that  is  made  of  these  things  unto  Jehovah :  and  it 
shaU  be  presented  unto  the  priest,  and  he  shall  bring  it  unto 
the  altar.    9  And  the  priest  shall  take  up  from  the  meal-offering 


-3»  ]  P37i-iii  267 

the  memorial  thereof,  and  shall  bum  it  upon  the  altar,  an  offer- 
ing made  by  fire,  of  a  sweet  savor  unto  Jehovah.  10  And  that 
which  is  left  of  the  meal-offering  shall  be  Aaron's  and  his  sons' : 
it  is  a  thing  most  holy  of  the  offerings  of  Jehovah  made  by  fire. 

11  No  meal-offering,  which  ye  shall  offer  unto  Jehovah,  shall 
be  made  with  leaven;  for  ye  shall  bum  no  leaven,  nor  any 
honey,  as  an  offering  made  by  fire  unto  Jehovah.  12  As  an 
oblation  of  first-fruits  ye  shall  offer  them  unto  Jehovah:  but 
they  shall  not  come  up  for  a  sweet  savor  on  the  altar.  13  And 
every  oblation  of  thy  meal-offering  shalt  thou  season  with  salt ; 
neither  shalt  thou  suffer  the  salt  of  the  covenant  of  thy  Cod  to 
be  lacking  from  thy  meal-offering:  with  all  thine  oblations 
thou  shalt  offer  salt. 

14  And  if  thou  offer  a  meal-offering  of  first-fruits  unto  Jeho- 
vah, thou  shalt  offer  for  the  meal-offering  of  thy  first-fruits 
grain  in  the  ear  parched  with  fire,  bruised  grain  of  the  fresh 
ear.  15  And  thou  shalt  put  oil  upon  it,  and  lay  frankincense 
thereon:  it  is  a  meal-offering.  16  And  the  priest  shall  burn 
the  memorial  of  it,  part  of  the  bruised  grain  thereof,  and  part 
of  the  oil  thereof,  with  all  the  frankincense  thereof:  it  is  an 
offering  made  by  fire  unto  Jehovah. 

37iii.  Peace-Offerings. 

Lv.  31-17 

1  And  if  his  oblation  be  a  sacrifice  of  peace-offerings;  if  he 
offer  of  the  herd,  whether  male  or  female,  he  shall  offer  it 
without  blemish  before  Jehovah.  2  And  he  shall  lay  his  hand 
upon  the  head  of  his  oblation,  and  kill  it  at  the  door  of  the 
tent  of  m(H^ting:  and  Aaron's  sons  the  priests  shall  sprinkle 
the  blood  upon  the  altar  round  about.  3  And  he  shall  offer  of 
the  sacrifice  of  peace-offerings  an  offering  made  by  fire  unto 
Jehovah;  the  fat  that  covereth  the  inwards,  and  all  the  fat 
that  is  upon  the  inwards,  4  and  the  two  kidneys,  and  the  fat 
that  is  on  them,  which  is  by  the  loins,  and  the  caul  upon  the 
liver,  with  the  kidneys,  shall  he  take  away.  5  And  Aaron's 
sons  shall  burn  it  on  the  altar  upon  the  burnt-offering,  which 
is  upon  the  wood  that  is  on  the  fire:  it  is  an  offering  made  by 
fire,  of  a  sweet  savor  unto  Jehovah. 

6  And  if  his  oblation  for  a  sacrifice  of  peace-offerings  unto 
J(^hovah  be  of  the  flock ;  male  or  female,  he  shall  offer  it  with- 
out blemish.  7  If  he  offer  a  lamb  for  his  oblation,  then  shall  he 
offer  it  before  Jehovah;  8  and  he  shall  lay  his  hand  upon  the 
head  of  his  oblation,  and  kill  it  before  the  tent  of  meeting:  and 
Aaron's  sons  shall  sprinkle  the  blood  thereof  upon  the  altar 
round  about.  9  And  he  shall  offer  of  the  sacrifice  of  peace- 
offerings  an  offering  made  by  fire  unto  Jehovah ;  the  fat  thereof, 


268  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH        [  Lv.  3^ 

the  fat  tail  entire,  he  shall  take  away  hard  by  the  backbone; 
and  the  fat  that  covereth  the  inwards,  and  all  the  fat  that  is 
upon  the  inwards,  10  and  the  two  kidneys,  and  the  fat  that  is 
upon  them,  which  is  by  the  loins,  and  the  caul  upon  the  liver, 
with  the  kidneys,  shall  he  take  away.  11  And  the  priest  shall 
burn  it  upon  the  altar:  it  is  the  food  of  the  offering  made  by 
fire  unto  Jehovah. 

12  And  if  his  oblation  be  a  goat,  then  he  shall  offer  it  before 
Jehovah:  13  and  he  shall  lay  his  hand  upon  the  head  of  it, 
and  kill  it  before  the  tent  of  meeting;  and  the  sons  of  Aaron 
shall  sprinkle  the  blood  thereof  upon  the  altar  round  about. 
14  And  he  shall  offer  thereof  his  oblation,  even  an  offering 
made  by  fire  unto  Jehovah ;  the  fat  that  covereth  the  inwards, 
and  all  the  fat  that  is  upon  the  inwards,  15  and  the  two  kid- 
neys, and  the  fat  that  is  upon  them,  which  is  by  the  loins,  and 
the  caul  upon  the  fiver,  with  the  kidneys,  shall  he  take  away. 
16  And  the  priest  shall  burn  them  upon  the  altar:  it  is  the 
food  of  the  offering  made  by  fire,  for  a  sweet  savor ;  all  the  fat 
is  Jehovah's.  17  It  shall  be  a  perpetual  statute  throughout 
your  generations  in  all  your  dwellings,  that  ye  shall  eat  neither 
fat  nor  blood. 

37iv.  Sin-Offerings.     P32:Ex.  29. 

Lv.  41-513 

1  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  2  Speak  unto 
the  children  of  Israel,  saying.  If  any  one  shall  sin  unwittingly, 
in  any  of  the  things  which  Jehovah  hath  commanded  not  to  be 
done,  and  shall  do  any  one  of  them :  3  if  the  anointed  priest 
shall  sin  so  as  to  bring  guilt  on  the  people,  then  let  him  offer 
for  his  sin,  which  he  hath  sinned,  a  young  bullock  without 
blemish  unto  Jehovah  for  a  sin-offering.  4  And  he  shall  bring 
the  bullock  unto  the  door  of  the  tent  of  meeting  before  Jeho- 
vah; and  he  shall  lay  his  hand  upon  the  head  of  the  bullock, 
and  kill  the  bullock  before  Jehovah.  5  And  the  anointed  priest 
shall  take  of  the  blood  of  the  bullock,  and  bring  it  to  the  tent 
of  meeting :  6  and  the  priest  shall  dip  his  finger  in  the  blood, 
and  sprinkle  of  the  blood  seven  times  before  Jehovah,  before 
the  veil  of  the  sanctuary.  7  And  the  priest  shall  put  of  the 
blood  upon  the  horns  of  the  altar  of  sweet  incense  before  Jeho- 
vah, which  is  in  the  tent  of  meeting;  and  all  the  blood  of  the 
bullock  shall  he  pour  out  at  the  base  of  the  altar  of  burnt- 
offering,  which  is  at  the  door  of  the  tent  of  meeting.  8  And  all 
the  fat  of  the  bullock  of  the  sin-offering  he  shall  take  off  from 
it;  the  fat  that  covereth  the  inwards,  and  all  the  fat  that  is 
upon  the  inwards,  9  and  the  two  kidneys,  and  the  fat  that  is 
upon  them,  which  is  by  the  loins,  and  the  caul  upon  the  fiver, 


-427  ]  P37iii-iv  269 

with  the  kidneys,  shall  he  take  away,  10  as  it  is  taken  off 
from  the  ox  of  the  sacrifice  of  peace-offerings:  and  the  priest 
shall  burn  them  upon  the  altar  of  burnt-offering.  11  And  the 
skin  of  the  l^uUock,  and  all  its  flesh,  with  its  head,  and  with 
its  legs,  and  its  inwards,  and  its  dung,  12  even  the  whole  bul- 
lock shall  he  carry  forth  without  the  camp  unto  a  clean  place, 
where  the  ashes  are  poured  out,  and  burn  it  on  wood  with  fire : 
where  the  ashes  are  poured  out  shall  it  be  burnt, 

13  And  if  the  whole  congregation  of  Israel  err,  and  the 
thing  be  hid  from  the  eyes  of  the  assembly,  and  they  have 
done  any  of  th(>  things  which  Jehovah  hath  commanded  not 
to  be  done,  and  ar(>  guilty;  14  when  the  sin  wherein  they  have 
sinned  is  known,  then  the  assembly  shall  offer  a  young  bullock 
for  a  sin-offering,  and  bring  it  before  the  tent  of  meeting. 
15  And  the  elders  of  the  congregation  shall  lay  their  hands 
upon  the  head  of  the  bullock  before  Jehovah ;  and  the  bullock 
shall  be  killed  before  Jehovah.  16  And  the  anointed  priest 
shall  bring  of  the  blood  of  the  bullock  to  the  tent  of  meeting: 
17  and  the  priest  shall  dip  his  finger  in  the  blood,  and  sprinkle 
it  seven  times  before  Jehovah,  before  the  veil.  18  And  he  shall 
put  of  the  blood  upon  the  horns  of  the  altar  which  is  b(>fore 
Jehovah,  that  is  in  tin;  tent  of  meeting;  and  all  the  blood  shall 
he  pour  out  at  the  base  of  the  altar  of  burnt-offering,  which  is 
at  the  door  of  the  tent  of  meeting.  19  And  all  the  fat  thereof 
shall  he  take  off  from  it,  and  burn  it  upon  the  altar.  20  Thus 
shall  he  do  with  the  bullock ;  as  he  did  with  the  bullock  of  the 
sin-offering,  so  shall  he  do  with  this;  and  the  priest  shall  make 
atonement  for  them,  and  they  shall  be  forgiven.  21  And  he 
shall  carry  forth  the  bullock  without  the  camp,  and  burn  it  as 
he  burned  the  first  bullock:  it  is  the  sin-offering  for  the  as- 
sembly. 

22  When  a  ruler  sinneth,  and  doeth  unwittingly  any  one  of 
all  the  things  which  Jehovah  his  God  hath  connnanded  not  to 
be  done,  and  is  guilty;  23  if  his  sin,  wherein  he  hath  sinned, 
be  made  knowTi  to  him,  he  shall  bring  for  his  oblation  a  goat, 
a  male  without  l)lemish.  24  And  he  shall  lay  his  hand  upon 
the  h(nid  of  the  goat,  and  kill  it  in  the  place  where  they  kill  the 
burnt-offering  before  Jehovah:  it  is  a  sin-offering.  25  And 
the  priest  shall  take  of  the  blood  of  the  sin-offering  with  his 
finger,  and  put  it  ujion  the  liorns  of  the  altar  of  l)urnt-ofTering; 
and  the  blood  thereof  sliall  he  pour  out  at  the  base  of  the  altar 
of  burnt-offering.  26  And  all  the  fat  thereof  shall  he  burn 
upon  the  altar,  as  the  fat  of  the  sacrifice  of  peace-offerings ;  and 
the  priest  shall  make  atonement  for  him  as  concerning  his  sin, 
and  he  shall  be  forgiven. 

27  And  if  any  one  of  the  common  people  sin  unwittingly,  in 


270  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH       [  Lv.  4^' 

doing  any  of  the  things  which  Jehovah  hath  commanded  not 
to  be  done,  and  be  guilty ;  28  if  his  sin,  which  he  hath  sinned, 
be  made  known  to  him,  then  he  shall  bring  for  his  oblation  a 
goat,  a  female  without  blemish,  for  his  sin  which  he  hath  sinned. 
29  And  he  shall  lay  his  hand  upon  the  head  of  the  sin-offering, 
and  kill  the  sin-offering  in  the  place  of  burnt-offering.  30  And 
the  priest  shall  take  of  the  blood  thereof  with  his  finger,  and 
put  it  upon  the  horns  of  the  altar  of  burnt-offering;  and  all 
the  blood  thereof  shall  he  pour  out  at  the  base  of  the  altar. 
31  And  all  the  fat  thereof  shall  he  take  away,  as  the  fat  is  taken 
away  from  off  the  sacrifice  of  peace-offerings;  and  the  priest 
shall  burn  it  upon  the  altar  for  a  sweet  savor  unto  Jehovah; 
and  the  priest  shall  make  atonement  for  him,  and  he  shall  be 
forgiven. 

32  And  if  he  bring  a  lamb  as  his  oblation  for  a  sin-offering, 
he  shall  bring  it  a  female  without  blemish.  33  And  he  shall 
lay  his  hand  upon  the  head  of  the  sin-offering,  and  kill  it  for  a 
sin-offering  in  the  place  where  they  kill  the  burnt-offering. 
34  And  the  priest  shall  take  of  the  blood  of  the  sin-offering 
with  his  finger,  and  put  it  upon  the  horns  of  the  altar  of  burnt- 
offering  ;  and  all  the  blood  thereof  shall  he  pour  out  at  the  base 
of  the  altar.  35  And  all  the  fat  thereof  shall  he  take  away,  as 
the  fat  of  the  lamb  is  taken  away  from  the  sacrifice  of  peace- 
offerings;  and  the  priest  shall  bum  them  on  the  altar,  upon 
the  offerings  of  Jehovah  made  by  fire;  and  the  priest  shall 
make  atonement  for  him  as  touching  his  sin  that  he  hath  sinned, 
and  he  shall  be  forgiven. 

p^  And  if  any  one  sin,  in  that  he  heareth  the  voice  of  adjura- 
^  tion,  he  being  a  witness,  whether  he  hath  seen  or  known, 
if  he  do  not  utter  it,  then  he  shall  bear  his  iniquity.  2  Or  if 
any  one  touch  any  unclean  thing,  whether  it  be  the  carcass  of 
an  unclean  beast,  or  the  carcass  of  unclean  cattle,  or  the  car- 
cass of  unclean  creeping  things,  and  it  be  hidden  from  him,  and 
he  be  unclean,  then  he  shall  be  guilty.  3  Or  if  he  touch  the 
uncleanness  of  man,  whatsoever  his  uncleanness  be  wherewith 
he  is  unclean,  and  it  be  hid  from  him;  when  he  knoweth  of 
it,  then  he  shall  be  guilty.  4  Or  if  any  one  swear  rashly  with 
his  lips  to  do  evil,  or  to  do  good,  whatsoever  it  be  that  a  man 
shall  utter  rashly  with  an  oath,  and  it  be  hid  from  him;  when 
he  knoweth  of  it,  then  he  shall  be  guilty  in  one  of  these  things. 
5  And  it  shall  be,  when  he  shall  be  guilty  in  one  of  these  things, 
that  he  shall  confess  that  wherein  he  hath  sinned:  6  and  he 
shall  bring  his  trespass-offering  unto  Jehovah  for  his  sin  which 
he  hath  sinned,  a  female  from  the  flock,  a  lamb  or  a  goat,  for 
a  sin-offering;  and  the  priest  shall  make  atonement  for  him  as 
concerning  his  sin. 


-5'»  J  P37iv-v  271 

7  And  if  his  means  suffice  not  for  a  lamb,  then  he  shall  bring 
his  trespass-offering  for  that  wherein  he  liath  sinned,  two  turtle- 
doves, or  two  young  pigeons,  unto  Jehovah;  one  for  a  sin- 
offering,  and  the  other  for  a  burnt-offering.  8  And  he  shall 
bring  them  unto  the  priest,  who  shall  offer  that  which  is  for 
the  sin-offering  first,  and  wring  off  its  head  from  its  neck,  but 
shall  not  divide  it  asunder:  9  and  he  shall  sprinkle  of  the 
blood  of  the  sin-offering  ui)on  the  side  of  the  altar;  and  the 
rest  of  the  blood  shall  be  drained  out  at  the  base  of  the  altar : 
it  is  a  sin-offering.  10  And  he  shall  offer  the  second  for  a  burnt- 
offering,  according  to  the  ordinance ;  and  the  priest  shall  make 
atonement  for  him  as  concerning  his  sin  which  he  hath  sinned, 
and  he  shall  be  forgiven. 

11  But  if  his  means  suffice  not  for  two  turtle-doves,  or  two 
young  pigeons,  then  he  shall  bring  his  oblation  for  that  wherein 
he  hath  sinned,  the  tenth  part  of  an  ephah  of  fine  flour  for  a  sia- 
offering:  he  shall  put  no  oil  upon  it,  neither  shall  he  put  any 
frankincense  thereon ;  for  it  is  a  sin-offering.  12  And  he  shall 
bring  it  to  the  priest,  and  the  priest  shall  take  his  handful  of 
it  as  the  memorial  thereof,  and  burn  it  on  the  altar,  upon  the 
offerings  of  Jehovah  made  by  fire :  it  is  a  sin-offering.  13  And 
the  pri{^st  shall  make  atonement  for  him  as  touching  his  sin 
that  he  hath  sinned  in  any  of  these  things,  and  he  shall  be  for- 
given :  and  the  remnant  shall  be  the  priest's,  as  the  meal-offering. 

37v.  Trespass-Offerings  (or  Guilt-Offerings). 

Lv.  51^-6^ 

14  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  15  If  any  one 
commit  a  trespass,  and  sin  unwittingly,  in  the  holy  things  of 
Jehovah ;  then  he  shall  bring  his  trespass-offering  unto  Jeho- 
vah, a  ram  without  blemish  out  of  the  flock,  according  to  thy 
estimation  in  silver  by  shekels,  after  the  shekel  of  the  sanc- 
tuary, for  a  trespass-offering:  16  and  he  shall  make  restitu- 
tion for  that  which  he  hath  done  amiss  in  the  holy  thing,  and 
shall  add  the  fifth  part  thereto,  and  give  it  unto  the  priest; 
and  the  pri(^st  shall  make  atonement  for  him  with  the  ram  of 
the  trespass-offering,  and  he  shall  be  forgiven. 

17  And  if  any  one  sin,  and  do  any  of  the  things  which  Jeho- 
vah hath  cormnanded  not  to  be  done;  though  he  knew  it  not, 
y(>t  is  he  guilty,  and  shall  bear  his  iniquity.  18  And  he  shall 
bring  a  ram  without  blemish  out  of  the  flock,  according  to  thy 
estimation,  for  a  tres])ass-offering,  unto  th(^  priest;  and  the 
priest  shall  make  aton(>ment  for  him  concerning  the  thing 
wherc^in  he  erred  unwittingly  and  knew  it  not,  and  he  shall  be 
forgiven.  19  It  is  a  trespass-offering:  he  is  certainly  guilty 
before  Jehovah. 


272  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH        [  Lv.  6^ 

£?  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  2  If  any  one 
^  sin,  and  commit  a  trespass  against  Jehovah,  and  deal  falsely 
with  his  neighbor  in  a  matter  of  deposit,  or  of  bargain,  or  of 
robbery,  or  have  oppressed  his  neighbor,  3  or  have  found  that 
which  was  lost,  and  deal  falsely  therein,  and  swear  to  a  lie; 
in  any  of  all  these  things  that  a  man  doeth,  sumuig  therein; 
4  then  it  shall  be,  if  he  hath  sinned,  and  is  guilty,  that  he  shall 
restore  that  which  he  took  by  robbery,  or  the  thing  which  he 
hath  gotten  by  oppression,  or  the  deposit  which  was  com- 
mitted to  him,  or  the  lost  thing  which  he  found,  5  or  anything 
about  Avhich  he  hath  sworn  falsely;  he  shall  even  restore  it  in 
full,  and  shall  add  the  fifth  part  more  thereto;  unto  him  to 
whom  it  appertaineth  shall  he  give  it,  in  the  day  of  his  being 
found  guilty.  6  And  he  shall  bring  his  trespass-offering  unto 
Jehovah,  a  ram  without  blemish  out  of  the  flock,  according  to 
thy  estimation,  for  a  trespass-offering,  unto  the  priest :  7  and 
the  priest  shall  make  atonement  for  him  before  Jehovah;  and 
he  shall  be  forgiven  concerning  whatsoever  he  doeth  so  as  to 
be  guilty  thereby. 

37vi.  Prescriptions  for  the  Priests  with  Reference  to 
Offerings.     P42iii  H. 

Lv.  6«-738 

8  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  9  Command 
Aaron  and  his  sons,  saying.  This  is  the  law  of  the  burnt-offer- 
ing: the  burnt-offering  shall  be  on  the  hearth  upon  the  altar 
all  night  unto  the  morning ;  and  the  fire  of  the  altar  shall  be  kept 
burning  thereon.  10  And  the  priest  shall  put  on  his  linen  gar- 
ment, and  his  linen  breeches  shall  he  put  upon  his  flesh;  and 
he  shall  take  up  the  ashes  whereto  the  fire  hath  consumed  the 
burnt-offering  on  the  altar,  and  he  shall  put  them  beside  the 
altar.  11  And  he  shall  put  off  his  garments,  and  put  on  other 
garments,  and  carry  forth  the  ashes  without  the  camp  unto  a 
clean  place.  12  And  the  fire  upon  the  altar  shall  be  kept 
burning  thereon,  it  shall  not  go  out ;  and  the  priest  shall  burn 
wood  on  it  every  morning:  and  he  shall  lay  the  burnt-offering 
in  order  upon  it,  and  shall  bum  thereon  the  fat  of  the  peace- 
offerings.  13  Fire  shall  be  kept  burning  upon  the  altar  con- 
tinually; it  shall  not  go  out. 

14  And  this  is  the  law  of  the  meal-offering:  the  sons  of 
Aaron  shall  offer  it  before  Jehovah,  before  the  altar.  15  And 
he  shall  take  up  therefrom  his  handful,  of  the  fine  flour  of  the 
meal-offering,  and  of  the  oil  thereof,  and  all  the  frankincense 
which  is  upon  the  meal-offering,  and  shall  bum  it  upon  the 
altar  for  a  sweet  savor,  as  the  memorial  thereof,  unto  Jehovah. 
16  And  that  which  is  left  thereof  shall  Aaron  and  his  sons  eat : 


-7«  ]  P37v-vi  273 

it  shall  be  eaten  without  leaven  in  a  holy  place;  in  the  court 
of  the  tent  of  meeting  they  shall  eat  it.  17  It  shall  not  be 
baken  with  leaven.  1  have  given  it  as  their  portion  of  my 
offerings  made  by  fire;  it  is  most  holy,  as  the  sin-offering,  and 
as  the  trespass-offering.  18  Every  male  among  the  children 
of  Aaron  shall  eat  of  it,  as  his  portion  for  ever  throughout  your 
generations,  from  the  offerings  of  Jehovah  made  by  fire:  who- 
soever toucheth  them  shall  be  holy. 

19  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  20  This  is  the 
oblation  of  Aaron  and  of  his  sons,  which  they  shall  offer  unto 
Jehovah  in  the  day  when  he  is  anointed :  the  tenth  part  of  an 
ephah  of  fine  flour  for  a  meal-offering  perpetually,  half  of  it  in 
the  morning,  and  half  thereof  in  the  evening.  21  On  a  baking- 
pan  it  shall  be  made  with  oil;  when  it  is  soaked,  thou  shalt 
bring  it  in:  in  baken  pieces  shalt  thou  offer  the  meal-offering 
for  a  sweet  savor  unto  Jehovah.  22  And  the  anointed  priest 
that  shall  be  in  his  stead  from  among  his  sons  shall  offer  it: 
bj^  a  statute  for  ever  it  shall  be  wholly  burnt  unto  Jehovah. 
23  And  every  meal-offering  of  the  priest  shall  be  wholly  burnt : 
it  shall  not  be  eaten. 

24  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  25  Speak  unto 
Aaron  and  to  his  sons,  saying,  This  is  the  law  of  the  sin-offer- 
ing :  m  the  place  where  the  burnt-offering  is  killed  shall  the  sin- 
offering  be  killed  before  Jehovah:  it  is  most  holy.  26  The 
priest  that  offereth  it  for  sin  shall  eat  it :  in  a  holy  place  shall  it 
be  eaten,  in  the  court  of  the  tent  of  meeting.  27  Whatsoever 
shall  touch  the  flesh  thereof  shall  be  holy;  and  when  there  is 
sprinkled  of  the  blood  thereof  upon  any  garment,  thou  shalt 
wash  that  whereon  it  was  sprinkled  in  a  holy  place.  28  But 
the  earthen  vessel  wherein  it  is  boiled  shall  be  broken;  and  if 
it  be  boiled  in  a  brazen  vessel,  it  shall  be  scoured,  and  rinsed  in 
water.  29  Every  male  among  the  priests  shall  eat  thereof: 
it  is  most  holy.  30  And  no  sin-offering,  whereof  any  of  the 
blood  is  brought  into  the  tent  of  meeting  to  make  atonement 
in  the  holy  place,  shall  be  eaten :  it  shall  be  burnt  with  fire. 
ly  And  this  is  the  law  of  the  trespass-offering:  it  is  most 
*  holy.  2  In  the  place  where  they  kill  the  bunit-offering 
shall  they  kill  the  trespass-offering ;  and  the  blood  thereof  shall 
he  sprinkle  upon  the  altar  round  about.  3  And  he  shall  offer 
of  it  all  the  fat  thereof:  the  fat  tail,  and  the  fat  that  covereth 
the  inwards,  4  and  the  two  kidneys,  and  the  fat  that  is  on 
th(>m,  which  is  by  the  loins,  and  the  caul  upon  the  liver,  with 
the  kidneys,  shall  he  take  away;  5  and  the  priest  shall  burn 
them  upon  the  altar  for  an  offering  made  bj^  fire  unto  Jehovah : 
it  is  a  trespass-offering.  6  Every  male  among  the  priests  shall 
eat  thereof:  it  shall  be  eaten  in  a  holy  place:  it  is  most  holy. 


274  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH        [  Lv.  7^ 

7  As  is  the  sin-offering,  so  is  the  trespass-offering;  there  is  one 
law  for  them :  the  priest  that  maketh  atonement  therewith,  he 
shall  have  it.  8  And  the  priest  that  offereth  any  man's  burnt- 
offering,  even  the  priest  shall  have  to  himself  the  skin  of  the 
burnt-offering  which  he  hath  offered.  9  And  every  meal- 
offering  that  is  baken  in  the  oven,  and  all  that  is  dressed  in  the 
frying-pan,  and  on  the  baking-pan,  shall  be  the  priest's  that 
offereth  it.  10  And  every  meal-offering,  mingled  with  oil,  or 
dry,  shall  all  the  sons  of  Aaron  have,  one  as  well  as  another. 

11  And  this  is  the  law  of  the  sacrifice  of  peace-offerings, 
which  one  shall  offer  unto  Jehovah.  12  If  he  offer  it  for  a 
thanksgiving,  then  he  shall  offer  with  the  sacrifice  of  thanks- 
giving unleavened  cakes  mingled  with  oil,  and  unleavened 
wafers  anomted  with  oil,  and  cakes  mingled  with  oil,  of  fine 
flour  soaked.  13  With  cakes  of  leavened  bread  he  shall  offer 
his  oblation  with  the  sacrifice  of  his  peace-offerings  for  thanks- 
giving. 14  And  of  it  he  shall  offer  one  out  of  each  oblation 
for  a  heave-offering  unto  Jehovah;  it  shall  be  the  priest's  that 
sprinkleth  the  blood  of  the  peace-offerings. 

15  And  the  flesh  of  the  sacrifice  of  his  peace-offerings  for 
thanksgiving  shall  be  eaten  on  the  day  of  his  oblation;  he 
shall  not  leave  any  of  it  until  the  morning.  16  But  if  the 
sacrifice  of  his  oblation  be  a  vow,  or  a  freewill-offering,  it  shall 
be  eaten  on  the  day  that  he  offereth  his  sacrifice;  and  on  the 
morrow  that  which  remaineth  of  it  shall  be  eaten:  17  but 
that  which  remaineth  of  the  flesh  of  the  sacrifice  on  the  third 
day  shall  be  burnt  with  fire.  18  And  if  any  of  the  flesh  of  the 
sacrifice  of  his  peace-offerings  be  eaten  on  the  third  day,  it 
shall  not  be  accepted,  neither  shall  it  be  imputed  unto  him  that 
offereth  it :  it  shall  be  an  abomination,  and  the  soul  that  eateth 
of  it  shall  bear  his  iniquity. 

19  And  the  flesh  that  toucheth  any  unclean  thing  shall  not 
be  eaten;  it  shall  be  burnt  with  fire.  And  as  for  the  flesh, 
every  one  that  is  clean  shall  eat  thereof :  20  but  the  soul  that 
eateth  of  the  flesh  of  the  sacrifice  of  peace-offerings,  that  per- 
tain unto  Jehovah,  having  his  uncleanness  upon  him,  that  soul 
shall  be  cut  off  from  his  people.  21  And  when  any  one  shall 
touch  any  unclean  thing,  the  uncleanness  of  man,  or  an  un- 
clean beast,  or  any  unclean  abomination,  and  eat  of  the  flesh 
of  the  sacrifice  of  peace-offerings,  which  pertain  unto  Jehovah, 
that  soul  shall  be  cut  off  from  his  people. 

22  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  23  Speak  unto 
the  children  of  Israel,  saying,  Ye  shall  eat  no  fat,  of  ox,  or  sheep, 
or  goat.  24  And  the  fat  of  that  which  dieth  of  itself,  and  the 
fat  of  that  which  is  torn  of  beasts,  may  be  used  for  any  other 
service;  but  ye  shall  in  no  wise  eat  of  it.    25  For  whosoever 


-85  ]  P37vi-38  275 

eateth  the  fat  of  the  beast,  of  which  men  offer  an  offering  made 
by  fire  unto  Jehovah,  even  the  soul  that  eateth  it  shall  be  cut 
off  from  his  people.  26  And  ye  shall  eat  no  manner  of  blood, 
whether  it  be  of  l)ird  or  of  beast,  in  any  of  your  dwellings. 
27  Whosoever  it  be  that  eateth  any  blood,  that  soul  shall  be 
cut  off  from  his  people. 

28  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  29  Speak  unto 
the  children  of  Israel,  saying,  He  that  offereth  the  sacrifice  of 
his  peace-offerings  unto  Jehovah  shall  bring  his  oblation  unto 
Jehovah  out  of  the  sacrifice  of  his  peace-offerings :  30  his  o\vn 
hands  shall  bring  the  offerings  of  Jehovah  made  by  fire;  the 
fat  with  the  breast  shall  he  bring,  that  the  breast  may  be 
waved  for  a  wave-offering  before  Jehovah.  31  And  the  priest 
shall  bum  the  fat  upon  the  altar;  but  the  breast  shall  be 
Aaron's  and  his  sons'.  32  And  the  right  thigh  shall  ye  give 
unto  the  priest  for  a  heave-offering  out  of  the  sacrifices  of  your 
peace-offerings.  33  He  among  the  sons  of  Aaron  that  offereth 
the  blood  of  the  peace-offerings,  and  the  fat,  shall  have  the 
right  thigh  for  a  portion.  34  For  the  wave-breast  and  the 
heave-thigh  have  I  taken  of  the  children  of  Israel  out  of  the 
sacrifices  of  their  peace-offerings,  and  have  given  them  unto 
Aaron  the  priest  and  unto  his  sons  as  their  portion  for  ever 
from  the  children  of  Israeli. 

35  This  is  the  anointing-portion  of  Aaron,  and  the  anointing- 
portion  of  his  sons,  out  of  the  offerings  of  Jehovah  made  by 
fire,  in  the  day  when  he  presented  them  to  minister  unto  Jeho- 
vah in  the  priest's  office ;  36  which  Jehovah  commanded  to  be 
given  them  of  the  children  of  Israel,  in  the  day  that  he  anointed 
them.    It  is  their  portion  for  ever  throughout  their  generations. 

37  This  is  the  law  of  the  bumt-offering,  of  the  meal-offering, 
and  of  the  sin-offering,  and  of  the  trespass-offering,  and  of  the 
consecration,  and  of  the  sacrifice  of  peace-offerings;  38  which 
Jehovah  commanded  Moses  in  mount  Sinai,  in  the  day  that  he 
commanded  the  children  of  Israel  to  offer  their  oblations  unto 
Jehovah,  in  the  wilderness  of  Sinai. 

38.  Consecration  of  Aaron  and  His  Sons  and  of  Offer- 
ings. P35,  36. 
Lv.  81-92" 
o  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  2  Take  Aaron 
^  and  his  sons  with  him,  and  the  garments,  and  the  anointing 
oil,  and  the  bullock  of  the  sin-offering,  and  the  two  rams,  and 
the  basket  of  unleavened  bread;  3  and  assemble  thou  all  the 
congregation  at  the  door  of  the  tent  of  meeting.  4  And  Moses 
did  as  Jehovah  command(^d  him ;  and  the  congregation  was  as- 
sembled at  the  door  of  the  tent  of  meeting.    5  And  Moses  said 


276  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH        [  Lv.  8^ 

unto  the  congregation,  This  is  the  thing  which  Jehovah  hath 
commanded  to  be  done. 

6  And  Moses  brought  Aaron  and  his  sons,  and  washed  them 
with  water.  7  And  he  put  upon  him  the  coat,  and  girded  him 
with  the  girdle,  and  clothed  him  with  the  robe,  and  put  the 
ephod  upon  him,  and  he  girded  him  with  the  skilfully  woven 
band  of  the  ephod,  and  bound  it  unto  him  therewith.  8  And 
he  placed  the  breastplate  upon  him:  and  in  the  breastplate  he 
put  the  Urim  and  the  Thummim.  9  And  he  set  the  mitre 
upon  his  head;  and  upon  the  mitre,  in  front,  did  he  set  the 
golden  plate,  the  holy  crowni;  as  Jehovah  commanded  Moses. 

10  And  Moses  took  the  anointing  oil,  and  anointed  the  taber- 
nacle and  all  that  was  therein,  and  sanctified  them.  11  And  he 
sprinkled  thereof  upon  the  altar  seven  times,  and  anointed  the 
altar  and  all  its  vessels,  and  the  laver  and  its  base,  to  sanctify 
them.  12  And  he  poured  of  the  anointing  oil  upon  Aaron's 
head,  and  anointed  him,  to  sanctify  him.  13  And  Moses 
brought  Aaron's  sons,  and  clothed  them  with  coats,  and  girded 
them  with  girdles,  and  bound  head-tires  upon  them;  as  Jeho- 
vah commanded  Moses. 

14  And  he  brought  the  bullock  of  the  sin-offering:  and 
Aaron  and  his  sons  laid  their  hands  upon  the  head  of  the  bul- 
lock of  the  sin-offering.  15  And  he  slew  it;  and  Moses  took 
the  blood,  and  put  it  upon  the  horns  of  the  altar  round  about 
with  his  finger,  and  purified  the  altar,  and  poured  out  the  blood 
at  the  base  of  the  altar,  and  sanctified  it,  to  make  atonement 
for  it.  16  And  he  took  all  the  fat  that  was  upon  the  inwards, 
and  the  caul  of  the  liver,  and  the  two  kidneys,  and  their  fat; 
and  Moses  burned  it  upon  the  altar.  17  But  the  bullock,  and 
its  skin,  and  its  flesh,  and  its  dung,  he  burnt  with  fire  without 
the  camp;  as  Jehovah  commanded  Moses. 

18  And  he  presented  the  ram  of  the  burnt-offering:  and 
Aaron  and  his  sons  laid  their  hands  upon  the  head  of  the  ram. 
19  And  he  killed  it;  and  Moses  sprinkled  the  blood  upon  the 
altar  round  about.  20  And  he  cut  the  ram  into  its  pieces; 
and  Moses  burnt  the  head,  and  the  pieces,  and  the  fat.  21  And 
he  washed  the  inwards  and  the  legs  with  water;  and  Moses 
burnt  the  whole  ram  upon  the  altar:  it  was  a  burnt-offering 
for  a  sweet  savor:  it  was  an  offering  made  by  fire  unto  Jeho- 
vah; as  Jehovah  commanded  Moses. 

22  And  he  presented  the  other  ram,  the  ram  of  consecration : 
and  Aaron  and  his  sons  laid  their  hands  upon  the  head  of  the 
ram.  23  And  he  slew  it ;  and  Moses  took  of  the  blood  thereof, 
and  put  it  upon  the  tip  of  Aaron's  right  ear,  and  upon  the 
thumb  of  his  right  hand,  and  upon  the  great  toe  of  his  right 
foot.    24  And  he  brought  Aaron's  sons;  and  Moses  put  of  the 


-9^  ]  P38  277 

blood  upon  the  tip  of  their  right  ear,  and  upon  the  thumb  of 
their  right  hiind,  and  upon  the  great  toe  of  their  right  foot: 
and  Moses  sprinkled  the  blood  upon  the  altar  round  about. 
25  And  he  took  the  fat,  and  the  fat  tail,  and  all  the  fat  that 
was  upon  the  inwards,  and  the  caul  of  the  liver,  and  the  two 
kidneys,  and  their  fat,  and  the  right  thigh :  26  and  out  of  the 
basket  of  unleavened  bread,  that  was  before  Jehovah,  he  took 
one  unleavened  cake,  and  one  cake  of  oiled  bread,  and  one 
wafer,  and  placed  them  on  the  fat,  and  upon  the  right  thigh: 
27  and  he  put  the  whole  upon  the  hands  of  Aaron,  and  upon 
the  hands  of  his  sons,  and  waved  them  for  a  wave-offering  be- 
fore Jehovah.  28  And  Moses  took  them  from  off  their  hands, 
and  burnt  them  on  the  altar  upon  the  burnt-offering:  they 
were  a  consecration  for  a  sweet  savor :  it  was  an  offering  made 
by  fire  unto  Jehovah.  29  And  Moses  took  the  breast,  and 
waved  it  for  a  wave-offering  before  Jehovah:  it  was  Moses' 
portion  of  the  ram  of  consecration;  as  Jehovah  commanded 
Moses. 

30  And  Moses  took  of  the  anointing  oil,  and  of  the  blood 
which  was  upon  the  altar,  and  sprinkled  it  upon  Aaron,  upon 
his  garments,  and  upon  his  sons,  and  upon  his  sons'  garments 
with  him,  and  sanctified  Aaron,  his  garments,  and  his  sons, 
and  his  sons'  garments  with  him. 

31  And  Moses  said  unto  Aaron  and  to  his  sons,  Boil  the 
flesh  at  the  door  of  the  tent  of  meeting:  and  there  eat  it  and 
the  bread  that  is  in  the  basket  of  consecration,  as  I  commanded, 
saying,  Aaron  and  his  sons  shall  eat  it.  32  And  that  which 
remaineth  of  the  flesh  and  of  the  bread  shall  ye  burn  with  fire. 
33  And  ye  shall  not  go  out  from  the  door  of  the  tent  of  meeting 
seven  days,  until  the  days  of  your  consecration  be  fulfilled: 
for  he  shall  consecrate  you  seven  days.  34  As  hath  been  done 
this  day,  so  Jehovah  hath  commanded  to  do,  to  make  atone- 
ment for  you.  35  And  at  the  door  of  the  tent  of  meeting  shall 
ye  abide  day  and  night  seven  days,  and  keep  the  charge  of 
Jehovah,  that  ye  die  not:  for  so  I  am  commanded.  36  And 
Aaron  and  his  sons  did  all  the  things  which  Jehovah  com- 
manded by  Moses. 

Q  And  it  came  to  pass  on  the  eighth  day,  that  Moses  called 
^  Aaron  and  his  sons,  and  the  elders  of  Israel ;  2  and  he  said 
unto  Aaron,  Take  thee  a  calf  of  the  herd  for  a  sin-offering,  and 
a  ram  for  a  burnt-offering,  without  blemish,  and  offer  them 
before  Jehovah.  3  And  unto  th(^  children  of  Israel  thou  shalt 
speak,  saying.  Take  ye  a  he-goat  for  a  sin-oif ering ;  and  a  calf 
and  a  lamb,  both  a  year  old,  without  blemish,  for  a  burnt- 
offering;  4  and  an  ox  and  a  ram  for  peace-offerings,  to  sacri- 
fice before  Jehovah ;  and  a  meal-offering  mingled  with  oil :  for 


278  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH        [  Lv.  9* 

to-day  Jehovah  appeareth  unto  you.  5  And  they  brought  that 
which  Moses  commanded  before  the  tent  of  meeting:  and  all 
the  congregation  drew  near  and  stood  before  Jehovah.  6  And 
Moses  said,  This  is  the  thing  which  Jehovah  commanded  that 
ye  should  do :  and  the  glory  of  Jehovah  shall  appear  unto  you. 
7  And  Moses  said  unto  Aaron,  Draw  near  unto  the  altar,  and 
offer  thy  sin-offering,  and  thy  burnt-offering,  and  make  atone- 
ment for  thyself,  and  for  the  people;  and  offer  the  oblation  of 
the  people,  and  make  atonement  for  them;  as  Jehovah  com- 
manded. 

8  So  Aaron  drew  near  unto  the  altar,  and  slew  the  calf  of  the 
sin-offering,  which  was  for  himself.  9  And  the  sons  of  Aaron 
presented  the  blood  unto  him;  and  he  dipped  his  finger  in  the 
blood,  and  put  it  upon  the  horns  of  the  altar,  and  poured  out 
the  blood  at  the  base  of  the  altar :  10  but  the  fat,  and  the  kid- 
neys, and  the  caul  from  the  liver  of  the  sin-offering,  he  burnt 
upon  the  altar;  as  Jehovah  commanded  Moses.  11  And  the 
flesh  and  the  skin  he  burnt  with  fire  without  the  camp. 

12  And  he  slew  the  bumt-offering ;  and  Aaron's  sons  de- 
livered unto  him  the  blood,  and  he  sprinkled  it  upon  the  altar 
round  about.  13  And  they  delivered  the  burnt-offering  unto 
him,  piece  by  piece,  and  the  head:  and  he  burnt  them  upon 
the  altar.  14  And  he  washed  the  inwards  and  the  legs,  and 
burnt  them  upon  the  burnt-offering  on  the  altar. 

15  And  he  presented  the  people's  oblation,  and  took  the 
goat  of  the  sin-offering  which  was  for  the  people,  and  slew  it, 
and  offered  it  for  sin,  as  the  first.  16  And  he  presented  the 
bumt-offering,  and  offered  it  according  to  the  ordinance. 
17  And  he  presented  the  meal-offering,  and  filled  his  hand 
therefrom,  and  burnt  it  upon  the  altar,  besides  the  bumt- 
offering  of  the  morning. 

18  He  slew  also  the  ox  and  the  ram,  the  sacrifice  of  peace- 
offerings,  which  was  for  the  people:  and  Aaron's  sons  deliv- 
ered unto  him  the  blood,  which  he  sprinkled  upon  the  altar 
round  about,  19  and  the  fat  of  the  ox  and  of  the  ram,  the 
fat  tail,  and  that  which  covereth  the  inwards,  and  the  kidneys, 
and  the  caul  of  the  liver:  20  and  they  put  the  fat  upon  the 
breasts,  and  he  burnt  the  fat  upon  the  altar:  21  and  the 
breasts  and  the  right  thigh  Aaron  waved  for  a  wave-offering 
before  Jehovah;  as  Moses  commanded. 

22  And  Aaron  lifted  up  his  hands  toward  the  people,  and 
blessed  them ;  and  he  came  do^\^l  from  offering  the  sin-offering, 
and  the  bumt-offering,  and  the  peace-offerings.  23  And  Moses 
and  Aaron  went  into  the  tent  of  meeting,  and  came  out,  and 
blessed  the  people:  and  the  glory  of  Jehovah  appeared  unto 
all  the  people.    24  And  there  oajne  forth  fire  from  before  Jeho- 


-1015  ]  P38-39  279 

vah,  and  consumed  upon  the  altar  the  bumt-offering  and  the 
fat:  and  when  all  the  people  saw  it,  they  shouted,  and  fell  on 
their  faces. 

39.  The  Sin  of  Nadab  and  Abihu. 

Lv.  101-2^ 

1  And  Nadab  and  Abihu,  the  sons  of  Aaron,  took  each  of 
them  his  censer,  and  put  fire  therein,  and  laid  incense  thereon, 
and  offered  strange  fire  before  Jehovah,  which  he  had  not  com- 
manded them.  2  And  there  came  forth  fire  from  before  Jeho- 
vah, and  devoured  them,  and  they  died  before  Jehovah. 
3  Then  Moses  said  unto  Aaron,  This  is  it  that  Jehovah  spake, 
saying,  I  will  be  sanctified  in  them  that  come  nigh  me,  and 
before  all  the  people  I  will  be  glorified.  And  Aaron  held  his 
peace.  4  And  Moses  called  Mishael  and  Elzaphan,  the  sons 
of  Uzziel,  the  uncle  of  Aaron,  and  said  unto  them.  Draw  near, 
carry  your  brethren  from  before  the  sanctuary  out  of  the  camp. 
5  So  they  drew  near,  and  carried  them  in  their  coats  out  of  the 
camp,  as  Moses  had  said.  6  And  Moses  said  unto  Aaron,  and 
unto  Eleazar  and  unto  Ithamar,  his  sons.  Let  not  the  hair  of 
your  heads  go  loose,  neither  rend  your  clothes;  that  ye  die 
not,  and  that  he  be  not  wroth  with  all  the  congregation:  but 
let  your  brethren,  the  whole  house  of  Israel,  bewail  the  burn- 
ing which  Jehovah  hath  kindled.  7  And  ye  shall  not  go  out 
from  the  door  of  the  tent  of  meeting,  lest  ye  die ;  for  the  anoint- 
ing oil  of  Jehovah  is  upon  you.  And  they  did  according  to  the 
word  of  Moses. 

8  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Aaron,  saying,  9  Drink  no  wine 
nor  strong  drink,  thou,  nor  thy  sons  with  thee,  when  ye  go  into 
the  tent  of  meeting,  that  ye  die  not:  it  shall  be  a  statute  for 
ever  throughout  your  generations:  10  and  that  ye  may  make 
a  distinction  between  the  holy  and  the  common,  and  between 
the  unclean  and  the  clean;  11  and  that  ye  may  teach  the 
children  of  Israel  all  the  statutes  which  Jehovah  hath  spoken 
unto  them  by  Moses. 

12  And  Moses  spake  unto  Aaron,  and  unto  Eleazar  and  unto 
Ithamar,  his  sons  that  were  left.  Take  the  meal-offering  that 
remaineth  of  the  offerings  of  Jehovah  made  by  fire,  and  eat  it 
without  leaven  beside  the  altar;  for  it  is  most  holy;  13  and 
ye  shall  eat  it  in  a  holy  place,  because  it  is  thy  portion,  and  thy 
sons'  portion,  of  the  offerings  of  Jehovah  made  by  fire:  for  so 
I  am  commanded.  14  And  the  wave-breast  and  the  heave- 
thigh  shall  ye  eat  in  a  clean  place,  thou,  and  thy  sons,  and  thy 
daughters  with  thee :  for  they  are  given  as  thy  portion,  and  thy 
sons'  portion,  out  of  the  sacrifices  of  the  peace-offerings  of  the 
children  of  Israel.     15  The  heave-thigh  and  the  wave-breast 


280  SOURCES   OF  THE  HEXATEUCH     [  Lv.  W 

shall  they  bring  with  the  offerings  made  by  fire  of  the  fat,  to 
wave  it  for  a  wave-offering  before  Jehovah:  and  it  shall  be 
thine,  and  thy  sons'  with  thee,  as  a  portion  for  ever;  as  Jeho- 
vah hath  commanded. 

16  And  Moses  diligently  sought  the  goat  of  the  sin-offering, 
and,  behold,  it  was  burnt :  and  he  was  angry  with  Eleazar  and 
with  Ithamar,  the  sons  of  Aaron  that  were  left,  saying, 
17  Wherefore  have  ye  not  eaten  the  sin-offering  in  the  place 
of  the  sanctuary,  seeing  it  is  most  holy,  and  he  hath  given  it 
you  to  bear  the  iniquity  of  the  congregation,  to  make  atone- 
ment for  them  before  Jehovah?  18  Behold,  the  blood  of  it 
was  not  brought  into  the  sanctuary  within:  ye  should  cer- 
tainly have  eaten  it  in  the  sanctuary,  as  I  commanded.  19  And 
Aaron  spake  imto  Moses,  Behold,  this  day  have  they  offered 
their  sin-offering  and  their  burnt-offering  before  Jehovah;  and 
there  have  befallen  me  such  things  as  these :  and  if  I  had  eaten 
the  sin-offering  to-day,  would  it  have  been  well-pleasing  in  the 
sight  of  Jehovah?  20  And  when  Moses  heard  that,  it  was 
well-pleasing  in  his  sight. 

40.  The  Law  of  the  Clean  and  Unclean.     P40H. 
Lv.  11-15 

40i.  Animals. 

Lv.  111-47  (exc.  vv.  43-45,  cf.  P42iv  H) 

1  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses  and  to  Aaron,  saying  unto 
them,  2  Speak  unto  the  children  of  Israel,  saying.  These  are 
the  living  things  which  ye  may  eat  among  all  the  beasts  that 
are  on  the  earth.  3  Whatsoever  parteth  the  hoof,  and  is 
clovenfooted,  and  cheweth  the  cud,  among  the  beasts,  that 
may  ye  eat.  4  Nevertheless  these  shall  ye  not  eat  of  them 
that  chew  the  cud,  or  of  them  that  part  the  hoof:  the  camel, 
because  he  cheweth  the  cud  but  parteth  not  the  hoof,  he  is 
unclean  unto  you.  5  And  the  coney,  because  he  cheweth  the 
cud  but  parteth  not  the  hoof,  he  is  unclean  unto  you.  6  And 
the  hare,  because  she  cheweth  the  cud  but  parteth  not  the 
hoof,  she  is  unclean  unto  you.  7  And  the  swine,  because  he 
parteth  the  hoof,  and  is  cloven-footed,  but  cheweth  not  the 
cud,  he  is  unclean  unto  you.  8  Of  their  flesh  ye  shall  not  eat, 
and  their  carcasses  ye  shall  not  touch;  they  are  unclean  unto 
you. 

9  These  may  ye  eat  of  all  that  are  in  the  waters:  whatso- 
ever hath  fins  and  scales  in  the  waters,  in  the  seas,  and  in  the 
rivers,  that  may  ye  eat.  10  And  all  that  have  not  fins  and 
scales  in  the  seas,  and  in  the  rivers,  of  all  that  move  in  the 
waters,  and  of  all  the  living  creatures  that  are  in  the  waters. 


-IP']  P39-40i  281 

they  are  an  abomination  unto  you,  11  and  they  shall  be  an 
abomination  unto  you;  ye  shall  not  eat  of  their  flesh,  and  their 
carcasses  ye  shall  have  in  abomination.  12  Whatsoever  hath 
no  fins  nor  scales  in  the  waters,  that  is  an  abomination  unto 
you. 

13  And  these  ye  shall  have  in  abomination  among  the  birds ; 
they  shall  not  be  eaten,  they  are  an  abomination:  the  eagle, 
and  the  gier-eagle,  and  ospray,  14  and  the  kite,  and  the  fal- 
con after  its  kind,  15  every  raven  after  its  kind,  IG  and  the 
ostrich,  and  the  night-hawk,  and  the  sea-mew,  and  the  hawk 
after  its  kind,  17  and  the  little  owl,  and  the  cormorant,  and 
the  great  owl,  18  and  the  horned  owl,  and  the  pelican,  and 
the  vulture,  19  and  the  stork,  the  heron  after  its  kind,  and  the 
hoopoe,  and  the  bat. 

20  All  winged  creeping  things  that  go  upon  all  fours  are  an 
abomination  inito  you.  21  Yet  these  may  ye  eat  of  all  winged 
creeping  things  that  go  upon  all  fours,  which  have  legs  above 
their  feet,  wherewith  to  leap  upon  the  earth;  22  even  these 
of  them  ye  may  eat:  the  locust  after  its  kind,  and  the  bald 
locust  after  its  kind,  and  the  cricket  after  its  kind,  and  the 
grasshopper  after  its  kind.  23  But  all  winged  creeping  things, 
which  have  four  feet,  are  an  abomination  unto  you. 

24  And  by  these  ye  shall  become  unclean :  whosoever  touch- 
eth  the  carcass  of  them  shall  be  unclean  until  the  even ;  25  and 
whosoever  beareth  aught  of  the  carcass  of  them  shall  wash  his 
clothes,  and  be  unclean  until  the  even.  26  Every  beast  which 
parteth  the  hoof,  and  is  not  clovenfooted,  nor  cheweth  the  cud, 
is  unclean  unto  you:  every  one  that  toucheth  them  shall  be 
unclean.  27  And  whatsoever  goeth  upon  its  paws,  among  all 
beasts  that  go  on  all  fours,  they  are  unclean  unto  you:  whoso 
toucheth  their  carcass  shall  be  unclean  until  the  evvn.  28  And 
he  that  beareth  the  carcass  of  them  shall  wash  his  clothes,  and 
be  unclean  until  the  even :  they  are  unclean  unto  you. 

29  And  these  are  they  which  are  unclean  unto  you  among 
the  creeping  things  that  creep  upon  the  earth:  the  weasel,  and 
the  mouse,  and  the  great  lizard  after  its  kind,  80  and  the 
gecko,  and  the  land-crocodile,  and  the  lizard,  and  the  sand- 
lizard,  and  the  chameleon.  31  These  are  they  which  arc  un- 
clean to  you  among  all  that  creep :  whosoever  doth  touch  them, 
when  they  are  dead,  shall  be  unclean  until  the  even.  32  And 
upon  whatsoever  any  of  them,  when  they  are  dead,  doth  fall, 
it  shall  be  unclean;  whether  it  be  any  vessel  of  wood,  or  rai- 
ment, or  skin,  or  sack,  whatsoever  vessel  it  be,  wherewith  any 
work  is  done,  it  must  be  put  into  water,  and  it  shall  be  unclean 
until  the  even;  th(ni  sliall  it  be  clean.  33  And  every  earthen 
vessel,  whereinto  any  of  them  falleth,  whatsoever  is  in  it  shall 


282      SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH  [  Lv.  1P3 

be  unclean,  and  it  ye  shall  break.  34  All  food  therein  which 
may  be  eaten,  that  on  which  water  cometh,  shall  be  unclean; 
and  all  drink  that  may  be  drunk  in  every  such  vessel  shall  be 
unclean.  35  And  everything  whereupon  any  part  of  their  car- 
cass falleth  shall  be  unclean;  whether  oven,  or  range  for  pots, 
it  shall  be  broken  in  pieces:  they  are  unclean,  and  shall  be 
unclean  unto  you.  36  Nevertheless  a  fountain  or  a  pit  wherein 
is  a  gathering  of  water  shall  be  clean :  but  that  which  toucheth 
their  carcass  shall  be  unclean.  37  And  if  aught  of  their  carcass 
fall  upon  any  sowing  seed  which  is  to  be  sown,  it  is  clean. 
38  But  if  water  be  put  upon  the  seed,  and  aught  of  their  carcass 
fall  thereon,  it  is  unclean  unto  you. 

39  And  if  any  beast,  of  which  ye  may  eat,  die;  he  that 
toucheth  the  carcass  thereof  shall  be  unclean  until  the  even. 
40  And  he  that  eateth  of  the  carcass  of  it  shall  wash  his  clothes, 
and  be  unclean  until  the  even :  he  also  that  beareth  the  carcass 
of  it  shall  wash  his  clothes,  and  be  unclean  until  the  even. 

41  And  every  creeping  thing  that  creepeth  upon  the  earth 
is  an  abomination;  it  shall  not  be  eaten.  42  Whatsoever 
goeth  upon  the  belly,  and  whatsoever  goeth  upon  all  fours, 
or  whatsoever  hath  many  feet,  even  all  creeping  things  that 
creep  upon  the  earth,  them  ye  shall  not  eat;  for  they  are  an 
abomination. 

46  This  is  the  law  of  the  beast,  and  of  the  bird,  and  of  every 
living  creature  that  moveth  in  the  waters,  and  of  every  crea- 
ture that  creepeth  upon  the  earth;  47  to  make  a  distinction 
between  the  unclean  and  the  clean,  and  between  the  living 
thing  that  may  be  eaten  and  the  living  thing  that  may  not  be 
eaten. 

40ii.  Mothers. 

Lv.  121-8 

1  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  2  Speak  unto  the 
children  of  Israel,  saying,  If  a  woman  conceive  seed,  and  bear 
a  man-child,  then  she  shall  be  unclean  seven  days;  as  in  the 
days  of  the  impurity  of  her  sickness  shall  she  be  unclean. 
3  And  in  the  eighth  day  the  flesh  of  his  foreskin  shall  be  cir- 
cumcised. 4  And  she  shall  continue  in  the  blood  of  her  puri- 
fying three  and  thirty  days ;  she  shall  touch  no  hallowed  thing, 
nor  come  into  the  sanctuary,  until  the  days  of  her  purifying  be 
fulfilled.  5  But  if  she  bear  a  maid-child,  then  she  shall  be  un- 
clean two  weeks,  as  in  her  impurity;  and  she  shall  continue  in 
the  blood  of  her  purifying  threescore  and  six  days. 

6  And  when  the  days  of  her  purifying  are  fulfilled,  for  a  son, 
or  for  a  daughter,  she  shall  bring  a  lamb  a  year  old  for  a  burnt- 
offering,  and  a  young  pigeon,  or  a  turtle-dove,  for  a  sin-offering. 


-1313  J  P40i-iii  283 

unto  the  door  of  the  tent  of  meeting,  unto  the  priest :  7  and  he 
shall  offer  it  before  Jehovah,  and  make  atonement  for  her;  and 
she  shall  be  cleansed  from  the  fountain  of  her  blood.  This  is 
the  law  for  her  that  beareth,  whether  a  male  or  a  female. 
8  And  if  her  means  suffice  not  for  a  lamb,  then  she  shall  take 
two  turtle-doves,  or  two  young  pigeons;  the  one  for  a  burnt- 
offering,  and  the  other  for  a  sin-offering:  and  the  priest  shall 
make  atonement  for  her,  and  she  shall  be  clean. 

40iii.  Leprosy. 

Lv.  131-14-^ 

13 1  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses  and  unto  Aaron,  say- 
ing, 2  When  a  man  shall  have  in  the  skin  of  his  flesh  a 
rising,  or  a  scab,  or  a  bright  spot,  and  it  become  in  the  skin  of 
his  flesh  the  plague  of  leprosy,  then  he  shall  be  brought  unto 
Aaron  the  priest,  or  unto  one  of  his  sons  the  priests:  3  and 
the  priest  shall  look  on  the  plague  m  the  skin  of  the  flesh :  and 
if  the  hair  in  the  plague  be  turned  white,  and  the  appearance 
of  the  plague  be  deeper  than  the  skin  of  his  flesh,  it  is  the 
plague  of  leprosy;  and  the  priest  shall  look  on  him,  and  pro- 
nounce him  unclean.  4  And  if  the  bright  spot  be  white  in  the 
skin  of  his  flesh,  and  the  appearance  thereof  be  not  deeper  than 
the  skin,  and  the  hair  thereof  be  not  turned  white,  then  the 
priest  shall  shut  up  him  that  hath  the  plague  seven  days :  5  and 
the  priest  shall  look  on  him  the  seventh  day:  and,  behold,  if 
in  his  eyes  the  plague  be  at  a  stay,  and  the  plague  be  not 
spread  in  the  skin,  then  the  priest  shall  shut  him  up  seven 
days  more:  6  and  the  priest  shall  look  on  him  again  the 
seventh  day;  and,  behold,  if  the  plague  be  dim,  and  the  plague 
be  not  spread  in  the  skin,  then  the  priest  shall  pronounce  him 
clean:  it  is  a  scab:  and  he  shall  wash  his  clothes,  and  be 
clean.  7  But  if  the  scab  spread  abroad  in  the  skin,  after  that 
he  hath  showed  himself  to  the  priest  for  his  cleansing,  he  shall 
show  himself  to  the  priest  again :  8  and  the  priest  shall  look ; 
and,  behold,  if  the  scab  be  spread  in  the  skin,  then  the  priest 
shall  pronounce  him  unclean :  it  is  leprosy. 

9  When  the  plague  of  leprosy  is  in  a  man,  then  he  shall  be 
brought  unto  the  priest;  10  and  the  priest  shall  look;  and, 
behold,  if  there  be  a  white  rising  in  the  sldn,  and  it  have  turned 
the  hair  white,  and  there  be  quick  raw  flesh  in  the  rising,  11  it 
is  an  old  leprosy  in  th(^  skin  of  his  flesh,  and  the  priest  shall 
pronounce  him  unclean:  he  shall  not  shut  him  \\\)]  for  he  is 
unclean.  12  And  if  the  leprosy  break  out  abroad  in  the  skin, 
and  the  leprosy  cover  all  the  skin  of  him  that  hath  the  plague 
from  his  head  even  to  his  feet,  as  far  as  appeareth  to  the  priest : 
13  then  the  priest  shall  look;  and,  behold,  if  the  leprosy  have 


284  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH     [  Lv.  IS^^ 

covered  all  his  flesh,  he  shall  pronounce  Mm  clean  that  hath  the 
plague:  it  is  all  turned  white:  he  is  clean.  14  But  whenso- 
ever raw  flesh  appeareth  in  him,  he  shall  be  unclean.  15  And 
the  priest  shall  look  on  the  raw  flesh,  and  pronounce  him  un- 
clean :  the  raw  flesh  is  unclean :  it  is  leprosy.  16  Or  if  the  raw 
flesh  turn  again,  and  be  changed  unto  white,  then  he  shall  come 
unto  the  priest;  17  and  the  priest  shall  look  on  him;  and,  be- 
hold, if  the  plague  be -turned  into  white,  then  the  priest  shall 
pronounce  him  clean  that  hath  the  plague :  he  is  clean. 

18  And  when  the  flesh  hath  in  the  skin  thereof  a  boil,  and  it 
is  healed,  19  and  in  the  place  of  the  boil  there  is  a  white  rising, 
or  a  bright  spot,  reddish-white,  then  it  shall  be  showed  to  the 
priest;  20  and  the  priest  shall  look;  and,  behold,  if  the  ap- 
pearance thereof  be  lower  than  the  skin,  and  the  hair  thereof 
be  turned  white,  then  the  priest  shall  pronounce  him  unclean: 
it  is  the  plague  of  leprosy,  it  hath  broken  out  in  the  boil.  21  But 
if  the  priest  look  on  it,  and,  behold,  there  be  no  white  hairs 
therein,  and  it  be  not  lower  than  the  skin,  but  be  dim;  then  the 
priest  shall  shut  him  up  seven  days:  22  and  if  it  spread 
abroad  in  the  skin,  then  the  priest  shall  pronounce  him  un- 
clean: it  is  a  plague.  23  But  if  the  bright  spot  stay  in  its 
place,  and  be  not  spread,  it  is  the  scar  of  the  boil;  and  the 
priest  shall  pronounce  him  clean. 

24  Or  when  the  flesh  hath  in  the  skin  thereof  a  burning  by 
fire,  and  the  quick  flesh  of  the  burning  become  a  bright  spot, 
reddish-white,  or  white ;  25  then  the  priest  shall  look  upon  it ; 
and,  behold,  if  the  hair  in  the  bright  spot  be  turned  white,  and 
the  appearance  thereof  be  deeper  than  the  skin;  it  is  leprosy, 
it  hath  broken  out  in  the  burning:  and  the  priest  shall  pro- 
nounce him  unclean :  it  is  the  plague  of  leprosy.  26  But  if  the 
priest  look  on  it,  and,  behold,  there  be  no  white  hair  in  the 
bright  spot,  and  it  be  no  lower  than  the  skin,  but  be  dim; 
then  the  priest  shall  shut  him  up  seven  days:  27  and  the 
priest  shall  look  upon  him  the  seventh  day :  if  it  spread  abroad 
in  the  skin,  then  the  priest  shall  pronounce  him  unclean:  it  is 
the  plague  of  leprosy.  28  And  if  the  bright  spot  stay  in  its 
place,  and  be  not  spread  in  the  skin,  but  be  dim;  it  is  the  ris- 
ing of  the  burning,  and  the  priest  shall  pronounce  him  clean: 
for  it  is  the  scar  of  the  burning. 

29  And  when  a  man  or  woman  hath  a  plague  upon  the  head 
or  upon  the  beard,  30  then  the  priest  shall  look  on  the  plague; 
and,  behold,  if  the  appearance  thereof  be  deeper  than  the  skin, 
and  there  be  in  it  yellow  thin  hair,  then  the  priest  shall  pro- 
nounce him  unclean:  it  is  a  scall,  it  is  leprosy  of  the  head  or 
of  the  beard.  31  And  if  the  priest  look  on  the  plague  of  the 
scall,  and,  behold,  the  appearance  thereof  be  not  deeper  than 


-IS'^  ]  P40iii  285 

the  skin,  and  there  be  no  black  hair  in  it,  then  the  priest  shall 
shut  up  him  that  hath  the  plague  of  the  scall  seven  days :  32  and 
in  the  seventh  day  the  priest  shall  look  on  the  plague;  and, 
behold,  if  the  scall  be  not  spread,  and  there  be  in  it  no  yellow 
hair,  and  the  appearance  of  the  scall  be  not  deeper  than  the 
skin,  33  then  he  shall  be  shaven,  but  the  scall  shall  he  not 
shave;  and  the  priest  shall  shut  up  hi7n  that  hath  the  scall 
seven  days  more:  34  and  in  the  seventh  day  the  priest  shall 
look  on  the  scall ;  and,  behold,  if  the  scall  be  not  spread  in  the 
skin,  and  the  appearance  thereof  be  not  deeper  than  the  skin; 
then  the  priest  shall  pronounce  him  clean  :  and  he  shall  wash 
his  clothes,  and  be  clean.  35  But  if  the  scall  spread  abroad  in 
the  skin  after  his  cleansing,  36  then  the  priest  shall  look  on 
him;  and,  behold,  if  the  scall  be  spread  in  the  skin,  the  priest 
shall  not  seek  for  the  yellow  hair;  he  is  unclean.  37  But  if  in 
his  eyes  the  scall  be  at  a  stay,  and  black  hair  be  grown  up 
therein;  the  scall  is  healed,  he  is  clean:  and  the  priest  shall 
pronounce  him  clean. 

38  And  when  a  man  or  a  woman  hath  in  the  skin  of  the 
flesh  bright  spots,  even  white  bright  spots;  39  then  the  priest 
shall  look;  and,  behold,  if  the  bright  spots  in  the  skin  of  their 
flesh  be  of  a  dull  white,  it  is  a  tetter,  it  hath  broken  out  in  the 
skin;  he  is  clean. 

40  And  if  a  man's  hair  be  fallen  off  his  head,  he  is  bald ;  yet 
is  he  clean.  41  And  if  his  hair  be  fallen  off  from  the  front  part 
of  his  head,  he  is  forehead  bald;  yet  is  he  clean.  42  But  if 
there  be  in  the  bald  head,  or  the  bald  forehead,  a  reddish- 
white  plague;  it  is  leprosy  breaking  out  in  his  bald  head,  or 
his  bald  forehead.  43  Then  the  priest  shall  look  upon  him; 
and,  behold,  if  the  rising  of  the  plague  be  reddish-white  in  his 
bald  head,  or  in  his  bald  forehead,  as  the  appearance  of  leprosy 
in  the  skin  of  the  flesh ;  44  he  is  a  leprous  man,  he  is  unclean ; 
the  priest  shall  surely  pronounce  him  unclean ;  his  plague  is  in 
his  head. 

45  And  the  leper  in  whom  the  plague  is,  his  clothes  shall  be 
rent,  and  the  hair  of  his  head  shall  go  loose,  and  he  shall  cover 
his  upper  lip,  and  shall  cr}^  Unclean,  unclean.  46  All  the  days 
wherein  the  plague  is  in  him  he  shall  be  unclean;  he  is  unclean: 
he  shall  dwell  alone;  without  the  camp  shall  his  dwelling  be. 

47  The  garment  also  that  the  plague  of  leprosy  is  in,  whether 
it  be  a  woollen  garment,  or  a  linen  garment ;  48  whether  it  be 
in  warp,  or  woof;  of  linen,  or  of  woollen;  whether  in  a  skin, 
or  in  anything  made  of  skin ;  49  if  the  plague  b(^  greenish  or 
reddish  in  the  garment,  or  in  the  skin,  or  in  the  warp,  or  in  the 
woof,  or  in  an.vthing  of  skin ;  it  is  the  plague  of  leprosy,  and 
shall  be  showed  unto  the  priest.    50  And  the  priest  shall  look 


286  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH     [  Lv.  13^° 

upon  the  plague,  and  shut  up  that  which  hath  the  plague  seven 
days :  .51  and  he  shall  look  on  the  plague  on  the  seventh  day : 
if  the  plague  be  spread  in  the  garment,  either  in  the  warp,  or 
in  the  woof,  or  in  the  skin,  whatever  service  skin  is  used  for; 
the  plague  is  a  fretting  leprosy ;  it  is  unclean.  52  And  he  shall 
bum  the  garment,  whether  the  warp  or  the  woof,  in  woollen  or 
in  linen,  or  anything  of  skin,  wherein  the  plague  is:  for  it  is  a 
fretting  leprosy;  it  shall  be  burnt  in  the  fire. 

53  And  if  the  priest  shall  look,  and,  behold,  the  plague  be 
not  spread  in  the  garment,  either  in  the  warp,  or  in  the  woof, 
or  in  anything  of  skin;  54  then  the  priest  shall  command 
that  they  wash  the  thing  wherein  the  plague  is,  and  he  shall 
shut  it  up  seven  days  more :  55  and  the  priest  shall  look,  after 
that  the  plague  is  washed;  and,  behold,  if  the  plague  have  not 
changed  its  color,  and  the  plague  be  not  spread,  it  is  unclean; 
thou  shalt  bum  it  in  the  fire :  it  is  a  fret,  whether  the  bareness 
be  within  or  without. 

56  And  if  the  priest  look,  and,  behold,  the  plague  be  dim 
after  the  washing  thereof,  then  he  shall  rend  it  out  of  the  gar- 
ment, or  out  of  the  skin,  or  out  of  the  warp,  or  out  of  the  woof: 
57  and  if  it  appear  still  in  the  garment,  either  in  the  warp,  or 
in  the  woof,  or  in  anything  of  skin,  it  is  breaking  out:  thou 
shalt  burn  that  wherein  the  plague  is  with  fire.  58  And  the 
garment,  either  the  warp,  or  the  woof,  or  whatsoever  thing  of 
skin  it  be,  which  thou  shalt  wash,  if  the  plague  be  departed 
from  them,  then  it  shall  be  washed  the  second  time,  and  shall 
be  clean. 

59  This  is  the  law  of  the  plague  of  leprosy  in  a  garment  of 
woollen  or  linen,  either  in  the  warp,  or  the  woof,  or  anything 
of  skin,  to  pronounce  it  clean,  or  to  pronounce  it  unclean. 
-t  A  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  2  This  shall 
■*  *"  be  the  law  of  the  leper  in  the  day  of  his  cleansing :  he  shall 
be  brought  unto  the  priest:  3  and  the  priest  shall  go  forth 
out  of  the  camp;  and  the  priest  shall  look;  and,  behold,  if 
the  plague  of  leprosy  be  healed  in  the  leper,  4  then  shall  the 
priest  command  to  take  for  him  that  is  to  be  cleansed  two 
living  clean  birds,  and  cedar-wood,  and  scarlet,  and  hyssop: 
5  and  the  priest  shall  command  to  kill  one  of  the  birds  in  an 
earthen  vessel  over  running  water.  6  As  for  the  living  bird, 
he  shall  take  it,  and  the  cedar-wood,  and  the  scarlet,  and  the 
hyssop,  and  shall  dip  them  and  the  living  bird  in  the  blood  of 
the  bird  that  was  killed  over  the  running  water:  7  and  he 
shall  sprinkle  upon  him  that  is  to  be  cleansed  from  the  leprosy 
seven  times,  and  shall  pronounce  him  clean,  and  shall  let  go 
the  living  bird  into  the  open  field.  8  And  he  that  is  to  be 
cleansed  shall  wash  his  clothes,  and  shave  off  all  his  hair,  and 


-1423  ]  P40iii  287 

bathe  himself  in  water;  and  he  shall  be  clean:  and  after  that 
he  shall  come  into  the  camp,  but  shall  dwell  outside  his  tent 
seven  days.  9  And  it  shall  be  on  the  seventh  day,  that  he 
shall  shave  all  his  hair  off  his  head  and  his  beard  and  his  eye- 
brows, even  all  his  hair  he  shall  shave  off:  and  he  shall  wash 
his  clothes,  and  he  shall  bathe  his  flesh  in  water,  and  he  shall 
be  clean. 

10  And  on  the  eighth  day  he  shall  take  two  he-lambs  with- 
out blemish,  and  one  ewe-lamb  a  year  old  without  blemish, 
and  three  tenth  parts  of  an  ephah  of  fine  flour  for  a  meal- 
offering,  mingled  with  oil,  and  one  log  of  oil.  11  And  the 
priest  that  cleanseth  him  shall  set  the  man  that  is  to  be 
cleansed,  and  those  things,  before  Jehovah,  at  the  door  of  the 
tent  of  meeting.  12  And  the  priest  shall  take  one  of  the  he- 
lambs,  and  offer  him  for  a  trespass-offering,  and  the  log  of  oil, 
and  wave  them  for  a  wave-offering  before  Jehovah:  13  and 
he  shall  kill  the  he-lamb  in  the  place  where  they  kill  the  sin- 
offering  and  the  burnt-offering,  in  the  place  of  the  sanctuary: 
for  as  the  sin-offering  is  the  priest's,  so  is  the  trespass-offering : 
it  is  most  holy.  14  And  the  priest  shall  take  of  the  blood  of 
the  trespass-offering,  and  the  priest  shall  put  it  upon  the  tip 
of  the  right  ear  of  him  that  is  to  be  cleansed,  and  upon  the 
thumb  of  his  right  hand,  and  upon  the  great  toe  of  his  right 
foot.  15  And  the  priest  shall  take  of  the  log  of  oil,  and  pour 
it  into  the  palm  of  his  own  left  hand ;  16  and  the  priest  shall 
dip  his  right  finger  in  the  oil  that  is  in  his  left  hand,  and  shall 
sprinkle  of  the  oil  with  his  finger  seven  times  before  Jehovah. 
17  And  of  the  rest  of  the  oil  that  is  in  his  hand  shall  the  priest 
put  upon  the  tip  of  the  right  ear  of  him  that  is  to  be  cleansed, 
and  upon  the  thumb  of  his  right  hand,  and  upon  the  great  toe 
of  his  right  foot,  upon  the  blood  of  the  trespass-offering :  18  and 
the  rest  of  the  oil  that  is  in  the  priest's  hand  he  shall  put  upon 
the  head  of  him  that  is  to  be  cleansed:  and  the  priest  shall 
make  atonement  for  him  before  Jehovah.  19  And  the  priest 
shall  offer  the  sin-offering,  and  make  atonement  for  him  that 
is  to  be  cleansed  because  of  his  uncleanness:  and  afterward 
he  shall  kill  the  burnt-offering;  20  and  the  priest  shall  offer 
the  burnt-offering  and  the  meal-offering  upon  the  altar:  and 
the  priest  shall  make  atonement  for  him,  and  he  shall  be  clean. 

21  And  if  he  be  poor,  and  cannot  get  so  much,  then  he  shall 
take  one  he-lamb  for  a  trespass-offering  to  be  waved,  to  make 
atonement  for  him,  and  one  tenth  part  of  an  ephah  of  fine  flour 
mingled  with  oil  for  a  meal-offering,  and  a  log  of  oil;  22  and 
two  turtle-doves,  or  two  young  pigeons,  such  as  he  is  able  to 
get ;  and  the  one  shall  be  a  sin-offering,  and  the  other  a  burnt- 
offering.     23  And  on  the  eighth  day  he  shall  bring  them  for 


288  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH     [  Lv.  14" 

his  cleansing  unto  the  priest,  unto  the  door  of  the  tent  of 
meeting,  before  Jehovah:  24  and  the  priest  shall  take  the 
lamb  of  the  trespass-offering,  and  the  log  of  oil,  and  the  priest 
shall  wave  them  for  a  wave-offering  before  Jehovah.  25  And 
he  shall  kill  the  lamb  of  the  trespass-offering;  and  the  priest 
shall  take  of  the  blood  of  the  trespass-offering,  and  put  it  upon 
the  tip  of  the  right  ear  of  him  that  is  to  be  cleansed,  and  upon 
the  thumb  of  his  right  hand,  and  upon  the  great  toe  of  his 
right  foot.  26  And  the  priest  shall  pour  of  the  oil  into  the 
palm  of  his  own  left  hand;  27  and  the  priest  shall  sprinkle 
with  his  right  finger  some  of  the  oil  that  is  in  his  left  hand 
seven  times  before  Jehovah :  28  and  the  priest  shall  put  of  the 
oil  that  is  in  his  hand  upon  the  tip  of  the  right  ear  of  him  that 
is  to  be  cleansed,  and  upon  the  thumb  of  his  right  hand,  and 
upon  the  great  toe  of  his  right  foot,  upon  the  place  of  the  blood 
of  the  trespass-offering:  29  and  the  rest  of  the  oil  that  is  in 
the  priest's  hand  he  shall  put  upon  the  head  of  him  that  is  to 
be  cleansed,  to  make  atonement  for  him  before  Jehovah. 
30  And  he  shall  offer  one  of  the  turtle-doves,  or  of  the  young 
pigeons,  such  as  he  is  able  to  get,  31  even  such  as  he  is  able 
to  get,  the  one  for  a  sin-offering,  and  the  other  for  a  burnt- 
offering,  with  the  meal-offering:  and  the  priest  shall  make 
atonement  for  him  that  is  to  be  cleansed  before  Jehovah. 
32  This  is  the  law  of  him  in  whom  is  the  plague  of  leprosy, 
who  is  not  able  to  get  that  which  pertaineth  to  his  cleansing. 

33  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses  and  unto  Aaron,  saying, 
34  When  ye  are  come  into  the  land  of  Canaan,  which  I  give 
to  you  for  a  possession,  and  I  put  the  plague  of  leprosy  in  a 
house  of  the  land  of  your  possession;  35  then  he  that  o^vneth 
the  house  shall  come  and  tell  the  priest,  saying,  There  seemeth 
to  me  to  be  as  it  were  a  plague  in  the  house.  36  And  the  priest 
shall  command  that  they  empty  the  house,  before  the  priest 
goeth  in  to  see  the  plague,  that  all  that  is  in  the  house  be  not 
made  unclean:  and  afterward  the  priest  shall  go  in  to  see  the 
house:  37  and  he  shall  look  on  the  plague;  and,  behold,  if 
the  plague  be  in  the  walls  of  the  house  with  hollow  streaks, 
greenish  or  reddish,  and  the  appearance  thereof  be  lower  than 
the  wall;  38  then  the  priest  shall  go  out  of  the  house  to  the 
door  of  the  house,  and  shut  up  the  house  seven  days.  39  And 
the  priest  shall  come  again  the  seventh  day,  and  shall  look; 
and,  behold,  if  the  plague  be  spread  in  the  walls  of  the  house; 
40  then  the  priest  shall  command  that  they  take  out  the  stones 
in  which  the  plague  is,  and  cast  them  into  an  unclean  place 
without  the  city :  41  and  he  shall  cause  the  house  to  be  scraped 
within  round  about,  and  they  shall  pour  out  the  mortar,  that 
they  scrape  off,  without  the  city  into  an  unclean  place :  42  and 


-15^  ]  P40iii-iv  289 

they  shall  take  other  stones,  and  put  them  in  the  place  of  those 
stones;  and  he  shall  take  other  mortar,  and  shall  plaster  the 
house. 

43  And  if  the  plague  come  again,  and  break  out  in  the 
house,  after  that  he  hath  taken  out  the  stones,  and  after  he 
hath  scraped  the  house,  and  after  it  is  plastered;  44  then  the 
priest  shall  come  in  and  look;  and,  behold,  if  the  plague  be 
spread  in  the  house,  it  is  a  fretting  leprosy  in  the  house:  it  is 
unclean.  45  And  he  shall  break  down  the  house,  the  stones 
of  it,  and  the  timber  thereof,  and  all  the  mortar  of  the  house; 
and  he  shall  carry  them  forth  out  of  the  city  into  an  unclean 
place.  46  Moreover  he  that  goeth  into  the  house  all  the  while 
that  it  is  shut  up  shall  be  unclean  until  the  even.  47  And  he 
that  lieth  in  the  house  shall  wash  his  clothes;  and  he  that 
eateth  in  the  house  shall  wash  his  clothes. 

48  And  if  the  priest  shall  come  in,  and  look,  and,  behold,  the 
plague  hath  not  spread  in  the  house,  after  the  house  was  plas- 
tered; then  the  priest  shall  pronounce  the  house  clean,  be- 
cause the  plague  is  healed.  49  And  he  shall  take  to  cleanse 
the  house  two  birds,  and  cedar-wood,  and  scarlet,  and  hyssop: 
50  and  he  shall  kill  one  of  the  birds  in  an  earthen  vessel  over 
running  water:  51  and  he  shall  take  the  cedar-wood,  and  the 
hyssop,  and  the  scarlet,  and  the  living  bird,  and  dip  them  in 
the  blood  of  the  slain  bird,  and  in  the  running  w^ater,  and 
sprinkle  the  house  seven  times:  52  and  he  shall  cleanse  the 
house  with  the  blood  of  the  bird,  and  with  the  running  water, 
and  with  the  living  bird,  and  with  the  cedar- wood,  and  with 
the  hyssop,  and  with  the  scarlet:  53  but  he  shall  let  go  the 
hving  bird  out  of  the  city  into  the  open  field :  so  shall  he  make 
atonement  for  the  house;  and  it  shall  be  clean. 

54  This  is  the  law  for  all  manner  of  plague  of  leprosy,  and 
for  a  scall,  55  and  for  the  leprosy  of  a  garment,  and  for  a 
house,  56  and  for  a  rising,  and  for  a  scab,  and  for  a  bright 
spot;  57  to  teach  when  it  is  unclean,  and  when  it  is  clean: 
this  is  the  law  of  leprosy. 

40iv.  Sexual  Uncleanness.    P42iiH. 

Lv.  151-33 

1  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses  and  to  Aaron,  saying, 
2  Speak  unto  the  children  of  Israel  and  say  unto  them.  When 
any  man  hath  an  issue  out  of  his  flesh,  because  of  his  issue  he 
is  unclean.  3  And  this  shall  be  his  uncleanness  in  his  issue: 
whether  his  flesh  run  with  his  issue,  or  his  flesh  be  stopped 
from  his  issue,  it  is  his  uncleanness.  4  Every  bed  whereon  he 
that  hath  the  issue  lieth  shall  be  unclean;  and  everything 
whereon  he  sitteth  shall  be  unclean.    5  And  whosoever  touch- 


290  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH      [  Lv.  15^ 

eth  his  bed  shall  wash  his  clothes,  and  bathe  himself  in  water, 
and  be  unclean  until  the  even.  6  And  he  that  sitteth  on  any- 
thing whereon  he  that  hath  the  issue  sat  shall  wash  his  clothes, 
and  bathe  himself  in  water,  and  be  unclean  until  the  even. 
7  And  he  that  toucheth  the  flesh  of  him  that  hath  the  issue 
shall  wash  his  clothes,  and  bathe  himself  in  water,  and  be  un- 
clean until  the  even.  8  And  if  he  that  hath  an  issue  spit  upon 
him  that  is  clean,  then  he  shall  wash  his  clothes,  and  bathe 
himself  in  water,  and  be  unclean  until  the  even.  9  And  what 
saddle  soever  he  that  hath  the  issue  rideth  upon  shall  be  un- 
clean. 10  And  whosoever  toucheth  anything  that  was  under 
him  shall  be  unclean  until  the  even :  and  he  that  beareth  those 
things  shall  wash  his  clothes,  and  bathe  himself  in  water,  and 
be  unclean  until  the  even.  11  And  whomsoever  he  that  hath 
the  issue  toucheth,  without  having  rinsed  his  hands  in  water, 
he  shall  wash  his  clothes,  and  bathe  himself  in  water,  and  be 
unclean  until  the  even.  12  And  the  earthen  vessel,  which  he 
that  hath  the  issue  toucheth,  shall  be  broken ;  and  every  vessel 
of  wood  shall  be  rinsed  in  water. 

13  And  when  he  that  hath  an  issue  is  cleansed  of  his  issue, 
then  he  shall  number  to  himself  seven  days  for  his  cleansing, 
and  wash  his  clothes;  and  he  shall  bathe  his  flesh  in  rimning 
water,  and  shall  be  clean.  14  And  on  the  eighth  day  he  shall 
take  to  him  two  turtle-doves,  or  two  young  pigeons,  and  come 
before  Jehovah  unto  the  door  of  the  tent  of  meeting,  and  give 
them  unto  the  priest:  15  and  the  priest  shall  offer  them,  the 
one  for  a  sin-offering,  and  the  other  for  a  burnt-offering;  and 
the  priest  shall  make  atonement  for  him  before  Jehovah  for 
his  issue. 

16  And  if  any  man's  seed  of  copulation  go  out  from  him, 
then  he  shall  bathe  all  his  flesh  in  water,  and  be  unclean  until 
the  even.  17  And  every  garment,  and  every  skin,  whereon  is 
the  seed  of  copulation,  shall  be  washed  with  water,  and  be 
unclean  until  the  even.  18  The  woman  also  with  whom  a  man 
shall  lie  with  seed  of  copulation,  they  shall  both  bathe  them- 
selves in  water,  and  be  unclean  until  the  even. 

19  And  if  a  woman  have  an  issue,  and  her  issue  in  her  flesh 
be  blood,  she  shall  be  in  her  impurity  seven  days:  and  whoso- 
ever toucheth  her  shall  be  unclean  until  the  even.  20  And 
everything  that  she  lieth  upon  in  her  impurity  shall  be  un- 
clean: everyihing  also  that  she  sitteth  upon  shall  be  unclean. 
21  And  whosoever  toucheth  her  bed  shall  wash  his  clothes,  and 
bathe  himself  in  water,  and  be  unclean  until  the  even.  22  And 
whosoever  toucheth  anything  that  she  sitteth  upon  shall  wash 
his  clothes,  and  bathe  himself  in  water,  and  be  unclean  until 
the  even.    23  And  if  it  be  on  the  bed,  or  on  anything  whereon 


-16^  ]  P40iv-41  291 

she  sitteth,  when  he  toucheth  it,  he  shall  be  unclean  until  the 
even.  24  And  if  any  man  lie  with  her,  and  her  impurity  be 
upon  him,  he  shall  be  unclean  seven  days;  and  every  bed 
whereon  he  lieth  shall  be  unclean. 

25  And  if  a  woman  have  an  issue  of  her  blood  many  days 
not  in  the  time  of  her  impurity,  or  if  she  have  an  issue  beyond 
the  time  of  her  impurity;  all  the  days  of  the  issue  of  her  un- 
cleanness  she  shall  be  as  in  the  days  of  her  impurity:  she  is 
unclean.  26  Every  bed  whereon  she  lieth  all  the  days  of  her 
issue  shall  be  unto  her  as  the  bed  of  her  impurity:  and  every- 
thing whereon  she  sitteth  shall  be  unclean,  as  the  uncleanness 
of  her  impurity.  27  And  whosoever  toucheth  those  things 
shall  be  unclean,  and  shall  wash  his  clothes,  and  bathe  himself 
in  water,  and  be  unclean  until  the  even.  28  But  if  she  be 
cleansed  of  her  issue,  then  she  shall  number  to  herself  seven 
days,  and  after  that  she  shall  be  clean.  29  And  on  the  eighth 
day  she  shall  take  unto  her  two  turtle-doves,  or  two  young 
pigeons,  and  bring  them  unto  the  priest,  to  the  door  of  the  tent 
of  meeting.  30  And  the  priest  shall  offer  the  one  for  a  sin- 
offering,  and  the  other  for  a  burnt-offering ;  and  the  priest  shall 
make  atonement  for  her  before  Jehovah  for  the  issue  of  her 
uncleamiess. 

31  Thus  shall  ye  separate  the  children  of  Israel  from  their 
uncleanness,  that  they  die  not  in  their  uncleanness,  when  they 
defile  my  tabernacle  that  is  in  the  midst  of  them. 

32  This  is  the  law  of  him  that  hath  an  issue,  and  of  him 
whose  seed  of  copulation  goeth  from  him,  so  that  he  is  unclean 
thereby;  33  and  of  her  that  is  sick  with  her  impurity,  and  of 
him  that  hath  an  issue,  of  the  man,  and  of  the  woman,  and  of 
him  that  lieth  with  her  that  is  unclean. 

41.  The  Day  of  Atonement. 

Lv.  16'--'* 

1  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  after  the  death  of  the 
two  sons  of  Aaron,  when  they  drew  near  before  Jehovah,  and 
died;  2  and  Jehovah  said  unto  Moses,  Speak  unto  Aaron  thy 
brother,  that  he  come  not  at  all  times  into  the  holy  place 
within  the  veil,  before  the  mercj^-seat  which  is  upon  the  ark; 
that  he  die  not :  for  I  will  appear  in  the  cloud  ui)on  the  mercy- 
seat.  3  H(>re\nth  shall  Aaron  come  into  the  holy  place:  with 
a  young  bullock  for  a  sin-offering,  and  a  ram  for  a  burnt- 
ofTering.  4  He  shall  put  on  the  holy  linen  coat,  and  he  shall 
have  the  linen  breeches  upon  his  flesh,  and  shall  be  girded  with 
the  linen  girdle,  and  with  the  linen  mitre  shall  he  be  attired : 
they  are  the  holy  garments;  and  he  shall  bathe  his  flesh  in 
water,  and  put  them  on.    5  And  he  shall  take  of  the  congre- 


292  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH      [  Lv.  16^ 

gation  of  the  children  of  Israel  two  he-goats  for  a  sin-offering, 
and  one  ram  for  a  burnt-offering. 

6  And  Aaron  shall  present  the  bullock  of  the  sin-offering, 
which  is  for  himself,  and  make  atonement  for  himself,  and  for 
his  house.  7  And  he  shall  take  the  two  goats,  and  set  them 
before  Jehovah  at  the  door  of  the  tent  of  meeting.  8  And 
Aaron  shall  cast  lots  upon  the  two  goats;  one  lot  for  Jehovah, 
and  the  other  lot  for  Azazel.  9  And  Aaron  shall  present  the 
goat  upon  which  the  lot  fell  for  Jehovah,  and  offer  him  for  a 
sin-offering.  10  But  the  goat,  on  which  the  lot  fell  for  Azazel, 
shall  be  set  alive  before  Jehovah,  to  make  atonement  for  him, 
to  send  him  away  for  Azazel  into  the  wilderness. 

11  And  Aaron  shall  present  the  bullock  of  the  sin-offering, 
which  is  for  himself,  and  shall  make  atonement  for  himself, 
and  for  his  house,  and  shall  kill  the  bullock  of  the  sin-offering 
which  is  for  himself.  12  And  he  shall  take  a  censer  full  of  coals 
of  fire  from  off  the  altar  before  Jehovah,  and  his  hands  full  of 
sweet  incense  beaten  small,  and  bring  it  within  the  veil :  13  and 
he  shall  put  the  incense  upon  the  fire  before  Jehovah,  that  the 
cloud  of  the  incense  may  cover  the  mercy-seat  that  is  upon 
the  testimony,  that  he  die  not:  14  and  he  shall  take  of  the 
blood  of  the  bullock,  and  sprinkle  it  with  his  finger  upon  the 
mercy-seat  on  the  east;  and  before  the  mercy-seat  shall  he 
sprinkle  of  the  blood  with  his  finger  seven  times. 

15  Then  shall  he  kill  the  goat  of  the  sin-offering,  that  is  for 
the  people,  and  bring  his  blood  within  the  veil,  and  do  with  his 
blood  as  he  did  with  the  blood  of  the  bullock,  and  sprinkle  it 
upon  the  mercy-seat,  and  before  the  mercy-seat:  16  and  he 
shall  make  atonement  for  the  holy  place,  because  of  the  un- 
cleannesses  of  the  children  of  Israel,  and  because  of  their  trans- 
gressions, even  all  their  sins :  and  so  shall  he  do  for  the  tent  of 
meeting,  that  dwelleth  with  them  in  the  midst  of  their  un- 
cleannesses.  17  And  there  shall  be  no  man  in  the  tent  of  meet- 
ing when  he  goeth  in  to  make  atonement  in  the  holy  place, 
until  he  come  out,  and  have  made  atonement  for  himself,  and 
for  his  household,  and  for  all  the  assembly  of  Israel.  18  And 
he  shall  go  out  unto  the  altar  that  is  before  Jehovah,  and  make 
atonement  for  it,  and  shall  take  of  the  blood  of  the  bullock, 
and  of  the  blood  of  the  goat,  and  put  it  upon  the  horns  of  the 
altar  round  about.  19  And  he  shall  sprinkle  of  the  blood  upon 
it  with  his  finger  seven  times,  and  cleanse  it,  and  hallow  it 
from  the  uncleannesses  of  the  children  of  Israel. 

20  And  when  he  hath  made  an  end  of  atoning  for  the  holy 
place,  and  the  tent  of  meeting,  and  the  altar,  he  shall  present 
the  live  goat :  21  and  Aaron  shall  lay  both  his  hands  upon  the 
head  of  the  live  goat,  and  confess  over  him  all  the  iniquities  of 


I 


-16^^  ]  P41-42  293 

the  children  of  Israel,  and  all  their  transgressions,  even  all  their 
sins;  and  he  shall  put  them  upon  the  head  of  the  goat,  and 
shall  send  him  away  by  the  hand  of  a  man  that  is  in  readiness 
into  the  wilderness:  22  and  the  goat  shall  bear  upon  him  all 
their  iniquities  unto  a  solitary  land:  and  he  shall  let  go  the 
goat  in  the  wilderness. 

23  And  Aaron  shall  come  into  the  tent  of  meeting,  and  shall 
put  off  the  linen  garments,  which  he  put  on  when  he  went  into 
the  holy  place,  and  shall  leave  them  there:  24  and  he  shall 
bathe  his  flesh  in  water  in  a  holy  place,  and  put  on  his  gar- 
ments, and  come  forth,  and  offer  his  burnt-off(Ting  and  the 
burnt-offering  of  the  joeople,  and  make  atonement  for  himself 
and  for  the  people.  25  And  the  fat  of  the  sin-offering  shall  he 
burn  upon  the  altar.  26  And  he  that  letteth  go  the  goat  for 
Azazel  shall  wash  his  clothes,  and  bathe  his  flesh  in  water,  and 
afterward  he  shall  come  into  the  camp.  27  And  the  bullock 
of  the  sin-offering,  and  the  goat  of  the  sin-offering,  whose 
blood  was  brought  in  to  make  atonement  in  the  holy  place, 
shall  be  carried  forth  without  the  camp ;  and  they  shall  burn  in 
the  fire  their  skins,  and  their  flesh,  and  their  dung.  28  And 
he  that  burneth  them  shall  wash  his  clothes,  and  bathe  his 
flesh  in  water,  and  afterward  he  shall  come  into  the  camp. 

29  And  it  shall  be  a  statute  for  ever  unto  you :  in  the  seventh 
month,  on  the  tenth  day  of  the  month,  ye  shall  afflict  your 
souls,  and  shall  do  no  manner  of  work,  the  home-born,  or  the 
stranger  that  sojourneth  among  you:  30  for  on  this  day  shall 
atonement  be  made  for  you,  to  cleanse  you ;  from  all  your  sins 
shall  ye  be  clean  before  Jehovah.  31  It  is  a  sabbath  of  solemn 
rest  unto  you,  and  ye  shall  afflict  your  souls;  it  is  a  statute 
for  ever.  32  And  the  priest,  who  shall  be  anointed  and  who 
shall  be  consecrated  to  be  priest  in  his  father's  stead,  shall 
make  the  atonement,  and  shall  put  on  the  linen  garments, 
even  the  holy  garments:  33  and  he  shall  make  atonement  for 
the  holy  sanctuary;  and  he  shall  make  atonement  for  the  tent 
of  meeting  and  for  the  altar ;  and  he  shall  make  atonement  for 
the  priests  and  for  all  the  people  of  the  assembly.  34  And 
this  shall  be  an  everlasting  statute  unto  you,  to  make  atone- 
ment for  the  children  of  Israel  l)ecause  of  all  their  sins  once  in 
the  year.    And  lie  did  as  Jehovah  commanded  Moses. 

42.  H  The  Code  of  Holiness. 

Lv.  17-26 

Introductory  Note.— H  (the  code  or  law  of  Holiness— a 
name  suggested  by  Klostermann)  is  universally  recognized  as  a 
separate  body  of  laws,  incorporated  in  P  l)y  an  Rp  (who  re- 
vised H  extensively)  and  representing  an  earlier  practice  than 


294      SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH   [  Lv.  17 ^ 

the  main  legislation  of  P.  It  has  marked  affinities  with  Ez. 
40-48  (cf.  Dr.  LOT.  145-149),  and  some  have  held  that  Ez. 
was  the  author  of  H;  but  this  view  is  now  rejected  by  all. 
H  is  generally  regarded  as  later  than  the  publication  of  Dt., 
621  (except  by  Di.,  Se.). 

There  is  difference  of  opinion  as  to  the  chronological  relation 
between  H  and  Ez.  In  any  event,  H  contains  some,  probably 
much,  old,  pre-exilic  material.  Hence  it  is  dated  before  Ez. 
by  Dr.,  GFM.,  Kent,  Eiselen,  et  al.  But  ch.  26  shows  so 
plainly  the  influence  of  Ez.  that  the  majority  are  inclined  to 
date  it  570-550:  so  We.,  Ku.,  Ka.,  Co.,  Stark,  Benzinger, 
Smend,  Stade,  St.,  Ba.  (the  last  two  emphasizing  particularly 
the  presence  of  pre-exilic  material  in  H). 

In  various  articles,  Paton  has  shown  that  the  original  form 
of  H,  as  of  CC,  probably  consisted  of  pentads  and  decads, 
each  decad  ending  wth  the  formula,  "I  am  Jehovah"  (cf.  artt. 
in  JBL.,  vols.  16,  17,  18,  and  in  Hehraica  April-July  1894). 

The  main  body  of  the  following  text  is  H:  the  passages  in 
smaller  type  are  generally  assigned  to  P  or  Rp. 

42i.  H  Laws  Concerning  Slaughter  and  Sacrifice. 
Lv.  171-16 

1  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  2  Speak  unto  Aaron,  and 
unto  his  sons,  and  unto  all  the  children  of  Israel,  and  say  unto  them:  This 
is  the  thing  which  Jehovah  hath  commanded,  saying,  3  What  man 
soever  there  be  of  the  house  of  Israel,  that  killeth  an  ox,  or 
lamb,  or  goat,  in  the  camp,  or  that  killeth  it  without  the  camp,  4 
and  hath  not  brought  it  unto  the  door  of  the  tent  of  meeting, 
to  offer  it  as  an  oblation  unto  Jehovah  before  the  tabernacle  of 
Jehovah :  blood  shall  be  imputed  unto  that  man ;  he  hath  shed 
blood;  and  that  man  shall  be  cut  off  from  among  his  people: 
5  to  the  end  that  the  children  of  Israel  may  bring  their  sacri- 
fices, which  they  sacrifice  in  the  open  field,  even  that  they  may 
bring  them  unto  Jehovah,  unto  the  door  of  the  tent  of  meeting,  unto 
the  priest,  and  sacrifice  them  for  sacrifices  of  peace-offerings  unto 
Jehovah.  6  And  the  priest  shall  sprinkle  the  blood  upon 
the  altar  of  Jehovah  at  the  door  of  the  tent  of  meeting,  and 
burn  the  fat  for  a  sweet  savor  unto  Jehovah.  7  And  they 
shall  no  more  sacrifice  their  sacrifices  unto  the  he-goats,  after 
which  they  play  the  harlot.  This  shall  be  a  statute  for  ever  unto 
them  throughout  their  generations. 

8  And  thou  shalt  say  unto  them.  Whatsoever  man  there  be 
of  the  house  of  Israel,  or  of  the  strangers  that  sojourn  among 
them,  that  offereth  a  burnt-offering  or  sacrifice,    9  and  bring- 

*-'  w.  15-16:  P.  The  redaction  is  Rp.  So  Paton,  Dr.,  Co.,  Ba.,  St.,  et  al.,  in  the  main, 
w.  3,  8,  10,  13,  15  cf.  Ez.  14<-'-8  441112. 


-189  ]  P42i-iiH  295 

eth  it  not  unto  the  door  of  the  tent  of  meeting,  to  sacrifice  it 
unto  Jehovah ;  that  man  shall  be  cut  off  from  his  people. 

10  And  whatsoever  man  there  be  of  the  house  of  Israel,  or  of 
the  strangers  that  sojourn  among  them,  that  eateth  any  man- 
ner of  blood,  I  will  set  my  face  against  that  soul  that  eateth 
blood,  and  will  cut  him  off  from  among  his  people.  11  For 
the  life  of  the  flesh  is  in  the  blood ;  and  t  have  given  it  to  you 
upon  the  altar  to  make  atonement  for  your  souls :  for  it  is  the 
blood  that  maketh  atonement  by  reason  of  the  life.  12  There- 
fore I  said  unto  the  children  of  Israel,  No  soul  of  you  shall  eat 
blood,  neith(>r  shall  any  stranger  that  sojourneth  among  you 
eat  blood.  13  And  whatsoever  man  there  be  of  the  children  of 
Israel,  or  of  the  strangers  that  sojourn  among  them,  who  tak- 
eth  in  hunting  any  beast  or  bird  that  may  be  eaten;  he  shall 
pour  out  the  blood  thereof,  and  cover  it  with  dust. 

14  For  as  to  the  life  of  all  flesh,  the  blood  thereof  is  all  one 
with  the  life  thereof:  therefore  I  said  unto  the  children  of 
Israel,  Ye  shall  eat  the  blood  of  no  manner  of  flesh;  for  the 
life  of  all  flesh  is  the  blood  thereof:  whosoever  eateth  it  shall 
be  cut  off.  15  And  every  soul  that  eateth  that  which  dieth  of  itself,  or 
that  which  is  torn  of  beasts,  whether  he  be  home-born  or  a  sojourner,  he 
shall  wash  his  clothes,  and  bathe  himself  in  water,  and  be  unclean  until 
the  even:  then  shall  he  be  clean.  16  But  if  he  wash  them  not,  nor 
bathe  his  flesh,  then  he  shall  bear  his  iniquity. 

42ii.  H  Laws  Concerning  Sexual  Impurities.     P40iv. 

Lv.  18i-3« 

1  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  2  Speak  unto  the  children 
of  Israel,  and  say  unto  them,  I  am  Jehovah  your  God.  3  After 
the  doings  of  the  land  of  Egypt,  wherein  ye  dwelt,  shall  ye  not 
do :  and  after  the  doings  of  the  land  of  Canaan,  whither  I  bring 
you,  shall  ye  not  do ;  neither  shall  ye  walk  in  their  statutes.  4 
Mine  ordinances  shall  ye  do,  and  my  statutes  shall  ye  keep,  to 
walk  therein:  I  am  Jehovah  your  God.  5  Ye  shall  therefore 
keep  my  statutes,  and  mine  ordinances;  which  if  a  man  do, 
he  shall  live  in  them :  I  am  Jehovah. 

6  None  of  you  shall  approach  to  any  that  are  near  of  kin  to 
him,  to  uncover  their  nakedness:  I  am  Jehovah.  7  The  naked- 
ness of  thy  father,  even  the  nakedness  of  thy  mother,  shalt 
thou  not  uncover:  she  is  thy  mother;  thou  shalt  not  uncover 
her  nakedness.  8  The  nakedness  of  thy  father's  wife  shalt 
thou  not  uncover;  it  is  thy  father's  nakedness.  9  Tlu^  naked- 
ness of  thy  sister,  the  daughter  of  thy  father,  or  the  daughter 
of  thy  mother,  whether  bom  at  home,  or  born  abroad,  even 

"''  Dr.  notes  that  the  laws  arc  in  the  second  person  sinsular,  while  the  parcnctic  frame- 
work vv.  1-5,  24-30  is  plural.— Cf.  Ez.  186-'"i5  22i"i'  (Kent). 


296  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH      [  Lv.  18^ 

their  nakedness  thou  shalt  not  uncover.  10  The  nakedness  of 
thy  son's  daughter,  or  of  thy  daughter's  daughter,  even  their 
nakedness  thou  shalt  not  uncover:  for  theirs  is  thine  own 
nakedness.  11  The  nakedness  of  thy  father's  wife's  daughter, 
begotten  of  thy  father,  she  is  thy  sister,  thou  shalt  not  uncover 
her  nakedness.  12  Thou  shalt  not  uncover  the  nakedness  of 
thy  father's  sister :  she  is  thy  father's  near  kinswoman.  13  Thou 
shalt  not  uncover  the  nakedness  of  thy  mother's  sister :  for  she 
is  thy  mother's  near  kinswoman.  14  Thou  shalt  not  uncover 
the  nakedness  of  thy  father's  brother,  thou  shalt  not  approach 
to  his  wife :  she  is  thine  aunt.  15  Thou  shalt  not  uncover  the 
nakedness  of  thy  daughter-in-law:  she  is  thy  son's  wife;  thou 
shalt  not  uncover  her  nakedness.  16  Thou  shalt  not  uncover 
the  nakedness  of  thy  brother's  wife :  it  is  thy  brother's  naked- 
ness. 17  Thou  shalt  not  uncover  the  nakedness  of  a  woman 
and  her  daughter;  thou  shalt  not  take  her  son's  daughter,  or 
her  daughter's  daughter,  to  uncover  her  nakedness;  they  are 
near  kinswomen:  it  is  wickedness.  18  And  thou  shalt  not 
take  a  wife  to  her  sister,  to  be  a  rival  to  her,  to  uncover  her 
nakedness,  besides  the  other  in  her  life-time. 

19  And  thou  shalt  not  approach  unto  a  woman  to  uncover 
her  nakedness,  as  long  as  she  is  impure  by  her  uncleanness. 
20  And  thou  shalt  not  lie  carnally  with  thy  neighbor's  wife, 
to  defile  thyself  with  her.  21  And  thou  shalt  not  give  any  of 
thy  seed  to  make  them  pass  through  the  fire  to  Molech ;  neither 
shalt  thou  profane  the  name  of  thy  God:  I  am  Jehovah. 
22  Thou  shalt  not  lie  with  mankind,  as  with  womankind:  it 
is  abomination,  23  And  thou  shalt  not  lie  with  any  beast  to 
defile  thyself  therewith;  neither  shall  any  woman  stand  before 
a  beast,  to  lie  down  thereto :  it  is  confusion. 

24  Defile  not  ye  yourselves  in  any  of  these  things :  for  in  all 
these  the  nations  are  defiled  which  I  cast  out  from  before  you ; 

25  and  the  land  is  defiled:  therefore  I  do  visit  the  iniquity 
thereof  upon  it,  and  the  land  vomiteth  out  her  inhabitants. 

26  Ye  therefore  shall  keep  my  statutes  and  mine  ordinances, 
and  shall  not  do  any  of  these  abominations ;  neither  the  home- 
born,  nor  the  stranger  that  sojourneth  among  you  27  (for  all 
these  abominations  have  the  men  of  the  land  done,  that  were 
before  you,  and  the  land  is  defiled) ;  28  that  the  land  vomit 
not  you  out  also,  when  ye  defile  it,  as  it  vomited  out  the  nation 
that  was  before  you.  29  For  whosoever  shall  do  any  of  these 
abominations,  even  the  souls  that  do  them  shall  be  cut  off 
from  among  their  people.  30  Therefore  shall  ye  keep  my 
charge,  that  ye  practise  not  any  of  these  abominable  customs, 
which  were  practised  before  you,  and  that  ye  defile  not  your- 
selves therein :  I  am  Jehovah  your  God. 


-Lv.  19 1»  ]  P42ii-iiiH  297 

42iii.  H  Sundry  Laws  Chiefly  Moral  in  Character.  E23, 
24.     J34  (parallels  suggested  by  Sellin). 

Lv.  I91-"  Nu.  IS"-"! 

1  AndJehovah  spake  unto  Mosos,  saying,  2  Speak  unto  all  the  conpxe- 
gation  of  the  children  of  Israel,  and  say  unto  them.  Ye  shall  be  holy; 
for  I  Jehovah  your  God  am  holy.  3  Ye  shall  fear  every  man 
his  mother,  and  his  father ;  and  ye  shall  keep  my  sabbaths :  I 
am  Jehovah  your  God.  4  Turn  ye  not  unto  idols,  nor  make  to 
yourselves  molten  gods :  I  am  Jehovah  your  God. 

5  And  when  ye  offer  a  sacrifice  of  peace-offerings  unto  Jeho- 
vah, ye  shall  offer  it  that  ye  may  be  accepted.  6  It  shall  be 
eaten  the  same  day  ye  offer  it,  and  on  the  morrow:  and  if 
aught  remain  until  the  third  day,  it  shall  be  burnt  with  fire. 
7  And  if  it  be  eaten  at  all  on  the  third  day,  it  is  an  abomina- 
tion; it  shall  not  be  accepted:  8  but  every  one  that  eateth  it 
shall  bear  his  iniquity,  because  he  hath  profaned  the  holy 
thing  of  Jehovah:  and  that  soul  shall  be  cut  off  from  his 
people. 

9  And  when  ye  reap  the  harvest  of  your  land,  thou  shalt 
not  wholly  reap  the  corners  of  thy  field,  neither  shalt  thou 
gather  the  gleaning  of  thy  harvest.  10  And  thou  shalt  not 
glean  thy  vineyard,  neither  shalt  thou  gather  the  fallen  fruit 
of  thy  vineyard;  thou  shalt  leave  them  for  the  poor  and  for 
the  sojourner:  I  am  Jehovah  your  God. 

11  Ye  shall  not  steal;  neither  shall  ye  deal  falsely,  nor  lie 
one  to  another.  12  And  ye  shall  not  swear  by  my  name  falsely, 
and  profane  the  name  of  thy  God:  I  am  Jehovah. 

13  Thou  shalt  not  oppress  thy  neighbor,  nor  rob  him :  the 
wages  of  a  hired  servant  shall  not  abide  with  thee  all  night  until 
the  morning.  14  Thou  shalt  not  curse  the  deaf,  nor  put  a 
stumblingblock  before  the  blind ;  but  thou  shalt  fear  thy  God : 
I  am  Jehovah. 

15  Ye  shall  do  no  unrighteousness  in  judgment:  thou  shalt 
not  respect  the  person  of  the  poor,  nor  honor  the  person  of  the 
mighty;  but  in  righteousness  shalt  thou  judge  thy  neighbor. 
16  Thou  shalt  not  go  up  and  down  as  a  talebearer  among  thy 
people:  neither  shalt  thou  stand  against  the  blood  of  thy 
neighl)or:  I  am  Jehovah. 

17  Thou  shalt  not  hate  thy  brother  in  thy  heart :  thou  shalt 
surely  rebuke  thy  neighbor,  and  not  bear  sin  because  of  him. 
18  Thou  shalt  not  tak(^  vengeance,  nor  bear  any  grudge  against 
th(?  children  of  thy  people ;  but  thou  shalt  love  thy  neighbor  as 
thyself:  I  am  Jehovah. 


«2iii  vv.  5-8.  cf.  P37vi:  Lv.  7'6'8.  v.  18b.  cf.  Mk.  123i.  v.  30,  cf.  20';  21i2  2'  26^  and 
Ez.  5"  8«  23»8"  (Kent).  Nu.  15"-«'  H:  Horst,  DeUtzsch,  Di.,  Ku..  Ka.?,  Ba..  St.,  Eiselen. 
(P61). 


298  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH     [  Lv.  IQ'^ 

19  Ye  shall  keep  my  statutes.  Thou  shalt  not  let  thy  cattle 
gender  with  a  diverse  kind:  thou  shalt  not  sow  thy  field  with 
two  kinds  of  seed:  neither  shall  there  come  upon  thee  a  gar- 
ment of  two  kinds  of  stuff  mingled  together.  20  And  who- 
soever lieth  carnally  with  a  woman,  that  is  a  bondmaid,  be- 
trothed to  a  husband,  and  not  at  all  redeemed,  nor  freedom 
given  her ;  they  shall  be  punished ;  they  shall  not  be  put  to 
death,  because  she  was  not  free.  21  And  he  shall  bring  his  trespass- 
offering  unto  Jehovah,  unto  the  door  of  the  tent  of  meeting,  even  a  ram 
for  a  trespass-offering.  22  And  the  priest  shall  make  atonement  for  him 
with  the  ram  of  the  trespass-offering  before  Jehovah  for  his  sin  which 
he  hath  sinned:  and  the  sin  which  he  hath  sinned  shall  be  forgiven 
him. 

23  And  when  ye  shall  come  into  the  land,  and  shall  have 
planted  all  manner  of  trees  for  food,  then  ye  shall  count  the 
fruit  thereof  as  their  uncircumcision :  three  years  shall  they  be 
as  uncircumcised  unto  you;  it  shall  not  be  eaten.  24  But  in 
the  fourth  year  all  the  fruit  thereof  shall  be  holy,  for  giving 
praise  unto  Jehovah.  25  And  in  the  fifth  year  shall  ye  eat  of 
the  fruit  thereof,  that  it  may  yield  unto  you  the  increase 
thereof :  I  am  Jehovah  your  God. 

26  Ye  shall  not  eat  anything  with  the  blood:  neither  shall 
ye  use  enchantments,  nor  practise  augury.  27  Ye  shall  not 
round  the  comers  of  your  heads,  neither  shalt  thou  mar  the 
corners  of  thy  beard.  28  Ye  shall  not  make  any  cuttings  in 
your  flesh  for  the  dead,  nor  print  any  marks  upon  you:  I  am 
Jehovah. 

29  Profane  not  thy  daughter,  to  make  her  a  harlot ;  lest  the 
land  fall  to  whoredom,  and  the  land  become  full  of  wickedness. 
30  Ye  shall  keep  my  sabbaths,  and  reverence  my  sanctuary:  I 
am  Jehovah. 

31  Turn  ye  not  unto  them  that  have  familiar  spirits,  nor 
unto  the  wizards;  seek  them  not  out,  to  be  defiled  by  them: 
I  am  Jehovah  your  God. 

32  Thou  shalt  rise  up  before  the  hoary  head,  and  honor  the 
face  of  the  old  man,  and  thou  shalt  fear  thy  God:  I  am 
Jehovah. 

33  And  if  a  stranger  sojourn  with  thee  in  your  land,  ye  shall 
not  do  him  wrong.  34  The  stranger  that  sojourneth  \vith  you 
shall  be  unto  you  as  the  home-born  among  you,  and  thou  shalt 
love  him  as  thyself;  for  ye  were  sojourners  in  the  land  of 
Egypt:  I  am  Jehovah  your  God. 

35  Ye  shall  do  no  unrighteousness  in  judgment,  in  measures 
of  length,  of  weight,  or  of  quantity.  36  Just  balances,  just 
weights,  a  just  ephah,  and  a  just  hin,  shall  ye  have:  I  am 
Jehovah  your  God,  who  brought  you  out  of  the  land  of  Egypt. 


...Lv.  2010  ]  P42iii-ivH  299 

37  And  ye  shall  observe  all  my  statutes,  and  all  mine  ordi- 
nances, and  do  tbvm :  I  am  Jehovah. 

Nu.  15''^  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  38  Speak  unto 
the  children  of  Israel,  and  bid  them  that  they  make  them  fringes  in 
the  borders  of  their  garments  throughout  their  generations,  and 
that  they  put  upon  the  fringe  of  each  border  a  cord  of  blue: 
39  and  it  shall  be  unto  you  for  a  fringe,  that  ye  may  look  upon 
it,  and  remember  all  the  commandments  of  Jehovah,  and  do 
them;  and  that  ye  follow  not  after  your  own  heart  and  your 
own  eyes,  after  which  ye  use  to  play  the  harlot;  40  that  ye 
may  remem})er  and  do  all  my  commandments,  and  be  holy 
unto  your  God.  41  I  am  Jehovah  your  God,  who  brought 
you  out  of  the  land  of  Egypt,  to  be  your  God :  I  am  Jehovah 
your  God. 

42iv.    H    "Penalties    Inflicted    for    Certain    Offenses 
Specified  in  18  and  Wo-3v>  (j)j^y 

Lv.   201-2^    1143-45  2025-27 

1  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  2  Moreover,  thou  shall  say 
to  the  children  of  Israel,  Whosoever  he  be  of  the  children  of  Israel, 
or  of  the  strangers  that  sojourn  in  Israel,  that  giveth  of  his 
seed  unto  Molech ;  he  shall  surely  be  put  to  death :  the  people 
of  the  land  shall  stone  him  with  stones.  3  I  also  will  set  my 
face  against  that  man,  and  will  cut  him  off  from  among  his 
people;  because  he  hath  given  of  his  seed  unto  Molech,  to 
defile  my  sanctuary,  and  to  profane  my  holy  name.  4  And  if 
the  people  of  the  land  do  at  all  hide  their  eyes  from  that  man, 
when  he  giveth  of  his  seed  unto  Molech,  and  put  him  not  to 
death;  5  th(^n  I  will  set  my  face  against  that  man,  and  against 
his  family,  and  will  cut  him  off,  and  all  that  plaj^  the  harlot 
after  him,  to  play  the  harlot  with  Molech,  from  among  their 
people. 

6  And  the  soul  that  turneth  unto  them  that  have  familiar 
spirits,  and  unto  the  wizards,  to  play  the  harlot  after  them,  I 
will  even  set  my  face  against  that  soul,  and  will  cut  him  off 
from  among  his  people.  7  Sanctify  yourselves  therefore,  and 
be  ye  hoi}';  for  I  am  Jehovah  your  God.  8  And  ye  shall  keep 
my  statutes,  and  do  them:  I  am  Jehovah  who  sanctifieth  you. 
9  For  every  one  that  curseth  his  father  or  his  mother  shall 
surely  be  put  to  death  :  he  hath  cursed  his  father  or  his  mother; 
his  blood  shall  be  upon  him. 

10  And  the  man  that  committeth  adultery  with  another 
man's  wife,  even  he  that  committeth  adultery  with  his  neigh- 

42iv  ch.  20  covers  many  of  the  same  subjects  as  are  discussed  in  18-19;  but  Paton  be- 
lieves that  20  is  the  work  of  the  same  early  non-priestlv  redactor  that  edited  the  laws  of 
18-19  uefore  II  was  united  with  P. — Lv.  U^-ts  jj:  Di.,  Dr.,  ilorst.  Ku.,  Ba.,  St.,  Eiselen, 
et  al.    All  agree  that  it  counects  with  20-"  •=»,  and  B;i.  locates  it  after  v.  24,  as  above. 


300  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH     [  Lv.  20i» 

bor's  wife,  the  adulterer  and  the  adulteress  shall. surely  be 
put  to  death.  11  And  the  man  that  lieth  with  his  father's 
wife  hath  uncovered  his  father's  nakedness :  both  of  them  shall 
surely  be  put  to  death ;  their  blood  shall  be  upon  them.  12  And 
if  a  man  lie  with  his  daughter-in-law,  both  of  them  shall  surely 
be  put  to  death:  they  have  wrought  confusion;  their  blood 
shall  be  upon  them.  13  And  if  a  man  lie  with  mankind,  as  with 
womankind,  both  of  them  have  committed  abomination:  they 
shall  surely  be  put  to  death;  their  blood  shall  be  upon  them. 
14  And  if  a  man  take  a  wife  and  her  mother,  it  is  wickedness : 
they  shall  be  burnt  with  fire,  both  he  and  they;  that  there  be 
no  wickedness  among  you.  15  And  if  a  man  lie  with  a  beast, 
he  shall  surely  be  put  to  death:  and  ye  shall  slay  the  beast. 
16  And  if  a  woman  approach  unto  any  beast,  and  lie  down 
thereto,  thou  shalt  kill  the  woman,  and  the  beast:  they  shall 
surely  be  put  to  death;  their  blood  shall  be  upon  them. 

17  And  if  a  man  shall  take  his  sister,  his  father's  daughter, 
or  his  mother's  daughter,  and  see  her  nakedness,  and  she  see 
his  nakedness;  it  is  a  shameful  thing;  and  they  shall  be  cut 
off  in  the  sight  of  the  children  of  their  people :  he  hath  uncov- 
ered his  sister's  nakedness ;  he  shall  bear  his  iniquity.  18  And 
if  a  man  shall  lie  with  a  woman  having  her  sickness,  and  shall 
uncover  her  nakedness ;  he  hath  made  naked  her  fountain,  and 
she  hath  uncovered  the  fountain  of  her  blood :  and  both  of 
them  shall  be  cut  off  from  among  their  people.  19  And  thou 
shalt  not  uncover  the  nakedness  of  thy  mother's  sister,  nor  of 
thy  father's  sister ;  for  he  hath  made  naked  his  near  kin :  they 
shall  bear  their  iniquity.  20  And  if  a  man  shall  lie  with  his 
uncle's  wife,  he  hath  uncovered  his  uncle's  nakedness:  they 
shall  bear  their  sin;  they  shall  die  childless.  21  And  if  a  man 
shall  take  his  brother's  wife,  it  is  impurity :  he  hath  uncovered 
his  brother's  nakedness;  they  shall  be  childless. 

22  Ye  shall  therefore  keep  all  my  statutes,  and  all  mine 
ordinances,  and  do  them;  that  the  land,  whither  I  bring  you 
to  dwell  therein,  vomit  you  not  out.  23  And  ye  shall  not  walk 
in  the  customs  of  the  nation,  which  I  cast  out  before  you :  for 
they  did  all  these  things,  and  therefore  I  abhorred  them.  24 
But  I  have  said  unto  you,  Ye  shall  inherit  their  land,  and  I  will 
give  it  unto  you  to  possess  it,  a  land  flowing  with  milk  and 
honey :  I  am  Jehovah  your  God,  who  hath  separated  you  from 
the  peoples. 

IV^  Ye  shall  not  make  yourselves  abominable  with  any 
creeping  thing  that  creepeth,  neither  shall  ye  make  yourselves 
unclean  with  them,  that  ye  should  be  defiled  thereby.  44  For 
I  am  Jehovah  your  God :  sanctify  yourselves  therefore,  and  be 
ye  holy ;  for  I  am  holy :  neither  shall  ye  defile  yourselves  with 


-2PM  P42iv-vH  301 

any  manner  of  creeping  thing  that  moveth  upon  the  earth. 
45  For  I  am  Jehovah  that  brought  you  up  out  of  the  land  of 
Egypt,  to  be  your  God:  ye  shall  therefore  be  holy,  for  I  am 
holy. 

2025  Ye  shall  therefore  make  a  distinction  between  the  clean 
beast  and  the  unclean,  and  between  the  unclean  fowl  and  the 
clean:  and  ye  shall  not  make  your  souls  abominable  by  beast, 
or  by  bird,  or  by  anything  wherewith  the  ground  teemeth, 
which  I  have  separated  from  you  as  unclean.  26  And  ye  shall 
be  holy  unto  me:  for  I,  Jehovah,  am  holy,  and  have  set  you 
apart  from  the  peoples,  that  ye  should  be  mine. 

27  A  man  also  or  a  woman  that  hath  a  familiar  spirit,  or 
that  is  a  wizard,  shall  surely  be  put  to  death :  they  shall  stone 
them  with  stones ;  their  blood  shall  be  upon  them. 

42v.  H  Rules  for  the  Priests. 

Lv.  21 1-2233 
0 1  And  Jehovah  said  unto  Moses,  Speak  unto  the  priests,  the  sons  of 
^  -^  Aaron,  and  say  unto  them.  There  shall  none  defile  himself  for 
the  dead  among  his  people;  2  except  for  his  kin,  that  is  near 
unto  him,  for  his  mother,  and  for  his  father,  and  for  his  son, 
and  for  his  daughter,  and  for  his  brother,  3  and  for  his  sister 
a  virgin,  that  is  near  unto  him,  that  hath  had  no  husband; 
for  her  may  he  defile  himself.  4  He  shall  not  defile  himself, 
being  a  chief  man  among  his  people,  to  profane  himself.  5  They 
shall  not  make  baldness  upon  their  head,  neither  shall  they 
shave  off  the  corner  of  their  beard,  nor  make  any  cuttings  in 
their  flesh.  6  They  shall  be  holy  unto  their  God,  and  not 
profane  the  name  of  their  God;  for  the  offerings  of  Jehovah 
made  by  fire,  the  bread  of  their  God,  they  do  offer:  therefore 
they  shall  be  holy.  7  They  shall  not  take  a  woman  that  is  a 
harlot,  or  profane;  neither  shall  they  take  a  woman  put  away 
from  her  husband :  for  he  is  holy  unto  his  God.  8  Thou  shalt 
sanctify  him  therefore ;  for  he  offereth  the  bread  of  thy  God : 
he  shall  be  holy  unto  thee;  for  I  Jehovah,  who  sanctify  you, 
am  holy.  9  And  the  daughter  of  any  priest,  if  she  profane 
herself  by  playing  the  harlot,  she  profaneth  her  father:  she 
shall  be  burnt  with  fire. 

10  And  he  that  is  the  high  priest  among  his  brethren,  upon 
whose  head  the  anointing  oil  is  poured,  and  that  is  consecrated  to  put 
on  the  garments,  shall  not  let  the  hair  of  his  head  go  loose,  nor 
rend  his  clothes;  11  neither  shall  he  go  in  to  any  dead  body, 
nor  defile  himself  for  his  father,  or  for  his  mother ;  12  neither 
shall  he  go  out  of  the  sanctuary,  nor  profane  the  sanctuary  of 
his  God;  for  the  crown  of  the  anointing  oil  of  his  God  is  upon  him:  I 
am  Jehovah.     13  And  he  shall  take  a  wife  in  her  virginity. 


302  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH     [Lv.  211^ 

14  A  widow,  or  one  divorced,  or  a  profane  woman,  a  harlot, 
these  shall  he  not  take:  but  a  virgin  of  his  own  people  shall 
he  take  to  wife.  15  And  he  shall  not  profane  his  seed  among 
his  people :  for  I  am  Jehovah  who  sanctifieth  him. 

16  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  17  Speak  unto  Aaron, 
saying.  Whosoever  he  be  of  thy  seed  throughout  their  generations  that 
hath  a  blemish,  let  him  not  approach  to  offer  the  bread  of  his 
God.  18  For  whatsoever  man  he  be  that  hath  a  blemish,  he 
shall  not  approach:  a  blind  man,  or  a  lame,  or  he  that  hath 
a  flat  nose,  or  anything  superfluous,  19  or  a  man  that  is 
broken-footed,  or  broken-handed,  20  or  crook-backed,  or  a 
dwarf,  or  that  hath  a  blemish  in  his  eye,  or  is  scurvy,  or 
scabbed,  or  hath  his  stones  broken;  21  no  man  of  the  seed  of 
Aaron  the  priest,  that  hath  a  blemish,  shall  come  nigh  to  offer 
the  offerings  of  Jehovah  made  by  fire:  he  hath  a  blemish;  he 
shall  not  come  nigh  to  offer  the  bread  of  his  God.  22  He 
shall  eat  the  bread  of  his  God,  both  of  the  most  holy,  and  of  the 
holy:  23  only  he  shall  not  go  in  unto  the  veil,  nor  come  nigh 
unto  the  altar,  because  he  hath  a  blemish;  that  he  profane 
not  my  sanctuaries:  for  I  am  Jehovah  who  sanctifieth  them. 
24  So  Moses  spake  unto  Aaron,  and  to  his  sons,  and  unto  all  the 
children  of  Israel. 

cy  cy  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  2  Speak  unto  Aaron  and 
^■^  to  his  sons,  that  they  separate  themselves  from  the  holy 
things  of  the  children  of  Israel,  which  they  hallow  unto  me, 
and  that  they  profane  not  my  holy  name :  I  am  Jehovah.  3 
Say  unto  them,  Whosoever  he  be  of  all  your  seed  throughout  your 
generations,  that  approacheth  unto  the  holy  things,  which  the 
children  of  Israel  hallow  unto  Jehovah,  having  his  uncleanness 
upon  him,  that  soul  shall  be  cut  off  from  before  me :  I  am  Je- 
hovah. 4  What  man  soever  of  the  seed  of  Aaron  is  a  leper,  or 
hath  an  issue;  he  shall  not  eat  of  the  holy  things,  until  he  be 
clean.  And  whoso  toucheth  anything  that  is  unclean  by  the 
dead,  or  a  man  whose  seed  goeth  from  him ;  5  or  whosoever 
toucheth  any  creeping  thing,  whereby  he  may  be  made  un- 
clean, or  a  man  of  whom  he  may  take  uncleanness,  whatso- 
ever uncleanness  he  hath ;  6  the  soul  that  toucheth  any  such 
shall  be  unclean  until  the  even,  and  shall  not  eat  of  the  holy 
things  unless  he  bathe  his  flesh  in  water.  7  And  when  the  sun 
is  down,  he  shall  be  clean;  and  afterward  he  shall  eat  of  the 
holy  things,  because  it  is  his  bread.  8  That  which  dieth  of 
itself,  or  is  torn  of  beasts,  he  shall  not  eat,  to  defile  himself 
therewith:  I  am  Jehovah.  9  They  shall  therefore  keep  my 
charge,  lest  they  bear  sin  for  it,  ancl  die  therein,  if  they  profane 
it :  I  am  Jehovah  who  sanctifieth  them. 

10  There  shall  no  stranger  eat  of  the  holy  thing :  a  sojourner 


-2229]  P42vH  303 

of  the  priest's,  or  a  hired  servant,  shall  not  eat  of  the  holy- 
thing.  11  But  if  a  priest  buy  any  soul,  the  purchase  of  his 
money,  he  shall  eat  of  it;  and  such  as  are  born  in  his  house, 
they  shall  eat  of  his  bread.  12  And  if  a  priest's  daughter  be 
married  unto  a  stranger,  she  shall  not  eat  of  the  heave-offering 
of  the  holy  things.  13  But  if  a  priest's  daughter  be  a  widow, 
or  divorced,  and  have  no  child,  and  be  returned  unto  her 
father's  house,  as  in  her  youth,  she  shall  eat  of  her  father's 
bread:  but  there  shall  no  stranger  eat  thereof.  14  And  if  a 
man  eat  of  the  holy  thing  unwittingly,  then  he  shall  put  the 
fifth  part  thereof  unto  it,  and  shall  give  unto  the  priest  the 
holy  thing.  15  And  they  shall  not  profane  the  holy  things  of 
the  children  of  Israel,  which  thej^  offer  unto  Jehovah,  16  and 
so  cause  them  to  bear  th(>  iniquity  that  bringeth  guilt,  when 
they  eat  their  holy  things:  for  I  am  Jehovah  who  sanctifieth 
them. 

17  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  18  Speak  unto  Aaron, 
and  to  his  sons,  and  unto  all  the  children  of  Israel,  and  say  unto  them, 
Whosoever  he  be  of  the  house  of  Israel,  or  of  the  sojourners  in 
Israel,  that  offereth  his  oblation,  whether  it  be  any  of  their 
vows,  or  any  of  their  freewill-offerings,  which  they  offer  unto 
Jehovah  for  a  burnt-offering;  19  that  ye  may  be  accepted,  ye 
shall  offer  a  male  without  ])lemish,  of  the  bullocks,  of  the  sheep, 
or  of  the  goats.  20  But  whatsoever  hath  a  blemish,  that  shall 
ye  not  offer:  for  it  shall  not  be  acceptable  for  you.  21  And 
whosoever  offereth  a  sacrifice  of  peace-offerings  unto  Jehovah  to 
accomplish  a  vow,  or  for  a  freewill-offering,  of  the  herd  or  of 
the  flock,  it  shall  be  perfect  to  be  accepted;  there  shall  be  no 
blemish  therein.  22  Blind,  or  broken,  or  maimed,  or  having  a 
wen,  or  scurvy,  or  scabbed,  ye  shall  not  offer  these  unto  Jeho- 
vah, nor  make  an  offering  by  fire  of  them  upon  the  altar  unto 
Jehovah.  23  Either  a  bullock  or  a  lamb  that  hath  anything 
superfluous  or  lacking  in  his  parts,  that  mayest  thou  offer  for 
a  freewill-offering;  but  for  a  vow  it  shall  not  be  accepted. 
24  That  which  hath  its  stones  bruised,  or  crushed,  or  broken, 
or  cut,  ye  shall  not  offer  unto  Jehovah;  neither  shall  ye  do 
thus  in  your  land.  25  Neither  from  the  hand  of  a  foreigner 
shall  ye  offer  the  bread  of  your  God  of  any  of  these;  because 
their  corruption  is  in  them,  there  is  a  blemish  in  them:  they 
shall  not  be  accepted  for  you. 

26  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  27  When  a  buUock,  or 
a  sheep,  or  a  goat,  is  brought  forth,  then  it  shall  be  seven  days 
under  the  dam;  and  from  the  eighth  day  and  thenceforth  it 
shall  be  accepted  for  the  oblation  of  an  offering  made  by  fire 
unto  Jehovah.  28  And  whether  it  be  cow  or  ewe,  ye  shall 
not  kill  it  and  its  young  both  in  one  day.     29  And  when  ye 


304  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH     [  Lv.  22^9 

sacrifice  a  sacrifice  of  thanksgiving  unto  Jehovah,  ye  shall  sac- 
rifice it  that  ye  may  be  accepted.  30  On  the  same  day  it  shall 
be  eaten;  ye  shall  leave  none  of  it  until  the  morning:  I  am 
Jehovah.  31  Therefore  shall  ye  keep  my  conmiandments,  and 
do  them:  I  am  Jehovah.  32  And  ye  shall  not  profane  my 
holy  name;  but  I  will  be  hallowed  among  the  children  of  Is- 
rael :  I  am  Jehovah  who  halloweth  you,  33  who  brought  you 
out  of  the  land  of  Egypt,  to  be  your  God :  I  am  Jehovah. 

42vi.  H  Calendar  of  Feasts.     P75. 

Lv.  231-"^ 

1  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  2  Speak  unto  the  children 
of  Israel,  and  say  unto  them,  The  set  feasts  of  Jehovah,  which  ye  shall 
proclaim  to  be  holy  convocations,  even  these  are  my  set  feasts.  3  Six 
days  shall  work  be  done:  but  on  the  seventh  day  is  a  sabbath  of  solemn 
rest,  a  holy  convocation;  ye  shall  do  no  maimer  of  work:  it  is  a  sabbath 
unto  Jehovah  in  all  yoiu*  dwellings. 

4  These  are  the  set  feasts  of  Jehovah,  even  holy  convocations,  which  ye 
shall  proclaim  in  their  appointed  season.  5  In  the  first  month,  on  the 
fourteenth  day  of  the  month  at  even,  is  Jehovah's  passover.  6  And  on 
the  fifteenth  day  of  the  same  month  is  the  feast  of  unleavened  bread  unto 
Jehovah:  seven  days  ye  shall  eat  imleavened  bread.  7  In  the  first  day 
ye  shall  have  a  holy  convocation:  ye  shall  do  no  servile  work.  8  But  ye 
shall  offer  an  offering  made  by  fire  unto  Jehovah  seven  days:  in  the 
seventh  day  is  a  holy  convocation;  ye  shall  do  no  servile  work. 

9  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  10  Speak  unto 
the  children  of  Israel,  and  say  unto  them,  When  ye  are  come 
into  the  land  which  I  give  unto  you,  and  shall  reap  the  harvest 
thereof,  then  ye  shall  bring  the  sheaf  of  the  first-fruits  of  your 
harvest  imto  the  priest:  11  and  he  shall  wave  the  sheaf  be- 
fore Jehovah,  to  be  accepted  for  you :  on  the  morrow  after  the 
sabbath  the  priest  shall  wave  it.  12  And  in  the  day  when  ye 
wave  the  sheaf,  ye  shall  offer  a  he-lamb  without  blemish  a  year 
old  for  a  burnt-offering  unto  Jehovah.  13  And  the  meal-offering 
thereof  shall  be  two  tenth  parts  0/  an  ephah  of  fine  flour  mingled  with 
oil,  an  offering  made  by  fire  unto  Jehovah  for  a  sweet  savor;  and  the 
drink-offering  thereof  shall  be  of  wine,  the  fourth  part  of  a  hin.  14 
And  ye  shall  eat  neither  bread,  nor  parched  grain,  nor  fresh  ears,  imtil 
this  seKsame  day,  untU  ye  have  brought  the  oblation  of  your  God:  it  is 
a  statute  for  ever  throughout  your  generations  in  all  your  dwellings. 

15  And  ye  shall  count  unto  you  from  the  morrow  after  the 
sabbath,  from  the  day  that  ye  brought  the  sheaf  of  the  wave- 
offering  ;  seven  sabbaths  shall  there  be  complete :  16  even  unto 
the  morrow  after  the  seventh  sabbath  shall  ye  number  fifty 
days ;  and  ye  shall  offer  a  new  meal-offering  unto  Jehovah.  17  Ye 

«2vi  The  material  in  smaller  type  is  P:  Ka.,  Dr.,  St.,  CH.,  Ba.,  Delitzsch,  Co.,  et  al. 


-23"  ]  P42v-viH  305 

shall  bring  out  of  your  habitations  two  wave-loaves  of  two 
tenth  parts  of  an  ephah:  they  shall  be  of  fine  flour,  they  shall  be 
baken  with  leaven,  for  first-fruits  unto  Jehovah.  18  And  ye 
shall  present  with  the  bread  seven  lambs  without  blemish  a 
year  old,  and  one  young  bullock,  and  two  rams:  they  shall 
be  a  burnt-offering  unto  Jehovah,  with  their  meal-offering,  and 
their  drink-offerings,  even  an  offering  made  by  fire,  of  a  sweet 
savor  unto  Jehovah.  19  And  ye  shall  offer  one  he-goat  for  a 
sin-offering,  and  two  he-lambs  a  year  old  for  a  sacrifice  of  peace- 
offerings.  20  And  the  priest  shall  wave  them  with  the  bread 
of  the  first-fruits  for  a  wave-offering  before  Jehovah,  with  the 
two  lambs :  they  shall  be  holy  to  Jehovah  for  the  priest.  21 
And  ye  shall  make  proclamation  on  the  selfsame  day;  there  shall  be  a 
holy  convocation  unto  you;  ye  shall  do  no  servile  work:  it  is  a  statute  for 
ever  in  aU  your  dwellings  tliroughout  your  generations. 

22  And  when  ye  reap  the  harvest  of  your  land,  thou  shalt 
not  wholly  reap  the  corners  of  thy  field,  neither  shalt  thou 
gather  the  gleaning  of  thy  harvest:  thou  shalt  leave  them  for 
the  poor,  and  for  the  sojourner :  I  am  Jehovah  your  God. 

23  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  24  Speak  unto  the  chil- 
dren of  Israel,  saying.  In  the  seventh  month,  on  the  first  day  of  the  month, 
shall  be  a  solemn  rest  unto  you,  a  memorial  of  blowing  of  trumpets,  a  holy 
convocation.  25  Ye  shall  do  no  servile  work;  and  ye  shall  offer  an  offer- 
ing made  by  fire  unto  Jehovah. 

26  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  sajnng,  27  Howbeit  on  the  tenth 
day  of  this  seventh  month  is  the  day  of  atonement:  it  shall  be  a  holy  con- 
vocation unto  you,  and  ye  shall  afflict  your  souls;  and  ye  shall  offer  an 
offering  made  by  fire  unto  Jehovah.  28  And  ye  shall  do  no  manner  of 
work  in  that  .same  day;  for  it  is  a  day  of  atonement,  to  make  atonement 
for  you  before  Jehovah  your  God.  29  For  whatsoever  soul  it  be  that 
shall  not  be  afflicted  in  that  same  day;  he  shall  be  cut  off  from  his  people. 
30  And  whatsoever  soul  it  be  that  doeth  any  manner  of  work  in  that  same 
day,  that  soul  will  I  destroy  from  among  his  people.  31  Ye  shall  do  no 
manner  of  work:  it  is  a  statute  for  ever  throughout  your  generations  in 
all  your  dwellings.  32  It  shall  be  unto  you  a  sabbath  of  solemn  rest,  and 
ye  shall  afflict  your  souls:  in  the  ninth  day  of  the  month  at  even,  from 
even  unto  even,  shall  ye  keep  your  sabbath. 

33  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  34  Speak  unto  the  chil- 
dren of  Israel,  saying,  On  the  fifteenth  day  of  this  seventh  month  is  the 
feast  of  tabernacles  for  seven  days  unto  Jehovah.  35  On  the  first  day 
shall  be  a  holy  convocation:  ye  shall  do  no  servile  work.  36  Seven  days 
ye  shall  offer  an  offering  made  by  fire  unto  Jehovah:  on  the  eighth  day 
shall  be  a  holy  convocation  unto  you;  and  ye  shall  offer  an  offering  made 
by  fire  unto  Jehovah:  it  is  a  solemn  assembly;  ye  shall  do  no  servile  work. 

37  These  are  the  set  feasts  of  Jehovah,  which  ye  shall  proclaim  to  be 
holy  convocations,  to  offer  an  offering  made  by  fire  unto  Jehovah,  a  burnt- 


306  SOURCES  OF  THE   HEXATEUCH     [  Lv.  23" 

offering,  and  a  meal-offering,  a  sacrifice,  and  drink-offerings,  each  on  its 
own  day;  38  besides  the  sabbaths  of  Jehovah,  and  besides  your  gifts,  and 
besides  all  your  vows,  and  besides  all  your  freewill-offerings,  which  ye  give 
unto  Jehovah. 

39  Howbeit  on  the  fifteenth  day  of  the  seventh  month,  when  ye  have 
gathered  in  the  fruits  of  the  land,  ye  shall  keep  the  feast  of  Jehovah  seven 
days:  on  the  first  day  shall  be  a  solemn  rest,  and  on  the  eighth 
day  shall  be  a  solemn  rest.  40  And  ye  shall  take  you  on  the 
first  day  the  fruit  of  goodly  trees,  branches  of  palm-trees,  and 
boughs  of  thick  trees,  and  vidllows  of  the  brook;  and  ye  shall 
rejoice  before  Jehovah  your  God  seven  days.  41  And  ye  shall 
keep  it  a  feast  unto  Jehovah  seven  days  in  the  year:  it  is  a 
statute  for  ever  throughout  your  generations;  ye  shall  keep  it 
in  the  seventh  month.  42  Ye  shall  dwell  in  booths  seven  days ; 
all  that  are  home-born  in  Israel  shall  dwell  in  booths ;  43  that 
your  generations  may  know  that  I  made  the  children  of  Israel 
to  dwell  in  booths,  when  I  brought  them  out  of  the  land  of 
Egypt :  I  am  Jehovah  your  God.  44  And  Moses  declared  unto  the 
children  of  Israel  the  set  feasts  of  Jehovah. 

42vii.  P  Punishment  of  Blasphemy,  and  the  lex  talionis. 
E24ii:  Ex.  2V^-^\ 

Lv.  241-23 

1  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  2  Command  the 
children  of  Israel,  that  they  bring  unto  thee  pure  olive  oil  beaten  for  the 
light,  to  cause  a  lamp  to  burn  continually.  3  Without  the  veil  of  the 
testimony,  in  the  tent  of  meeting,  shall  Aaron  keep  it  in  order  from  evening 
to  morning  before  Jehovah  continually:  it  shall  be  a  statute  for  ever 
throughout  your  generations.  4  He  shall  keep  in  order  the  lamps  upon 
the  pure  candlestick  before  Jehovah  continually. 

5  And  thou  shalt  take  fine  flour,  and  bake  twelve  cakes  thereof:  two 
tenth  parts  \of  an  ephah  shall  be  in  one  cake.  6  And  thou  shalt  set  them 
in  two  rows,  six  on  a  row,  upon  the  pure  table  before  Jehovah.  7  And 
thou  shalt  put  pm-e  frankincense  upon  each  row,  that  it  may  be  to  the 
bread  for  a  memorial,  even  an  offering  made  by  fire  unto  Jehovah.  8  Every 
sabbath  day  he  shall  set  it  in  order  before  Jehovah  continually;  it  is  on 
the  behalf  of  the  children  of  Israel,  an  everlasting  covenant.  9  And  it 
shall  be  for  Aaron  and  his  sons;  and  they  shall  eat  it  in  a  holy  place:  for 
it  is  most  holy  unto  him  of  the  offerings  of  Jehovah  made  by  fire  by  a  per- 
petual statute. 

10  And  the  son  of  an  Israelitish  woman,  whose  father  was  an  Egyp- 
tian, went  out  among  the  children  of  Israel;  and  the  son  of  the  Israelitish 
woman  and  a  man  of  Israel  strove  together  in  the  camp:  11  and  the 
son  of  the  Israelitish  woman  blasphemed  the  Name,  and  cursed;  and  they 
brought  him  unto  Moses.     And  his  mother's  name  was  Shelomith,  the 

«vii  Lv.  24  is  almost  wholly  P ;  but  w.  15-22  are  from  H. 


-25«  ]  P42vi-viiiH*  307 

daughter  of  Dibri,  of  the  ti'ibc  of  Dan.     12  And  they  put  him  in  ward, 
that  it  might  be  declared  unto  them  at  the  mouth  of  Jehovah. 

13  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  14  Bring  forth  him  that 
hath  cursed  without  the  camp;  and  let  all  that  heard  him  lay  their  hands 
upon  his  head,  and  let  all  the  congregation  stone  him.  15  And  thou  shalt 
speak  unto  the  children  of  Israel,  saying,  Whosoever  curseth  his  God 
shall  l)car  his  sin.  16  And  he  that  blasphemeth  the  name  of 
Jehovah,  he  shall  surely  be  put  to  death;  all  the  congregation 
shall  certainly  stone  him:  as  well  the  sojourner,  atj  the  home-born,  when 
he  blasphemeth  the  name  of  Jehovah,  shall  be  put  to  death.  17  And 
he  that  suiit(^th  any  man  mortally  shall  surely  be  put  to  death. 
18  And  he  that  smiteth  a  beast  mortally  shall  make  it  good, 
life  for  life.  19  And  if  a  man  cause  a  blemish  in  his  neighbor ; 
as  he  hath  done,  so  shall  it  be  done  to  him :  20  breach  for 
breach,  eye  for  eye,  tooth  for  tooth;  as  he  hath  caused  a 
blemish  in  a  man,  so  shall  it  be  rendered  unto  him.  21  And 
he  that  killeth  a  beast  shall  make  it  good:  and  he  that  killeth 
a  man  shall  be  put  to  death.  22  Ye  shall  have  one  manner  of  law, 
as  well  for  the  sojourner,  as  for  the  home-born:  for  I  am  Jehovah  your 
God.  23  And  Moses  spake  to  the  childi-en  of  Israel;  and  they  brought 
forth  him  that  had  cursed  out  of  the  camp,  and  stoned  him  with  stones. 
And  the  children  of  Israel  did  as  Jehovah  commanded  Moses. 

42viii.  H  The  Sabbatical  Year,  and  the  Year  of  Jubilee. 

Lv.  251-^^ 

1  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses  in  mount  Sinai,  saying,  2  Speak 
unto  the  children  of  Israel,  aaid  say  unto  them,  When  ye  come  into 
the  land  which  I  give  you,  then  shall  the  land  keep  a  sabbath 
unto  Jehovah.  3  Six  years  thou  shalt  sow  thy  field,  and  six 
years  thou  shalt  prune  thy  vine^^ard,  and  gather  in  the  fruits 
thereof;  4  but  in  the  seventh  year  shall  be  a  sabbath  of  sol- 
emn rest  for  the  land,  a  sabbath  unto  Jehovah :  thou  shalt 
neither  sow  thy  field,  nor  prune  thy  vineyard.  5  That  which 
groweth  of  itself  of  thy  harvest  thou  shalt  not  reap,  and  the 
grapes  of  thy  undressed  vine  thou  shalt  not  gather:  it  shall 
be  a  year  of  solemn  rest  for  the  land.  6  And  the  sabbath  of 
the  land  shall  be  for  food  for  you ;  for  thee,  and  for  thy  servant 
and  for  thy  maid,  and  for  thy  hired  servant  and  for  thy 
strang(T,  who  sojourn  with  thee.  7  And  for  thy  cattle,  and 
for  the  beasts  that  are  in  thy  land,  shall  all  the  increase  thereof 
be  for  food. 

8  And  thou  shalt  number  seven  sabbaths  of  years  unto  thee, 
seven  times  seven  years ;  and  there  shall  be  unto  thee  the  days 

42viii  The  material  in  small  print  is  cliiefly  P  (or  Rp).  There  is  somo  difference  regard- 
ing the  analysis;  all  would,  however,  assign  to  H  the  versos  so  assigned  above,  save  for 
possible  minor  touches  by  Rp.  Haupt,  L)r.,  Kent,  CH.,  Ka.  agree  substantially,  while 
St.,  Paton  give  more  to  H.    Paton  says  that  23a  is  generally  regarded  as  H. 


308  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH      [  Lv.  25^ 

of  seven  sabbaths  of  years,  even  forty  and  nine  years.  9  Then 
shalt  thou  send  abroad  the  loud  trumpet  on  the  tenth  day  of 
the  seventh  month ;  in  the  day  of  atonement  shall  ye  send  abroad  the 
trumpet  throughout  all  your  land.  10  And  ye  shall  haUow  the  fiftieth 
year,  and  proclaim  liberty  throughout  the  land  unto  aU  the  inhabitants 
thereof:  it  shall  be  a  jubilee  unto  you;  and  ye  shall  return  every  man 
unto  his  possession,  and  ye  shall  return  every  man  unto  his  family.  11  A 
jubilee  shall  that  fiftieth  year  be  unto  you:  ye  shall  not  sow,  neither  reap 
that  which  groweth  of  itself  in  it,  nor  gather  the  grapes  in  it  of  the  imdressed 
vines.  12  For  it  is  a  jubilee;  it  shall  be  holy  unto  you:  ye  shall  eat  the 
increase  thereof  out  of  the  field. 

13  In  this  year  of  jubilee  ye  shall  return  every  man  unto 
his  possession.  14  And  if  thou  sell  aught  unto  thy  neighbor, 
or  buy  of  thy  neighbor's  hand,  ye  shall  not  wrong  one  another. 
15  According  to  the  number  of  years  after  the  jubilee  thou 
shalt  buy  of  thy  neighbor,  and  according  unto  the  number  of 
years  of  the  crops  he  shall  sell  unto  thee.  16  According  to  the 
multitude  of  the  years  thou  shalt  increase  the  price  thereof,  and  accord- 
ing to  the  fewness  of  the  years  thou  shalt  diminish  the  price  of  it;  for 
the  number  of  the  crops  doth  he  sell  unto  thee.  17  And  ye  shall 
not  wrong  one  another ;  but  thou  shalt  fear  thy  God :  for  I  am 
Jehovah  your  God. 

18  Wherefore  ye  shall  do  my  statutes,  and  keep  mine  ordi- 
nances and  do  them;  and  ye  shall  dwell  in  the  land  in  safety. 
19  And  the  land  shall  yield  its  fruit,  and  ye  shall  eat  your  fill, 
and  dwell  therein  in  safety.  20  And  if  ye  shall  say,  What 
shall  we  eat  the  seventh  year?  behold,  we  shall  not  sow,  nor 
gather  in  our  increase;  21  then  I  will  command  my  blessing 
upon  you  in  the  sixth  year,  and  it  shall  bring  forth  fruit  for  the 
three  years.  22  And  ye  shall  sow  the  eighth  year,  and  eat 
of  the  fruits,  the  old  store ;  until  the  ninth  year,  until  its  fruits 
come  in,  ye  shall  eat  the  old  store. 

23  And  the  land  shaU  not  be  sold  in  perpetuity;  for  the  land  is  mine: 
for  ye  are  strangers  and  sojourners  with  me.  24  And  in  all  the  land 
of  your  possession  ye  shall  grant  a  redemption  for  the  land. 
25  If  thy  brother  be  waxed  poor,  and  sell  some  of  his  posses- 
sion, then  shall  his  kinsman  that  is  next  unto  him  come,  and 
shall  redeem  that  which  his  brother  hath  sold.  26  And  if  a  man 
have  no  one  to  redeem  it,  and  he  be  waxed  rich  and  find  sufficient  to  re- 
deem it ;  27  then  let  him  reckon  the  years  of  the  sale  thereof,  and  restore 
the  overplus  unto  the  man  to  whom  he  sold  it;  and  he  shall  return  unto 
his  possession.  28  But  if  he  be  not  able  to  get  it  back  for  himself, 
then  that  which  he  hath  sold  shall  remain  in  the  hand  of  him  that  hath 
bought  it  until  the  year  of  jubilee:  and  in  the  jubilee  it  shall  go  out,  and 
he  shall  return  unto  his  possession. 

29  And  if  a  man  sell  a  dwelling-house  in  a  walled  city,  then  he  may 


-25«  ]  P42viiiH*  309 

redeem  it  within  a  whole  year  after  it  is  sold;  for  a  full  year  shall  he  have 
the  right  of  redemption.  30  And  if  it  be  not  redeemed  within  the  space 
of  a  full  year,  then  the  house  that  is  in  the  walled  city  shall  be  made  sure 
in  perpetuity  to  him  that  bought  it,  throughout  his  generations:  it  shall 
not  go  out  in  the  jubilc^e.  31  But  the  houses  of  the  villages  which  have 
no  wall  round  about  them  shall  be  reckoned  with  the  fields  of  the  country: 
they  may  be  redeemed,  and  they  shall  go  out  in  the  jubilee.  32  Neverthe- 
less the  cities  of  the  Levites,  the  houses  of  the  cities  of  their  possession, 
may  the  Levites  redeem  at  any  time.  33  And  if  one  of  the  Levites  re- 
deem, then  the  house  that  was  sold,  and  the  city  of  his  possession, 
shall  go  out  in  the  jubilee;  for  the  houses  of  the  cities  of  the  Levites 
are  their  possession  among  the  children  of  Lsrael.  34  But  the  field 
of  the  suburbs  of  their  cities  may  not  be  sold;  for  it  is  their  perpetual 
possession. 

35  And  if  thy  brother  be  waxed  poor,  and  his  hand  fail  with 
thee;  then  thou  shalt  uphold  him:  as  a  stranger  and  a  so- 
journer shall  he  live  with  thee.  36  Take  thou  no  interest  of 
him  or  increase,  but  fear  thy  God;  that  thy  brother  may  live 
with  thee.  37  Thou  shalt  not  give  him  thy  money  upon  in- 
terest, nor  give  him  thy  victuals  for  increase.  38  I  am  Jeho- 
vah your  God,  who  brought  you  forth  out  of  the  land  of  Egypt, 
to  give  you  the  land  of  Canaan,  and  to  be  your  God. 

39  And  if  thy  brother  be  waxed  poor  with  thee,  and  sell 
himself  unto  thee ;  thou  shalt  not  make  him  to  serve  as  a  bond- 
servant. 40  As  a  hired  servant,  and  as  a  sojourner,  he  shall  be 
with  thee;  he  shall  serve  with  thee  unto  the  year  of  jubilee:  41  then 
shall  he  go  out  from  thee,  he  and  his  children  with  him,  and  shall  return 
unto  his  own  family,  and  unto  the  possession  of  his  fathers  shall  he 
return.  42  For  they  are  my  servants,  whom  I  brought  forth  out  of 
the  land  of  Egypt:  they  shall  not  be  sold  as  bondmen.  43  Thou 
shalt  not  rule  over  him  with  rigor,  but  shalt  fear  thy  God.  44 
And  as  for  thy  bondmen,  and  thy  bondmaids,  whom  thou  shalt  have; 
of  the  nations  that  are  round  about  3'ou,  of  them  shall  ye  buy  bondmen 
and  bondmaids.  45  Moreover  of  the  children  of  the  strangers  that  so- 
journ among  you,  of  them  shall  ye  buy,  and  of  their  families  that  are 
with  you,  which  they  have  begotten  in  your  land :  and  they  shall  be  your 
possession.  46  And  ye  shall  make  them  an  inheritance  for  your  children 
after  you,  to  hold  for  a  possession;  of  them  shall  ye  take  your  bondmen 
for  ever:  but  over  your  brethren  the  children  of  Israel  ye  shall  not  rule, 
one  over  another,  wit  h  rigor. 

47  And  if  a  stranger  or  sojourner  with  thee  be  waxed  rich, 
and  thy  brother  be  waxed  poor  beside  him,  and  sell  himself 
unto  the  stranger  or  sojourncT  with  thee,  or  to  the  stock  of  the 
stranger's  family ;  48  after  that  he  is  sold  he  may  be  redeemed:  one  of 
his  brethren  may  redeem  him;  49  or  his  uncle,  or  his  uncle's  son,  may  re- 
deem him,  or  any  that  is  nigh  of  kin  unto  him  of  his  family  may  redeem  him; 


310  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH     [  Lv.  25« 

or  if  he  be  waxed  rich,  he  may  redeem  himself.  50  And  he  shall  reckon 
with  him  that  bought  him  from  the  year  that  he  sold  himself  to  him  mito 
the  year  of  jubilee:  and  the  price  of  his  sale  shall  be  according  unto  the 
number  of  years;  according  to  the  time  of  a  hired  servant  shall  he  be 
with  him.  51  If  there  be  yet  many  years,  according  unto  them  he  shall 
give  back  the  price  of  his  redemption  out  of  the  money  that  he  was  bought 
for.  52  And  if  there  remain  but  few  years  unto  the  year  of  jubilee,  then 
he  shall  reckon  with  him;  according  unto  his  years  shall  he  give  back  the 
price  of  his  redemption.  53  As  a  servant  hired  year  by  year  shall 
he  be  with  him :  he  shall  not  rule  with  rigor  over  him  in  thy 
sight.  54  And  if  he  be  not  redeemed  by  these  means,  then  he  shall  go 
out  in  the  year  of  jubilee,  he,  and  his  children  with  him.  55  For  unto 
me  the  children  of  Israel  are  servants;  they  are  my  servants  whom  I 
brought  forth  out  of  the  land  of  Eg3T3t:  I  am  Jehovah  your  God. 

42ix.  H  Parenetic  Conclusion.     E24iv.     Dt.  28. 

Lv.  261-46 

1  Ye  shall  make  you  no  idols,  neither  shall  ye  rear  you  up 
a  graven  image,  or  a  pillar,  neither  shall  ye  place  any  figured 
stone  in  your  land,  to  bow  down  unto  it:  for  I  am  Jehovah 
your  God.  2  Ye  shall  keep  my  sabbaths,  and  reverence  my 
sanctuary:  I  am  Jehovah. 

3  If  ye  walk  in  my  statutes,  and  keep  my  commandments, 
and  do  them;  4  then  I  will  give  your  rains  in  their  season, 
and  the  land  shall  yield  its  increase,  and  the  trees  of  the  field 
shall  yield  their  fruit.  5  And  your  threshing  shall  reach  unto 
the  vintage,  and  the  vintage  shall  reach  unto  the  sowing  time; 
and  ye  shall  eat  your  bread  to  the  full,  and  dwell  in  your  land 
safely.  6  And  I  will  give  peace  in  the  land,  and  ye  shall  lie 
down,  and  none  shall  make  you  afraid:  and  I  will  cause  evil 
beasts  to  cease  out  of  the  land,  neither  shall  the  sword  go 
through  your  land.  7  And  ye  shall  chase  your  enemies,  and 
they  shall  fall  before  you  by  the  sword.  8  And  five  of  you 
shall  chase  a  hundred,  and  a  hundred  of  you  shall  chase  ten 
thousand;  and  your  enemies  shall  fall  before  you  by  the 
sword.  9  And  I  will  have  respect  unto  you,  and  make  you 
fruitful,  and  multiply  you,  and  will  establish  my  covenant 
with  you.  10  And  ye  shall  eat  old  store  long  kept,  and  ye  shall 
bring  forth  the  old  because  of  the  new.  11  And  I  will  set  my 
tabernacle  among  you:  and  my  soul  shall  not  abhor  you. 
12  And  I  will  walk  among  you,  and  will  be  your  God,  and  ye 
shall  be  my  people.  13  I  am  Jehovah  your  God,  who  brought 
you  forth  out  of  the  land  of  Egypt,  that  ye  should  not  be  their 

^2' I  It  is  generally  believed  that  the  author  of  this  section  is  the  original  compiler  of  H. 
w.  1-2  (v.  2,  cf.  193")  are  "fundamental  commands  of  the  theocracy"  Ka.  \^.  31-34,  38, 
44  plainly  presuppose  the  exile,  v.  34  is  cited  2  Ch.  36"i---  as  a  word  of  Jeremiah  (a  con- 
firmation of  the  exiUc  dating),    v.  46  is  Rp's  conclusion  to  17-26. 


-26^^  ]  P42viii-ixH  311 

bondmen ;  and  I  have  broken  the  bars  of  your  yoke,  and  made 
you  go  upright. 

14  But  if  ye  will  not  hearken  unto  me,  and  will  not  do  all 
these  commandments;  15  and  if  ye  shall  reject  my  statutes, 
and  if  your  soul  abhor  mine  ordinances,  so  that  ye  will  not  do 
all  my  commandments,  but  break  my  covenant;  16  I  also 
will  do  this  unto  you:  I  will  appoint  terror  over  you,  even 
consumption  and  fever,  that  shall  consume  the  eyes,  and  make 
the  soul  to  pine  away ;  and  ye  shall  sow  your  seed  in  vain,  for 
your  enemies  shall  eat  it.  17  And  I  will  set  my  face  against 
you,  and  ye  shall  be  smitten  before  your  enemies:  they  that 
hate  you  shall  rule  over  you ;  and  ye  shall  flee  when  none  pur- 
sueth  you.  18  And  if  ye  will  not  yet  for  these  things  hearken 
unto  me,  then  I  will  chastise  you  seven  times  more  for  your 
sins.  19  And  I  will  break  the  pride  of  your  power :  and  I  will 
make  your  heaven  as  iron,  and  your  earth  as  brass ;  20  and  your 
strength  shall  be  spent  in  vain ;  for  your  land  shall  not  yield 
its  increase,  neither  shall  the  trees  of  the  land  yield  their  fruit. 

21  And  if  ye  walk  contrary  unto  me,  and  will  not  hearken 
unto  me,  I  will  bring  seven  times  more  plagues  upon  you  ac- 
cording to  your  sins.  22  And  I  will  send  the  beast  of  the  field 
among  you,  which  shall  rob  you  of  your  children,  and  destroy 
your  cattle,  and  make  you  few  in  number ;  and  your  ways  shall 
become  desolate. 

23  And  if  by  these  things  ye  will  not  be  reformed  unto  me, 
but  will  walk  contrary  unto  me;  24  then  will  I  also  walk 
contrary  unto  you;  and  1  will  smite  you,  even  I,  seven  times 
for  your  sins.  25  And  I  will  bring  a  sword  upon  you,  that  shall 
execute  the  vengeance  of  the  covenant;  and  ye  shall  be  gath- 
ered together  -within  your  cities :  and  I  will  send  the  pestilence 
among  you;  and  ye  shall  be  delivered  into  the  hand  of  the 
enemy.  26  When  I  break  your  staff  of  bread,  ten  women  shall 
bake  your  bread  in  one  oven,  and  they  shall  cleliver  your  bread 
again  by  weight :  and  yo  shall  eat,  and  not  be  satisfied. 

27  And  if  ye  will  not  for  all  this  hearken  unto  me,  but  walk 
contrary  unto  me;  28  then  I  will  walk  contrary  unto  you  in 
wrath ;  and  I  also  will  chastise  you  seven  times  for  your  sins. 
29  And  ye  shall  eat  the  flesh  of  your  sons,  and  the  flesh  of  your 
daughters  shall  ye  eat.  30  And  I  will  destroy  your  high  places, 
and  cut  down  your  sun-images,  and  cast  your  dead  bodies  upon 
the  bodies  of  your  idols;  and  my  soul  shall  abhor  you.  31  And 
I  will  make  your  cities  a  waste,  and  will  bring  your  sanctuaries 
unto  desolation,  and  I  will  not  smell  the  savor  of  your  sweet 
odors.  32  And  I  will  l)ring  the  land  into  desolation;  and  your 
enemies  that  dw(41  therein  shall  be  astonished  at  it.  33  And 
you  will  I  scatter  among  the  nations,  and  1  will  draw  out  the 


312  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH     [  Lv.  26^3 

sword  after  you :  and  your  land  shall  be  a  desolation,  and  your 
cities  shall  be  a  waste. 

34  Then  shall  the  land  enjoy  its  sabbaths,  as  long  as  it  lieth 
desolate,  and  ye  are  in  your  enemies'  land;  even  then  shall 
the  land  rest,  and  enjoy  its  sabbaths.  35  As  long  as  it  lieth 
desolate  it  shall  have  rest,  even  the  rest  which  it  had  not  in  your 
sabbaths,  when  ye  dwelt  upon  it.  36  And  as  for  them  that 
are  left  of  you,  I  will  send  a  faintness  into  their  heart  in  the 
lands  of  their  enemies:  and  the  sound  of  a  driven  leaf  shall 
chase  them;  and  they  shall  flee,  as  one  fieeth  from  the  sword; 
and  they  shall  fall  when  none  pursueth.  37  And  they  shall 
stumble  one  upon  another,  as  it  were  before  the  sword,  when 
none  pursueth:  and  ye  shall  have  no  power  to  stand  before 
your  enemies.  38  And  ye  shall  perish  among  the  nations,  and 
the  land  of  your  enemies  shall  eat  you  up.  39  And  they  that 
are  left  of  you  shall  pine  away  in  their  iniquity  in  your  enemies' 
lands ;  and  also  in  the  iniquities  of  their  fathers  shall  they  pine 
away  with  them. 

40  And  they  shall  confess  their  iniquity,  and  the  iniquity  of 
their  fathers,  in  their  trespass  which  they  trespassed  against 
me,  and  also  that,  because  they  walked  contrary  unto  me, 
41  I  also  walked  contrary  unto  them,  and  brought  them  into 
the  land  of  their  enemies :  if  then  their  uncircumcised  heart  be 
humlDled,  and  they  then  accept  of  the  punishment  of  their 
iniquity;  42  then  will  I  remember  my  covenant  with  Jacob; 
and  also  my  covenant  with  Isaac,  and  also  my  covenant  with 
Abraham  will  I  remember;  and  I  will  remember  the  land. 
43  The  land  also  shall  be  left  by  them,  and  shall  enjoy  its  sab- 
baths, while  it  lieth  desolate  without  them:  and  they  shall 
accept  of  the  punishment  of  their  iniquity;  because,  even  be- 
cause they  rejected  mine  ordinances,  and  their  soul  abhorred 
my  statutes.  44  And  yet  for  all  that,  when  they  are  in  the 
land  of  their  enemies,  I  will  not  reject  them,  neither  will  I 
abhor  them,  to  destroy  them  utterly,  and  to  break  my  covenant 
with  them;  for  I  am  Jehovah  their  God;  45  but  I  will  for 
their  sakes  remember  the  covenant  of  their  ancestors,  whom  I 
brought  forth  out  of  the  land  of  Egypt  in  the  sight  of  the  na- 
tions, that  I  might  be  their  God :  I  am  Jehovah. 

46  These  are  the  statutes  and  ordinances  and  laws,  which  Jehovah 
made  between  him  and  the  children  of  Israel  in  mount  Sinai  by  Moses. 

43.  Vows,  Devoted  Things,  and  Tithes.    P47iv,  76. 
Lv.  27^-34 
1  And  Jehovah  spake   unto  Moses,  saying,     2  Speak  unto 

"  The  chapter  is  regarded  as  a  late  element  in  P  (Ps).  w.  32-33:  contrast  Neh.  lO^'-M 
1241  136.12  and  2  Ch.  316-«  (HDB.,  art.  "Tithe"). 


-2720  ]  P42ixH-P43  313 

the  children  of  Israel,  and  say  unto  them,  When  a  man  shall 
accomplish  a  vow,  the  persons  shall  be  for  Jehovah  by  thy 
estimation.  3  And  thy  estimation  shall  be  of  the  male  from 
twenty  years  old  even  unto  sixty  years  old,  even  thy  esti- 
mation shall  be  fifty  shekels  of  silver,  after  the  shekel  of  the 
sanctuary.  4  And  if  it  be  a  female,  then  thy  estimation  shall 
be  thirty  shekels.  5  And  if  it  be  from  five  y(\ars  old  even  unto 
twenty  years  old,  then  thy  estimation  shall  be  of  the  male 
twenty  shekels,  and  for  the  female  ten  shekels.  6  And  if  it  be 
from  a  month  old  even  unto  five  years  old,  then  thy  estimation 
shall  be  of  the  male  five  shekels  of  silver,  and  for  the  female 
thy  estimation  shall  be  three  shekels  of  silver.  7  And  if  it  be 
from  sixty  years  old  and  upward ;  if  it  be  a  male,  then  thy  esti- 
mation shall  be  fifteen  shekels,  and  for  the  female  ten  shekels. 
8  But  if  he  be  poorer  than  thy  estimation,  then  he  shall  be  set 
before  the  priest,  and  the  priest  shall  value  him;  according  to 
the  ability  of  him  that  vowed  shall  the  priest  value  him. 

9  And  if  it  be  a  beast,  whereof  men  offer  an  oblation  unto 
Jehovah,  all  that  any  man  giveth  of  such  unto  Jehovah  shall 
be  holy.  10  He  shall  not  alter  it,  nor  change  it,  a  good  for  a 
bad,  or  a  bad  for  a  good :  and  if  he  shall  at  all  change  beast  for 
beast,  then  both  it  and  that  for  which  it  is  changed  shall  be 
holy.  11  And  if  it  be  any  unclean  beast,  of  which  they  do  not 
offer  an  oblation  unto  Jehovah,  then  he  shall  set  the  beast 
before  the  priest;  12  and  the  priest  shall  value  it,  whether  it 
be  good  or  bad:  as  thou  the  priest  valuest  it,  so  shall  it  be. 
13  But  if  he  will  indeed  redeem  it,  then  he  shall  add  the  fifth 
part  thereof  unto  thy  estimation. 

14  And  when  a  man  shall  sanctify  his  house  to  be  holy  unto 
Jehovah,  then  the  priest  shall  estimate  it,  whether  it  be  good  or 
bad :  as  the  priest  shall  estimate  it,  so  shall  it  stand.  15  And 
if  he  that  sanctified  it  will  redeem  his  house,  then  he  shall  add 
the  fifth  part  of  the  money  of  thy  estimation  unto  it,  and  it 
shall  be  his. 

16  And  if  a  man  shall  sanctify  unto  Jehovah  part  of  the 
field  of  his  possession,  then  thy  estimation  shall  be  according 
to  the  sowing  thereof :  the  sowing  of  a  homer  of  barley  shall  be 
valued  at  fifty  shekels  of  silver.  17  If  he  sanctify  his  field  from 
the  year  of  jubilee,  according  to  thy  estimation  it  shall  stand. 
18  But  if  he  sanctify  his  field  after  the  jubilee,  then  the  priest 
shall  reckon  unto  him  the  money  according  to  the  years  that 
remain  unto  the  year  of  jubilee;  and  an  abatement  shall  be 
made  from  thy  estimation.  19  And  if  he  that  sanctified  the 
field  will  indeed  redeem  it,  then  he  shall  add  the  fifth  part  of 
the  money  of  thy  estimation  unto  it,  and  it  shall  be  assured  to 
him.    20  And  if  he  will  not  redeem  the  field,  or  if  he  have  sold 


314  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH     [  Lv.  2720 

the  field  to  another  man,  it  shall  not  be  redeemed  any  more: 
21  but  the  field,  when  it  goeth  out  in  the  jubilee,  shall  be  holy 
unto  Jehovah,  as  a  field  devoted;  the  possession  thereof  shall 
be  the  priest's.  22  And  if  he  sanctify  unto  Jehovah  a  field 
which  he  hath  bought,  which  is  not  of  the  field  of  his  possession ; 
23  then  the  priest  shall  reckon  unto  him  the  worth  of  thy  esti- 
mation unto  the  year  of  jubilee:  and  he  shall  give  thine  esti- 
mation in  that  day,  as  a  holy  thing  unto  Jehovah.  24  In  the 
year  of  jubilee  the  field  shall  return  unto  him  of  whom  it  was 
bought,  even  to  him  to  whom  the  possession  of  the  land  belong- 
eth.  25  And  all  thy  estimations  shall  be  according  to  the  shekel 
of  the  sanctuary :  twenty  gerahs  shall  be  the  shekel. 

26  Only  the  firstling  among  beasts,  which  is  made  a  firstling 
to  Jehovah,  no  man  shall  sanctify  it ;  whether  it  be  ox  or  sheep, 
it  is  Jehovah's.  27  And  if  it  be  of  an  unclean  beast,  then  he 
shall  ransom  it  according  to  thine  estimation,  and  shall  add 
unto  it  the  fifth  part  thereof :  or  if  it  be  not  redeemed,  then  it 
shall  be  sold  according  to  thy  estimation. 

28  Notwithstanding,  no  devoted  thing,  that  a  man  shall 
devote  unto  Jehovah  of  all  that  he  hath,  whether  of  man  or 
beast,  or  of  the  field  of  his  possession,  shall  be  sold  or  redeemed : 
every  devoted  thing  is  most  holy  unto  Jehovah.  29  No  one 
devoted,  that  shall  be  devoted  from  among  men,  shall  be  ran- 
somed ;  he  shall  surely  be  put  to  death. 

30  And  all  the  tithe  of  the  land,  whether  of  the  seed  of  the 
land,  or  of  the  fruit  of  the  tree,  is  Jehovah's:  it  is  holy  unto 
Jehovah.  31  And  if  a  man  will  redeem  aught  of  his  tithe,  he 
shall  add  unto  it  the  fifth  part  thereof.  32  And  all  the  tithe 
of  the  herd  or  the  flock,  whatsoever  passeth  under  the  rod,  the 
tenth  shall  be  holy  mito  Jehovah.  33  He  shall  not  search 
whether  it  be  good  or  bad,  neither  shall  he  change  it :  and  if  he 
change  it  at  all,  then  both  it  and  that  for  which  it  is  changed 
shall  be  holy ;  it  shall  not  be  redeemed. 

34  These  are  the  commandments,  which  Jehovah  commanded  Moses 
for  the  children  of  Israel  in  mount  Sinai. 

44.  The  Census  of  the  Children  of  Israel.     P70. 

Nu.  V-'* 

1  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses  in  the  ^vilderness  of  Sinai, 
in  the  tent  of  meeting,  on  the  first  day  of  the  second  month,  in 
the  second  year  after  they  were  come  out  of  the  land  of  Egypt, 
saying,  2  Take  ye  the  sum  of  all  the  congregation  of  the  chil- 
dren of  Israel,  by  their  families,  by  their  fathers'  houses,  accord- 
ing to  the  number  of  the  names,  every  male,  by  their  polls; 
3  from  twenty  years  old  and  upward,  all  that  are  able  to  go 
forth  to  war  in  Israel,  thou  and  Aaron  shall  number  them  by 


-Nu.  1"]  P43^4  315 

their  hosts.  4  And  with  you  there  shall  be  a  man  of  every  tribe ; 
every  one  head  of  his  father's  house.  5  And  these  are  the  names 
of  the  men  that  shall  stand  wdth  you.  Of  Reuben :  Elizur  the 
son  of  Shcdeur.  6  Of  Simeon:  Shelumiel  the  son  of  Zurishaddai. 
7  Of  Judah  :  Nahshon  the  son  of  Amminadab.  8  Of  Issachar: 
Nethanel  the  son  of  Zuar.  9  Of  Zebulun:  Eliab  the  son  of 
Helon.  10  Of  the  children  of  Joseph :  Of  Ephraim :  Elishama 
the  son  of  Ammihud.  Of  Manasseh:  Gamaliel  the  son  of 
Pedahzur.  11  Of  Benjamin:  Abidan  the  son  of  Gideoni.  12  Of 
Dan:  Ahiezer  the  son  of  Ammishaddai.  13  Of  Asher:  Pagiel 
the  son  of  Ochran.  14  Of  Gad:  Eliasaph  the  son  of  Deuel. 
15  Of  Naphtali :  Ahira  the  son  of  Enan.  16  These  are  they 
that  were  called  of  the  congregation,  the  princes  of  the  tribes 
of  their  fathers;  they  were  the  heads  of  the  thousands  of 
Israel.  17  And  Moses  and  Aaron  took  these  men  that  are 
mentioned  by  name:  18  and  they  assembled  all  the  congrega- 
tion together  on  the  first  day  of  the  second  month ;  and  they 
declared  their  pedigrees  after  their  families,  by  their  fathers' 
houses,  according  to  the  number  of  the  names,  from  twenty 
years  old  and  upward,  by  their  polls.  19  As  Jehovah  com- 
manded Moses,  so  he  numbered  them  in  the  wilderness  of  Sinai. 

20  And  the  children  of  Reuben,  Israel's  first-bom,  their  gen- 
erations, by  their  families,  by  their  fathers'  houses,  according 
to  the  numljer  of  the  names,  by  their  polls,  every  male  from 
twenty  years  old  and  upward,  all  that  were  able  to  go  forth  to 
war;  21  those  that  were  numbered  of  them,  of  the  tribe  of 
Reuben,  were  forty  and  six  thousand  and  five  hundred. 

22  Of  the  children  of  Simeon,  their  generations,  by  their 
families,  by  their  fathers'  houses,  those  that  were  numbered 
thereof  according  to  the  number  of  the  names,  by  their  polls, 
every  male  from  twenty  years  old  and  upward,  all  that  were  able 
to  go  forth  to  war;  23  those  that  were  numbered  of  them,  of 
the  tribe  of  Simeon,  were  fifty  and  nine  thousand  and  three 
hundred. 

24  Of  the  children  of  Gad,  their  generations,  by  their  fam- 
ilies, by  their  fathers'  houses,  according  to  the  number  of  the 
names,  from  twenty  years  old  and  upward,  all  that  were  able 
to  go  forth  to  war;  25  those  that  were  numbered  of  them,  of 
the  tribe  of  Gad,  were  forty  and  five  thousand  six  hundred 
and  fifty. 

26  Of  the  children  of  Judah,  their  generations,  by  their 
families,  by  their  fathers'  houses,  according  to  the  number  of 
the  names,  from  twenty  years  old  and  upward,  all  that  were 
able  to  go  forth  to  war;  27  those  that  were  numbered  of  th(>m, 
of  the  tribe  of  Judah,  were  threescore  and  fourteen  thousand 
and  six  hundred. 


316      SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH   [  Nu.  ps 

28  Of  the  children  of  Issachar,  their  generations,  by  their 
famihes,  by  their  fathers'  houses,  according  to  the  number  of 
the  names,  from  twenty  years  old  and  upward,  all  that  were 
able  to  go  forth  to  war ;  29  those  that  were  numbered  of  them, 
of  the  tribe  of  Issachar,  were  fifty  and  four  thousand  and  four 
hundred. 

30  Of  the  children  of  Zebulun,  their  generations,  by  their 
families,  by  their  fathers'  houses,  according  to  the  number  of 
the  names,  from  twenty  years  old  and  upward,  all  that  were 
able  to  go  forth  to  war;  31  those  that  were  numbered  of  them, 
of  the  tribe  of  Zebulun,  were  fifty  and  seven  thousand  and  four 
hundred. 

32  Of  the  children  of  Joseph,  namely,  of  the  children  of 
Ephraim,  their  generations,  by  their  families,  by  their  fathers' 
houses,  according  to  the  number  of  the  names,  from  twenty  years 
old  and  upward,  all  that  were  able  to  go  forth  to  war ;  33  those 
that  were  niunbered  of  them,  of  the  tribe  of  Ephraim,  were  forty 
thousand  and  five  hundred. 

34  Of  the  children  of  Manasseh,  their  generations,  by  their 
families,  by  their  fathers'  houses,  according  to  the  number  of 
the  names,  from  twenty  years  old  and  upward,  all  that  were 
able  to  go  forth  to  war ;  35  those  that  were  numbered  of  them, 
of  the  tribe  of  Manasseh,  were  thirty  and  two  thousand  and 
two  hundred. 

36  Of  the  children  of  Benjamin,  their  generations,  by  their 
families,  by  their  fathers'  houses,  according  to  the  number  of 
the  names,  from  twenty  years  old  and  upward,  all  that  were 
able  to  go  forth  to  war ;  37  those  that  were  numbered  of  them, 
of  the  tribe  of  Benjamin,  were  thirty  and  five  thousand  and  four 
hundred. 

38  Of  the  children  of  Dan,  their  generations,  by  their  fam- 
ilies, by  their  fathers'  houses,  according  to  the  number  of  the 
names,  from  twenty  years  old  and  upward,  all  that  were  able 
to  go  forth  to  war;  39  those  that  were  numbered  of  them,  of 
the  tribe  of  Dan,  were  threescore  and  two  thousand  and  seven 
hundred. 

40  Of  the  children  of  Asher,  their  generations,  by  their  fam- 
ilies, by  their  fathers'  houses,  according  to  the  number  of  the 
names,  from  twenty  years  old  and  upward,  all  that  were  able 
to  go  forth  to  war;  41  those  that  were  numbered  of  them,  of 
the  tribe  of  Asher,  were  forty  and  one  thousand  and  five  hmi- 
dred. 

42  Of  the  children  of  Naphtali,  their  generations,  by  their 
families,  by  their  fathers'  houses,  according  to  the  number  of 
the  names,  from  twenty  years  old  and  upward,  all  that  were  able 
to  go  forth  to  war ;  43  those  that  were  numbered  of  them,  of  the 


-2^  ]  P44-45  317 

tribe  of  Naphtali,  were  fifty  and  three  thousand  and  four 
hundred. 

44  These  are  they  that  were  numbered,  whom  Moses  and 
Aaron  numbered,  and  the  princes  of  Israel,  being  twelve  men; 
they  were  each  one  for  his  fathers'  house.  45  So  all  they 
that  were  numbered  of  the  children  of  Israel  by  their  fathers' 
houses,  from  twenty  years  old  and  upward,  all  that  were  able 
to  go  forth  to  war  in  Israel;  46  even  all  they  that  were  num- 
bered were  six  hundred  thousand  and  three  thousand  and  five 
hundred  and  fifty. 

47  But  the  Levites  after  the  tribe  of  their  fathers  were  not 
numbered  among  them.  48  For  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses, 
saying,  49  Only  the  tribe  of  Levi  thou  shalt  not  number, 
neither  shalt  thou  take  the  sum  of  them  among  the  children 
of  Israel:  50  but  appoint  thou  the  Levites  over  the  taber- 
nacle of  the  testimony,  and  over  all  the  furniture  thereof,  and 
over  all  that  belongeth  to  it:  they  shall  bear  the  tabernacle, 
and  all  the  furniture  thereof;  and  they  shall  minister  unto  it, 
and  shall  encamp  round  about  the  tabernacle.  51  And  when 
the  tabernacle  setteth  forward,  the  Levites  shall  take  it  down; 
and  when  the  tabernacle  is  to  be  pitched,  the  Levites  shall  set 
it  up :  and  the  stranger  that  cometh  nigh  shall  be  put  to  death, 
52  And  the  children  of  Israel  shall  pitch  their  tents,  every  man 
by  his  own  camp,  and  every  man  by  his  own  standard,  accord- 
ing to  their  hosts.  53  But  the  Levites  shall  encamp  round 
about  the  tabernacle  of  the  testimony,  that  there  be  no  wrath 
upon  the  congregation  of  the  children  of  Israel :  and  the  Levites 
shall  keep  the  charge  of  the  tabernacle  of  the  testimony, 
54  Thus  did  the  children  of  Israel ;  according  to  all  that  Jehovah 
conunanded  Moses,  so  did  they. 

45.  The  Camp, 

Nu.  21-34 

1  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses  and  unto  Aaron,  saying, 
2  The  children  of  Israel  shall  encamp  every  man  by  his  own 
standard,  with  the  ensigns  of  their  fathers'  houses :  over  against 
the  tent  of  meeting  shall  they  encamp  round  about.  3  And 
those  that  encamp  on  the  east  side  toward  the  sunrising  shall 
be  they  of  the  standard  of  the  camp  of  Judah,  according  to 
their  hosts:  and  the  prince  of  the  children  of  Judah  shall  be 
Nahshon  the  son  of  Amminadab.  4  And  his  host,  and  those 
that  were  numbered  of  them,  were  three  score  and  fourteen 
thousand  and  six  hundred.  5  And  those  that  encamp  next 
unto  him  shall  be  the  tribe  of  Issachar:  and  the  prince  of 
the  children  of  Issachar  shall  be  Nethanel  the  son  of  Zuar. 
6  And  his  host,  and  those  that  were  numbered  thereof,  were 


318  SOURCES   OF  THE  HEXATEUCH        [  Nu.  2^ 

fifty  and  four  thousand  and  four  hundred.  7  And  the  tribe  of 
Zebulun:  and  the  prince  of  the  children  of  Zebulun  shall  be 
Eliab  the  son  of  Helon.  8  And  his  host,  and  those  that  were 
numbered  thereof,  were  fifty  and  seven  thousand  and  four 
hundred.  9  All  that  were  numbered  of  the  camp  of  Judah 
were  a  hundred  thousand  and  fourscore  thousand  and  six 
thousand  and  four  hundred,  according  to  their  hosts.  They 
shall  set  forth  first. 

10  On  the  south  side  shall  be  the  standard  of  the  camp  of 
Reuben  according  to  their  hosts :  and  the  prince  of  the  children 
of  Reuben  shall  be  Elizur  the  son  of  Shedeur.  11  And  his 
host,  and  those  that  were  numbered  thereof,  were  forty  and  six 
thousand  and  five  hundred.  12  And  those  that  encamp  next 
unto  him  shall  be  the  tribe  of  Simeon:  and  the  prince  of  the 
children  of  Simeon  shall  be  Shelumiel  the  son  of  Zurishaddai. 
13  And  his  host,  and  those  that  were  numbered  of  them,  were 
fifty  and  nine  thousand  and  three  hundred.  14  And  the  tribe  of 
Gad:  and  the  prince  of  the  children  of  Gad  shall  be  Eliasaph 
the  son  of  Reuel.  15  And  his  host,  and  those  that  were  num- 
bered of  them,  were  forty  and  five  thousand  and  six  hundred 
and  fifty.  16  All  that  were  numbered  of  the  camp  of  Reuben 
were  a  hundred  thousand  and  fifty  and  one  thousand  and  four 
hundred  and  fifty,  according  to  their  hosts.  And  they  shall 
set  forth  second. 

17  Then  the  tent  of  meeting  shall  set  forward,  with  the  camp 
of  the  Levites  in  the  midst  of  the  camps:  as  they  encamp,  so 
shall  they  set  forward,  every  man  in  his  place,  by  their  stan- 
dards. 

18  On  the  west  side  shall  be  the  standard  of  the  camp  of 
Ephraim  according  to  their  hosts:  and  the  prince  of  the  chil- 
dren of  Ephraim  shall  be  Ehshama  the  son  of  Anunihud. 
19  And  his  host,  and  those  that  were  numbered  of  them,  were 
forty  thousand  and  five  hundred.  20  And  next  unto  him  shall 
be  the  tribe  of  Manasseh:  and  the  prince  of  the  children  of 
Manasseh  shall  be  Gamaliel  the  son  of  Pedahzur.  21  And  his 
host,  and  those  that  were  numbered  of  them,  were  thirty  and 
two  thousand  and  two  hundred.  22  And  the  tribe  of  Benjamin : 
and  the  prince  of  the  children  of  Benjamin  shall  be  Abidan  the 
son  of  Gideoni.  23  And  his  host,  and  those  that  were  nmnbered 
of  them,  were  thirty  and  five  thousand  and  four  hundred. 
24  All  that  were  numbered  of  the  camp  of  Ephraim  were  a 
hundred  thousand  and  eight  thousand  and  a  hundred,  according 
to  their  hosts.     And  they  shall  set  forth  third. 

25  On  the  north  side  shall  be  the  standard  of  the  camp  of 
Dan  according  to  their  hosts :  and  the  prince  of  the  children  of 
Dan  shall  be  Ahiezer  the  son  of  Ammishaddai.     26  And  his 


-3«  ]  P45-^6  319 

host,  and  those  that  were  numbered  of  them,  were  threescore 
and  two  thousand  and  seven  hundred.  27  And  those  that 
encamp  next  unto  him  shall  be  the  tribe  of  Ashcr :  and  the  prince 
of  the  children  of  Asher  shall  be  Pagiel  the  son  of  Ochran.  28 
And  his  host,  and  those  that  were  numbered  of  them,  were 
forty  and  one  thousand  and  five  hundred.  29  And  the  tribe 
of  Naphtali :  and  the  prince  of  the  children  of  Naphtali  shall 
be  Ahira  the  son  of  Enan.  30  And  his  host,  and  those  that  were 
numbered  of  tlu^m,  were  fifty  and  three  thousand  and  four  hun- 
dred. 31  All  that  were  numbered  of  the  camp  of  Dan  were 
a  hundred  thousand  and  fifty  and  seven  thousand  and  six 
hundred.    They  shall  set  forth  hindmost  by  their  standards. 

32  These  are  they  that  were  numbered  of  the  children  of 
Israel  by  their  fathers'  houses:  all  that  were  niunbered  of  the 
camps  according  to  their  hosts  were  six  hundred  thousand  and 
three  thousand  and  five  hundred  and  fifty.  33  But  the  Levites 
were  not  numbered  among  the  children  of  Israel ;  as  Jehovah 
commanded  Moses.  34  Thus  did  the  children  of  Israel;  ac- 
cording to  all  that  Jehovah  commanded  Moses,  so  they  en- 
camped by  their  standards,  and  so  they  set  forward,  every  one 
by  their  families,  according  to  their  fathers'  houses. 


46.  ''The  Generations  of  Aaron  and  Moses":  The  Sons 
OF  Aaron  and  the  Levites — Their  Duties.  P50, 
64,  1,  39. 

Nu.  3i-4« 
o  Now  these  are  the  generations  of  Aaron  and  Moses  in  the 
^  day  that  Jehovah  spake  with  Moses  in  mount  Sinai.  2  And 
these  are  the  names  of  the  sons  of  Aaron:  Nadab  the  first- 
bom,  and  Abihu,  Eleazar,  and  Ithamar.  3  These  are  the  names 
of  the  sons  of  Aaron,  the  priests  that  were  anointed,  whom  he 
consecrated  to  minister  in  the  pric^st's  office.  4  And  Nadab  and 
Abihu  died  before  Jehovah,  when  they  offered  strange  fire 
before  Jehovah,  in  the  wilderness  of  Sinai,  and  they  had  no 
children;  and  Eleazar  and  Ithamar  ministered  in  the  priest's 
office  in  the  presence  of  Aaron  their  father. 

5  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  6  Bring  the  tribe 
of  Levi  near,  and  set  them  before  Aaron  the  priest,  that  they 
ma}^  minister  unto  him.  7  And  they  shall  keep  his  charge,  and 
the  charge  of  the  whole  congregation  before  the  tent  of  meet- 
ing, to  do  the  service  of  the  tabernacle.  8  And  they  shall  keep 
all  the  furniture  of  the  tent  of  meeting,  and  the  charge  of  the 
children  of  Israel,  to  do  the  service  of  the  tabernacle.  9  And 
thou  shalt  give  the  Levites  unto  Aaron  and  to  his  sons:  they 
are  wholly  given  unto  him  on  the  behalf  of  the  children  of  Israel. 


320  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH      [  Nu.  3^° 

10  And  thou  shalt  appoint  Aaron  and  his  sons,  and  they  shall 
keep  their  priesthood :  and  the  stranger  that  cometh  nigh  shall 
be  put  to  death. 

11  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  12  And  I, 
behold,  I  have  taken  the  Levites  from  among  the  children  of 
Israel  instead  of  all  the  first-born  that  openeth  the  womb 
among  the  children  of  Israel;  and  the  Levites  shall  be  mine: 
13  for  all  the  first-born  are  mine;  on  the  day  that  I  smote  all 
the  first-bom  in  the  land  of  Egypt  I  hallowed  unto  me  all  the 
first-bom  in  Israel,  both  man  and  beast;  mine  they  shall  be: 
I  am  Jehovah. 

14  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses  in  the  wilderness  of  Sinai, 
saying,  15  Nimiber  the  children  of  Levi  by  their  fathers' 
houses,  by  their  families:  every  male  from  a  month  old  and 
upward  shalt  thou  number  them.  16  And  Moses  numbered 
them  according  to  the  word  of  Jehovah,  as  he  was  commanded. 
17  And  these  were  the  sons  of  Levi  by  their  names :  Gershon, 
and  Kohath,  and  Merari.  18  And  these  are  the  names  of  the 
sons  of  Gershon  by  their  families :  Libni  and  Shimei.  19  And 
the  sons  of  Kohath  by  their  families:  Amram,  and  Izhar, 
Hebron,  and  Uzziel.  20  And  the  sons  of  Merari  by  their  fam- 
ilies :  Mahli  and  Mushi.  These  are  the  families  of  the  Levites 
according  to  their  fathers'  houses. 

21  Of  Gershon  was  the  family  of  the  Libnites,  and  the  family 
of  the  Shimeites:  these  are  the  families  of  the  Gershonites. 

22  Those  that  were  numbered  of  them,  according  to  the  number 
of  all  the  males,  from  a  month  old  and  upward,  even  those  that 
were  numbered  of  them  were  seven  thousand  and  five  hundred. 

23  The  families  of  the  Gershonites  shall  encamp  behind  the 
tabemacle  westward.  24  And  the  prince  of  the  fathers'  house 
of  the  Gershonites  shall  be  Ehasaph  the  son  of  Lael.  25  And 
the  charge  of  the  sons  of  Gershon  in  the  tent  of  meeting  shall 
be  the  tabernacle,  and  the  Tent,  the  covering  thereof,  and  the 
screen  for  the  door  of  the  tent  of  meeting,  26  and  the  hangings 
of  the  court,  and  the  screen  for  the  door  of  the  court,  which  is 
by  the  tabernacle,  and  by  the  altar  round  about,  and  the  cords 
of  it  for  all  the  service  thereof. 

27  And  of  Kohath  was  the  family  of  the  Amramites,  and  the 
family  of  the  Izharites,  and  the  family  of  the  Hebronites,  and  the 
family  of  the  Uzzielites :  these  are  the  families  of  the  Kohathites. 
28  According  to  the  number  of  all  the  males,  from  a  month  old 
and  upward,  there  were  eight  thousand  and  six  hundred, 
keeping  the  charge  of  the  sanctuary.  29  The  families  of  the 
sons  of  Kohath  shall  encamp  on  the  side  of  the  tabernacle  south- 
ward. 30  And  the  prince  of  the  fathers'  house  of  the  families 
of  the  Kohathites  shall  be  Elizaphan  the  son  of  Uzziel.     31  And 


-3''^  ]  P46  321 

their  charge  shall  be  the  ark,  and  the  table,  and  the  candlestick, 
and  the  altars,  and  the  vessels  of  the  sanctuary  wherewith  they 
minister,  and  the  screen,  and  all  the  service  thereof.  32  And 
Eleazar  the  son  of  Aaron  the  priest  shall  be  prince  of  the  princes 
of  the  Levites,  and  have  the  oversight  of  them  that  keep  the 
charge  of  the  sanctuary. 

33  Of  Merari  was  the  family  of  the  Mahlites,  and  the  family 
of  the  Mushites:  these  are  the  families  of  Merari.  34  And 
those  that  were  numbered  of  them,  according  to  the  number  of 
all  the  males,  from  a  month  old  and  upward,  were  six  thousand 
and  two  hundred.  35  And  the  prince  of  the  fathers'  house  of 
the  families  of  Merari  was  Zuriel  the  son  of  Abihail :  they  shall 
encamp  on  the  side  of  the  tabernacle  northward.  3G  And  the 
appointed  charge  of  the  sons  of  Merari  shall  be  the  boards  of 
the  tabernacle,  and  the  bars  thereof,  and  the  pillars  thereof, 
and  the  sockets  thereof,  and  all  the  instruments  thereof,  and 
all  the  service  thereof,  37  and  the  pillars  of  the  court  round 
about,  and  their  sockets,  and  their  pins,  and  their  cords. 

38  And  those  that  encamp  before  the  tabernacle  eastward, 
before  the  tent  of  meeting  toward  the  sunrising,  shall  be  Moses, 
and  Aaron  and  his  sons,  keeping  the  charge  of  the  sanctuary 
for  the  charge  of  the  children  of  Israel;  and  the  stranger  that 
Cometh  nigh  shall  be  put  to  death.  39  All  that  were  numbered 
of  the  Levites,  whom  Moses  and  Aaron  numbered  at  the  com- 
mandment of  Jehovah,  by  their  families,  all  the  males  from  a 
month  old  and  upward,  were  twenty  and  two  thousand. 

40  And  Jehovah  said  unto  Moses,  Number  all  the  first-born 
males  of  the  children  of  Israel  from  a  month  old  and  upward, 
and  take  the  number  of  their  names.  41  And  thou  shalt  take 
the  Levites  for  me  (I  am  Jehovah)  instead  of  all  the  first-born 
among  the  children  of  Israel;  and  the  cattle  of  the  Levites 
instead  of  all  the  firstlings  among  the  cattle  of  the  children  of 
Israel.  42  And  Moses  numbered,  as  Jehovah  commanded  him, 
all  the  first-born  among  the  children  of  Israel.  43  And  all  the 
first-born  males  according  to  the  number  of  names,  from  a 
month  old  and  upward,  of  those  that  were  numbered  of  them, 
were  twenty  and  two  thousand  two  hundred  and  threescore 
and  thirteen. 

44  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  45  Take  the 
Levites  instead  of  all  the  first-bom  among  the  children  of  Israel, 
and  the  cattle  of  the  Levites  instead  of  their  cattle;  and  the 
Levites  shall  be  mine :  I  am  .Jehovah.  46  And  for  the  redemp- 
tion of  the  two  hundred  and  threescore  and  thirteen  of  the 
first-bom  of  the  children  of  Israel,  that  are  over  and  above  the 
number  of  the  Levites,  47  thou  shalt  take  five  shekels  apiece 
by  the  poll;   after  the  shekel  of  the  sanctuary  shalt  thou  take 


322  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH      [  Nu.  3^^ 

them  (the  shekel  is  twenty  gerahs) :  48  and  thou  shalt  give  the 
money,  wherewith  the  odd  number  of  them  is  redeemed,  unto 
Aaron  and  to  his  sons.  49  And  Moses  took  the  redemption- 
money  from  them  that  were  over  and  above  them  that  were  re- 
deemed by  the  Levites ;  50  from  the  first-born  of  the  children  of 
Israel  took  he  the  money,  a  thousand  three  hundred  and  three- 
score and  five  shekels,  after  the  shekel  of  the  sanctuary:  51  and 
Moses  gave  the  redemption-money  unto  Aaron  and  to  his  sons,  ac- 
cording to  the  word  of  Jehovah,  as  Jehovah  commanded  Moses. 
A  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses  and  unto  Aaron,  saying, 
^  2  Take  the  sum  of  the  sons  of  Kohath  from  among  the  sons 
of  Levi,  by  their  families,  by  their  fathers'  houses,  3  from 
thirty  years  old  and  upward  even  until  fifty  years  old,  all  that 
enter  upon  the  service,  to  do  the  work  in  the  tent  of  meeting. 
4  This  is  the  service  of  the  sons  of  Kohath  in  the  tent  of  meeting, 
about  the  most  holy  things :  5  when  the  camp  setteth  forward, 
Aaron  shall  go  in,  and  his  sons,  and  they  shall  take  down  the 
veil  of  the  screen,  and  cover  the  ark  of  the  testimony  with  it, 

6  and  shall  put  thereon  a  covering  of  sealskin,  and  shall  spread 
over  it  a  cloth  all  of  blue,  and  shall  put  in  the  staves  thereof. 

7  And  upon  the  table  of  showbread  they  shall  spread  a  cloth  of 
blue,  and  put  thereon  the  dishes,  and  the  spoons,  and  the  bowls 
and  the  cups  wherewith  to  pour  out;  and  the  continual  bread 
shall  be  thereon :  8  and  they  shall  spread  upon  them  a  cloth  of 
scarlet,  and  cover  the  same  with  a  covering  of  sealskin,  and  shall 
put  in  the  staves  thereof.  9  And  they  shall  take  a  cloth  of 
blue,  and  cover  the  candlestick  of  the  light,  and  its  lamps,  and  its 
snuffers,  and  its  snuffdishes,  and  all  the  oil  vessels  thereof, 
wherewith  they  minister  unto  it :  10  and  they  shall  put  it  and 
all  the  vessels  thereof  within  a  covering  of  sealskin,  and  shall 
put  it  upon  the  frame.  11  And  upon  the  golden  altar  they  shall 
spread  a  cloth  of  blue,  and  cover  it  with  a  covering  of  sealskin, 
and  shall  put  in  the  staves  thereof :  12  and  they  shall  take  all 
the  vessels  of  ministry,  wherewith  they  minister  in  the  sanctuary, 
and  put  them  in  a  cloth  of  blue,  and  cover  them  with  a  covering 
of  sealskin,  and  shall  put  them  on  the  frame.  13  And  they 
shall  take  away  the  ashes  from  the  altar,  and  spread  a  purple 
cloth  thereon:  14  And  they  shall  put  upon  it  all  the  vessels 
thereof,  wherewith  they  minister  about  it,  the  firepans,  the 
flesh-hooks,  and  the  shovels,  and  the  basins,  all  the  vessels  of  the 
altar ;  and  they  shall  spread  upon  it  a  covering  of  sealskin,  and 
put  in  the  staves  thereof.  15  And  when  Aaron  and  his  sons 
have  made  an  end  of  covering  the  sanctuary,  and  all  the  fur- 
niture of  the  sanctuary,  as  the  camp  is  to  set  forward ;  after  that, 
the  sons  of  Kohath  shall  come  to  bear  it:  but  they  shall  not 
touch  the  sanctuary,  lest  they  die.     These  things  are  the  bur- 


-433  ]  P46  323 

den  of  the  sons  of  Kohath  in  the  tent  of  meeting.  IG  And  the 
charge  of  Eleazar  the  son  of  Aaron  the  priest  shall  be  the  oil  for 
the  light,  and  the  sweet  incense,  and  the  continual  meal-offering, 
and  the  anointing  oil,  the  charge  of  all  the  tabernacle,  and  of  all 
that  therein  is,  the  sanctuary,  and  the  furniture  thereof. 

17  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses  and  unto  Aaron,  saying, 
18  Cut  ye  not  off  the  tribe  of  the  families  of  the  Kohathites 
from  among  the  Levites;  19  but  thus  do  unto  them,  that  they 
may  live,  and  not  die,  when  they  approach  unto  the  most  holy 
things :  Aaron  and  his  sons  shall  go  in,  and  appoint  them  every 
one  to  his  service  and  to  his  burden;  20  but  they  shall  not  go 
in  to  see  the  sanctuary  even  for  a  moment,  lest  they  die. 

21  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  22  Take  the  sum 
of  the  sons  of  Gershon  also,  by  their  fathers'  houses,  by  their 
families ;  23  from  thirty  years  old  and  upward  until  fifty  years 
old  shalt  thou  number  them ;  all  that  enter  in  to  wait  upon  the 
service,  to  do  the  work  in  the  tent  of  meeting.  24  This  is  the 
service  of  the  families  of  the  Gershonites,  in  serving  and  in  bear- 
ing burdens :  25  they  shall  bear  the  curtains  of  the  tabernacle, 
and  the  tent  of  meeting,  its  covering,  and  the  covering  of  seal- 
skin that  is  above  upon  it,  and  the  screen  for  the  door  of  the  tent 
of  meeting,  26  and  the  hangings  of  the  court,  and  the  screen 
for  the  door  of  the  gate  of  the  court,  which  is  by  the  tabernacle 
and  by  the  altar  round  about,  and  their  cords,  and  all  the  instru- 
ments of  their  service,  and  whatsoever  shall  be  done  with  them : 
therein  shall  they  serve.  27  At  the  commandment  of  Aaron 
and  his  sons  shall  be  all  the  service  of  the  sons  of  the  Gershon- 
ites, in  all  their  burden,  and  in  all  their  service;  and  ye  shall 
appoint  unto  them  in  charge  all  their  burden.  28  This  is  the 
service  of  the  families  of  the  sons  of  the  Gershonites  in  the  tent 
of  meeting :  and  their  charge  shall  be  under  the  hand  of  Itha- 
mar  the  son  of  Aaron  the  priest. 

29  As  for  the  sons  of  Merari,  thou  shalt  number  them  by 
their  families,  by  their  fathers'  houses;  30  from  thirty  years 
old  and  upward  even  unto  fifty  years  old  shalt  thou  number 
them,  every  one  that  entereth  upon  the  service,  to  do  the  work 
of  the  tent  of  meeting.  31  And  this  is  the  charge  of  their  burden, 
according  to  all  th  eir  service  in  the  tent  of  meeting :  the  boards 
of  the  tabernacle,  and  the  bars  thereof,  and  the  pillars  thereof, 
and  the  sockets  thereof,  32  and  the  pillars  of  the  court  round 
about,  and  their  sockets,  and  their  pins,  and  their  cords,  with 
all  their  instruments,  and  with  all  their  service:  and  by  name 
ye  shall  appoint  the  instruments  of  the  charge  of  their  burden. 
33  This  is  the  service  of  the  families  of  the  sons  of  Merari, 
according  to  all  their  service,  in  the  tent  of  meeting,  under  the 
hand  of  Ithamar  the  son  of  Aaron  the  priest. 


324  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH      [  Nu.  4^4 

34  And  Moses  and  Aaron  and  the  princes  of  the  congregation 
numbered  the  sons  of  the  Kohathites  by  their  famihes,  and  by 
their  fathers'  houses,  35  from  thirty  years  old  and  upward  even 
unto  fifty  years  old,  every  one  that  entered  upon  the  service, 
for  work  in  the  tent  of  meeting:  36  and  those  that  were  num- 
bered of  them  by  their  families  were  two  thousand  seven  hun- 
dred and  fifty.  37  These  are  they  that  were  numbered  of  the 
families  of  the  Kohathites,  all  that  did  serve  in  the  tent  of  meet- 
ing, whom  Moses  and  Aaron  numbered  according  to  the  com- 
mandment of  Jehovah  by  Moses. 

38  And  those  that  were  numbered  of  the  sons  of  Gershon, 
their  families,  and  by  their  fathers'  houses,  39  from  thirty 
years  old  and  upward  even  unto  fifty  years  old,  every  one  that 
entered  upon  the  service,  for  work  in  the  tent  of  meeting, 
40  even  those  that  were  numbered  of  them,  by  their  families, 
by  their  fathers'  houses,  were  two  thousand  and  six  hundred 
and  thirty.  41  These  are  they  that  were  numbered  of  the  fam- 
ihes of  the  sons  of  Gershon,  all  that  did  serve  in  the  tent  of 
meeting,  whom  Moses  and  Aaron  numbered  according  to  the 
commandment  of  Jehovah. 

42  And  those  that  were  numbered  of  the  families  of  the  sons 
of  Merari,  by  their  families,  by  their  fathers'  houses,  43  from 
thirty  years  old  and  upward  even  unto  fifty  years  old,  every 
one  that  entered  upon  the  service,  for  work  in  the  tent  of  meet- 
ing, 44  even  those  that  were  numbered  of  them  by  their  fam- 
ilies, were  three  thousand  and  two  hundred.  45  These  are 
they  that  were  numbered  of  the  families  of  the  sons  of  Merari, 
whom  Moses  and  Aaron  numbered  according  to  the  conunand- 
ment  of  Jehovah  by  Moses. 

46  All  those  that  were  numbered  of  the  Levites,  whom  Moses 
and  Aaron  and  the  princes  of  Israel  numbered,  by  their  families, 
and  by  their  fathers'  houses,  47  from  thirty  years  old  and  up- 
ward even  unto  fifty  years  old,  every  one  that  entered  in  to  do 
the  work  of  service,  and  the  work  of  bearing  burdens  in  the 
tent  of  meeting,  48  even  those  that  were  nimibered  of  them, 
were  eight  thousand  and  five  hundred  and  fourscore.  49  Ac- 
cording to  the  commandment  of  Jehovah  they  were  numbered 
by  Moses,  every  one  according  to  his  service,  and  according  to 
his  burden :  thus  were  they  numbered  of  him,  as  Jehovah  com- 
manded Moses. 

47.  Miscellaneous  Laws. 
Nu.  51-621 

471.  The  Unclean  without  the  Camp.    P40. 
Nu.  5'-* 
1  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,    2  Command  the 


-5^8  ]  P46-47iii  325 

children  of  Israel,  that  they  put  out  of  the  camp  every  leper, 
and  every  one  '  nat  hath  an  issue,  and  whosoever  is  unclean  by 
the  dead:  3  both  male  and  female  shall  ye  put  out,  without 
the  camp  shall  ye  put  them;  that  they  defile  not  their  camp, 
in  the  midst  whereof  I  dwell.  4  And  the  children  of  Israel  did 
so,  and  put  them  out  without  the  camp;  as  Jehovah  spake 
unto  Moses,  so  did  the  children  of  Israel. 

47ii.    Restitution  and  Atonement  for  Trespass. 

Nu.  5^-i« 

5  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  6  Speak  unto 
the  children  of  Israel,  When  a  man  or  woman  shall  commit  any 
sin  that  men  commit,  so  as  to  trespass  against  Jehovah,  and 
that  soul  shall  be  guilty;  7  then  he  shall  confess  his  sin  which 
he  hath  done :  and  he  shall  make  restitution  for  his  guilt  in  full, 
and  add  unto  it  the  fifth  part  thereof,  and  give  it  unto  him  in 
respect  of  whom  he  hath  been  guilty.  8  But  if  the  man  have 
no  kinsman  to  whom  restitution  may  be  made  for  the  guilt,  the 
restitution  for  guilt  which  is  made  unto  Jehovah  shall  be  the 
priest's ;  besides  the  ram  of  the  atonement,  whereby  atonement 
shall  be  made  for  him.  9  And  every  heave-offering  of  all  the 
holy  things  of  the  children  of  Israel,  which  they  present  unto 
the  priest,  shall  be  his.  10  And  every  man's  hallowed  things 
shall  be  his:  whatsoever  any  man  giveth  the  priest,  it  shall 
be  his. 

47iii.  Adultery. 

Nu.  511-31 

11  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  12  Speak  unto 
the  children  of  Israel,  and  say  unto  them.  If  any  man's  wife  go 
aside,  and  commit  a  trespass  against  him,  13  and  a  man  lie 
with  her  carnally,  and  it  be  hid  from  the  eyes  of  her  husband, 
and  be  kept  close,  and  she  be  defiled,  and  there  be  no  witness 
against  her,  and  she  be  not  taken  in  the  act ;  14  and  the  spirit 
of  jealousy  come  upon  him,  and  he  be  jealous  of  his  wife,  and 
she  be  defiled :  or  if  the  spirit  of  jealousy  come  upon  him,  and 
he  be  jealous  of  his  wife,  and  she  be  not  defiled :  15  then  shall 
the  man  bring  his  wife  unto  the  priest,  and  shall  bring  her  obla- 
tion for  her,  the  tenth  part  of  an  cphah  of  barley  meal ;  he  shall 
pour  no  oil  upon  it,  nor  put  frankincense  thereon;  for  it  is  a 
meal-offering  of  jealousy,  a  meal-offering  of  memorial,  bringing 
iniquity  to  remembrance. 

16  And  the  priest  shall  bring  her  near,  and  set  her  before 
Jehovah :  17  and  the  priest  shall  take  holy  water  in  an  earthen 
vessel;  and  of  the  dust  that  is  on  the  floor  of  the  tabernacle 
the  priest  shall  take,  and  put  it  into  the  water.     18  And  the 


326  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH      [  Nu.  S^^ 

priest  shall  set  the  woman  before  Jehovah,  and  let  the  hair  of 
the  woman's  head  go  loose,  and  put  the  meal-offering  of  memo- 
rial in  her  hands,  which  is  the  meal-offering  of  jealousy :  and  the 
priest  shall  have  in  his  hand  the  water  of  bitterness  that  causeth 
the  curse.  19  And  the  priest  shall  cause  her  to  swear,  and  shall 
say  unto  the  woman,  If  no  man  have  lain  with  thee,  and  if  thou 
have  not  gone  aside  to  uncleanness,  being  under  thy  husband, 
be  thou  free  from  this  water  of  bitterness  that  causeth  the  curse. 
20  But  if  thou  have  gone  aside,  being  under  thy  husband,  and 
if  thou  be  defiled,  and  some  man  have  lain  with  thee  besides 
thy  husband:  21  then  the  priest  shall  cause  the  woman  to 
swear  with  the  oath  of  cursing,  and  the  priest  shall  say  unto  the 
woman,  Jehovah  make  thee  a  curse  and  an  oath  among  thy 
people,  when  Jehovah  doth  make  thy  thigh  to  fall  away,  and  thy 
body  to  swell;  22  and  this  water  that  causeth  the  curse  shall 
go  into  thy  bowels,  and  make  thy  body  to  swell,  and  thy  thigh 
to  fall  away.    And  the  woman  shall  say.  Amen,  Amen. 

23  And  the  priest  shall  write  these  curses  in  a  book,  and  he 
shall  blot  them  out  into  the  water  of  bitterness :  24  and  he  shall 
make  the  woman  drink  the  water  of  bitterness  that  causeth  the 
curse ;  and  the  water  that  causeth  the  curse  shall  enter  into  her 
and  become  bitter.  25  And  the  priest  shall  take  the  meal-offer- 
ing of  jealousy  out  of  the  woman's  hand,  and  shall  wave  the 
meal-offering  before  Jehovah,  and  bring  it  unto  the  altar :  26  and 
the  priest  shall  take  a  handful  of  the  meal-offering,  as  the  memo- 
rial thereof,  and  burn  it  upon  the  altar,  and  afterward  shall 
make  the  woman  drink  the  water.  27  And  when  he  hath  made 
her  drink  the  water,  then  it  shall  come  to  pass,  if  she  be  defiled, 
and  have  committed  a  trespass  against  her  husband,  that  the 
water  that  causeth  the  curse  shall  enter  into  her  and  become 
bitter,  and  her  body  shall  swell,  and  her  thigh  shall  fall  away : 
and  the  woman  shall  be  a  curse  among  her  people.  28  And 
if  the  woman  be  not  defiled,  but  be  clean ;  then  she  shall  be  free, 
and  shall  conceive  seed. 

29  This  is  the  law  of  jealousy,  when  a  wife,  being  under  her 
husband,  goeth  aside,  and  is  defiled;  30  or  when  the  spirit  of 
jealousy  cometh  upon  a  man,  and  he  is  jealous  of  his  wife;  then 
shall  he  set  the  woman  before  Jehovah,  and  the  priest  shall 
execute  upon  her  all  this  law.  31  And  the  man  shall  be  free 
from  iniquity,  and  that  woman  shall  bear  her  iniquity. 

47iv.  The  Nazirite  Vow.    Jg.  13^'  W.  Am.  2^^-'\    Lam.  4'. 

Nu.  61-21 

1  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  2  Speak  unto 
the  children  of  Israel,  and  say  unto  them.  When  either  man  or 
woman  shall  make  a  special  vow,  the  vow  of  a  Nazirite,  to  sep- 


-6^9  ]  P47iii-iv  327 

arate  himself  unto  Jehovah,  3  he  shall  separate  himself  from 
wine  and  strong  drink;  he  shall  drink  no  vinegar  of  wine,  or 
vinegar  of  strong  drink,  neither  shall  he  drink  any  juice  of 
grapes, nor  eat  fresh  grapes  or  dried.  4  All  the  days  of  his  separa- 
tion shall  he  eat  nothing  that  is  made  of  the  grape-vine,  from 
the  kernels  even  to  the  husk. 

5  All  the  days  of  his  vow  of  separation  there  shall  no  razor 
come  upon  his  head:  until  the  days  be  fulfilled,  in  which  he 
separateth  himself  unto  Jehovah,  he  shall  be  holy;  he  shall  let 
the  locks  of  the  hair  of  his  head  grow  long. 

6  All  the  days  that  he  separateth  himself  unto  Jehovah  he 
shall  not  come  near  to  a  dead  body.  7  He  shall  not  make  him- 
self unclean  for  his  father,  or  for  his  mother,  for  his  brother,  or 
for  his  sister,  when  they  die ;  because  his  separation  unto  God  is 
upon  his  head.  8  All  the  days  of  his  separation  he  is  holy  unto 
Jehovah. 

9  And  if  any  man  die  very  suddenly  beside  him,  and  he  defile 
the  head  of  his  separation ;  then  he  shall  shave  his  head  in  the 
day  of  his  cleansing,  on  the  seventh  day  shall  he  shave  it.  10  And 
on  the  eighth  day  he  shall  bring  two  turtle-doves,  or  two  young 
pigeons,  to  the  priest,  to  the  door  of  the  tent  of  meeting :  11  and 
the  priest  shall  offer  one  for  a  sin-offering,  and  the  other  for 
a  burnt-offering,  and  make  atonement  for  him,  for  that  he 
sinned  by  reason  of  the  dead,  and  shall  hallow  his  head  that 
same  day.  12  And  he  shall  separate  unto  Jehovah  the  days  of 
his  separation,  and  shall  bring  a  he-lamb  a  year  old  for  a  tres- 
pass-offering:  but  the  former  days  shall  be  void,  because  his 
separation  was  defiled. 

13  And  this  is  the  law  of  the  Nazirite,  when  the  days  of  his 
separation  are  fulfilled :  he  shall  be  brought  unto  the  door  of 
the  tent  of  meeting:  14  and  he  shall  offer  his  oblation  unto 
Jehovah,  one  he-lamb  a  year  old  without  blemish  for  a  burnt- 
offering,  and  one  ewe-lamb  a  year  old  without  blemish  for  a  sin- 
offering,  and  one  ram  without  blemish  for  peace-offerings, 
15  and  a  basket  of  unleavened  bread,  cakes  of  fine  flour  mingled 
with  oil,  and  unleavened  wafers  anointed  with  oil,  and  their 
meal-offering,  and  their  drink-offerings.  16  And  the  priest 
shall  present  them  before  Jehovah,  and  shall  offer  his  sin-offer- 
ing, and  his  burnt-offering:  17  and  he  shall  offer  the  ram  for  a 
sacrifice  of  peace-offerings  unto  Jehovah,  with  the  basket  of 
unleavened  bread :  the  priest  shall  offer  also  the  meal-offering 
thereof,  and  the  drink-offc^ring  thereof.  18  And  the  Nazirite 
shall  shave  the  head  of  his  separation  at  the  door  of  the  tent 
of  meeting,  and  shall  take  the  hair  of  the  head  of  his  separa- 
tion, and  put  it  on  the  fire  which  is  under  the  sacrifice  of  peace- 
offerings.     19  And  the  priest  shall  take  the  boiled  shoulder 


328  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH      [  Nu.  G^^ 

of  the  ram,  and  one  unleavened  cake  out  of  the  basket,  and  one 
unleavened  wafer,  and  shall  put  them  upon  the  hands  of  the 
Nazirite,  after  he  hath  shaven  the  head  of  his  separation ;  20  and 
the  priest  shall  wave  them  for  a  wave-offering  before  Jehovah ; 
this  is  holy  for  the  priest,  together  with  the  wave-breast  and 
heave-thigh :  and  after  that  the  Nazirite  may  drink  wine. 

21  This  is  the  law  of  the  Nazirite  who  voweth,  and  of  his  obla- 
tion unto  Jehovah  for  his  separation,  besides  that  which  he  is 
able  to  get :  according  to  his  vow  which  he  voweth,  so  he  must  do 
after  the  law  of  his  separation. 

48.  The  Aaronic  Blessing. 

NU.   622-27 

22  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  23  Speak  unto 
Aaron  and  unto  his  sons,  saying.  On  this  wise  ye  shall  bless  the 
children  of  Israel :  ye  shall  say  unto  them, 

24  Jehovah  bless  thee,  and  keep  thee : 

25  Jehovah  make  his  face  to  shine  upon  thee,  and  be  gracious 
unto  thee : 

26  Jehovah  lift  up  his  countenance  upon  thee,  and  give  thee 
peace. 

27  So  shall  they  put  my  name  upon  the  children  of  Israel; 
and  I  will  bless  them. 

49.  The  Offering  of  the  Princes  of  Israel. 
Nu.  71-88 

1  And  it  came  to  pass  on  the  day  that  Moses  had  made  an 
end  of  setting  up  the  tabernacle,  and  had  anointed  it  and  sanc- 
tified it,  and  all  the  furniture  thereof,  and  the  altar  and  all  the 
vessels  thereof,  and  had  anointed  them  and  sanctified  them; 
2  that  the  princes  of  Israel,  the  heads  of  their  fathers'  houses, 
offered.  These  were  the  princes  of  the  tribes,  these  are  they 
that  were  over  them  that  were  numbered :  3  and  they  brought 
their  oblation  before  Jehovah,  six  covered  wagons,  and  twelve 
oxen ;  a  wagon  for  every  two  of  the  princes,  and  for  each  one  an 
ox:  and  they  presented  them  before  the  tabernacle.  4  And 
Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  5  Take  it  of  them,  that 
they  may  be  used  in  doing  the  service  of  the  tent  of  meeting ; 
and  thou  shalt  give  them  unto  the  Levites,  to  every  man  accord- 
ing to  his  service.  6  And  Moses  took  the  wagons  and  the  oxen, 
and  gave  them  unto  the  Levites.  7  Two  wagons  and  four  oxen 
he  gave  unto  the  sons  of  Gershon,  according  to  their  service: 
8  and  four  wagons  and  eight  oxen  he  gave  unto  the  sons  of  Me- 
rari,  according  unto  their  service,  under  the  hand  of  Ithamar 
the  son  of  Aaron  the  priest.  9  But  unto  the  sons  of  Kohath  he 
gave  none,  because  the  service  of  the  sanctuary  belonged  unto 


-733  ]  P47iv^9  329 

them ;  they  bare  it  upon  their  shoulders.  10  And  the  princes 
offered  for  the  dedication  of  the  altar  in  the  day  that  it  was 
anointed,  even  the  princes  offered  their  oblation  before  the 
altar.  11  And  Jehovah  said  unto  Moses,  They  shall  offer  their 
oblation,  each  prince  on  his  day,  for  the  dedication  of  the 
altar. 

12  And  he  that  offered  his  oblation  the  first  day  was  Nahshon 
the  son  of  Amminadab,  of  the  tribe  of  Judah :  13  and  his  obla- 
tion was  one  silver  platter,  the  weight  whereof  was  a  hundred  and 
thirty  shekels,  one  silver  bowl  of  seventy  shekels,  after  the  shekel 
of  the  sanctuary ;  both  of  them  full  of  fine  flour  mingled  with 
oil  for  a  meal-offering;  14  one  golden  spoon  of  ten  shekels,  full  of 
incense;  15  one  young  bullock,  one  ram,  one  he-lamb  a  year 
old,  for  a  burnt-offering;  16  one  male  of  the  goats  for  a  sin- 
offering;  17  and  for  the  sacrifice  of  peace  offerings,  two  oxen, 
five  rams,  five  he-goats,  five  he-lambs  a  year  old :  this  was  the 
oblation  of  Nahshon  the  son  of  Amminadab. 

18  On  the  second  day  Nethanel  the  son  of  Zuar,  prince  of 
Issachar,  did  offer:  19  he  offered  for  his  oblation  one  silver 
platter,  the  weight  whereof  was  a  hundred  and  thirty  shekels, 
one  silver  bowl  of  seventy  shekels,  after  the  shekel  of  the  sanc- 
tuary ;  both  of  them  full  of  fine  flour  mingled  with  oil  for  a  meal- 
offering  ;  20  one  golden  spoon  of  ten  shekels,  full  of  incense ;  21 
one  young  bullock,  one  ram,  one  he-lamb  a  year  old,  for  a  burnt- 
offering  ;  22  one  male  of  the  goats  for  a  sin-offering ;  23  and  for 
the  sacrifice  of  peace-offerings,  two  oxen,  five  rams,  five  he- 
goats,  five  he-lambs  a  year  old:  this  was  the  oblation  of  Ne- 
thanel the  son  of  Zuar. 

24  On  the  third  day  Eliab  the  son  of  Helon,  prince  of  the 
children  of  Zebulun:  25  his  oblation  was  one  silver  platter, 
the  weight  whereof  was  a  hundred  and  thirty  shekels,  one  silver 
bowl  of  seventy  shekels,  after  the  shekel  of  the  sanctuary ;  both 
of  them  full  of  fine  flour  mingled  with  oil  for  a  meal-offering ; 
26  one  golden  spoon  of  ten  shekels,  full  of  incense;  27  one 
young  bullock,  one  ram,  one  he-lamb  a  year  old,  for  a  burnt- 
offering;  28  one  male  of  the  goats  for  a  sin-offering;  29  and 
for  the  sacrifice  of  peace-offerings,  two  oxen,  five  rams,  five  he- 
goats,  five  he-lambs  a  year  old :  this  was  the  oblation  of  Eliab 
the  son  of  Helon. 

30  On  the  fourth  day  Elizur  the  son  of  Shcdeur,  prince  of  the 
children  of  Reuben;  31  his  oblation  was  one  silver  platter,  the 
weight  whereof  was  a  hundred  and  thirty  shekels,  one  silver 
bowl  of  seventy  shekels,  after  the  shekel  of  the  sanctuary; 
both  of  them  full  of  fine  flour  mingled  with  oil  for  a  meal-offer- 
ing ;  32  one  golden  spoon  of  ten  shekels,  full  of  incense ;  33  one 
young  bullock,  one  ram,  one  he-lamb  a  year  old,  for  a  burnt- 


330  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH      [  Nu.  7^3 

offering ;  34  one  male  of  the  goats  for  a  sin-offering ;  35  and  for 
the  sacrifice  of  peace-offerings,  two  oxen,  five  rams,  five  he- 
goats,  five  he-lambs  a  year  old :  this  was  the  oblation  of  Elizur 
the  son  of  Shedeur. 

36  On  the  fifth  day  Shelumiel  the  son  of  Zurishaddai,  prince 
of  the  children  of  Simeon :  37  his  oblation  was  one  silver  platter, 
the  weight  whereof  was  a  hundred  and  thirty  shekels,  one  silver 
bowl  of  seventy  shekels,  after  the  shekel  of  the  sanctuary ;  both 
of  them  full  of  fine  flour  mingled  with  oil  for  a  meal-offering; 
38  one  golden  spoon  of  ten  shekels,  full  of  incense;  39  one 
young  bullock,  one  ram,  one  he-lamb  a  year  old,  for  a  burnt- 
offering;  40  one  male  of  the  goats  for  a  sin-offering;  41  and 
for  the  sacrifice  of  peace-offerings,  two  oxen,  five  rams,  five  he- 
goats,  five  he-lambs  a  year  old :  this  was  the  oblation  of  Shelu- 
miel the  son  of  Zurishaddai. 

42  On  the  sixth  day  Eliasaph  the  son  of  Deuel,  prince  of  the 
children  of  Gad:  43  his  oblation  was  one  silver  platter,  the 
weight  whereof  was  a  hundred  and  thirty  shekels,  one  silver 
bowl  of  seventy  shekels,  after  the  shekel  of  the  sanctuary ;  both 
of  them  full  of  fine  flour  mingled  with  oil  for  a  meal-offering; 
44  one  golden  spoon  of  ten  shekels,  full  of  incense;  45  one 
young  bullock,  one  ram,  one  he-lamb  a  year  old,  for  a  burnt- 
offering  ;  46  one  male  of  the  goats  for  a  sin-offering ;  47  and  for 
the  sacrifice  of  peace-offerings,  two  oxen,  five  rams,  five  he- 
goats,  five  he-lambs  a  year  old :  this  was  the  oblation  of  Eliasaph 
the  son  of  Deuel. 

48  On  the  seventh  day  Elishama  the  son  of  Ammihud,  prince 
of  the  children  of  Ephraim :  49  his  oblation  was  one  silver  plat- 
ter, the  weight  whereof  was  a  hundred  and  thirty  shekels,  one 
silver  bowl  of  seventy  shekels,  after  the  shekel  of  the  sanctuary ; 
both  of  them  full  of  fine  flour  mingled  with  oil  for  a  meal-offering; 
50  one  golden  spoon  of  ten  shekels,  full  of  incense;  51  one  young 
bullock,  one  ram,  one  he-lamb  a  year  old,  for  a  burnt-offering; 
52  one  male  of  the  goats  for  a  sin-offering ;  53  and  for  the  sacri- 
fice of  peace  offerings,  two  oxen,  five  rams,  five  he-goats,  five 
he-lambs  a  year  old :  this  was  the  oblation  of  Elishama  the  son 
of  Ammihud. 

54  On  the  eighth  day  Gamaliel  the  son  of  Pedahzur,  prince 
of  the  children  of  Manasseh:  55  his  oblation  was  one  silver 
platter,  the  weight  whereof  was  a  hundred  and  thirty  shekels, 
one  silver  bowl  of  seventy  shekels,  after  the  shekel  of  the  sanc- 
tuary; both  of  them  full  of  fine  flour  mingled  with  oil  for  a 
meal-offering;  56  one  golden  spoon  of  ten  shekels,  full  of  in- 
cense ;  57  one  young  bullock,  one  ram,  one  he-lamb,  a  year  old, 
for  a  burnt-offering ;  58  one  male  of  the  goats  for  a  sin-offering ; 
59  and  for  the  sacrifice  of  peace-offerings,  two  oxen,  five  rams, 


-783  ]  P49  331 

five  he-goats,  five  he-lambs  a  year  old :  this  was  the  oblation  of 
Gamaliel  the  son  of  Pedahzur. 

60  On  the  ninth  day  Abidan  the  son  of  Gideoni,  prince  of  the 
children  of  Benjamin:  61  his  oblation  was  one  silver  platter, 
the  weight  wh(>reof  was  a  hundred  and  thirty  shekels,  one  silver 
bowl  of  seventy  shekels,  after  the  shekel  of  the  sanctuary ;  both 
of  them  full  of  fine  flour  mingled  with  oil  for  a  meal-offering; 
62  one  golden  spoon  of  ten  shekels,  full  of  incense ;  63  one  young 
bullock,  one  ram,  one  he-lamb  a  year  old,  for  a  burnt-offering; 
64  one  male  of  the  goats  for  a  sin  offering ;  65  and  for  the  sacri- 
fice of  peace-offerings,  two  oxen,  five  rams,  five  he-goats,  five 
he-lambs  a  year  old :  this  was  the  oblation  of  Abidan  the  son 
of  Gideoni. 

66  On  the  tenth  day  Ahiezer  the  son  of  Ammishaddai,  prince 
of  the  children  of  Dan :  67  his  oblation  was  one  silver  platter, 
the  weight  whereof  was  a  hundred  and  thirty  shekels,  one  silver 
bowl  of  seventy  shekels,  after  the  shekel  of  the  sanctuary ;  both 
of  them  full  of  fine  flour  mingled  with  oil  for  a  meal-offering; 
68  one  golden  spoon  of  ten  shekels,  full  of  incense ;  69  one  young 
bullock,  one  ram,  one  he-lamb  a  year  old,  for  a  burnt-offering; 
70  one  male  of  the  goats  for  a  sin-offering ;  71  and  for  the  sacri- 
fice of  peace-offerings,  two  oxen,  five  rams,  five  he-goats,  five 
he-lambs  a  year  old :  this  was  the  oblation  of  Ahiezer  the  son 
of  Ammishaddai. 

72  On  the  eleventh  day  Pagiel  the  son  of  Ochran,  prince  of 
the  children  of  Asher:  73  his  oblation  was  one  silver  platter, 
the  weight  whereof  was  a  hundred  and  thirty  shekels,  one  silver 
bowl  of  seventy  shekels,  after  the  shekel  of  the  sanctuary ;  both 
of  them  full  of  fine  flour  mingled  with  oil  for  a  meal-offering; 
74  one  golden  spoon  of  ten  shekels,  full  of  incense ;  75  one  young 
bullock,  one  ram,  one  he-lamb  a  year  old,  for  a  burnt-offering; 
76  one  male  of  the  goats  for  a  sin-offering;  77  and  for  the  sacri- 
fice of  peace-offerings,  two  oxen,  five  rams,  five  he-goats,  five 
he-lambs  a  year  old:  this  was  the  oblation  of  Pagiel  the  son  of 
Ochran. 

78  On  the  twelfth  day  Ahira  the  son  of  Enan,  prince  of  the 
children  of  Naphtali :  79  his  oblation  was  one  silver  platter,  the 
weight  whereof  was  a  hundred  and  thirty  shekels,  one  silver 
bowl  of  seventy  shekels,  after  the  shekel  of  the  sanctuary ;  both 
of  them  full  of  fine  flour  mingU^l  with  oil  for  a  meal-offering; 
80  on(^  golden  s])o()n  of  ten  shekels,  full  of  incense;  81  one 
young  bullock,  one  ram,  one  he-lamb  a  year  old,  for  a  burnt- 
offering  ;  82  one  male  of  the  goats  for  a  sin-offering ;  83  and  for 
the  sacrifice  of  peace-offerings,  two  oxen,  five  nmis,  five  he- 
goats,  five  he-lambs  a  year  old :  this  was  the  oblation  of  Ahira 
the  son  of  Enan. 


332  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH      [  Nu.  T^^ 

84  This  was  the  dedication  of  the  altar,  in  the  day  when 
it  was  anointed,  by  the  princes  of  Israel :  twelve  silver  platters, 
twelve  silver  bowls,  twelve  golden  spoons ;  85  each  silver  plat- 
ter weighing  a  hundred  and  thirty  shekels,  and  each  bowl  sev- 
enty ;  all  the  silver  of  the  vessels  two  thousand  and  four  hundred 
shekels,  after  the  shekel  of  the  sanctuary ;  86  the  twelve  golden 
spoons,  full  of  incense,  weighing  ten  shekels  apiece,  after  the 
shekel  of  the  sanctuary;  all  the  gold  of  the  spoons  a  hundred 
and  twenty  shekels;  87  all  the  oxen  for  the  burnt-offering 
twelve  bullocks,  the  rams  twelve,  the  he-lambs  a  year  old 
twelve,  and  their  meal-offering;  and  the  males  of  the  goats 
for  a  sin-offering  twelve;  88  and  all  the  oxen  for  the  sacrifice 
of  peace-offerings  twenty  and  four  bullocks,  the  rams  sixty, 
the  he-goats  sixty,  the  he-lambs  a  year  old  sixty.  This  was  the 
dedication  of  the  altar,  after  that  it  was  anointed. 

50.  Purification  of  the  Levites.    P46. 

Nu.  783-826 

7^3  And  when  Moses  went  into  the  tent  of  meeting  to  speak 
with  him,  then  he  heard  the  Voice  speaking  unto  him  from 
above  the  mercy-seat  that  was  upon  the  ark  of  the  testimony, 
from  between  the  two  cherubim :  and  he  spake  unto  him. 

8^  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  2  Speak  unto 
Aaron,  and  say  unto  him,  When  thou  lightest  the  lamps,  the 
seven  lamps  shall  give  light  in  front  of  the  candlestick.  3  And 
Aaron  did  so;  he  lighted  the  lamps  thereof  so  as  to  give  light 
in  front  of  the  candlestick,  as  Jehovah  commanded  Moses. 
4  And  this  was  the  work  of  the  candlestick,  beaten  work  of 
gold ;  unto  the  base  thereof,  and  unto  the  flowers  thereof,  it  was 
beaten  work:  according  unto  the  pattern  which  Jehovah  had 
showed  Moses,  so  he  made  the  candlestick. 

5  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  6  Take  the 
Levites  from  among  the  children  of  Israel,  and  cleanse  them. 
7  And  thus  shalt  thou  do  unto  them,  to  cleanse  them :  sprinkle 
the  water  of  expiation  upon  them,  and  let  them  cause  a  razor 
to  pass  over  all  their  flesh,  and  let  them  wash  their  clothes,  and 
cleanse  themselves.  8  Then  let  them  take  a  young  bullock, 
and  its  meal-offering,  fine  flour  mingled  with  oil;  and  another 
young  bullock  shalt  thou  take  for  a  sin-offering.  9  And  thou 
shalt  present  the  Levites  before  the  tent  of  meeting :  and  thou 
shalt  assemble  the  whole  congregation  of  the  children  of  Israel : 

10  and  thou  shalt  present  the  Levites  before  Jehovah.  And 
the  children  of  Israel  shall  lay  their  hands  upon  the  Levites: 

11  and  Aaron  shall  offer  the  Levites  before  Jehovah  for  a  wave- 
offering,  on  the  behalf  of  the  children  of  Israel,  that  it  may  be 
theirs  to  do  the  service  of  Jehovah.    12  And  the  Levites  shall 


-92 ]  P49-51  333 

lay  their  hands  upon  the  heads  of  the  bullocks :  and  offer  thou 
the  one  for  a  sin-offering,  and  the  other  for  a  bumt-offering, 
unto  Jehovah,  to  make  atonement  for  the  Levites.  13  And 
thou  shalt  set  the  Levites  before  Aaron,  and  before  his  sons, 
and  offer  them  for  a  wave-offering  unto  Jehovah. 

14  Thus  shalt  thou  separate  the  Levites  from  among  the 
children  of  Israel;  and  the  Levites  shall  be  mine.  15  And 
after  that  shall  the  Levites  go  in  to  do  the  service  of  the  tent 
of  meeting:  and  thou  shalt  cleanse  them,  and  offer  them  for 
a  wave-offering.  16  For  they  are  wholly  given  unto  me  from 
among  the  children  of  Israel;  instead  of  all  that  openeth  the 
womb,  even  the  first-bom  of  all  the  children  of  Israel,  have  I 
taken  them  unto  me.  17  For  all  the  first-bom  among  the 
children  of  Israel  are  mine,  both  man  and  beast:  on  the  day 
that  I  smote  all  the  first-bom  in  the  land  of  Egypt  I  sanctified 
them  for  myself.  18  And  I  have  taken  the  Levites  instead  of 
all  the  first-bom  among  the  children  of  Israel.  19  And  I  have 
given  the  Levites  as  a  gift  to  Aaron  and  to  his  sons  from  among 
the  children  of  Israel,  to  do  the  service  of  the  children  of  Israel 
in  the  tent  of  meeting,  and  to  make  atonement  for  the  children 
of  Israel ;  that  there  be  no  plague  among  the  children  of  Israel, 
when  the  children  of  Israel  come  nigh  unto  the  sanctuary. 

20  Thus  did  Moses,  and  Aaron,  and  all  the  congregation  of 
the  children  of  Israel,  unto  the  Levites:  according  unto  all 
that  Jehovah  cormnanded  Moses  touching  the  Levites,  so  did 
the  children  of  Israel  unto  them.  21  And  the  Levites  purified 
themselves  from  sin,  and  they  washed  their  clothes :  and  Aaron 
offered  them  for  a  wave-offering  before  Jehovah;  and  Aaron 
made  atonement  for  them  to  cleanse  them.  22  And  after  that 
went  the  Levites  in  to  do  their  service  in  the  tent  of  meeting 
before  Aaron,  and  before  his  sons :  as  Jehovah  had  commanded 
Mosas  concerning  the  Levites,  so  did  they  unto  them. 

23  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  24  This  is  that 
which  belongeth  unto  the  Levites:  from  twenty  and  five 
years  old  and  upward  they  shall  go  in  to  wait  upon  the  service 
in  the  work  of  the  tent  of  meeting :  25  and  from  the  age  of  fifty 
years  they  shall  cease  waiting  upon  the  work,  and  shall  serve  no 
more,  26  but  shall  minister  with  their  brethren  in  the  tent  of 
meeting,  to  keep  the  charge,  and  shall  do  no  service.  Thus 
shalt  thou  do  unto  the  Levites  touching  their  charges. 

51.  The  Law  of  the  Passover.     J26ix.     P23v. 

Nu.  91-14 

1  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses  in  the  wilderness  of  Sinai, 
in  the  first  month  of  the  second  year  after  they  were  come  out 
of  the  land  of  Egypt,  saying,  2  Moreover  let  the  children  of 


334  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH       [  Nu.  9^ 

Israel  keep  the  passover  in  its  appointed  season.  3  In  the 
fourteenth  day  of  this  month,  at  even,  ye  shall  keep  it  in  its 
appointed  season:  according  to  all  the  statutes  of  it,  and 
according  to  all  the  ordinances  thereof,  shall  ye  keep  it.  4  And 
Moses  spake  unto  the  children  of  Israel,  that  they  should  keep 
the  passover.  5  And  they  kept  the  passover  in  the  first  month, 
on  the  fourteenth  day  of  the  month,  at  even,  in  the  wilderness 
of  Sinai:  according  to  all  that  Jehovah  commanded  Moses, 
so  did  the  children  of  Israel.  6  And  there  were  certain  men, 
who  were  unclean  by  reason  of  the  dead  body  of  a  man,  so  that 
they  could  not  keep  the  passover  on  that  day:  and  they  came 
before  Moses  and  before  Aaron  on  that  day :  7  and  those  men 
said  unto  him,  We  are  unclean  by  reason  of  the  dead  body  of 
a  man:  wherefore  are  we  kept  back,  that  we  may  not  offer 
the  oblation  of  Jehovah  in  its  appointed  season  among  the 
children  of  Israel?  8  And  Moses  said  unto  them.  Stay  ye, 
that  I  may  hear  what  Jehovah  will  command  concerning 
you. 

9  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  10  Speak  unto 
the  children  of  Israel,  saying.  If  any  man  of  you  or  of  your 
generations  shall  be  unclean  by  reason  of  a  dead  body,  or  be 
on  a  journey  afar  off,  yet  he  shall  keep  the  passover  unto  Jeho- 
vah. 11  In  the  second  month  on  the  fourteenth  day  at  even 
they  shall  keep  it ;  they  shall  eat  it  with  unleavened  bread  and 
bitter  herbs:  12  they  shall  leave  none  of  it  unto  the  morning, 
nor  break  a  bone  thereof:  according  to  all  the  statute  of  the 
passover  they  shall  keep  it.  13  But  the  man  that  is  clean, 
and  is  not  on  a  journey,  and  forbeareth  to  keep  the  passover, 
that  soul  shall  be  cut  off  from  his  people;  because  he  offered 
not  the  oblation  of  Jehovah  in  its  appointed  season,  that  man 
shall  bear  his  sin.  14  And  if  a  stranger  shall  sojourn  among 
you,  and  will  keep  the  passover  unto  Jehovah;  according  to 
the  statute  of  the  passover,  and  according  to  the  ordinance 
thereof,  so  shall  he  do :  ye  shall  have  one  statute,  both  for  the 
sojourner,  and  for  him  that  is  born  in  the  land. 

52.  The  Cloud  on  the  Tabernacle.    P36. 

Nu.  915-23 

15  And  on  the  day  that  the  tabernacle  was  reared  up  the 
cloud  covered  the  tabernacle,  even  the  tent  of  the  testimony: 
and  at  even  it  was  upon  the  tabernacle  as  it  were  the  appear- 
ance of  fire,  until  morning.  16  So  it  was  alway :  the  cloud  cov- 
ered it,  and  the  appearance  of  fire  by  night.  17  And  whenever 
the  cloud  was  taken  up  from  over  the  Tent,  then  after  that  the 
children  of  Israel  journeyed :  and  in  the  place  where  the  cloud 
abode,  there  the  children  of  Israel  encamped.     18  At  the  com- 


-lO'"  ]  P51-53  335 

mandment  of  Jcliovah  the  children  of  Israel  journeyed,  and 
at  the  connnandmcint  of  Jehovah  they  encamped :  as  long  as 
the  cloud  abode  upon  the  tabernacle  they  'remained  encamped. 
19  And  when  the  cloud  tarried  upon  the  tabernacle  many  days, 
then  the  childn^n  of  Israel  kept  the  charge  of  Jehovah,  and 
journeyed  not.  20  And  sometimes  the  cloud  was  a  few  days 
upon  the  tabernacle^;  then  according  to  the  commandment 
of  Jehovah  they  remained  encamped,  and  according  to  the 
commandment  of  J(>hovah  they  journeyed.  21  And  some- 
times the  cloud  was  from  evening  until  morning;  and  when 
the  cloud  was  taken  up  in  the  morning,  they  journeyed:  or 
if  it  continued  by  day  and  by  night,  when  the  cloud  was  taken 
up,  they  journeyed.  22  Whether  it  were  two  days,  or  a  month, 
or  a  year,  that  the  cloud  tarried  upon  the  tabernacle,  abiding 
thereon,  the  children  of  Israel  remained  encamped,  and  jour- 
neyed not;  but  when  it  was  taken  up,  they  journeyed.  23  At 
the  commandment  of  Jehovah  they  encamped,  and  at  the  com- 
mandment of  Jehovah  they  journeyed:  they  kept  the  charge 
of  Jehovah,  at  the  commandment  of  Jehovah  by  Moses. 

53.  The  Silver  Trumpets. 

Nu.  10i-i« 

1  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  2  Make  thee 
two  trumpets  of  silver ;  of  beaten  work  shalt  thou  make  them : 
and  thou  shalt  use  thc^m  for  the  calling  of  the  congregation, 
and  for  the  journeying  of  the  camps.  3  And  when  they  shall 
blow  them,  all  the  congregation  shall  gather  themselves  unto 
thee  at  the  door  of  th(^  tent  of  meeting.  4  And  if  they  blow 
but  one,  then  the  princes,  the  heads  of  the  thousands  of  Israel, 
shall  gather  themselves  unto  thee.  5  And  when  ye  blow  an 
alarm,  the  camps  that  lie  on  the  east  side  shall  take  their  jour- 
ney. 6  And  when  ye  blow  an  alarm  the  second  time,  the  camps 
that  lie  on  the  south  side  shall  take  their  journey:  they  shall 
blow  an  alarm  for  their  journeys.  7  But  when  the  assc^mbly  is 
to  be  gathered  together,  ye  shall  blow,  but  ye  shall  not  sound 
an  alarm.  8  And  the  sons  of  Aaron,  the  priests,  shall  blow 
the  trumpets;  and  they  shall  be  to  you  for  a  statute  for  ever 
throughout  your  g(>nerations.  9  And  when  ye  go  to  war  in  your 
land  against  th(>  adversary  that  oppresseth  you,  th(^n  ye  shall 
sound  an  alarm  with  the  trumj^ets ;  and  ye  shall  be  remembered 
before  Jehovah  your  God,  and  ye  shall  be  saved  from  your 
enemies.  10  Also  in  the  day  of  your  gladness,  and  in  your  set 
feasts,  and  in  the  b(>ginnings  of  your  months,  ye  shall  blow  the 
trumpets  over  your  ])urnt -off (Tings,  and  over  the  sacrific(>s  of 
your  peace-offerings ;  and  thev  shall  be  to  you  for  a  memorial 
before  your  God :  I  am  Jehovah  your  God. 


336  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH    [  Nu.  W 

54.  The  Departure  from  the  Wilderness  of  Sinai.  P30,  79. 

Nu.  1011-28-34 

11  And  it  came  to  pass  in  the  second  year,  in  the  second 
month,  on  the  twentieth  day  of  the  month,  that  the  cloud  was 
taken  up  from  over  the  tabernacle  of  the  testimony.  12  And 
the  children  of  Israel  set  forward  according  to  their  jour- 
neys out  of  the  wilderness  of  Sinai;  and  the  cloud  abode  in 
the  wilderness  of  Paran.  13  And  they  first  took  their  journey 
according  to  the  commandment  of  Jehovah  by  Moses.  14  And 
in  the  first  place  the  standard  of  the  camp  of  the  children  of 
Judah  set  forward  according  to  their  hosts:  and  over  his  host 
was  Nahshon  the  son  of  Amminadab.  15  And  over  the  host 
of  the  tribe  of  the  children  of  Issachar  was  Nethanel  the  son 
of  Zuar.  16  And  over  the  host  of  the  tribe  of  the  children  of 
Zebulun  was  Eliab  the  son  of  Helon. 

17  And  the  tabernacle  was  taken  down;  and  the  sons  of 
Gershon  and  the  sons  of  Merari,  who  bare  the  tabernacle,  set 
forward.  18  And  the  standard  of  the  camp  of  Reuben  set 
forward  according  to  their  hosts :  and  over  his  host  was  Elizur 
the  son  of  Shedeur.  19  And  over  the  host  of  the  tribe  of  the 
children  of  Simeon  was  Shelumiel  the  son  of  Zurishaddai. 
20  And  over  the  host  of  the  tribe  of  the  children  of  Gad  was 
Eliasaph  the  son  of  Deuel. 

21  And  the  Kohathites  set  forward,  bearing  the  sanctuary: 
and  the  others  did  set  up  the  tabernacle  against  their  coming. 
22  And  the  standard  of  the  camp  of  the  children  of  Ephraim 
set  forward  according  to  their  hosts:  and  over  his  host  was 
Elishama  the  son  of  Ammihud.  23  And  over  the  host  of  the 
tribe  of  the  children  of  Manasseh  was  Gamaliel  the  son  of 
Pedahzur.  24  And  over  the  host  of  the  tribe  of  the  children 
of  Benjamin  was  Abidan  the  son  of  Gideoni. 

25  And  the  standard  of  the  camp  of  the  children  of  Dan, 
which  was  the  rearward  of  all  the  camps,  set  forward  according 
to  their  hosts :  and  over  his  host  was  Ahiezer  the  son  of  Ammi- 
shaddai.  26  And  over  the  host  of  the  tribe  of  the  children 
of  Asher  was  Pagiel  the  son  of  Ochran.  27  And  over  the  host 
of  the  tribe  of  the  children  of  Naphtali  was  Ahira  the  son  of 
Enan.  28  Thus  were  the  journey ings  of  the  children  of  Israel 
according  to  their  hosts ;  and  they  set  forward. 

34  And  the  cloud  of  Jehovah  was  over  them  by  day,  when  they  set 
forward  from  the  camp. 

55.  The  Commission  and  Report  of  the  Spies.    J38,  40. 

E34. 

Nu.  131-17a.21.25-26a.32a 

1  And  Jehovah   spake   unto  Moses,   saying,    2  Send   thou 


...14M  P54-57  337 

men,  that  they  may  spy  out  the  land  of  Canaan,  which  I  give 
unto  the  children  of  Israel :  of  every  tribe  of  their  fathers  shall 
ye  send  a  man,  every  one  a  prince  among  them.  3  And  Moses 
sent  them  from  the  wilderness  of  Paran  according  to  the  com- 
mandment of  Jehovah:  all  of  them  men  who  were  heads  of 
the  children  of  Israel.  4  And  these  were  their  names:  Of  the 
tribe  of  Reuben,  Shammua  the  son  of  Zaccur.  5  Of  the  tribe 
of  Simeon,  Shaphat  the  son  of  Hori.  6  Of  the  tribe  of  Judah, 
Caleb  the  son  of  Jephunnch.  7  Of  the  tribe  of  Issachar,  Igal 
the  son  of  Joseph.  8  Of  the  tribe  of  Ephraim,  Hoshea  the  son 
of  Nun.  9  Of  the  tribe  of  Benjamin,  Palti  the  son  of  Raphu. 
10  Of  the  tribe  of  Zebulun,  Gaddiel  the  son  of  Sodi.  11  Of 
the  tribe  of  Joseph,  namely,  of  the  tribe  of  Manasseh,  Gaddi 
the  son  of  Susi.  12  Of  the  tribe  of  Dan,  Ammicl  the  son  of 
Gemalli.  13  Of  the  tribe  of  Asher,  Sethur  the  son  of  Michael. 
14  Of  the  tribe  of  Naphtali,  Nahbi  the  son  of  Vophsi.  15  Of 
the  tribe  of  Gad,  Geuel  the  son  of  Machi.  16  These  are  the 
names  of  the  men  that  Moses  sent  to  spy  out  the  land.  And 
Moses  called  Hoshea  the  sun  of  Nun  Joshua. 

17a  And  Moses  sent  them  to  spy  out  the  land  of  Canaan. 

21  So  they  went  up,  and  spied  out  the  land  from  the  wilder- 
ness of  Zin  unto  Rehob,  to  the  entrance  of  Hamath. 

25  And  they  returned  from  spying  out  the  land  at  the  end 
of  forty  days.  26a  And  they  went  and  came  to  Moses,  and 
to  Aaron,  and  to  all  the  congregation  of  the  children  of  Israel, 
unto  the  wilderness  of  Paran.  32a  And  they  brought  up  an 
evil  report  of  the  land  which  they  had  spied  out  unto  the  children 
of  Israel,  saying,  The  land,  througli  which  we  have  gone  to  spy 
it  out,  is  a  land  that  eateth  up  the  inhabitants  thereof. 

56.  The  Complaint  of  the  People.    J39.    E35. 
Nu.  141--2 

la  And  all  the  congregation  lifted  up  their  voice,  2  and  all  the 
children  of  Israel  murmured  against  Moses  and  against  Aaron: 
and  the  whole  congregation  said  unto  them.  Would  that  we 
had  died  in  the  land  of  Egypt!  or  would  that  we  had  died  in 
this  wilderness! 

57.  The  Answer  of  Joshua  and  Caleb.     J40.     E34. 

Nu.  145-7.10 

5  Then  Moses  and  Aaron  fell  on  their  faces  before  all  the 
assembly  of  the  congregation  of  the  children  of  Israel.  6  And 
Joshua  the  son  of  Nun  and  Caleb  the  son  of  Jephunnch,  who 
were  of  them  that  spied  out  the  land,  rent  their  clothes :  7  and 
they  spake  unto  all  the  congregation  of  the  children  of  Israel, 


338  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH      [  Nu.  14' 

saying,  The  land,  which  we  passed  through  to  spy  it  out,  is  an 
exceeding  good  land. 

10  But  all  the  congregation  bade  stone  them  with  stones. 
And  the  glory  of  Jehovah  appeared  in  the  tent  of  meeting  unto 
all  the  children  of  Israel. 

58.  Jehovah's  Rebuke  of  the  People.     J41.     E36. 

Nu    1426-30.34-38 

26  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses  and  unto  Aaron,  saying, 
27  How  long  shall  I  hear  with  this  evil  congregation,  that 
murmur  against  me?  I  have  heard  the  murmurings  of  the  chil- 
dren of  Israel,  which  they  murmur  against  me.  28  Say  unto 
them.  As  I  live,  saith  Jehovah,  surely  as  ye  have  spoken  in  mine 
ears,  so  will  I  do  to  you :  29  your  dead  bodies  shall  fall  in  this 
wilderness;  and  all  that  were  numbered  of  you,  according  to 
your  whole  number,  from  twenty  years  old  and  upward,  that 
have  murmured  against  me,  30  surely  ye  shall  not  come  into 
the  land,  concerning  which  I  sware  that  I  would  make  you  dwell 
therein,  save  Caleb  the  son  of  Jephunneh,  and  Joshua  the  son 
of  Nun. 

34  After  the  number  of  the  days  in  which  ye  spied  out  the 
land,  even  forty  days,  for  every  day  a  year,  shall  ye  bear  your 
iniquities,  even  forty  years,  and  ye  shall  know  my  alienation. 
35  I,  Jehovah,  have  spoken,  surely  this  will  I  do  unto  all  this 
evil  congregation,  that  are  gathered  together  against  me:  in 
this  wilderness  they  shall  be  consumed,  and  there  they  shall 
die. 

36  And  the  men,  whom  Moses  sent  to  spy  out  the  land, 
who  returned,  and  made  all  the  congregation  to  murmur  against 
him,  by  bringing  up  an  evil  report  against  the  land,  37  even 
those  men  that  did  bring  up  an  evil  report  of  the  land,  died  by 
the  plague  before  Jehovah.  38  But  Joshua  the  son  of  Nun, 
and  Caleb  the  son  of  Jephunneh,  remained  alive  of  those  men 
that  went  to  spy  out  the  land. 

59.  Laws  Concerning  Offerings.    P37. 
Nu.  151-31 

1  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  2  Speak  unto  the 
children  of  Israel,  and  say  unto  them,  When  ye  are  come  into 
the  land  of  your  habitations,  which  I  give  unto  you,  3  and  will 
make  an  offering  by  fire  unto  Jehovah,  a  burnt-offering,  or  a 
sacrifice,  to  accomplish  a  vow,  or  as  a  freewill-offering,  or  in  your 
set  feasts,  to  make  a  sweet  savor  unto  Jehovah,  of  the  herd,  or 
of  the  flock;  4  then  shall  he  that  offereth  his  oblation  offer 
unto  Jehovah  a  meal-offering  of  a  tenth  part  of  an  ephah  of  fine 

"v.  30  P:  most  scholars.    But  E:  St.    JE:  Ho. 


...152"  ]  P57-59  339 

flour  mingled  wit  h  the  fourth  part  of  a  hin  of  oil :  5  and  wine 
for  the  drink-offering,  the  fourth  part  of  a  hin,  shalt  thou  pre- 
pare with  the  burnt-offering,  or  for  the  sacrifice,  for  each  lamb. 
6  Or  for  a  ram,  thou  shalt  prepare  for  a  meal-offering  two 
tenth  parts  of  an  ephah  of  fine  flour  mingled  with  the  third  part 
of  a  hin  of  oil :  7  and  for  the  drink-oflering  thou  shalt  offer 
the  third  part  of  a  hin  of  wine,  of  a  sweet  savor  unto  Jehovah. 
8  And  when  thou  preparest  a  bullock  for  a  burnt-offering,  or 
for  a  sacrifice,  to  accomplish  a  vow,  or  for  pc^ace-offerings  unto 
Jehovah ;  9  then  shall  he  offer  with  the  bullock  a  meal-offering 
of  three  tenth  parts  of  an  ephah  of  fine  flour  mingled  with  half 
a  hin  of  oil :  10  and  thou  shalt  offer  for  the  drink-offering  half 
a  hin  of  wane,  for  an  offering  made  by  fire,  of  a  sweet  savor  unto 
Jehovah. 

11  Thus  shall  it  be  done  for  each  bullock,  or  for  each  ram, 
or  for  each  of  the  he-lambs,  or  of  the  kids.  12  According  to 
the  number  that  ye  shall  prepare,  so  shall  ye  do  to  every  one 
according  to  their  number.  13  All  that  are  home-born  shall 
do  these  things  after  this  manner,  in  offering  an  offering  made 
by  fire,  of  a  sweet  savor  unto  Jehovah.  14  And  if  a  stranger 
sojourn  with  you,  or  whosoever  may  be  among  you  through- 
out your  generations,  and  will  offer  an  offering  made  by  fire, 
of  a  sweet  savor  unto  Jehovah ;  as  ye  do,  so  he  shall  do.  15  For 
the  assembly,  there  shall  be  one  statute  for  you,  and  for  the 
stranger  that  sojourneth  with  you,  a  statute  for  ever  throughout 
your  generations:  as  ye  are,  so  shall  the  sojourner  be  before 
Jehovah.  16  One  law  and  one  ordinance  shall  be  for  you,  and 
for  the  stranger  that  sojourneth  with  you. 

17  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  18  Speak  unto 
the  children  of  Israel,  and  say  unto  them,  When  ye  come  into 
the  land  whither  I  bring  you,  19  then  it  shall  be,  that,  when 
ye  eat  of  the  bread  of  the  land,  ye  shall  offer  up  a  heave-offering 
unto  Jehovah.  20  Of  the  first  of  your  dough  ye  shall  offer  up 
a  cake  for  a  heave-offering :  as  the  heav(^-off(^ring  of  the  thresh- 
ing-floor, so  shall  ye  heave  it.  21  Of  the  first  of  your  dough  ye 
shall  give  unto  Jehovah  a  heave-offering  throughout  your  gen- 
erations. 

22  And  when  ye  shall  err,  and  not  observe  all  these  com- 
mandments, which  Jehovah  hath  spoken  unto  Moses,  23  even 
all  that  Jehovah  hath  commanded  you  by  Moses,  from  the 
day  that  Jehovah  gave  commandment,  and  onward  through- 
out your  generations ;  24  tlicn  it  shall  be,  if  it  be  done  unwit- 
tingly, without  the  knowk^dge  of  the  congregation,  that  all  the 
congregation  shall  offer  one  young  bullock  for  a  burnt-offering, 
for  a  sweet  savor  unto  Jehovah,  with  the  meal-offering  thereof, 
and  the  drink-offering  thereof,  acording  to  the  ordinance,  and 


340  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH    [  Nu.  15'* 

one  he-goat  for  a  sin-offering.  25  And  the  priest  shall  make 
atonement  for  all  the  congregation  of  the  children  of  Israel,  and 
they  shall  be  forgiven;  for  it  was  an  error,  and  they  have 
brought  their  oblation,  an  offering  made  by  fire  unto  Jehovah, 
and  their  sin-offering  before  Jehovah,  for  their  error:  26  and 
all  the  congregation  of  the  children  of  Israel  shall  be  forgiven, 
and  the  stranger  that  sojourneth  among  them;  for  in  respect 
of  all  the  people  it  was  done  unwittingly. 

27  And  if  one  person  sin  unwittingly,  then  he  shall  offer  a 
she-goat  a  year  old  for  a  sin-offering.  28  And  the  priest  shall 
make  atonement  for  the  soul  that  erreth,  when  he  sinneth 
unwittingly,  before  Jehovah,  to  make  atonement  for  him ;  and 
he  shall  be  forgiven.  29  Ye  shall  have  one  law  for  him  that 
doeth  aught  unwittingly,  for  him  that  is  home-born  among 
the  children  of  Israel,  and  for  the  stranger  that  sojourneth 
among  them.  30  But  the  soul  that  doeth  aught  with  a  high 
hand,  whether  he  be  home-born  or  a  sojourner,  the  same  blas- 
phemeth  Jehovah ;  and  that  soul  shall  be  cut  off  from  among 
his  people.  31  Because  he  hath  despised  the  word  of  Jehovah, 
and  hath  broken  his  commandment,  that  soul  shall  utterly  be 
cut  off;  his  iniquity  shall  be  upon  him. 

60.  Sabbath-Breaking  Punished.  P33.    Is.  SG^-^  SS^^-u^  ^eh. 

Nu.  1532-3«  ' 

32  And  while  the  children  of  Israel  were  in  the  wilderness, 
they  found  a  man  gathering  sticks  upon  the  sabbath  day. 
33  And  they  that  found  him  gathering  sticks  brought  him  unto 
Moses  and  Aaron,  and  unto  all  the  congregation.  34  And  they 
put  him  in  ward,  because  it  had  not  been  declared  what  should 
be  done  to  him.  35  And  Jehovah  said  unto  Moses,  The  man 
shall  surely  be  put  to  death:  all  the  congregation  shall  stone 
him  with  stones  without  the  camp.  36  And  all  the  congre- 
gation brought  him  without  the  camp,  and  stoned  him  to 
death  with  stones;  as  Jehovah  commanded  Moses. 

61.  The  Law  of  Fringes.     Cf.  P42iiiH. 
Nu.  IS"-''! 

62.  The  Rebellion  of  Korah  Against  Moses  and  Aaron. 

E38. 

Nu.    161*-2-ll. 16-24. 27a. 35-50 

la  Now  Korah,  the  son  of  Izhar,  the  son  of  Kohath,  the  son 
of  Levi,  2  .  .  .  with  certain  of  the  children  of  Israel,  two  hun- 

•0  This  incident,  like  numerous  others  in  P,  has  the  character  of  a  legal  precedent. 
"At  least  w.  7b-ll,  36-10  are  secondary  (Ps). 


...16"a]  P59-62  341 

dred  and  fifty  princes  of  the  congregation,  called  to  the  assem- 
bly, men  of  renovra;  3  and  they  assembled  themselves  to- 
gether against  Moses  and  against  Aaron,  and  said  unto  them, 
Ye  take  too  much  upon  you,  seeing  all  the  congregation  are 
holy,  every  one  of  them,  and  Jehovah  is  among  them:  where- 
fore then  lift  ye  up  yourselves  above  the  assembly  of  Jehovah? 

4  And  when  Moses  heard  it,  he  fell  upon  his  face :  5  and  he 
spake  unto  Korah  and  unto  all  his  company,  saying.  In  the 
morning  Jehovah  will  show  who  are  his,  and  who  is  holy, 
and  will  cause  him  to  come  near  unto  him :  even  him  whom  he 
shall  choose  will  he  cause  to  come  near  unto  him.  6  This  do: 
take  you  censers,  Korah,  and  all  his  company;  7  and  put  fire 
in  them,  and  put  incense  upon  them  before  Jehovah  to-morrow : 
and  it  shall  be  that  the  man  whom  Jehovah  doth  choose,  he 
shall  be  holy:  ye  take  too  much  upon  you,  ye  sons  of  Levi. 

8  And  Moses  said  unto  Korah,  Hear  now,  ye  sons    of    Levi: 

9  seemeth  it  but  a  small  thing  unto  you,  that  the  God  of  Israel 
hath  separated  you  from  the  congregation  of  Israel,  to  bring 
you  near  to  himself,  to  do  the  service  of  the  tabernacle  of 
Jehovah,  and  to  stand  before  the  congregation  to  minister  unto 
them;  10  and  that  he  hath  brought  thee  near,  and  all  thy 
brethren  the  sons  of  Levi  with  thee?  and  seek  ye  the  priesthood 
also?  11  Therefore  thou  and  all  thy  company  are  gathered 
together  against  Jehovah :  and  Aaron,  what  is  he  that  ye  mur- 
mur against  him? 

16  And  Moses  said  unto  Korah,  Be  thou  and  all  thy  com- 
pany before  Jehovah,  thou,  and  they,  and  Aaron,  to-morrow : 
17  and  take  ye  every  man  his  censer,  and  put  incense  upon 
them,  and  bring  ye  before  Jehovah  every  man  his  censer, 
two  hundred  and  fifty  censers;  thou  also,  and  Aaron,  each  his 
censer.  18  And  they  took  every  man  his  censer,  and  put  fire 
in  them,  and  laid  incense  thereon,  and  stood  at  the  door  of  the 
tent  of  meeting  with  Moses  and  Aaron.  19  And  Korah  assem- 
bled all  the  congregation  against  them  unto  the  door  of  the  tent 
of  meeting:  and  the  glory  of  Jehovah  appeared  unto  all  the 
congregation. 

20  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses  and  unto  Aaron,  saying, 
21  Separate  yourselves  from  among  this  congregation,  that  I 
may  consume  them  in  a  moment.  22  And  they  fell  upon  their 
faces,  and  said,  0  God,  the  God  of  the  spirits  of  all  flesh,  shall 
one  man  sin,  and  wilt  thou  be  wroth  with  all  the  congregation? 
23  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  24  Speak  unto 
the  congregation,  saying.  Get  you  up  from  about  the  taber- 
nacle of  Korah,  Dathan,  and  Abiram. 

27a  So  they  gat  them  up  from  the  tabernacle  of  Korah,  Dathan,  and 
Abiram,  on  every  side. 


342  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH    [  Nu.  IG^^ 

35  And  fire  came  forth  from  Jehovah,  and  devoured  the  two 
hundred  and  fifty  men  that  offered  the  incense. 

36  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  37  Speak  unto 
Eleazar  the  son  of  Aaron  the  priest,  that  he  take  up  the  censers 
out  of  the  burning,  and  scatter  thou  the  fire  yonder;  for  they 
are  holy,  38  even  the  censers  of  the  sinners  against  their  own 
fives;  and  let  them  be  made  beaten  plates  for  a  covering  of 
the  altar:  for  they  offered  them  before  Jehovah;  therefore 
they  are  holy ;  and  they  shall  be  a  sign  unto  the  children  of 
Israel.  39  And  Eleazar  the  priest  took  the  brazen  censers, 
which  they  that  were  burnt  had  offered;  and  they  beat  them 
out  for  a  covering  of  the  altar,  40  to  be  a  memorial  unto  the 
children  of  Israel,  to  the  end  that  no  stranger,  that  is  not  of  the 
seed  of  Aaron,  come  near  to  burn  incense  before  Jehovah; 
that  he  be  not  as  Korah,  and  as  his  company:  as  Jehovah 
spake  unto  him  by  Moses. 

41  But  on  the  morrow  all  the  congregation  of  the  children 
of  Israel  murmured  against  Moses  and  against  Aaron,  saying. 
Ye  have  killed  the  people  of  Jehovah.  42  And  it  came  to  pass, 
when  the  congregation  was  assembled  against  Moses  and 
against  Aaron,  that  they  looked  toward  the  tent  of  meeting: 
and,  behold,  the  cloud  covered  it,  and  the  glory  of  Jehovah 
appeared.  43  And  Moses  and  Aaron  came  to  the  front  of  the 
tent  of  meeting.  44  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying, 
45  Get  you  up  from  among  this  congregation,  that  I  may  con- 
sume them  in  a  moment.  And  they  fell  upon  their  faces.  46  And 
Moses  said  unto  Aaron,  Take  thy  censer,  and  put  fire  therein 
from  off  the  altar,  and  lay  incense  thereon,  and  carry  it  quickly 
unto  the  congregation,  and  make  atonement  for  them:  for 
there  is  wrath  gone  out  from  Jehovah;  the  plague  is  begun. 
47  And  Aaron  took  as  Moses  spake,  and  ran  into  the  midst  of 
the  assembly;  and,  behold,  the  plague  was  begun  among  the 
people:  and  he  put  on  the  incense,  and  made  atonement  for 
the  people.  48  And  he  stood  between  the  dead  and  the  living ; 
and  the  plague  was  stayed.  49  Now  they  that  died  by  the 
plague  were  fourteen  thousand  and  seven  hundred,  besides 
them  that  died  about  the  matter  of  Korah.  50  And  Aaron 
returned  unto  Moses  unto  the  door  of  the  tent  of  meeting :  and 
the  plague  was  stayed. 

63.  The  Budding  of  Aaron's  Rod.     P22, 

Nu.  171-13 

1  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  2  Speak  unto  the 
children  of  Israel,  and  take  of  them  rods,  one  for  each  fathers' 
house,  of  all  their  princes  according  to  their  fathers'  houses, 
twelve  rods:    write   thou  every  man's  name   upon   his  rod. 


-18^ ]  P62-64  343 

3  And  thou  shalt  write  Aaron's  name  upon  the  rod  of  Levi; 
for  there  shall  be  one  rod  for  each  head  of  their  fathers'  houses. 

4  And  thou  shalt  lay  them  up  in  the  tent  of  meeting  before  the 
testimony,  wh(»rc  I  meet  with  you.  5  And  it  shall  come  to  pass, 
that  the  rod  of  the  man  whom  I  shall  choose  shall  l)ud :  and 
I  will  make  to  cease  from  me  the  murmurings  of  the  children  of 
Israel,  which  they  murmur  against  you.  6  And  Moses  spake 
unto  the  children  of  Israel ;  and  all  their  princes  gave  him  rods, 
for  each  prince  one,  according  to  their  fathers'  houses,  even 
twelve  rods:  and  the  rod  of  Aaron  was  among  their  rods. 
7  And  Moses  laid  up  the  rods  before  Jehovah  in  the  tent  of  the 
testimony. 

8  And  it  came  to  pass  on  the  morrow,  that  Moses  went  into 
the  tent  of  the.  testimony ;  and,  behold,  the  rod  of  Aaron  for  the 
house  of  Levi  was  budded,  and  put  forth  buds,  and  produced 
blossoms,  and  bare  ripe  almonds.  9  And  Moses  brought  out 
all  the  rods  from  before  Jehovah  unto  all  the  children  of  Israel: 
and  they  looked,  and  took  every  man  his  rod.  10  And  Jehovah 
said  unto  Moses,  Put  back  the  rod  of  Aaron  before  the  testi- 
mony, to  be  kept  for  a  token  against  the  children  of  rebellion; 
that  thou  mayest  make  an  end  of  their  murmurings  against  me, 
that  they  die  not.  11  Thus  did  Moses :  as  Jehovah  commanded 
him,  so  did  he. 

12  And  the  children  of  Israel  spake  unto  Moses,  saying, 
Behold,  we  perish,  we  are  undone,  we  are  all  undone.  13  Every 
one  that  cometh  near,  that  cometh  near  unto  the  tabernacle 
of  Jehovah,  dieth :  shall  we  perish  all  of  us? 

64.  The  Duties  and  Perquisites  of  the  Sons  of  Aaron 
(Priests)  and  Levites.     P46. 

Nu.  181-^2 

1  And  Jehovah  said  unto  Aaron,  Thou  and  thy  sons  and  thy 
father's  house  with  thee  shall  bear  the  iniquity  of  the  sanctuary ; 
and  thou  and  thy  sons  with  thee  shall  bear  the  iniquity  of  your 
priesthood.  2  And  thy  brethren  also,  the  tribe  of  Levi,  the 
tribe  of  thy  father,  bring  thou  near  with  thee,  that  they  may 
be  joined  unto  thee,  and  minister  unto  thee:  but  thou  and  thy 
sons  with  thee  shall  be  before  the  tent  of  the  testimony.  3  And 
they  shall  keep  thy  charge,  and  the  charge  of  all  the  Tent: 
only  they  shall  not  come  nigh  unto  the  vessels  of  the  sanctuary 
and  unto  the  altar,  that  they  die  not,  neither  they,  nor  ye. 
4  And  th(^y  shall  be  joined  unto  thee,  and  keep  the  charge  of 
the  tent  of  meeting,  for  all  the  service  of  the  Tent:  and  a 
stranger  shall  not  com(^  nigh  unto  you.  5  And  ye  shall  keep 
the  charge  of  the  sanctuary,  and  the  charge  of  the  altar;  that 
there  be  wrath  no  more  upon  the  children  of  Israel.    6  And  I, 


344  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH      [  Nu.  18^ 

behold,  I  have  taken  your  brethren  the  Levites  from  among 
the  children  of  Israel :  to  you  they  are  a  gift,  given  unto  Jeho- 
vah, to  do  the  service  of  the  tent  of  meeting.  7  And  thou  and 
thy  sons  with  thee  shall  keep  your  priesthood  for  everything 
of  the  altar,  and  for  that  within  the  veil;  and  ye  shall  serve: 
I  give  you  the  priesthood  as  a  service  of  gift :  and  the  stranger 
that  Cometh  nigh  shall  be  put  to  death. 

8  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Aaron,  And  I,  behold,  I  have 
given  thee  the  charge  of  my  heave-offerings,  even  all  the  hallowed 
things  of  the  children  of  Israel;  unto  thee  have  I  given  them 
by  reason  of  the  anointing,  and  to  thy  sons,  as  a  portion  for 
ever.  9  This  shall  be  thine  of  the  most  holy  things,  reserved 
from  the  fire :  every  oblation  of  theirs,  even  every  meal-offering 
of  theirs,  and  every  sin-offering  of  theirs,  and  every  trespass- 
offering  of  theirs,  which  they  shall  render  unto  me,  shall  be  most 
holy  for  thee  and  for  thy  sons.  10  As  the  most  holy  things 
shalt  thou  eat  thereof;  every  male  shall  eat  thereof:  it  shall 
be  holy  unto  thee.  11  And  this  is  thine:  the  heave-offering  of 
their  gift,  even  all  the  wave-offerings  of  the  children  of  Israel; 
I  have  given  them  unto  thee,  and  to  thy  sons  and  to  thy  daugh- 
ters with  thee,  as  a  portion  for  ever;  every  one  that  is  clean 
in  thy  house  shall  eat  thereof.  12  All  the  best  of  the  oil,  and  all 
the  best  of  the  vintage,  and  of  the  grain,  the  first-fruits  of  them 
which  they  give  unto  Jehovah,  to  thee  have  I  given  them. 
13  The  first-ripe  fruits  of  all  that  is  in  their  land,  which  they 
bring  unto  Jehovah,  shall  be  thine;  every  one  that  is  clean  in 
thy  house  shall  eat  thereof.  14  Everything  devoted  in  Israel 
shall  be  thine.  15  Everything  that  openeth  the  womb,  of  all 
flesh  which  they  offer  unto  Jehovah,  both  of  man  and  beast 
shall  be  thine:  nevertheless  the  first-born  of  man  shalt  thou 
surely  redeem,  and  the  firstling  of  unclean  beasts  shalt  thou 
redeem.  16  And  those  that  are  to  be  redeemed  of  them  from 
a  month  old  shalt  thou  redeem,  according  to  thine  estimation, 
for  the  money  of  five  shekels,  after  the  shekel  of  the  sanctuary 
(the  same  is  twenty  gerahs).  17  But  the  firstling  of  a  cow, 
or  the  firstling  of  a  sheep,  or  the  firstling  of  a  goat,  thou  shalt 
not  redeem;  they  are  holy:  thou  shalt  sprinkle  their  blood 
upon  the  altar,  and  shalt  bum  their  fat  for  an  offering  made  by 
fire,  for  a  sweet  savor  unto  Jehovah.  18  And  the  flesh  of  them 
shall  be  thine,  as  the  wave-breast  and  as  the  right  thigh,  it 
shall  be  thine.  19  All  the  heave-offerings  of  the  holy  things, 
which  the  children  of  Israel  offer  unto  Jehovah,  have  I  given 
thee,  and  thy  sons  and  daughters  with  thee,  as  a  portion  for  ever : 
it  is  a  covenant  of  salt  for  ever  before  Jehovah  unto  thee  and 
to  thy  seed  with  thee.  20  And  Jehovah  said  unto  Aaron,  Thou 
shalt  have  no  inheritance  in  their  land,  neither  shalt  thou  have 


-19^  J  P64-65  345 

any  portion  among  them:  I  am  thy  portion  and  thine  inheri- 
tance among  the  children  of  Israel. 

21  And  unto  the  children  of  Levi,  behold,  I  have  given  all  the 
tithe  in  Israel  for  an  inheritance,  in  return  for  their  service 
which  they  serve,  even  the  service  of  the  tent  of  meeting. 
22  And  henceforth  the  children  of  Israel  shall  not  come  nigh 
the  tent  of  meeting,  lest  they  bear  sin,  and  die.  23  But  the 
Levites  shall  do  the  service  of  the  tent  of  meeting,  and  they  shall 
bear  their  iniquity :  it  shall  be  a  statute  for  ever  throughout 
your  generations;  and  among  the  children  of  Israel  they  shall 
have  no  inheritance.  24  For  the  tithe  of  the  children  of  Israel, 
which  they  offer  as  a  heave-offering  unto  Jehovah,  I  have  given 
to  the  Levites  for  an  inheritance:  therefore  I  have  said  unto 
them.  Among  the  children  of  Israel  they  shall  have  no  inher- 
itance. 

25  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  26  Moreover 
thou  shalt  speak  unto  the  Levites,  and  say  unto  them,  When 
ye  take  of  the  children  of  Israel  the  tithe  which  I  have  given 
you  from  them  for  your  inheritance,  then  ye  shall  offer  up 
a  heave-offering  of  it  for  Jehovah,  a  tithe  of  the  tithe.  27  And 
your  heave-offering  shall  be  reckoned  unto  you,  as  though  it 
were  the  grain  of  the  threshing-floor,  and  as  the  fulness  of  the 
winepress.  28  Thus  ye  also  shall  offer  a  heave-offering  unto 
Jehovah  of  all  your  tithes,  which  ye  receive  of  the  children  of 
Israel;  and  thereof  ye  shall  give  Jehovah's  heave-offering  to 
Aaron  the  priest.  29  Out  of  all  your  gifts  ye  shall  offer  every 
heave-offering  of  Jehovah,  of  all  the  best  thereof,  even  the  hal- 
lowed part  thereof  out  of  it.  30  Therefore  thou  shalt  say  unto 
them,  When  ye  heave  the  best  thereof  from  it,  then  it  shall 
be  reckoned  unto  the  Levites  as  the  increase  of  the  threshing- 
floor,  and  as  the  increase  of  the  winepress.  31  And  ye  shall  eat  it 
in  every  place,  ye  and  your  households:  for  it  is  your  reward 
in  return  for  your  service  in  the  tent  of  meeting.  32  And  ye 
shall  bear  no  sin  by  reason  of  it,  when  ye  have  heaved  from  it 
the  best  thereof:  and  ye  shall  not  profane  the  holy  things 
of  the  children  of  Israel,  that  ye  die  not. 

65.  Law  of  Purification  from  Uncleanness  Due  to 
Contact  with  the  Dead.     P40. 

Nu.  19'-22 

1  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses  and  unto  Aaron,  saying, 
2  This  is  the  statute  of  the  law  which  Jehovah  hath  com- 
manded, saying.  Speak  unto  the  childn^n  of  Israel,  that  they 
bring  thee  a  red  heifer  without  spot,  wherein  is  no  blemish,  and 
upon  which  never  came  yoke.  3  And  ye  shall  give  her  unto 
Eleazar  the  priest,  and  he  shall  bring  her  forth  without  the 


346  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH       [Nu.  19^ 

camp,  and  one  shall  slay  her  before  his  face :  4  and  Eleazar  the 
priest  shall  take  of  her  blood  with  his  finger,  and  sprinkle  of  her 
blood  toward  the  front  of  the  tent  of  meeting  seven  times.  5  And 
one  shall  burn  the  heifer  in  his  sight;  her  skin,  and  her  flesh, 
and  her  blood,  with  her  dung,  shall  he  burn:  6  and  the  priest 
shall  take  cedar-wood,  and  hyssop,  and  scarlet,  and  cast  it  into 
the  midst  of  the  burning  of  the  heifer,  7  Then  the  priest  shall 
wash  his  clothes,  and  he  shall  bathe  his  flesh  in  water,  and  after- 
ward he  shall  come  into  the  camp,  and  the  priest  shall  be  unclean 
until  the  even.  8  And  he  that  burneth  her  shall  wash  his 
clothes  in  water,  and  bathe  his  flesh  in  water,  and  shall  be 
unclean  until  the  even.  9  And  a  man  that  is  clean  shall  gather 
up  the  ashes  of  the  heifer,  and  lay  them  up  without  the  camp  in  a 
clean  place;  and  it  shall  be  kept  for  the  congregation  of  the 
children  of  Israel  for  a  water  for  impurity:  it  is  a  sin-offering. 
10  And  he  that  gathereth  the  ashes  of  the  heifer  shall  wash  his 
clothes,  and  be  unclean  until  the  even :  and  it  shall  be  unto  the 
children  of  Israel,  and  unto  the  stranger  that  sojourneth  among 
them,  for  a  statute  for  ever. 

11  He  that  toucheth  the  dead  body  of  any  man  shall  be 
unclean  seven  days:  12  the  same  shall  purify  himself  there- 
with on  the  third  day,  and  on  the  seventh  day  he  shall  be  clean : 
but  if  he  purify  not  himself  the  third  day,  then  the  seventh  day 
he  shall  not  be  clean.  13  Whosoever  toucheth  a  dead  person, 
the  body  of  a  man  that  hath  died,  and  purifieth  not  himself, 
defileth  the  tabernacle  of  Jehovah;  and  that  soul  shall  be  cut 
off  from  Israel :  because  the  water  for  impurity  was  not  sprinkled 
upon  him,  he  shall  be  unclean ;  his  uncleanness  is  yet  upon  him. 

14  This  is  the  law  when  a  man  dieth  in  a  tent :  every  one  that 
cometh  into  the  tent,  and  every  one  that  is  in  the  tent,  shall  be 
unclean  seven  days.  15  And  every  open  vessel,  which  hath 
no  covering  bound  upon  it,  is  unclean.  16  And  whosoever  in 
the  open  field  toucheth  one  that  is  slain  with  a  sword,  or  a  dead 
body,  or  a  bone  of  a  man,  or  a  grave,  shall  be  unclean  seven  days. 
17  And  for  the  unclean  they  shall  take  of  the  ashes  of  the  burn- 
ing of  the  sin-offering;  and  running  water  shall  be  put  thereto 
in  a  vessel:  18  and  a  clean  person  shall  take  hyssop,  and  dip 
it  in  the  water,  and  sprinkle  it  upon  the  tent,  and  upon  all  the 
vessels,  and  upon  the  persons  that  were  there,  and  upon  him  that 
touched  the  bone,  or  the  slain,  or  the  dead,  or  the  grave :  19  and 
the  clean  person  shall  sprinkle  upon  the  unclean  on  the  third 
day,  and  on  the  seventh  day :  and  on  the  seventh  day  he  shall 
purify  him ;  and  he  shall  wash  his  clothes,  and  bathe  himself  in 
water,  and  shall  be  clean  at  even. 

20  But  the  man  that  shall  be  unclean,  and  shall  not  purify 
himself,  that  soul  shall  be  cut  off  from  the  midst  of  the  assembly. 


...2022  ]  P65-67  347 

because  he  hath  defiled  the  sanctuary  of  Jehovah :  the  water 
for  impurity  hath  not  b(;en  sprinkled  upon  him ;  he  is  unclean. 
21  And  it  shall  be  a  perpetual  statute  unto  them :  and  he  that 
sprinkleth  the  water  for  impurity  shall  wash  his  clothes ;  and  he 
that  toucheth  the  water  for  impurity  shall  be  unclean  until 
even.  22  And  whatsoever  the  unclean  person  toucheth  shall  be 
unclean ;  and  the  soul  that  toucheth  it  shall  be  unclean  until  even. 

66.  Water  from  the  Rock  at  Meribah  in  the  Wilderness 

OF  ZiN  (Kadesh).     J30.     E18.     Ps.  106^2-33^ 

NU.    201''-2-''b-4.6-13 

la  And  the  children  of  Israel,  even  the  whole  congregation, 
came  into  the  wilderness  of  Zin  in  the  first  month. 

2  And  there  was  no  water  for  the  congregation :  and  they  as- 
sembled themselves  together  against  Moses  and  against  Aaron. — 
3b .  .  .  Would  that  we  had  died  when  our  brethren  died  before 
Jehovah!  4  And  why  have  ye  brought  the  assembly  of  Jehovah 
into  this  wilderness,  that  we  should  die  there,  we  and  our 
beasts? 

6  And  Moses  and  Aaron  went  from  the  presence  of  the 
assembly  unto  the  door  of  the  tent  of  meeting,  and  fell  upon 
their  faces:  and  the  glory  of  Jehovah  appeared  unto  them. 
7  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  8  Take  the  rod, 
and  assemble  the  congregation,  thou,  and  Aaron  thy  brother, 
and  speak  ye  unto  the  rock  before  their  eyes,  that  it  give  forth 
its  water;  and  thou  shalt  bring  forth  to  them  water  out  of  the 
rock;  so  thou  shalt  give  the  congregation  and  their  cattle 
drink.  9  And  Moses  took  the  rod  from  before  Jehovah,  as  he 
commanded  him. 

10  And  Moses  and  Aaron  gathered  the  assembly  together 
before  the  rock,  and  he  said  unto  them.  Hear  now,  ye  rebels; 
shall  we  bring  you  forth  water  out  of  this  rock?  11  And  Moses 
lifted  up  his  hand,  and  smote  the  rock  with  his  rod  twice :  and 
water  came  forth  abundantly,  and  the  congregation  drank, 
and  their  cattle.  12  And  Jehovah  said  unto  Moses  and  Aaron, 
Because  ye  believed  not  in  me,  to  sanctify  me  in  the  eyes  of  the 
children  of  Israel,  therefore  ye  shall  not  bring  this  assembly 
into  the  land  which  I  have  given  them.  13  These  are  the 
waters  of  Meribah;  because  the  cliildren  of  Israel  strove  with 
Jehovah,  and  he  was  sanctified  in  them. 

67.  Death  of  Aaron  on  Mount  Hor.    P66,  79:  Nu.  SS^^-^\ 
Nu.  202'-^-29 

22  And  they  journeyed  from  Kadesh:  and  the  children  of 

6'  vv.  7-13  contain  more  or  less  E  or  JE:  Gr.,  St.,  Ka.,  et  al.,  or  J:  Smend.  There  is 
doubtless  considerable  revision  by  Rp  (Smend). — Meribah  is  at  Kadesh,  cf.  Ez.  47"  48^8 
Dt.  32"  GFM. 


348  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH    [  Nu.  20^2 

Israel,  even  the  whole  congregation,  came  unto  mount  Hor. 
23  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses  and  Aaron  in  mount  Hor, 
by  the  border  of  the  land  of  Edom,  saying,  24  Aaron  shall  be 
gathered  unto  his  people;  for  he  shall  not  enter  into  the  land 
which  I  have  given  unto  the  children  of  Israel,  because  ye 
rebelled  against  my  word  at  the  waters  of  Meribah.  25  Take 
Aaron  and  Eleazar  his  son,  and  bring  them  up  unto  mount  Hor ; 
26  and  strip  Aaron  of  his  garments,  and  put  them  upon  Eleazar 
his  son :  and  Aaron  shall  be  gathered  unto  his  people,  and  shall 
die  there.  27  And  Moses  did  as  Jehovah  conmianded:  and 
they  went  up  into  mount  Hor  in  the  sight  of  all  the  congre- 
gation. 28  And  Moses  stripped  Aaron  of  his  garments,  and 
put  them  upon  Eleazar  his  son;  and  Aaron  died  there  on  the 
top  of  the  mount :  and  Moses  and  Eleazar  came  down  from  the 
mount.  29  And  when  all  the  congregation  saw  that  Aaron 
was  dead,  they  wept  for  Aaron  thirty  days,  even  all  the  house 
of  Israel. 

68.  Journey  from  Mount  Hor  to  the  Plains  of  Moab.    P79. 

Nu.  214=^-io-ii  221 

4a  And  they  jom^eyed  from  mount  Hor.  10  And  the  chil- 
dren of  Israel  journeyed,  and  encamped  in  Oboth.  11  And 
they  journeyed  from  Oboth,  and  encamped  at  lye-abarim,  in 
the  wilderness  which  is  before  Moab,  toward  the  sunrising. 
22^  And  the  children  of  Israel  journeyed,  and  encamped  in 
the  plains  of  Moab  beyond  the  Jordan  at  Jericho. 

69.  An  Israelite  Who  Marries  a  Midianite  is  Killed. 

J13iv:  Gn.252,  24,  44.  E45.  P60,  77.  Ezra  91-10*^. 
Neh.  1323-27.     Vs.  Ruth. 

Nu.  256- 18 

6  And,  behold,  one  of  the  children  of  Israel  came  and  brought 
unto  his  brethren  a  Midianitish  woman  in  the  sight  of  Moses, 
and  in  the  sight  of  all  the  congregation  of  the  children  of  Israel, 
while  they  were  weeping  at  the  door  of  the  tent  of  meeting. 
7  And  when  Phinehas,  the  son  of  Eleazar,  the  son  of  Aaron  the 
priest,  saw  it,  he  rose  up  from  the  midst  of  the  congregation, 
and  took  a  spear  in  his  hand ;  8  and  he  went  after  the  man  of 
Israel  into  the  pavilion,  and  thrust  both  of  them  through,  the 
man  of  Israel,  and  the  woman  through  her  body.     So  the  plague 

''  After  22'  there  is  an  omission  in  P  (Dr.). 

"The  reff.  to  the  "plague"  vv.  8-9,  16-18  ( latter  Rp?),  cf.  also  PC2:  Nu.  IB^s-so,  indi- 
cate that  Rp  has  omitted  P's  account  of  the  occasion  of  the  plague,  and  has  substituted 
J46  and  E47,  q.v.  P  "may  have  related  that  Balaam,  a  soothsayer  resident  among  the 
Midianites,  suggested  to  the  Midianites  that  they  should  seduce  the  Hebrews  into  inter- 
marrying with  them,  and  thus  involve  Yahweh's  destructive  anger  on  their  enemies;  and 
that  the  stratagem  so  far  succeeded  that  Yahweh  plagued  Israel"  (Gray  384;  so  Di.,  Ki., 
Ra.,  Dr.,  We.). 


...Nu.  261"  ]  P67-70  349 

was  stayed  from  the  children  of  Israel.  9  And  those  that  died 
by  the  plague  were  twenty  and  four  thousand. 

10  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  11  Phinehas, 
the  son  of  Eleazar,  the  son  of  Aaron  the  priest,  hath  turned  my 
wrath  away  from  the  children  of  Israel,  in  that  he  was  jealous 
with  my  jealousy  among  them,  so  that  I  consumed  not  the  chil- 
dren of  Israel  in  my  jealousy,      12  Wherefore  say.  Behold, 

1  give  unto  him  my  covenant  of  peace :  13  and  it  shall  be  unto 
him,  and  to  his  seed  after  him,  the  covenant  of  an  everlasting 
priesthood;  because  he  was  jealous  for  his  God,  and  made 
atonement  for  the  children  of  Israel. 

14  Now  the  name  of  the  man  of  Israel  that  was  slain,  who 
was  slain  with  the  IMidianitish  woman,  was  Zimri,  the  son  of 
Salu,  a  prince  of  a  fathers'  house  among  the  Simeonites,  15  And 
the  name  of  the  Midianitish  woman  that  was  slain  was  Cozbi, 
the  daughter  of  Zur;  he  was  head  of  the  people  of  a  fathers' 
house  in  Midian. 

16  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  17  Vex  the 
Midianites,  and  smite  them;  18  for  they  vex  you  with  their 
wiles,  wherewith  they  have  beguiled  you  in  the  matter  of  Peor, 
and  in  the  matter  of  Cozbi,  the  daughter  of  the  prince  of  Midian, 
their  sister,  who  was  slain  on  the  day  of  the  plague  in  the  matter 
of  Peor. 

70.  Census  of  the  Men  of  War.    P44.    2  S.24.     lCh.21. 

Nu.  26^-^1 

1  And  it  came  to  pass  after  the  plague,  that  Jehovah  spake 
unto  Moses  and  unto  Eleazar  the  son  of  Aaron  the  priest,  saying, 

2  Take  the  sum  of  all  the  congregation  of  the  children  of  Israel, 
from  twenty  years  old  and  upward,  by  their  fathers'  houses, 
all  that  are  able  to  go  forth  to  war  in  Israel.  3  And  Moses  and 
Eleazar  the  priest  spake  with  them  in  the  plains  of  Moab  by 
the  Jordan  at  Jericho,  saying,  4  Take  the  sum  of  the  people, 
from  twenty  years  old  and  upward;  as  Jehovah  commandecl 
Moses  and  the  children  of  Israel,  that  came  forth  out  of  the 
land  of  Egypt. 

5  Reuben,  the  first-born  of  Israel;  the  sons  of  Reuben:  of 
Hanoch,  the  family  of  the  Hanochites;  of  Pallu,  the  famil}^  of 
the  Palluites;  G  of  Hezron,  the  family  of  the  Hezronites;  of 
Carmi,  th(>  family  of  the  Carmitcs.  7  These  are  the  families  of 
the  Reubenites;  and  they  that  were  numbered  of  them  were 
forty  and  three  thousand  and  seven  hundred  and  thirty.  8  And 
the  sons  of  Pallu:  Eliab.  9  And  the  sons  of  Eliab:  Nemuel,  and 
Dathan,  and  Abiiam.  These  are  that  Dathan  and  Abirani,  who  were 
called  of  the  congregation,  who  strove  against  Moses  and  against  Aaron 
in  the  company  of  Korah,  when  they  strove  against  Jehovah,  10  and  the 


350  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH     [  Nu.  26^0 

earth  opened  its  mouth,  and  swallowed  them  up  together  with  Korah, 
when  that  company  died;  what  time  the  fire  devoured  two  hundred  and 
fifty  men,  and  they  became  a  sign.  11  Notwithstanding  the  sons  of 
Korah  died  not. 

12  The  sons  of  Simeon  after  their  families:  of  Nemuel,  the 
family  of  the  Nemuelites ;  of  Jamin,  the  family  of  the  Jaminites ; 
of  Jachin,  the  family  of  the  Jachinites ;  13  of  Zerah,  the  family 
of  the  Zerahites ;  of  Shaul,  the  family  of  the  Shaulites.  14  These 
are  the  families  of  the  Simeonites,  twenty  and  two  thousand 
and  two  hundred. 

15  The  sons  of  Gad  after  their  families:  of  Zephon,  the 
family  of  the  Zephonites ;  of  Haggi,  the  family  of  the  Haggites ; 
of  Shuni,  the  family  of  the  Shunites;  16  of  Ozni,  the  family 
of  the  Oznites;  of  Eri,  the  family  of  the  Erites;  17  of  Arod, 
the  family  of  the  Arodites ;  of  Areli,  the  family  of  the  Arelites. 
18  These  are  the  families  of  the  sons  of  Gad  according  to  those 
that  were  numbered  of  them,  forty  thousand  and  five  hun- 
dred. 

19  The  sons  of  Judah:  Er  and  Onan;  and  Er  and  Onan 
died  in  the  land  of  Canaan.  20  And  the  sons  of  Judah  after 
their  families  were:  of  Shelah,  the  family  of  the  Shelanites; 
of  Perez,  the  family  of  the  Perezites;  of  Zerah,  the  family  of 
the  Zerahites.  21  And  the  sons  of  Perez  were :  of  Hezron,  the 
family  of  the  Hezronites ;  of  Hamul,  the  family  of  the  Hamulites. 
22  These  are  the  families  of  Judah  according  to  those  that  were 
numbered  of  them,  threescore  and  sixteen  thousand  and  five 
hundred. 

23  The  sons  of  Issachar  after  their  families:  of  Tola,  the 
family  of  the  Tolaites;  of  Puvah,  the  family  of  the  Punites; 
24  of  Jashub,  the  family  of  the  Jashubites;  of  Shimron,  the 
family  of  the  Shimronites.  25  These  are  the  families  of  Issa- 
char according  to  those  that  were  numbered  of  them,  three- 
score and  four  thousand  and  three  hundred. 

26  The  sons  of  Zebulun  after  their  families:  of  Sered,  the 
family  of  the  Seredites;  of  Elon,  the  family  of  the  Elonites; 
of  Jahleel,  the  family  of  the  Jahleelites.  27  These  are  the 
families  of  the  Zebulunites  according  to  those  that  were  num- 
bered of  them,  threescore  thousand  and  five  hundred. 

28  The  sons  of  Joseph  after  their  families:  Manasseh  and 
Ephraim.  29  The  sons  of  Manasseh:  of  Machir,  the  family 
of  the  Machirites;  and  Machir  begat  Gilead:  of  Gilead,  the 
family  of  the  Gileadites.  30  These  are  the  sons  of  Gilead: 
of  lezer,  the  family  of  the  lezerites ;  of  Helek,  the  family  of  the 
Helekites;  31  and  o/  Asriel,  the  family  of  the  Asrielites;  and 
oj  Shechem,  the  family  of  the  Shechemites ;  32  and  of  Shemida, 
tile  family  of  the  Shemidaites;   and  of  Hepher,  the  family  of 


-26^'  ]  P70  351 

the  Hepherites.  33  And  Zclophehad  the  son  of  Hepher  had 
no  sons,  but  daugliters:  and  the  names  of  the  daughters  of 
Zelophehad  were  Mahhih,  and  Noah,  Hoglah,  Milcah,  and 
Tirzah.  34  These  are  the  families  of  Manasseh ;  and  they  that 
were  numbered  of  them  were  fifty  and  two  thousand  and  seven 
hundred. 

35  These  are  the  sons  of  Ephraim  after  their  families:  of 
Shuthelah,  the  family  of  the  Shuthelahites;  of  Becher,  the 
family  of  the  Becherites ;  of  Tahan,  the  family  of  the  Tahanites. 
36  And  these  are  the  sons  of  Shuthelah :  of  Eran,  the  family  of 
the  Eranites.  37  These  are  the  families  of  the  sons  of  Ephraim 
according  to  those  that  were  numbered  of  them,  thirty  and 
two  thousand  and  five  hundred.  These  are  the  sons  of  Joseph 
after  their  families. 

38  The  sons  of  Benjamin  after  their  families:  of  Bela,  the 
family  of  the  Belaites;  of  Ashbel,  the  family  of  the  Ashbelites; 
of  Ahiram,  the  family  of  the  Ahiramites;  39  of  Shephupham, 
the  family  of  the  Shuphamites;  of  Hupham,  the  family  of  the 
Huphamites.  40  And  the  sons  of  Bela  were  Ard  and  Naaman : 
of  Ard,  the  family  of  the  Ardites;  of  Naaman,  the  family  of 
the  Naamites.  41  These  are  the  sons  of  Benjamin  after  their 
families ;  and  they  that  were  numbered  of  them  were  forty  and 
five  thousand  and  six  hundred. 

42  These  are  the  sons  of  Dan  after  their  families :  of  Shuham, 
the  family  of  the  Shuhamites.  These  are  the  families  of  Dan 
after  their  families.  43  All  the  families  of  the  Shuhamites, 
according  to  those  that  were  numbered  of  them,  were  three- 
score and  four  thousand  and  four  hundred. 

44  The  sons  of  Asher  after  their  families:  of  Imnah,  the 
family  of  the  Imnites;  of  Ishvi,  the  family  of  the  Ishvites;  of 
Beriah,  the  family  of  the  Beriites.  45  Of  the  sons  of  Beriah : 
of  Heber,  the  family  of  the  Heberites;  of  Malchiel,  the  family 
of  the  Malchielites.  46  And  the  name  of  the  daughter  of  Asher 
was  Serah.  47  These  are  the  families  of  the  sons  of  Asher 
according  to  those  that  were  numbered  of  them,  fifty  and  three 
thousand  and  four  hundred. 

48  The  sons  of  Naphtali  after  their  families:  of  Jahzeel, 
the  family  of  the  Jahzeelites;  of  Guni,  the  family  of  the 
Gunites ;  49  of  Jezer,  the  family  of  the  Jezerites ;  of  Shillem, 
the  family  of  the  Shillemitcs.  50  These  are  the  families 
of  Naphtali  according  to  their  families;  and  they  that  were 
numl)ered  of  them  were  forty  and  five  thousand  and  four  hun- 
dred. 

51  These  are  they  that  were  numbered  of  the  children  of 
Israel,  six  hundred  thousand  and  a  thousand  seven  hundred  and 
thirty. 


352  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH    [  Nu.  26^^ 

71.  Command  to  Divide  Canaan  by  Lot.    J53,  54.     E64. 

P80. 

NU.  26^2-56 

52  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  53  Unto  these 
the  land  shall  be  divided  for  an  inheritance  according  to  the 
number  of  names.  54  To  the  more  thou  shalt  give  the  more 
inheritance,  and  to  the  fewer  thou  shalt  give  the  less  inheritance : 
to  every  one  according  to  those  that  were  numbered  of  him  shall 
his  inheritance  be  given.  55  Notwithstanding,  the  land  shall 
be  divided  by  lot:  according  to  the  names  of  the  tribes  of 
their  fathers  they  shall  inherit.  56  According  to  the  lot  shall 
their  inheritance  be  divided  between  the  more  and  the  fewer. 

72.  Census  of  the  Levites. 
Nu.  26"-«5 

57  And  these  are  they  that  were  numbered  of  the  Levites 
after  their  famihes :  of  Gershon,  the  family  of  the  Gershonites ; 
of  Kohath,  the  family  of  the  Kohathitas ;  of  Merari,  the  family 
of  the  Merarites.  58  These  are  the  families  of  Levi:  the 
family  of  the  Libnites,  the  family  of  the  Hebronites,  the  family 
of  the  Mahlites,  the  family  of  the  Mushites,  the  family  of  the 
Korahites.  And  Kohath  begat  Amram.  59  And  the  name  of 
Amram's  wife  was  Jochebed,  the  daughter  of  Levi,  who  was 
born  to  Levi  in  Egypt :  and  she  bare  unto  Amram  Aaron  and 
Moses,  and  Miriam  their  sister.  60  And  unto  Aaron  were 
born  Nadab  and  Abihu,  Eleazar  and  Ithamar.  61  And  Nadab 
and  Abihu  died,  when  they  offered  strange  fire  before  Jehovah. 
62  And  they  that  were  numbered  of  them  were  twenty  and  three 
thousand,  every  male  from  a  month  old  and  upward :  for  they 
were  not  numbered  among  the  children  of  Israel,  because  there 
was  no  inheritance  given  them  among  the  children  of  Israel. 

63  These  are  they  that  were  numbered  by  Moses  and  Elea- 
zar the  priest,  who  numbered  the  children  of  Israel  in  the  plains 
of  Moab  by  the  Jordan  at  Jericho.  64  But  among  these  there 
was  not  a  man  of  them  that  were  numbered  by  Moses  and 
Aaron  the  priest,  who  numbered  the  children  of  Israel  in  the 
wilderness  of  Sinai.  65  For  Jehovah  had  said  of  them,  They 
shall  surely  die  in  the  wilderness.  And  there  was  not  left  a 
man  of  them,  save  Caleb  the  son  of  Jephunneh,  and  Joshua 
the  son  of  Nun. 

73.  The  Inheritance  of  the  Daughters  of  Zelophehad. 

P71,  82. 
Nu.  27^-" 
1  Then  drew  near  the  daughters  of  Zelophehad,  the  son 

"  Another  legal  precedent. 


-2718  ]  P71-74  353 

of  Hepher,  the  son  of  Gilead,  the  son  of  Machir,  the  son  of 
Manasseh,  of  the  families  of  Manasseh  the  son  of  Joseph ;  and 
these  are  the  names  of  his  daughters:  Mahlah,  Noah,  and 
Hoglah,  and  Milcah,  and  Tirzali.  2  And  they  stood  before 
Moses,  and  before  Eleazar  the  priest,  and  before  the  princes 
and  all  the  congregation,  at  the  door  of  the  tent  of  meeting, 
saying,  3  Our  father  died  in  the  wilderness,  and  he  was  not 
among  the  company  of  them  that  gathered  themselves  together 
against  Jehovah  in  the  company  of  Korah :  but  he  died  in  his 
o^vn  sin ;  and  he  had  no  sons.  4  Why  should  the  name  of  our 
father  be  taken  away  from  among  his  family,  because  he  had 
no  son?  Give  unto  us  a  possession  among  the  brethren  of  our 
father.     5  And  Moses  brought  their  cause  before  Jehovah. 

6  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  7  The  daughters 
of  Zelophehad  speak  right:  thou  shalt  surely  give  them  a 
possession  of  an  inheritance  among  their  father's  brethren; 
and  thou  shalt  cause  the  inheritance  of  their  father  to  pass  unto 
them.  8  And  thou  shalt  speak  unto  the  children  of  Israel, 
saying,  If  a  man  die,  and  have  no  son,  then  ye  shall  cause  his 
inheritance  to  pass  unto  his  daughter.  9  And  if  he  have  no 
daughter,  then  ye  shall  give  his  inheritance  unto  his  brethren. 
10  And  if  he  have  no  brethren,  then  ye  shall  give  his  inheritance 
unto  his  father's  brethren.  11  And  if  his  father  have  no 
brethren,  then  ye  shall  give  his  inheritance  unto  his  kinsman 
that  is  next  to  him  of  his  family,  and  he  shall  possess  it :  and  it 
shall  be  unto  the  children  of  Israel  a  statute  and  ordinance,  as 
Jehovah  commanded  Moses. 

74.  Moses  Sees  Canaan  from  Mount  Abarim  and  Appoints 
Joshua  as  His  Successor.    P67,  83,  84. 

Nu.  27^2-23 

12  And  Jehovah  said  unto  Moses,  Get  thee  up  into  this 
mountain  of  Abarim,  and  behold  the  land  which  I  have  given 
unto  the  children  of  Israel.  13  And  when  thou  hast  seen  it, 
thou  also  shalt  be  gathered  unto  thy  people,  as  Aaron  thy 
brother  was  gathered;  14  because  ye  rebelled  against  my 
word  in  the  wilderness  of  Zin,  in  the  strife  of  the  congregation, 
to  sanctify  me  at  the  waters  before  their  eyes.  (These  are  the 
waters  of  Meribah  of  Kadesh  in  the  wilderness  of  Zin.) 

15  And  Moses  spake  unto  Jehovah,  saying,  16  Let  Jehovah 
the  God  of  the  spirits  of  all  flesh,  appoint  a  man  over  the  con- 
gregation, 17  who  may  go  out  before  them,  and  who  may  come 
in  before  them,  and  who  may  lead  them  out,  and  who  may 
bring  them  in;  that  the  congregation  of  Jehovah  be  not  as 
sheep  which  have  no  shepherd.  18  And  Jehovah  said  unto 
Moses,  Take  thee  Joshua  the  son  of  Nun,  a  man  in  whom  is 


354      SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH  [  Nu.  27 ^^ 

the  Spirit,  and  lay  thy  hand  upon  him ;  19  and  set  him  before 
Eleazar  the  priest,  and  before  all  the  congregation;  and  give 
him  a  charge  in  their  sight.  20  And  thou  shalt  put  of  thine 
honor  upon  him,  that  all  the  congregation  of  the  children  of 
Israel  may  obey.  21  And  he  shall  stand  before  Eleazar  the 
priest,  who  shall  inquire  for  him  by  the  judgment  of  the  Urim 
before  Jehovah :  at  his  word  shall  they  go  out,  and  at  his  word 
they  shall  come  in,  both  he,  and  all  the  children  of  Israel  with 
him,  even  all  the  congregation.  22  And  Moses  did  as  Jehovah 
commanded  him;  and  he  took  Joshua,  and  set  him  before 
Eleazar  the  priest,  and  bjefore  all  the  congregation :  23  and  he 
laid  his  hands  upon  him,  and  gave  him  a  charge,  as  Jehovah 
spake  by  Moses. 

75.  Laws  for  Various  Offerings  on  Special  Days.  P37. 
P42viH. 
Nu.  28i-29*« 
OQ  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  2  Command 
^^  the  children  of  Israel,  and  say  unto  them,  My  oblation, 
my  food  for  my  offerings  made  by  fire,  of  a  sweet  savor  unto 
me,  shall  ye  observe  to  offer  unto  me  in  their  due  season. 

3  And  thou  shalt  say  unto  them.  This  is  the  offering  made 
by  fire  which  ye  shall  offer  unto  Jehovah :  he-lambs  a  year  old 
without  blemish,  two  day  by  day,  for  a  continual  burnt-offering. 

4  The  one  lamb  shalt  thou  offer  in  the  morning,  and  the  other 
lamb  shalt  thou  offer  at  even ;  5  and  the  tenth  part  of  an  ephah 
of  fine  flour  for  a  meal-offering,  mingled  with  the  fourth  part 
of  a  hin  of  beaten  oil.  6  It  is  a  continual  burnt-offering,  which 
was  ordained  in  mount  Sinai  for  a  sweet  savor,  an  offering 
made  by  fire  unto  Jehovah.  7  And  the  drink-offering  thereof 
shall  be  the  fourth  part  of  a  hin  for  the  one  lamb :  in  the  holy 
place  shalt  thou  pour  out  a  drink-offering  of  strong  drink  unto 
Jehovah.  8  And  the  other  lamb  shalt  thou  offer  at  even: 
as  the  meal-offering  of  the  morning,  and  as  the  drink-offering 
thereof,  thou  shalt  offer  it,  an  offering  made  by  fire,  of  a  sweet 
savor  unto  Jehovah. 

9  And  on  the  Sabbath  day  two  he-lambs  a  year  old  without 
blemish,  and  two  tenth  parts  of  an  ephah  of  fine  flour  for  a  meal- 
offering,  mingled  with  oil,  and  the  drink-offering  thereof: 
10  this  is  the  burnt-offering  of  every  sabbath,  besides  the 
continual  burnt-offering,  and  the  drink-offering  thereof. 

11  And  in  the  beginnings  of  your  months  ye  shall  offer  a 
burnt-offering  unto  Jehovah :  two  young  bullocks  and  one  ram, 
seven  he-lambs  a  year  old  without  blemish ;  12  and  three  tenth 

"  Nu.  28  supplements  Lv.  23.  283-8  is  substantially  the  same  as  P32:  Ex.  2938-42;  29"-" 
is  a  subscription. 


-292  ]  P74-75  355 

parts  of  an  ephah  of  fine  flour  for  a  meal-offering,  mingled  with 
oil,  for  each  bullock ;  and  two  tenth  parts  of  fine  flour  for  a 
meal-offering,  mingled  with  oil,  for  the  one  ram;  13  and  a  tenth 
part  of  fine  flour  mingled  with  oil  for  a  meal-offering  unto 
every  lamb;  for  a  burnt-offering  of  a  sweet  savor,  an  offering 
made  by  fire  unto  Jehovah,  14  And  their  drink-offerings  shall 
be  half  a  hin  of  wine  for  a  bullock,  and  the  third  part  of  a  hin 
for  the  ram,  and  the  fourth  part  of  a  hin  for  a  lamb :  this  is  the 
burnt-offering  of  every  month  throughout  the  months  of  the 
year.  15  And  one  he-goat  for  a  sin-offering  unto  Jehovah; 
it  shall  be  offered  beside  the  continual  burnt-offering,  and  the 
drink-offering  thereof. 

16  And  in  the  first  month,  on  the  fourteenth  day  of  the  month, 
is  Jehovah's  passover.  17  And  on  the  fifteenth  day  of  this 
month  shall  be  a  feast:  seven  days  shall  unleavened  bread  be 
eaten.  18  In  the  first  day  shall  be  a  holy  convocation;  ye 
shall  do  no  servile  work ;  19  but  ye  shall  offer  an  offering  made 
by  fire,  a  burnt-offering  unto  Jehovah :  two  young  bullocks, 
and  one  ram,  and  seven  he-lambs  a  year  old ;  they  shall  be  unto 
you  without  blemish;  20  and  their  meal-offering,  fine  flour 
mingled  with  oil :  three  tenth  parts  shall  ye  offer  for  a  bullock, 
and  two  tenth  parts  for  the  ram;  21  a  tenth  part  shalt  thou 
offer  for  every  lamb  of  the  seven  lambs;  22  and  one  he-goat 
for  a  sin-offering,  to  make  atonement  for  you.  23  Ye  shall 
offer  these  besides  the  burnt-offering  of  the  morning,  which  is 
for  a  continual  burnt-offering.  24  After  this  manner  ye  shall 
offer  daily,  for  seven  days,  the  food  of  the  offering  made  by  fire, 
of  a  sweet  savor  unto  Jehovah:  it  shall  be  offered  beside  the 
continual  burnt-offering,  and  the  drink-offering  thereof.  25  And 
on  the  seventh  day  ye  shall  have  a  holy  convocation;  ye  shall 
do  no  servile  work. 

26  Also  in  the  day  of  the  first-fruits,  when  ye  offer  a  new 
meal-offering  unto  Jehovah  in  your  feast  of  weeks,  ye  shall  have 
a  holy  convocation;  ye  shall  do  no  servile  work;  27  but  ye 
shall  offer  a  burnt-offering  for  a  sweet  savor  unto  Jehovah: 
two  young  bullocks,   one  ram,   seven   he-Iambs  a  year  old; 

28  and  their  meal-offering,  fine  flour  mingled  with  oil,  three 
tenth  parts  for  each  bullock,  two  tenth  parts  for  the  one  ram, 

29  a  tenth  part  for  every  lamb  of  the  seven  lambs;  30  one  he- 
goat,  to  make  atonement  for  you.  31  Besides  the  continual 
burnt-offering,  and  the  meal-offering  thereof,  ye  shall  offer 
them  (they  shall  be  unto  you  without  blemish),  and  their  drink- 
offerings. 

OQ     And  in  the  seventh  month,  on  the  first  day  of  the  month, 

*^  ye  shall  have  a  holy  convocation;   ye  shall  do  no  servile 

work:   it  is  a  day  of  blowing  of  trumpets  unto  you.     2  And 


356  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH      [Nu.  29^ 

ye  shall  offer  a  burnt-offering  for  a  sweet  savor  unto  Jehovah : 
one  young  bullock,  one  ram,  seven  he-lambs  a  year  old  without 
blemish ;  3  and  their  meal-offering,  fine  flour  mingled  with  oil, 
three  tenth  parts  for  the  bullock,  two  tenth  parts  for  the  ram, 
4  and  one  tenth  part  for  every  lamb  of  the  seven  lambs ;  5  and 
one  he-goat  for  a  sin-offering,  to  make  atonement  for  you ;  6  be- 
sides the  burnt  offering  of  the  new  moon,  and  the  meal-offering 
thereof,  and  the  continual  burnt-offering  and  the  meal-offering 
thereof,  and  their  drink-offerings,  according  unto  their  ordi- 
nance, for  a  sweet  savor,  an  offering  made  by  fire  unto  Je- 
hovah. 

7  And  on  the  tenth  day  of  this  seventh  month  ye  shall  have 
a  holy  convocation;  and  ye  shall  afflict  your  souls:  ye  shall 
do  no  manner  of  work;  8  but  ye  shall  offer  a  burnt-offering 
unto  Jehovah  for  a  sweet  savor :  one  young  bullock,  one  ram, 
seven  he-lambs  a  year  old;  they  shall  be  unto  you  without 
blemish ;  9  and  their  me.al-offering,  fine  flour  mingled  with  oil, 
three  tenth  parts  for  the  bullock,  two  tenth  parts  for  the  one 
ram,  10  a  tenth  part  for  every  lamb  of  the  seven  lambs :  1 1  one 
he-goat  for  a  sin-offering ;  besides  the  sin-offering  of  atonement, 
and  the  continu.al  burnt-offering,  and  the  meal-offering  thereof, 
and  their  drink-offerings. 

12  And  on  the  fifteenth  day  of  the  seventh  month  ye  shall 
have  a  holy  convocation;  ye  shall  do  no  servile  work,  and  ye 
shall  keep  a  feast  unto  Jehovah  seven  days:  13  and  ye  shall 
offer  a  burnt-offering,  an  offering  made  by  fire,  of  a  sweet  savor 
unto  Jehovah;  thirteen  young  bullocks,  two  rams,  fourteen 
he-lambs  a  year  old ;  they  shall  be  without  blemish ;  14  and  their 
meal-offering,  fine  flour  mingled  with  oil,  three  tenth  parts  for 
every  bullock  of  the  thirteen  bullocks,  two  tenth  parts  for  each 
ram  of  the  two  rams,  15  and  a  tenth  part  for  every  lamb  of 
the  fourteen  lambs ;  16  and  one  he-goat  for  a  sin-offering ;  be- 
sides the  continual  burnt-offering,  the  meal-offering  thereof,  and 
the  drink-offering  thereof. 

17  And  on  the  second  day  ye  shall  offer  twelve  young  bul- 
locks, two  rams,  fourteen  he-lambs  a  year  old  without  blemish ; 
18  and  their  meal-offering  and  their  drink-offerings  for  the 
bullocks,  for  the  rams,  and  for  the  lambs,  according  to  their 
number,  after  the  ordinance;  19  and  one  he-goat  for  a  sin- 
offering;  besides  the  continual  burnt-offering,  and  the  meal- 
offering  thereof,  and  their  drink-offerings. 

20  And  on  the  third  day  eleven  bullocks,  two  rams,  fourteen 
he-lambs  a  year  old  without  blemish ;  21  and  their  meal-offer- 
ing and  their  drink-offerings  for  the  bullocks,  for  the  rams,  and 
for  the  lambs,  according  to  their  number,  after  the  ordinance ; 
22  and  one  he-goat  for  a  sin-offering;    besides  the  continual 


-29""  ]  P75  357 

burnt-offering,  and  the  meal-offering  thereof,  and  the  drink- 
offering  thereof. 

23  And  on  the  fourth  day  ten  bullocks,  two  rams,  fourteen 
hc-lam])s  a  year  old  without  blemish;  24  their  meal-offering 
and  their  drink-offerings  for  the  bullocks,  for  the  rams,  and  for 
the  lambs,  according  to  their  number,  after  the  ordinance; 
25  and  one  he-goat  for  a  sin-offering;  besides  the  continual 
bumt-offering,  the  meal-offering  thereof,  and  the  drink-offering 
thereof. 

26  And  on  the  fifth  day  nine  bullocks,  two  rams,  fourteen 
he-lambs  a  year  old  without  blemish ;  27  and  their  meal-offer- 
ing and  their  drink-offerings  for  the  bullocks,  for  the  rams,  and 
for  the  lambs,  according  to  their  number,  after  the  ordinance; 
28  and  one  he-goat  for  a  sin-offering;  besides  the  continual 
burnt-offering,  and  the  meal-offering  thereof,  and  the  drink- 
offering  thereof. 

29  And  on  the  sixth  day  eight  bullocks,  two  rams,  fourteen 
he-lambs  a  year  old  without  blemish ;  30  and  their  meal-offer- 
ing and  their  drinkj-offerings  for  the  bullocks,  for  the  rams, 
and  for  the  lambs  according  to  their  number,  after  the  ordi- 
nance; 31  and  one  he-goat  for  a  sin-offering;  besides  the  con- 
tinual burnt-offering,  the  meal-offering  thereof,  and  the  drink- 
offerings  thereof. 

32  And  on  the  seventh  day  seven  bullocks,  two  rams,  four- 
teen he-lambs  a  year  old  without  blemish ;  33  and  their  meal- 
offering  and  their  drink-offerings  for  the  bullocks,  for  the  rams, 
and  for  the  lambs,  according  to  their  number,  after  the  ordi- 
nance ;  34  and  one  he-goat  for  a  sin-offering ;  besides  the  con- 
tinual bumt-offering,  the  meal-offering  thereof,  and  the  drink- 
offering  thereof. 

35  On  the  eighth  day  ye  shall  have  a  solemn  assembly: 
ye  shall  do  no  scrvik^  work;  36  but  ye  shall  offer  a  burnt- 
offering,  an  offering  made  ^by  fire,  of  a  sweet  savor  unto  Je- 
hovah: one  bullock,  one  ram,  seven  he-lambs  a  year  old 
without  blemish;  37  their  meal-offering  and  their  drink- 
offerings  for  the  bullock,  for  the  ram,  and  for  the  lambs, 
shall  be  according  to  their  number,  after  the  ordinance:  38 
and  on(^  he-goat  for  a  sin-offering ;  besides  the  continual  burnt- 
olfering,  and  the  meal-offering  thereof,  and  the  drink-offering 
thereof. 
39  These  ye  shall  offer  unto  Jehovah  in  your  set  feasts,  be- 
sides your  vows,  and  your  freewill-offerings,  for  your  burnt- 
offerings,  and  for  your  meal-offerings,  and  for  your  drink-offer- 
ings, and  for  your  peace-offerings.  40  And  Moses  told  the 
children  of  Israel  according  to  all  that  Jehovah  commanded 
Moses. 


358  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH      [  Nu.  30^ 

76.  Laws  Governing  Vows.     P43. 

Nu.  30i-i« 

1  And  Moses  spake  unto  the  heads  of  the  tribes  of  the  chil- 
dren of  Israel,  saying,  This  is  the  thing  which  Jehovah  hath 
commanded.  2  When  a  man  voweth  a  vow  unto  Jehovah,  or 
sweareth  an  oath  to  bind  his  soul  with  a  bond,  he  shall  not 
break  his  word ;  he  shall  do  according  to  all  that  proceedeth  out 
of  his  mouth.  3  Also  when  a  woman  voweth  a  vow  unto  Jeho- 
vah, and  bindeth  herself  by  a  bond,  being  in  her  father's  house, 
in  her  youth,  4  and  her  father  heareth  her  vow,  and  her  bond 
wherewith  she  hath  bound  her  soul,  and  her  father  holdeth  his 
peace  at  her ;  then  all  her  vows  shall  stand,  and  every  bond 
wherewith  she  hath  bound  her  soul  shall  stand.  5  But  if  her 
father  disallow  her  in  the  day  that  he  heareth,  none  of  her  vows, 
or  of  her  bonds  wherewith  she  hath  bound  her  soul,  shall  stand : 
and  Jehovah  will  forgive  her,  because  her  father  disallowed 
her. 

6  And  if  she  be  married  to  a  husband,  while  her  vows  are 
upon  her,  or  the  rash  utterance  of  her  lips,  wherewith  she  hath 
bound  her  soul,  7  and  her  husband  hear  it,  and  hold  his  peace  at 
her  in  the  day  that  he  heareth  it ;  then  her  vows  shall  stand,  and 
her  bonds  wherewith  she  hath  bound  her  soul  shall  stand.  8  But 
if  her  husband  disallow  her  in  the  day  that  he  heareth  it,  then 
he  shall  make  void  her  vow  which  is  upon  her,  and  the  rash 
utterance  of  her  lips,  wherewith  she  hath  bound  her  soul :  and 
Jehovah  will  forgive  her. 

9  But  the  vow  of  a  widow,  or  of  her  that  is  divorced,  even 
everything  wherewith  she  hath  bound  her  soul,  shall  stand 
against  her.  10  And  if  she  vowed  in  her  husband's  house,  or 
bound  her  soul  by  a  bond  with  an  oath,  11  and  her  husband 
heard  it,  and  held  his  peace  at  her,  and  disallowed  her  not; 
then  all  her  vows  shall  stand,  and  every  bond  wherewith  she 
bound  her  soul  shall  stand.  12  But  if  her  husband  made  them 
null  and  void  in  the  day  that  he  heard  them,  then  whatsoever 
proceeded  out  of  her  lips  concerning  her  vows,  or  concerning 
the  bond  of  her  soul,  shall  not  stand :  her  husband  hath  made 
them  void ;  and  Jehovah  will  forgive  her. 

13  Every  vow,  and  every  binding  oath  to  afflict  the  soul,  her 
husband  may  establish  it,  or  her  husband  may  make  it  void. 
14  But  if  her  husband  altogether  hold  his  peace  at  her  from 
day  to  day,  then  he  establisheth  all  her  vows,  or  all  her  bonds, 
which  are  upon  her :  he  hath  established  them,  because  he  held 
his  peace  at  her  in  the  day  that  he  heard  them.  15  But  if  he 
shall  make  them  null  and  void  after  that  he  hath  heard  them, 
then  he  shall  bear  her  iniquity.  16  These  are  the  statutes, 
which  Jehovah  commanded  Moses,  between  a  man  and  his  wife, 


-31'«]  P76-77  359 

between  a  father  and  his  daughter,  being  in  her  youth,  in  her 
father's  house. 

77.  The  War  Against  Midian.  J24.  P69.  Jg.  6-8.  Is. 
9»  1026.     Ps.  833-12. 

Nu.  3P-" 

1  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  2  Avenge  the 
children  of  Israel  of  the  Midianites :  afterward  shalt  thou  be 
gathered  unto  thy  people.  3  And  Moses  spake  unto  the  people, 
saying,  Arm  ye  men  from  among  you  for  the  war,  that  they  may 
go  against  Midian,  to  execute  Jehovah's  vengeance  on  Midian. 
4  Of  every  tribe  a  thousand,  throughout  all  the  tribes  of  Israel, 
shall  ye  send  to  the  war.  5  So  there  were  delivered,  out  of 
the  thousands  of  Israel,  a  thousand  of  every  tribe,  twelve  thou- 
sand armed  for  war.  6  And  Moses  sent  them,  a  thousand  of 
every  tribe,  to  the  war,  them  and  Phinehas  the  son  of  Eleazar 
the  priest,  to  the  war,  with  the  vessels  of  the  sanctuary  and  the 
trumpets  for  the  alarm  in  his  hand.  7  And  they  warred  against 
Midian,  as  Jehovah  commanded  Moses;  and  they  slew  every 
male.  8  And  they  slew  the  kings  of  Midian  with  the  rest  of 
their  slain :  Evi,.and  Rekem,  and  Zur,  and  Hur,  and  Reba,  the 
five  kings  of  Midian:  Balaam  also  the  son  of  Beor  they  slew 
with  the  sword.  9  And  the  children  of  Israel  took  captive  the 
women  of  Midian  and  their  little  ones ;  and  all  their  cattle,  and 
all  their  flocks,  and  all  their  goods,  they  took  for  a  prey.  10  And 
all  their  cities  in  the  places  wherein  they  dwelt,  and  all  their 
encampments,  they  burnt  with  fire.  11  And  they  took  all  the 
spoil,  and  all  the  prey,  both  of  man  and  of  beast.  12  And  they 
brought  the  captives,  and  the  prey,  and  the  spoil,  unto  Moses, 
and  unto  Eleazar  the  priest,  and  unto  the  congregation  of  the 
children  of  Israel,  unto  the  camp  at  the  plains  of  Moab,  which 
are  by  the  Jordan  at  Jericho. 

13  And  Moses,  and  Eleazar  the  priest,  and  all  the  princes  of 
the  congregation,  went  forth  to  meet  them  without  the  camp. 
14  And  Moses  was  wroth  with  the  officers  of  the  host,  the  cap- 
tains of  thousands  and  the  captains  of  hundreds,  who  came  from 
the  service  of  the  war.  15  And  Moses  said  unto  them.  Have 
ye  saved  all  the  women  alive?  16  Behold,  these  caused  the 
children  of  Israel,  through  the  counsel  of  Balaam,  to  commit 
trespass  against  Jehovah  in  the  matter  of  Peor,  and  so  the  plague 
was  among  the  congregation  of  Jehovah.  17  Now  therefore 
kill  every  male  among  the  little  ones,  and  kill  every  woman  that 
hath  known  man  by  lying  with  him.  18  But  all  the  women- 
children,  that  have  not  known  man  by  lying  with  him,  keep 
alive  for  yourselves.  19  And  encamp  ye  without  the  camp 
seven  days :  whosoever  hath  killed  any  person,  and  whosoever 


360  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH    [  Nu.  SP^ 

hath  touched  any  slain,  purify  yourselves  on  the  third  day  and 
on  the  seventh  day,  ye  and  your  captives.  20  And  as  to  every 
garment,  and  all  that  is  made  of  skin,  and  all  work  of  goats'  hair, 
and  all  things  made  of  wood,  ye  shall  purify  yourselves. 

21  And  Eleazar  the  priest  said  unto  the  men  of  war  that 
went  to  the  battle.  This  is  the  statute  of  the  law  which  Jehovah 
hath  commanded  Moses:  22  howbeit  the  gold,  and  the  silver, 
the  brass,  the  iron,  the  tin,  and  the  lead,  23  everything  that 
may  abide  the  fire,  ye  shall  make  to  go  through  the  fire,  and  it 
shall  be  clean;  nevertheless  it  shall  be  purified  with  the  water 
for  impurity:  and  all  that  abideth  not  the  fire  ye  shall  make 
to  go  through  the  water.  24  And  ye  shall  wash  your  clothes 
on  the  seventh  day,  and  ye  shall  be  clean;  and  afterward  ye 
shall  come  into  the  camp. 

25  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  26  Take  the 
sum  of  the  prey  that  was  taken,  both  of  man  and  of  beast, 
thou,  and  Eleazar  the  priest,  and  the  heads  of  the  fathers' 
houses  of  the  congregation;  27  and  divide  the  prey  into  two 
parts :  between  the  men  skilled  in  war,  that  went  out  to  battle, 
and  all  the  congregation.  28  And  levy  a  tribute  unto  Jehovah 
of  the  men  of  war  that  went  out  to  battle :  one  soul  of  five  hun- 
dred, both  of  the  persons,  and  of  the  oxen,  and  of  the  asses,  and 
of  the  flocks :  29  take  it  of  their  half,  and  give  it  unto  Eleazar 
the  priest,  for  Jehovah's  heave-offering.  30  And  of  the  chil- 
dren of  Israel's  half,  thou  shalt  take  one  drawn  out  of  every 
fifty,  of  the  persons,  of  the  oxen,  of  the  asses,  and  of  the  flocks, 
everi  of  all  the  cattle,  and  give  them  unto  the  Levites,  that  keep 
the  charge  of  the  tabernacle  of  Jehovah.  31  And  Moses  and 
Eleazar  the  priest  did  as  Jehovah  commanded  Moses. 

32  Now  the  prey,  over  and  above  the  booty  which  the  men  of 
war  took,  was  six  hundred  thousand  and  seventy  thousand  and 
five  thousand  sheep,  33  and  threescore  and  twelve  thousand 
oxen,  34  and  threescore  and  one  thousand  asses,  35  and 
thirty  and  two  thousand  persons  in  all,  of  the  women  that  had 
not  known  man  })y  lying  with  him.  36  And  the  half,  which 
was  the  portion  of  them  that  went  out  to  war,  was  in  number 
three  hundred  thousand  and  thirty  thousand  and  seven  thou- 
sand and  five  hundred  sheep :  37  and  Jehovah's  tribute  of  the 
sheep  was  six  hundred  and  threescore  and  fifteen.  38  And  the 
oxen  were  thirty  and  six  thousand;  of  which  Jehovah's  tribute 
was  threescore  and  twelve.  39  And  the  asses  were  thirty 
thousand  and  five  hundred;  of  which  Jehovah's  tribute  was 
threescore  and  one.  40  And  the  persons  were  sixteen  thou- 
sand; of  whom  Jehovah's  tribute  was  thirty  and  two  persons. 
41  And  Moses  gave  the  tribute,  which  was  Jehovah's  heave- 
offering,  unto  Eleazar  the  priest,  as  Jehovah  commanded  Moses. 


-325 ]  P77-78  361 

42  And  of  the  children  of  Israel's  half,  which  Moses  divided 
off  from  the  men  that  warred  43  (now  the  congregation's  half 
was  three  hundred  thousand  and  thirty  thousand,  seven  thou- 
sand and  five  hundred  sheep,  44  and  thirty  and  six  thousand 
oxen,  45  and  thirty  thousand  and  five  hundred  asses,  46  and 
sixteen  thousand  persons),  47  even  of  the  children  of  Israel's 
half,  Moses  took  one  drawn  out  of  every  fifty,  both  of  man 
and  of  beast,  and  gave  them  unto  the  Levites,  that  kept  the 
charge  of  the  tabernacle  of  Jehovah ;  as  Jehovah  conmianded 
Moses. 

48  And  the  officers  that  were  over  the  thousands  of  the  host, 
the  captains  of  thousands,  and  the  captains  of  hundreds,  came 
near  unto  Moses ;  49  and  they  said  unto  Moses,  Thy  servants 
have  taken  the  sum  of  the  men  of  war  that  are  under  our  charge, 
and  there  lacketh  not  one  man  of  us.  50  And  we  have  brought 
Jehovah's  oblation,  what  every  man  hath  gotten,  of  jewels  of 
gold,  ankle-chains,  and  bracelets,  signet-rings,  ear-rings,  and 
armlets,  to  make  atonement  for  our  souls  before  Jehovah. 
51  And  Moses  and  Eleazar  the  priest  took  the  gold  of  them, 
even  all  wrought  jewels.  52  And  all  the  gold  of  the  heave- 
offering  that  they  offered  up  to  Jehovah,  of  the  captains  of 
thousands,  and  of  the  captains  of  hundreds,  was  sixteen  thou- 
sand seven  hundred  and  fifty  shekels.  53  {For  the  men  of  war 
had  taken  booty,  every  man  for  himself.)  54  And  Moses  and 
Eleazar  the  priest  took  the  gold  of  the  captains  of  thousands 
and  of  hundr(>ds,  and  brought  it  into  the  tent  of  meeting,  for  a 
memorial  for  the  children  of  Israel  before  Jehovah. 

78.  The  Lots  of  Reuben,  Gad,  and  Manasseh.  J47.  P73, 
88,  92. 

Nu.  32i-3« 

1  Now  the  children  of  Reuben  and  the  c;hildren  of  Gad  had  a 
very  great  multitude  of  cattle :  and  wh(>n  they  saw  the  land  of 
Jazer,  and  the  land  of  Gilcad,  that,  behold,  the  place  was  a 
place  for  cattle;  2  the  children  of  Gad  and  the  children  of 
Reuben  came  and  spake  unto  Moses,  and  to  Eleazar  the  priest, 
and  unto  the  princes  of  the  congregation,  saying,  3  Ataroth, 
and  Dibon,  and  Jazer,  and  Nimrah,  and  H(\slibon,  and  Elcaleh, 
and  Sebam,  and  Nebo,  and  Beon,  4  the  land  which  Jehovah 
smote  before  the  congregation  of  Israel,  is  a  land  for  cattle; 
and  thy  servants  have  cattle.  5  And  they  said.  If  we  have 
found  favor  in  thy  sight,  let  this  land  be  given  unto  thy  serv- 
ants for  a  possession ;  bring  us  not  over  the  Jordan. 


"  There  is  wide  difference  among  critics  as  to  the  analysis  of  this  chapter  in  detail.  All 
recognize  that  it  is  composite — JEP — and  that  its  present  form  is  due  to  Rp.  w.  39—12 
are  printed  as  J ;  further  separation  of  sources  is  at  present  impracticable. 


362  SOURCES   OF  THE  HEXATEUCH      [  Nu.  32« 

6  And  Moses  said  unto  the  children  of  Gad  and  to  the  chil- 
dren of  Reuben,  Shall  your  brethren  go  to  the  war,  and  shall 
ye  sit  here?  7  And  wherefore  discourage  ye  the  heart  of  the 
children  of  Israel  from  going  over  into  the  land  which  Jehovah 
hath  given  them?  8  Thus  did  your  fathers,  when  I  sent  them 
from  Kadesh-barnea  to  see  the  land,  9  For  when  they  went 
up  unto  the  valley  of  Eshcol,  and  saw  the  land,  they  discouraged 
the  heart  of  the  children  of  Israel,  that  they  should  not  go  into 
the  land  which  Jehovah  had  given  them.  10  And  Jehovah's 
anger  was  kindled  in  that  day,  and  he  sware,  saying,  11  Surely 
none  of  the  men  that  came  up  out  of  Egypt,  from  twenty  years 
old  and  upward,  shall  see  the  land  which  I  sware  unto  Abraham, 
unto  Isaac,  and  unto  Jacob ;  because  they  have  not  wholly  fol- 
lowed me :  12  save  Caleb  the  son  of  Jephunneh  the  Kenizzite, 
and  Joshua  the  son  of  Nun ;  because  they  have  wholly  followed 
Jehovah.  13  And  Jehovah's  anger  was  kindled  against  Israel, 
and  he  made  them  wander  to  and  fro  in  the  wilderness  forty 
years,  until  all  the  generation,  that  had  done  evil  in  the  sight 
of  Jehovah,  was  consumed.  14  And,  behold,  ye  are  risen  up 
in  your  fathers'  stead,  an  increase  of  sinful  men,  to  augment 
yet  the  fierce  anger  of  Jehovah  toward  Israel.  15  For  if  ye 
turn  away  from  after  him,  he  will  yet  again  leave  them  in  the 
wilderness ;  and  ye  will  destroy  all  this  people. 

16  And  they  came  near  unto  him,  and  said.  We  will  build 
sheepfolds  here  for  our  cattle,  and  cities  for  our  little  ones: 
17  but  we  ourselves  will  be  ready  armed  to  go  before  the  chil- 
dren of  Israel,  until  we  have  brought  them  unto  their  place: 
and  our  little  ones  shall  dwell  in  the  fortified  cities  because 
of  the  inhabitants  of  the  land.  18  We  will  not  return  unto 
our  houses,  until  the  children  of  Israel  have  inherited  every  man 
his  inheritance.  19  For  we  will  not  inherit  with  them  on  the 
other  side  of  the  Jordan,  and  forward ;  because  our  inheritance 
is  fallen  to  us  on  this  side  of  the  Jordan  eastward. 

20  And  Moses  said  unto  them,  If  ye  will  do  this  thing,  if 
ye  will  arm  yourselves  to  go  before  Jehovah  to  the  war,  21  and 
every  armed  man  of  you  will  pass  over  the  Jordan  before  Jeho- 
vah, until  he  hath  driven  out  his  enemies  from  before  him, 
22  and  the  land  is  subdued  before  Jehovah;  then  afterward 
ye  shall  return,  and  be  guiltless  towards  Jehovah,  and  towards 
Israel ;  and  this  land  shall  be  unto  you  for  a  possession  before 
Jehovah.  23  But  if  ye  will  not  do  so,  behold,  ye  have  sinned 
against  Jehovah;    and  be  sure    your    sin  will  find  you  out. 

24  Build  you  cities  for    your    little  ones,  and  folds  for  your 
sheep;   and  do  that  which  hath  proceeded  out  of  your  mouth. 

25  And  the  children  of  Gad  and  the  children  of  Reuben  spake 
unto  Moses,  saying,  Thy  servants  will  do  as  my  lord  command- 


-33^  ]  P78-79  363 

eth.  26  Our  little  ones,  our  wives,  our  flocks,  and  all  our  cattle, 
shall  be  there  in  the  cities  of  Gilead ;  27  but  thy  servants  will 
pass  over,  every  man  that  is  armed  for  war,  before  Jehovah  to 
battle,  as  my  lord  saith. 

28  So  Moses  gave  charge  concerning  them  to  Eleazar  the 
priest,  and  to  Joshua  the  son  of  N\m,  and  to  the  heads  of  the 
fathers'  houses  of  the  tribes  of  the  children  of  Israel.  29  And 
Moses  said  mito  them,  If  the  children  of  Gad  and  the  children 
of  Reuben  will  pass  with  you  over  the  Jordan,  every  man  that 
is  armed  to  battle,  before  Jehovah,  and  the  land  shall  be  sub- 
dued before  you;  then  ye  shall  give  them  the  land  of  Gilead 
for  a  possession:  30  but  if  they  will  not  pass  over  with  you 
armed,  they  shall  have  possessions  among  you  in  the  land 
of  Canaan.  31  And  the  children  of  Gad  and  the  children 
of  Reuben  answered,  saying.  As  Jehovah  hath  said  unto  thy 
servants,  so  will  we  do.  32  We  will  pass  over  armed  before 
Jehovah  into  the  land  of  Canaan,  and  the  possession  of  our 
inheritance  shall  remain  with  us  beyond  the  Jordan. 

33  And  Moses  gave  unto  them,  even  to  the  children  of  Gad, 
and  to  the  children  of  Reuben,  and  unto  the  half-tribe  of 
Manasseh  the  son  of  Joseph,  the  kingdom  of  Sihon  king  of 
the  Amorites,  and  the  kingdom  of  Og  king  of  Bashan,  the  land, 
according  to  the  cities  thereof  with  their  borders,  even  the 
cities  of  the  land  round  about.  34  And  the  children  of  Gad 
built  Dibon,  and  Ataroth,  and  Aroer,  35  and  Atroth-shophan, 
and  Jazer,  and  Jogbehah,  36  and  Beth-nimrah,  and  Beth- 
haran:  fortified  cities,  and  folds  for  sheep.  37  And  the  chil- 
dren of  Reuben  built  Heshbon,  and  Elealeh,  and  Kiriathaim, 
38  and  Nebo,  and  Baal-meon,  (their  names  being  changed,) 
and  Sibmah :  and  they  gave  other  names  unto  the  cities  which 
they  builded. 

79.  A  List  of  the  Journeys  from  Rameses  in  Egypt  to 
Ahel-siiittim  in  Moab.     P24,  27,  30,  34,  68. 

Nu.  33 '-^» 

1  These  are  the  journeys  of  the  children  of  Israel,  when 
they  went  forth  out  of  the  land  of  Egypt  by  their  hosts  under 
the  hand  of  Moses  and  Aaron.  2  And  Moses  ^vrote  their  goings 
out  according  to  their  journeys  by  the  commandment  of  Jeho- 
vah :  and  these  are  their  journeys  according  to  their  goings  out. 
3  And  they  journeyed  from  Rameses  in  the  first  month,  on  the 
fifteenth  day  of  the  first  month;  on  the  morrow  after  the 
passover  the  children  of  Israel  went  out  Avith  a  high  hand  in 
the  sight  of  all  the  Egyptians,  4  while  the  Egyptians  were 

"  The  chapter  presupposes  JEP  (Ka.)  and  must  therefore  be  the  work  of  an  Rp.  (or 
Ps).    w.  38-39,  cf.  P67. 


364  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH      [  Nu.  33^ 

burying  all  their  first-born,  whom  Jehovah  had  smitten  among 
them:   upon  their  gods  also  Jehovah  executed  judgments. 

5  And  the  children  of  Israel  journeyed  from  Rameses,  and 
encamped  in  Succoth,  6  And  they  journeyed  from  Succoth, 
and  encamped  in  Etham,  which  is  in  the  edge  of  the  wilder- 
ness. 7  And  they  journeyed  from  Etham,  and  turned  back 
unto  Pi-hahiroth,  which  is  before  Baal-zephon:  and  they 
encamped  before  Migdol.  8  And  they  journeyed  from  before 
Hahiroth,  and  passed  through  the  midst  of  the  sea  into  the 
wilderness:  and  they  went  three  days'  journey  in  the  wilder- 
ness of  Etham,  and  encamped  in  Marah.  9  And  they  jour- 
neyed from  Marah,  and  came  unto  Elim:  and  in  Elim  were 
twelve  springs  of  water,  and  threescore  and  ten  palm-trees; 
and  they  encamped  there.  10  And  they  journeyed  from  Elim, 
and  encamped  by  the  Red  Sea.  11  And  they  journeyed  from 
the  Red  Sea,  and  encamped  in  the  wilderness  of  Sin.  12  And 
they  journeyed  from  the  wilderness  of  Sin,  and  encamped  in 
Dophkah.  13  And  they  journeyed  from  Dophkah,  and 
encamped  in  Alush.  14  And  they  journeyed  from  Alush,  and 
encamped  in  Rephidim,  where  was  no  water  for  the  people  to 
drink.  15  And  they  journeyed  from  Rephidim,  and  en- 
camped in  the  wilderness  of  Sinai.  16  And  they  journeyed 
from  the  wilderness  of  Sinai,  and  encamped  in  Kibroth-hattaa- 
vah.  17  And  they  journeyed  from  Kibroth-hattaavah,  and 
encamped  in  Hazeroth.  18  And  they  journeyed  from  Haze- 
roth,  and  encamped  in  Rithmah.  19  And  they  journeyed  from 
Rithmah,  and  encamped  in  Rimmon-perez.  20  And  they  jour- 
neyed from  Rimmon-perez,  and  encamped  in  Libnah.  21  And 
they  journeyed  from  Libnah,  and  encamped  in  Rissah.  22  And 
they  journeyed  from  Rissah  and  encamped  in  Kehelathah. 
23  And  they  journeyed  from  Kehelathah,  and  encamped  in 
mount  Shepher,  24  And  they  journeyed  from  mount  Shepher, 
and  encamped  in  Haradah.  25  And  they  journeyed  from 
Haradah,  and  encamped  in  Makheloth.  26  And  they  jour- 
neyed from  Makheloth,  and  encamped  in  Tahath.  27  And  they 
journeyed  from  Tahath,  and  encamped  in  Terah.  28  And 
they  journeyed  from  Terah,  and  encamped  in  Mithkah.  29  And 
they  journeyed  from  Mithkah,  and  encamped  in  Hashmonah. 
30  And  they  journeyed  from  Hashmonah,  and  encamped  in 
Moseroth.  31  And  they  journeyed  from  Moseroth,  and  en- 
camped in  Bene-jaakan.  32  And  they  journeyed  from  Bene- 
jaakan,  and  encamped  in  Hor-haggidgad.  33  And  they  jour- 
neyed from  Hor-haggidgad,  and  encamped  in  Jotbathah. 
34  And  they  journeyed  from  Jotbathah,  and  encamped  in 
Abronah.  35  And  they  journeyed  from  Abronah,  and  en- 
camped in  Ezion-geber.     36  And  they  journeyed  from  Ezion- 


-33^6  ]  P79-80  365 

geber,  and  encamped  in  the  wilderness  of  Zin  (the  same  is 
Kadesh).  37  And  they  journeyed  from  Kadesh,  and  en- 
camped in  mount  Hor,  in  the  edge  of  th(;  land  of  Edom. 

38  Antl  Aaron  the  priest  w(>nt  uj)  into  mount  Hor  at  the 
commandment  of  Jehovah,  and  died  there,  in  the  fortieth  year 
after  the  cliildren  of  Israel  wcm  come  out  of  the  land  of  Egypt, 
in  the  fifth  month,  on  the  first  day  of  the  month.  39  And  Aaron 
was  a  hundred  and  twenty  and  three  years  old  when  he  died  in 
mount  Hor. 

40  And  the  Canaanite,  the  king  of  Arad,  who  dwelt  in  the  South 
in  the  land  of  Canaan,  heard  of  the  coming  of  the  children  of  Israel. 

41  And  they  journeyed  from  mount  Hor,  and  encamped 
in  Zalmonah.  42  And  they  journeyed  from  Zalmonah,  and 
encamped  in  Punon.  43  And  thc^y  journ(>yed  from  Punon, 
and  encamped  in  Oboth.  44  And  they  journeyed  from  Oboth, 
and  encamped  in  lye-abarim,  in  the  border  of  Moab.  45  And 
they  journeyed  from  lyim,  and  encamped  in  Dibon-gad.  46  And 
they  journeyed  from  Dibon-gad,  and  encamped  in  Almon- 
di])lathaim.  47  And  they  journeyed  from  Almon-diblathaim, 
and   encamped   in   the   mountains   of   Abarim,    before   Nel)o. 

48  And  they  journeyed  from  the  mountains  of  Abarim,  and 
encamped  in  the  plains  of  Moab  by  the  Jordan  at  Jericho. 

49  And  they  encamped  by  the  Jordan,  from  Beth-jeshimoth 
even  unto  Abel-shittim  in  the  plains  of  Moab. 

80.  Command  to  Conquer  Canaan  and  Divide  It  by  Lot 
Among  the  Tribes  and  the  Levites.     P71,  89,  96. 

Nu.  33^o-35« 

33^°  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses  in  the  plains  of  Moab 
by  the  Jordan  at  Jericho,  saying,  51  Speak  unto  the  children 
of  Israel,  and  say  unto  them,  When  ye  pass  over  the  Jordan 
into  the  land  of  Canaan,  52  then  ye  shall  drive  out  all  the  in- 
habitants of  the  land  from  before  you,  and  destroy  all  their 
figured  stones,  and  destroy  all  their  molten  images,  and  demolish 
all  their  high  places:  53  and  ye  shall  take  possession  of  the 
land,  and  dwell  therein;  for  unto  you  have  I  given  the  land  to 
possess  it.  54  And  ye  shall  inherit  the  land  by  lot  according 
to  your  families ;  to  the  more  ye  shall  give  the  more  inheritance, 
and  to  the  fewer  thou  shalt  give  the  less  inheritance:  where- 
soever the  lot  falleth  to  any  man,  that  shall  be  his;  according 
to  the;  tribes  of  your  fathers  shall  ye  inherit.  55  But  if  ye  will 
not  drive  out  the  inhabitants  of  the  land  from  before  you,  then 
shall  those  that  ye  let  remain  of  them  be  as  pricks  in  your  eyes, 
and  as  thorns  in  your  sides,  and  they  shall  vex  you  in  the  lancl 
wherein  ye  dwell.  56  And  it  shall  come  to  pass,  that,  as  I 
thought  to  do  unto  them,  so  will  I  do  unto  you. 


366  SOURCES   OF  THE  HEXATEUCH      [  Nu.  34^ 

OA  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  2  Command 
*-''*  the  children  of  Israel  and  say  unto  them.  When  ye  come 
into  the  land  of  Canaan  (this  is  the  land  that  shall  fall  unto 
you  for  an  inheritance,  even  the  land  of  Canaan  according  to 
the  borders  thereof),  3  then  your  south  quarter  shall  be  from 
the  wilderness  of  Zin  along  by  the  side  of  Edom,  and  your  south 
border  shall  be  from  the  end  of  the  Salt  Sea  eastward;  4  and 
your  border  shall  turn  about  southward  of  the  ascent  of  Akrab- 
bim,  and  pass  along  to  Zin;  and  the  goings  out  thereof  shall 
be  southward  of  Kadesh-barnea ;  and  it  shall  go  forth  to  Hazar- 
addar,  and  pass  along  to  Azmon;  5  and  the  border  shall  turn 
about  from  Azmon  unto  the  brook  of  Egypt,  and  the  goings 
out  thereof  shall  be  at  the  sea. 

6  And  for  the  western  border,  ye  shall  have  the  great  sea 
and  the  border  thereof :   this  shall  be  your  west  border. 

7  And  this  shall  be  your  north  border:  from  the  great  sea 
ye  shall  mark  out  for  you  mount  Hor;  8  from  mount  Hor  ye 
shall  mark  out  unto  the  entrance  of  Hamath;  and  the  goings 
out  of  the  border  shall  be  at  Zedad;  9  and  the  border  shall 
go  forth  to  Ziphron,  and  the  goings  out  thereof  shall  be  at 
Hazar-enan:   this  shall  be  your  north  border. 

10  And  ye  shall  mark  out  your  east  border  from  Hazar-enan 
to  Shepham;  11  and  the  border  shall  go  down  from  Shepham 
to  Riblah,  on  the  east  side  of  Ain ;  and  the  border  shall  go  do^vn, 
and  shall  reach  unto  the  side  of  the  sea  of  Chinnereth  eastward ; 
12  and  the  border  shall  go  down  to  the  Jordan,  and  the  goings 
out  thereof  shall  be  at  the  Salt  Sea.  This  shall  be  your  land 
according  to  the  borders  thereof  round  about. 

13  And  Moses  commanded  the  children  of  Israel,  saying. 
This  is  the  land  which  ye  shall  inherit  by  lot,  which  Jehovah 
hath  commanded  to  give  unto  the  nine  tribes,  and  to  the  half- 
tribe:  14  for  the  tribe  of  the  children  of  Reuben  according  to 
their  fathers'  houses,  and  the  tribe  of  the  children  of  Gad  ac- 
cording to  their  fathers'  houses,  have  received,  and  the  half- 
tribe  of  Manasseh  have  received,  their  inheritance :  15  the  two 
tribes  and  the  half -tribe  have  received  their  inheritance  beyond 
the  Jordan  at  Jericho  eastward,  toward  the  sunrising. 

16  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  17  These  are  the 
names  of  the  men  that  shall  divide  the  land  unto  you  for  inher- 
itance :  Eleazar  the  priest,  and  Joshua  the  son  of  Nun.  18  And 
ye  shall  take  one  prince  of  every  tribe,  to  divide  the  land  for 
inheritance.  19  And  these  are  the  names  of  the  men :  Of  the 
tribe  of  Judah,  Caleb  the  son  of  Jephunneh.  20  And  of  the 
tribe  of  the  children  of  Simeon,  Shemuel  the  son  of  Ammihud. 
21  Of  the  tribe  of  Benjamin,  Elidad  the  son  of  Chislon.  22  And 
of  the  tribe  of  the  children  of  Dan  a  prince,  Bukki  the  son  of 


-35^3  ]  P80-81  367 

Jogli.  23  Of  the  children  of  Joseph:  of  the  tribe  of  the  chil- 
dren of  Maiiasseh  a  prince,  Hanniel  the  son  of  Ephod.  24  And 
of  the  tribe  of  the  children  of  Ephraim  a  prince,  Kemuel  the 
son  of  Shiphtan.  25  And  of  the  tribe  of  the  children  of  Zebulun 
a  prince,  Elizaphan  the  son  of  Parnach.  26  And  of  the  tribe 
of  the  children  of  Issachar  a  prince,  Paltiel  the  son  of  Azzan. 
27  And  of  the  tribe  of  the  children  of  Asher  a  prince,  Ahihud 
the  son  of  Shclomi.  28  And  of  the  tribe  of  the  children  of 
Naphtali  a  prince,  Pedahel  the  son  of  Ammihud.  29  These 
are  th(^y  whom  Jehovah  commanded  to  divide  the  inheritance 
unto  the  children  of  Israel  in  the  land  of  Canaan. 
otr  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses  in  the  plains  of  Moab 
^*^  by  the  Jordan  at  Jericho,  saying,  2  Command  the  chil- 
dren of  Israel,  that  they  give  unto  the  Levites  of  the  inherit- 
ance of  their  possession  cities  to  dwell  in ;  and  suburbs  for  the 
cities  round  about  them  shall  ye  give  unto  the  Levites.  3  And 
the  cities  shall  they  have  to  dwell  in;  and  their  suburbs  shall 
be  for  their  cattle,  and  for  their  substance,  and  for  all  their 
beasts.  4  And  the  suburbs  of  the  cities,  which  ye  shall  give 
unto  the  Levites,  shall  be  from  the  wall  of  the  city  and  outward 
a  thousand  cubits  round  about.  5  And  ye  shall  measure  with- 
out the  city  for  the  east  side  two  thousand  cubits,  and  for  the 
south  side  two  thousand  cubits,  and  for  the  west  side  two  thou- 
sand cubits,  and  for  the  north  side  two  thousand  cubits,  the 
city  being  in  the  midst.  This  shall  be  to  them  the  suburbs  of 
the  cities.  6  And  the  cities  which  ye  shall  give  unto  the  Levites, 
they  shall  be  the  six  cities  of  refuge,  which  ye  shall  give  for  the 
manslayer  to  flee  unto:  and  besides  them  ye  shall  give  forty 
and  two  cities.  7  All  the  cities  which  ye  shall  give  to  the 
Levites  shall  be  forty  and  eight  cities;  them  shall  ye  give  with 
their  suburbs.  8  And  concerning  the  cities  which  ye  shall  give 
of  the  possession  of  the  children  of  Israel,  from  the  many  ye 
shall  take  many;  and  from  the  few  ye  shall  take  few:  every 
one  according  to  his  inheritance  which  he  inheriteth  shall  give 
of  his  cities  unto  the  Levites. 

8L  Cities  of  Refuge.     P80:  Nu.  35^  P95. 

Nu.  35»-34 

9  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  10  Speak  unto 
the  children  of  Israel,  and  say  unto  them,  When  ye  pass  over 
the  Jordan  into  the  land  of  Canaan,  11  then  ye  shall  appoint 
you  cities  to  be  cities  of  refuge  for  you,  that  the  manslayer  that 
killeth  any  person  unwittingly  may  flee  thither.  12  And  the 
cities  shall  be  unto  you  for  refuge  from  the  avenger,  that  the 
manslayer  die  not,  until  he  stand  before  the  congregation  for 
judgment.     13  And  the  cities  which  ye  shall  give  shall  be  for 


368  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH    [  Nu.  35" 

you  six  cities  of  refuge.  14  Ye  shall  give  three  cities  beyond 
the  Jordan,  and  three  cities  shall  ye  give  in  the  land  of  Canaan ; 
they  shall  be  cities  of  refuge.  15  For  the  children  of  Israel, 
and  for  the  stranger  and  for  the  sojourner  among  them,  shall 
these  six  cities  be  for  refuge ;  that  every  one  that  killeth  any 
person  unwittingly  may  flee  thither. 

16  But  if  he  smote  him  with  an  instrument  of  iron,  so  that 
he  died,  he  is  a  murderer:  the  murderer  shall  surely  be  put 
to  death.  17  And  if  he  smote  him  with  a  stone  in  the  hand, 
whereby  a  man  may  die,  and  he  died,  he  is  a  murderer:  the 
murderer  shall  surely  be  put  to  death.  18  Or  if  he  smote  him 
with  a  weapon  of  wood  in  the  hand,  whereby  a  man  may  die, 
and  he  died,  he  is  a  murderer :  the  murderer  shall  surely  be  put 
to  death,  19  The  avenger  of  blood  shall  himself  put  the  mur- 
derer to  death:  when  he  meeteth  him,  he  shall  put  him  to 
death.  20  And  if  he  thrust  him  of  hatred,  or  hurled  at  him, 
lying  in  wait,  so  that  he  died,  21  or  in  enmity  smote  him  with 
his  hand,  so  that  he  died ;  he  that  smote  him  shall  surely  be  put 
to  death ;  he  is  a  murderer :  the  avenger  of  blood  shall  put  the 
murderer  to  death,  when  he  meeteth  him. 

22  But  if  he  thrust  him  suddenly  without  enmity,  or  hurled 
upon  him  anything  without  lying  in  wait,  23  or  with  any  stone, 
whereby  a  man  may  die,  seeing  him  not,  and  cast  it  upon  him, 
so  that  he  died,  and  he  was  not  his  enemy,  neither  sought  his 
harm ;  24  then  the  congregation  shall  judge  between  the  smiter 
and  the  avenger  of  blood  according  to  these  ordinances ;  25  and 
the  congregation  shall  deliver  the  manslayer  out  of  the  hand 
of  the  avenger  of  blood,  and  the  congregation  shall  restore  him 
to  his  city  of  refuge,  whither  he  was  fled:  and  he  shall  dwell 
therein  until  the  death  of  the  high  priest,  who  was  anointed 
with  the  holy  oil.  26  But  if  the  manslayer  shall  at  any  time 
go  beyond  the  border  of  his  city  of  refuge,  whither  he  fleeth, 
27  and  the  avenger  of  blood  find  him  without  the  border  of  his 
city  of  refuge,  and  the  avenger  of  blood  slay  the  manslayer ;  he 
shall  not  be  guilty  of  blood,  28  because  he  should  have  re- 
mained in  his  city  of  refuge  until  the  death  of  the  high  priest: 
but  after  the  death  of  the  high  priest  the  manslayer  shall  return 
into  the  land  of  his  possession. 

29  And  these  things  shall  be  for  a  statute  and  ordinance  unto 
you  throughout  your  generations  in  all  your  dwellings.  30  Who- 
so killeth  any  person,  the  murderer  shall  be  slain  at  the  mouth 
of  witnesses:  but  one  witness  shall  not  testify  against  any 
person  that  he  die,  31  Moreover  ye  shall  take  no  ransom  for 
the  life  of  a  murderer,  that  is  guilty  of  death;  but  he  shall 
surely  be  put  to  death.  32  And  ye  shall  take  no  ransom  for 
him  that  is  fled  to  his  city  of  refuge,  that  he  may  come  again 


-36"  ]  P81-82  369 

to  dwell  in  the  land,  until  the  death  of  the  priest.  33  So  ye 
shall  not  pollute  the  land  wherein  ye  are :  for  blood,  it  poUuteth 
the  land ;  and  no  expiation  can  be  made  for  the  land  for  the 
blood  that  is  shed  therein,  but  by  the  blood  of  him  that  shed 
it.  34  And  thou  shalt  not  defile  the  land  which  ye  inhabit, 
in  the  midst  of  which  I  dwell :  for  I,  Jehovah,  dwell  in  the  midst 
of  the  children  of  Israel. 

82.  Further  Laws  Regarding  the  Inheritance  of  the 
Daughters  of  Zelophehad.     P73. 

Nu.  36^-13 

1  And  the  heads  of  the  fathers'  houses  of  the  family  of  the 
children  of  Gilead,  the  son  of  Machir,  the  son  of  Manasseh, 
of  the  families  of  the  sons  of  Joseph,  came  near,  and  spake  before 
Moses,  and  ])efore  the  princes,  the  heads  of  the  fathers'  houses 
of  the  children  of  Israel :  2  and  they  said,  Jehovah  commanded 
my  lord  to  give  the  land  for  inheritance  by  lot  to  the  children 
of  Israel :  and  my  lord  was  commanded  by  Jehovah  to  give 
the  inheritance  of  Zelophehad  our  brother  unto  his  daughters. 
3  And  if  they  be  married  to  any  of  the  sons  of  the  other  tribes 
of  the  children  of  Israel,  then  will  their  inheritance  be  taken 
away  from  the  inheritance  of  our  fathers,  and  will  be  added  to 
the  inheritance  of  the  tribe  whereunto  they  shall  belong:  so 
will  it  be  taken  away  from  the  lot  of  our  inheritance.  4  And 
when  the  jubilee  of  the  children  of  Israel  shall  be,  then  will  their 
inheritance  be  added  unto  the  inheritance  of  the  tribe  where- 
unto they  shall  belong :  so  will  their  inheritance  be  taken  away 
from  the  inheritance  of  the  tribe  of  our  fathers. 

5  And  Moses  commanded  the  children  of  Israel  according 
to  the  word  of  Jehovah,  saying.  The  tribe  of  the  sons  of  Joseph 
speaketh  right.  6  This  is  the  thing  which  Jehovah  doth  com- 
mand concerning  the  daughters  of  Zelophehad,  saying.  Let 
them  be  married  to  whom  they  think  best ;  only  into  the  family 
of  the  tribe  of  their  father  shall  they  be  married.  7  So  shall 
no  inheritance  of  the  children  of  Israel  remove  from  tribe  to 
tribe;  for  the  children  of  Israel  shall  cleave  every  one  to  the 
inlieritance  of  the  tribe  of  his  fathers.  8  And  every  daughter, 
that  possesseth  an  inheritance  in  any  tribe  of  the  children  of 
Israel,  shall  be  wife  unto  one  of  the  family  of  the  tribe  of  her 
father,  that  the  children  of  Israel  may  possess  every  man  the 
inheritance  of  his  fathers.  9  So  shall  no  inheritance  remove 
from  one  tribe  to  another  tribe;  for  the  tribes  of  the  children 
of  Israel  shall  cleave  everj^  one  to  his  own  inheritance. 

10  Even  as  Jc^iovah  commanded  Moses,  so  did  the  daugh- 
ters of  Zelophehad:  11  for  Mahlali,  Tirzah,  and  Hoglah,  and 
Milcah,  and  Noah,  the  daughters  of  Zelophehad,  were  married 


370  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH    [  Nu.  SG^i 

unto  their  father's  brothers'  sons.  12  They  were  married 
into  the  families  of  the  sons  of  Manasseh  the  son  of  Joseph; 
and  their  inheritance  remained  in  the  tribe  of  the  family  of 
their  father. 

13  These  are  the  commandments  and  the  ordinances  which 
Jehovah  commanded  by  Moses  unto  the  children  of  Israel  in 
the  plains  of  Moab  by  the  Jordan  at  Jericho. 

83.  Moses   Commanded   to   Go   Up   into   Mount   Abarim 

(Nebo)  to  View  Canaan,  and  Die.     P74,  84. 
Dt.  32*8-52 

48  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses  that  selfsame  day,  saying, 
49  Get  thee  up  into  this  mountain  of  Abarim,  unto  mount 
Nebo,  which  is  in  the  land  of  Moab,  that  is  over  against  Jericho ; 
and  behold  the  land  of  Canaan,  which  I  give  unto  the  children 
of  Israel  for  a  possession ;  50  and  die  in  the  mount  whither  thou 
goest  up,  and  be  gathered  unto  thy  people,  as  Aaron  thy  brother 
died  in  mount  Hor,  and  was  gathered  unto  his  people :  51  be- 
cause ye  trespassed  against  me  in  the  midst  of  the  children  of 
Israel  at  the  waters  of  Meribah  of  Kadesh,  in  the  wilderness 
of  Zin;  because  ye  sanctified  me  not  in  the  midst  of  the  chil- 
dren of  Israel.  52  For  thou  shalt  see  the  land  before  thee; 
but  thou  shalt  not  go  thither  into  the  land  which  I  give  the 
children  of  Israel. 

84.  Moses  Dies  in  Mount  Nebo,  and  is  Succeeded  by 

Joshua.    E52.     P83. 

Dt.  341=^-7-9 

la  And  Moses  went  up  from  the  plains  of  Moao  unto  mount 
Nebo.  7  And  Moses  was  a  hundred  and  twenty  years  old  when 
he  died:  his  eye  was  not  dim,  nor  his  natural  force  abated. 
8  And  the  children  of  Israel  wept  for  Moses  in  the  plains  of 
Moab  thirty  days:  so  the  days  of  weeping  in  the  mourning 
for  Moses  were  ended. 

9  And  Joshua  the  son  of  Nun  was  full  of  the  spirit  of  wisdom ; 
for  Moses  had  laid  his  hands  upon  him:  and  the  children  of 
Israel  hearkened  unto  him,  and  did  as  Jehovah  commanded 
Moses. 

85.  The  Crossing  of  the  Jordan.     E54. 

Josh.  41315-17.19 

13  About  forty  thousand  ready  armed  for  war  passed  over 
before  Jehovah  unto  battle,  to  the  plains  of  Jericho. 

15  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Joshua,  saying,     16  Command 

**vv.  13,  15-17  are  perh.  Deuteronomic ;  St. 


...Josh.  13^^  ]  P82-88  371 

the  priests  that  bear  the  ark  of  the  testimony,  that  they  come 
up  out  of  the  Jordan. 

17  Joshua  therefore  commanded  the  priests,  saying,  Come 
ye  up  out  of  the  Jordan. 

19  And  the  people  came  up  out  of  the  Jordan  on  the  tenth 
day  of  the  first  month,  and  encamped  in  Gilgal,  on  the  east 
border  of  Jericho. 

86.  First  Passover  in  Canaan  :  the  Manna  Ceases. 
Josh.  5'°- 12 

10  And  the  children  of  Israel  encamped  in  Gilgal;  and  they 
kept  the  passover  on  the  fourteenth  day  of  the  month  at  even 
in  the  plains  of  Jericho.  11  And  they  did  eat  of  the  produce 
of  the  land  on  the  morrow  after  the  passover,  unleavened  cakes 
and  parched  grain,  in  the  selfsame  day.  12  And  the  manna 
ceased  on  the  morrow,  after  they  had  eaten  of  the  produce  of 
the  land;  neither  had  the  children  of  Israel  manna  any  more; 
but  they  did  eat  of  the  fruit  of  the  land  of  Canaan  that  year. 

87.  The  Covenant  WITH  THE  Gibeonites  IS  Kept.     J49.    E61. 
Josh.  9i=^''-i^-2i 

15b  And  the  princes  of  the  congregation  sware  unto  them. 
17  And  the  children  of  Israel  journeyed,  and  came  unto  their 
cities  on  the  third  day.  Now  their  cities  were  Gibeon  and 
Chephirah  and  Beeroth,  and  Kiriath-jearim.  18  And  the  chil- 
dren of  Israel  smote  them  not,  because  the  princes  of  the  con- 
gregation had  sworn  unto  them  by  Jehovah,  the  God  of  Israel. 
And  all  the  congregation  murmured  against  the  princes.  19  But 
all  the  princes  said  unto  all  the  congregation.  We  have  sworn 
unto  them  by  Jehovah,  the  God  of  Israel:  now  therefore  we 
may  not  touch  them.  20  This  we  wdll  do  to  them,  and  let 
them  live;  lest  wTath  be  upon  us,  because  of  the  oath  which 
we  sware  unto  them.  21  And  the  princes  said  unto  them. 
Let  them  live:  so  they  became  hewers  of  wood  and  drawers 
of  water  unto  all  the  congregation,  as  the  princes  had  spoken 
unto  them. 

88.  The  Lots  of  Reuben,  Gad,  and  Manasseh.     P78.    Josh. 

18S  cf.  IS.  4^". 

Josh.  181   13'^-^^ 

18^  And  the  whole  congregation  of  the  children  of  Israel 
assembled  themselves  together  at  Shiloh,  and  set  up  the  tent 
of  meeting  there :   and  the  land  was  subdued  before  them. 

131^  And  Moses  gave  unto  the  tribe  of  the  children  of  Reuben 

"  V.  17  gloss,  om.  LXX. 

88  18'  should  be  either  here  or  before  14»:  We.,  Ku.,  St.,  Ka.,  Di.,  Dr.,  Pr.  Vs.  Smend: 
18'  Rp.  13"-3'  worked  over  by  Rp:  Dr.,  St.,  Ho.,  Bennett,  Pr. 


372  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH    [  Josh.  IS^^ 

according  to  their  families.  16  And  their  border  was  from 
Aroer,  that  is  on  the  edge  of  the  valley  of  the  Arnon,  and  the 
city  that  is  in  the  middle  of  the  valley,  and  all  the  plain  by 
Medeba;  17  Heshbon,  and  all  its  cities  that  are  in  the  plain; 
Dibon,  and  Bamoth-baal,  and  Beth-baal-meon,  18  and  Jahaz, 
and  Kedemoth,  and  Mephaath,  19  and  Kiriathaim,  and  Sib- 
mah,  and  Zereth-shahar  in  the  mount  of  the  valley,  20  and 
Beth-peor,  and  the  slopes  of  Pisgah,  and  Beth-jeshimoth,  21  and 
all  the  cities  of  the  plain,  and  all  the  kingdom  of  Sihon  king  of 
the  Amorites,  who  reigned  in  Heshbon,  whom  Moses  smote 
with  the  chiefs  of  Midian,  Evi,  and  Rekem,  and  Zur,  and  Hur, 
and  Reba,  the  princes  of  Sihon,  that  dwelt  in  the  land.  22  Ba- 
laam also  the  son  of  Beor,  the  soothsayer,  did  the  children  of 
Israel  slay  with  the  sword  among  the  rest  of  their  slain.  23  And 
the  border  of  the  children  of  Reuben  was  the  Jordan,  and  the  bor- 
der thereof.  This  was  the  inheritance  of  the  children  of  Reuben 
according  to  their  families,  the  cities  and  the  villages  thereof. 

24  And  Moses  gave  unto  the  tribe  of  Gad,  unto  the  children 
of  Gad,  according  to  their  famiUes.  25  And  their  border  was 
Jazer,  and  all  the  cities  of  Gilead,  and  half  the  land  of  the  chil- 
dren of  Ammon,  unto  Aroer  that  is  before  Rabbah ;  26  and  from 
Heshbon  unto  Ramath-mizpeh,  and  Betonim ;  and  from  Maha- 
naim  unto  the  border  of  Debir;  27  and  in  the  valley,  Beth- 
haram,  and  Beth-nimrah,  and  Succoth,  and  Zaphon,  the  rest 
of  the  kingdom  of  Sihon  king  of  Heshbon,  the  Jordan  and  the 
border  thereof,  unto  the  uttermost  part  of  the  sea  of  Chinnereth 
beyond  the  Jordan  eastward.  28  This  is  the  inheritance  of  the 
children  of  Gad  according  to  their  families,  the  cities  and  the 
villages  thereof. 

29  And  Moses  gave  inheritance  unto  the  half-tribe  of  Manas- 
seh:  and  it  was  for  the  half -tribe  of  the  children  of  Manasseh 
according  to  their  families.  30  And  their  border  was  from 
Mahanaim,  all  Bashan,  all  the  kingdom  of  Og  king  of  Bashan, 
and  all  the  towns  of  Jair,  which  are  in  Bashan,  threescore  cities : 
31  and  half  Gilead,  and  Ashtaroth,  and  Edrei,  the  cities  of 
the  kingdom  of  Og  in  Bashan,  were  for  the  children  of  Machir 
the  son  of  Manasseh,  even  for  the  half  of  the  children  of  Machir 
according  to  their  famiUes. 

32  These  are  the  inheritances  which  Moses  distributed  in  the 
plains  of  Moab,  beyond  the  Jordan  at  Jericho,  eastward.  33  But 
unto  the  tribe  of  Levi  Moses  gave  no  inheritance :  Jehovah,  the 
God  of  Israel,  is  their  inheritance,  as  he  spake  unto  them. 

89.  The  Plan  of  Allotment  of  the  Land.    P80,  71. 
Josh.  141-6 
14 1  And  these  are  the  inheritances  which  the  children  of 


...1510]  P88-90  373 

Israel  took  in  the  land  of  Canaan,  which  Eleazar  the  priest, 
and  Joshua  tlie  .son  of  Nun,  and  the  heads  of  the  fathers'  houses 
of  the  tribes  of  the  children  of  Israel,  distributed  unto  them, 
2  by  the  lot  of  their  inheritance,  as  J(4iovah  commanded  by 
Moses,  for  the  nine  tribes,  and  for  the  half-tribe.  3  For  Moses 
had  given  the  inheritance  of  the  two  tri])es  and  the  half-tribe 
beyond  the  Jordan :  but  unto  the  Levites  he  gave  no  inheritance 
among  them.  4  For  the  children  of  Joseph  were  two  tribes, 
Manasseh  and  Ephraim:  and  they  gave  no  portion  unto  the 
Levites  in  the  land,  save  cities  to  dw(41  in,  with  the  suburbs 
thereof  for  their  cattle  and  for  their  substance.  5  As  Jehovah 
commanded  Moses,  so  the  children  of  Israel  did;  and  they 
divided  the  land. 

90.  The  Lot  of  Judah.     J51,  52. 

Josh.    15'-12-20-62 

1  And  the  lot  for  the  tribe  of  the  children  of  Judah  accord- 
ing to  th(nr  families  was  unto  the  border  of  Edom,  even  to  the 
wilderness  of  Zin  southward,  at  the  uttermost  part  of  the  south. 
2  And  their  south  border  was  from  the  uttermost  part  of  the 
Salt  Sea,  from  the  bay  that  looketh  southward;  3  and  it  went 
out  southward  of  the  ascent  of  Akra])])im,  and  passed  along  to 
Zin,  and  went  up  by  the  south  of  Kadesh-barnea,  and  passed 
along  by  Hczron,  and  went  up  to  Addar,  and  turned  about  to 
Karka;  4  and  it  passed  along  to  Azmon,  and  went  out  at  the 
brook  of  Egypt ;  and  the  goings  out  at  the  border  were  at  the 
sea:  this  shall  be  your  south  border.  5  And  the  east  border 
was  the  Salt  Sea,  even  unto  the  end  of  the  Jordan.  And  the 
border  of  the  north  quarter  was  from  the  bay  of  the  sea  at  the 
end  of  the  Jordan;  6  and  the  border  went  up  to  Beth-hoglah, 
and  passed  along  by  the  north  of  Beth-arabah;  and  the  border 
went  up  to  the  stone  of  Bohan  the  son  of  Reuben;  7  and  the 
border  went  up  to  Debir  from  the  valley  of  Achor,  and  so  north- 
ward, looking  toward  Gilgal,  that  is  over  against  the  ascent 
of  Adummim,  which  is  on  the  south  side  of  the  river;  and  the 
bord(>r  passed  along  to  th(^  waters  of  En-shemesh,  and  the 
goings  out  thereof  were  at  En-rogel ;  8  and  the  border  went  up 
by  the  valley  of  the  son  of  Hinnom  unto  the  side  of  the  Jebusite 
southward  (the  same  is  Jerusalem) ;  and  the  border  went  up 
to  the  top  of  the  mountain  that  lieth  before  the  valley  of  Hin- 
nom westward,  which  is  at  the  uttermost  part  of  the  vale  of 
Rephaim  nort  hward ;  9  and  the  border  extended  from  the  top 
of  the  mountain  unto  the  fountain  of  the  waters  of  Nephtoah, 
and  went  out  to  the  cities  of  mount  Ephron;  and  ihc  border 
extended  to  Baalah  (the  same  is  Kiriath-jearim) ;    10  and  the 

•oPr.  calls  vv.  2-12  JE. 


374  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH     [  Josh.  15^° 

border  turned  about  from  Baalah  westward  unto  mount  Scir, 
and  passed  along  unto  the  side  of  mount  Jearim  on  the  north 
(the  same  is  Chesalon),  and  went  down  to  Beth-shemesh,  and 
passed  along  by  Timnah ;  11  and  the  border  went  out  unto  the 
side  of  Ekron  northward ;  and  the  border  extended  to  Shikkeron, 
and  passed  along  to  mount  Baalah,  and  went  out  at  Jabneel; 
and  the  goings  out  of  the  border  were  at  the  sea.  12  And  the 
west  border  was  to  the  great  sea,  and  the  border  thereof.  This 
is  the  border  of  the  children  of  Judah  round  about  according 
to  their  families. 

20  This  is  the  inheritance  of  the  tribe  of  the  children  of  Judah 
according  to  their  families. 

21  And  the  uttermost  cities  of  the  tribe  of  the  children  of 
Judah  toward  the  border  of  Edom  in  the  South  were  Kabzeel, 
and  Eder,  and  Jagur,  22  and  Kinah,  and  Dimonah,  and  Ada- 
dah,  23  and  Kedesh,  and  Hazor,  and  Ithnan,  24  Ziph,  and 
Telem,  and  Bealoth,  25  and  Hazor-hadattah,  and  Kerioth- 
hezron  (the  same  is  Hazor),  26  Amam,  and  Shema,  and  Mol- 
adah,  27  and  Hazar-gaddah,  and  Heshmon,  and  Beth-pelet, 
28  and  Hazar-shual,  and  Beer-sheba,  and  Biziothiah,  29  Baa- 
lah, and  lim,  and  Ezem,  30  and  Eltolad,  and  Chesil,  and  Hor- 
mah,  31  and  Ziklag,  and  Madmannah,  and  Sansannah,  32  and 
Lebaoth,  and  Shilhim,  and  Ain,  and  Rimmon:  all  the  cities 
are  twenty  and  nine,  with  their  villages. 

33  In  the  lowland,  Eshtaol,  and  Zorah,  and  Ashnah,  34  and  Za- 
noah,  and  En-gannim,  Tappuah,  and  Enam,  35  Jarmuth,  and 
Adullam,  Socoh,  and  Azekah,  36  and  Shaaraim,  and  Adithaim, 
andGederah,  and  Gederothaim;  fourteen  cities  with  their  villages. 

37  Zenan,  and  Hadashah,  and  Migdal-gad,  38  and  Dilean, 
and  Mizpeh,  and  Joktheel,  39  Lachish,  and  Bozkath,  and 
Eglon,  40  and  Cabbon,  and  Lahmam,  and  Chitlish,  41  and 
Gederoth,  Beth-dagon,  and  Naamah,  and  Makkedah;  sixteen 
cities  with  their  villages. 

42  Libnah,  and  Ether,  and  Ashan,  43  and  Iphtah,  and 
Ashnah,  and  Nezib,  44  and  Keilah,  and  Achzib,  and  Mareshah ; 
nine  cities  with  their  villages. 

45  Ekron,  with  its  towns  and  its  villages;  46  from  Ekron 
even  unto  the  sea,  all  that  were  by  the  side  of  Ashdod,  with 
their  villages. 

47  Ashdod,  its  towns  and  its  villages;  Gaza,  its  towns  and 
its  villages;  unto  the  brook  of  Egypt,  and  the  great  sea,  and 
the  border  thereof. 

48  And  in  the  hill-country,  Shamir,  and  Jattir,  and  Socoh, 

49  and   Dannah,    and   Kiriath-sannah    (the   same   is   Debir), 

50  and  Anab,  and  Eshtemoh,  and  Anim,  51  and  Goshen,  and 
Holon,  and  Giloh ;  eleven  cities  with  their  villages. 


...17«  ]  P90-92  375 

52  Arab,  and  Dumah,  and  E.shan,  53  and  Janim,  and  Beth- 
tappuah,  and  Aphekah,  54  and  Humtah,  and  Kiriath-arba 
(the  same  is  Hebron),  and  Zior ;  nine  cities  with  their  villages. 

55  Maon,  Carmel,  and  Ziph,  and  Jutah,  56  and  Jezreel,  and 
Jokdeam,  and  Zanoah,  57  Kain,  Gibeah,  and  Tinmah;  ten 
cities  with  their  villages. 

58  Halhul,  Beth-zur,  and  Gedor,  59  and  Maarath,  and 
Beth-anoth,  and  Eltekon ;  six  cities  with  their  villages. 

60  Kiriath-baal  (the  same  is  Kiriath-jearim),  and  Rabbah; 
tw^o  cities  with  their  villages. 

61  In  the  wilderness,  Beth-arabah,  Middin,  and  Secaeah, 
62  and  Nibshan,  and  the  City  of  Salt,  and  Engedi;  six  cities 
wdth  their  villages. 

91.  The  Lot  of  E;Phraim.     E66. 
Josh.  16^-8 

4  And  the  children  of  Joseph,  Manasseh  and  Ephriam,  took 
their  inheritance. 

5  And  the  border  of  the  children  of  Ephraim  according 
to  their  families  was  thus :  the  border  of  their  inheritance  east- 
w^ard  was  Ataroth-addar,  unto  Beth-horon  the  upper;  6  and 
the  border  went  out  westward  at  Michmethath  on  the  north; 
and  the  border  turned  about  eastward  unto  Taanath-shiloh, 
and  passed  along  it  on  the  east  of  Janoah ;  7  and  it  went  down 
from  Janoah  to  Ataroth,  and  to  Naarah,  and  reached  unto 
Jericho,  and  went  out  at  the  Jordan.  8  From  Tappuah  the 
border  went  along  westward  to  the  brook  of  Kanah;  and  the 
goings  out  thereof  w^ere  at  the  sea.  This  is  the  inheritance  of 
the  tribe  of  the  children  of  Ephraim  according  to  their  families. 

92.  The  Lot  of  Manasseh.     J54.     E67.     P78,  88. 

Josh.    171»-3-4.7.9.10a 

la  And  this  was  the  lot  for  the  tribe  of  Manasseh;  for  he  was 
the  first-born  of  Joseph. 

3  But  Zelophehad,  the  son  of  Hepher,  the  son  of  Gilead,  the 
son  of  Machir,  the  son  of  Manasseh,  had  no  sons,  but  daughters: 
and  these  are  the  names  of  his  daughters:  Mahlah,  and  Noah, 
Hoghih,  Mikvih,  and  Tirzah.  4  And  they  came  near  before 
Eleazar  the  priest,  and  before  Joshua  the  son  of  Nun,  and  before 
the  ]^rinces,  saying,  Jehovah  commanded  Moses  to  give  us  an 
inheritance  among  our  brethren:  therefore  according  to  the 
commandment  of  Jehovah  he  gave  them  an  inheritance  among 
the  brethren  of  their  father. 

7  And  the  border  of  Manasseh  was  from  Asher  to  Michme- 
thath, which  is  before  Shechem ;  and  the  border  went  along  to 
the  right  hand,  unto  the  inhabitants  of  En-tappuah.     9  And 


376  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH      [  Josh.  17^ 

the  border  went  down  unto  the  brook  of  Kanah,  southward 
of  the  brook :  .  .  .  and  the  border  of  Manasseh  was  on  the 
north  side  of  the  brook,  and  the  goings  out  thereof  were  at  the 
sea.  10a  Southward  it  was  Ephraim's,  and  northward  it  was 
Manasseh's,  and  the  sea  was  his  border. 

Josh.  18  IS  cf.  P88. 

93.  The  Lot  of  Benjamin. 

Josh.  1811-28 

11  And  the  lot  of  the  tribe  of  the  children  of  Benjamin  came 
up  according  to  their  famihes :  and  the  border  of  their  lot  went 
out  between  the  children  of  Judah  and  the  children  of  Joseph. 
12  And  their  border  on  the  north  quarter  was  from  the  Jordan ; 
and  the  border  went  up  to  the  side  of  Jericho  on  the  north,  and 
went  up  through  the  hill-country  westward ;  and  the  goings  out 
thereof  were  at  the  wildern'ess  of  Beth-aven.  13  And  the  border 
passed  along  from  thence  to  Luz,  to  the  side  of  Luz  (the  same  is 
Beth-el),  southward;  and  the  border  went  do\\ai  to  Ataroth- 
addar,  by  the  mountain  that  lieth  on  the  south  of  Beth-horon 
the  nether.  14  And  the  border  extended  thence,  and  turned 
about  on  the  west  quarter  southward,  from  the  mountain  that 
lieth  before  Beth-horon  southward ;  and  the  goings  out  thereof 
were  at  Kiriath-baal  (the  same  is  Kiriath-jearim),  a  city  of  the 
children  of  Judah:  this  was  the  west  quarter.  15  And  the 
south  quarter  was  from  the  uttermost  part  of  Kiriath-jearim; 
and  the  border  went  out  westward,  and  went  out  to  the  foun- 
tain of  the  waters  of  Nephtoah ;  16  and  the  border  went  down 
to  the  uttermost  part  of  the  mountain  that  lieth  before  the  val- 
ley of  the  son  of  Hinnom,  which  is  in  the  vale  of  Rephaim  north- 
ward; and  it  went  clown  to  the  valley  of  Hinnom,  to  the  side 
of  the  Jebusite  southward,  and  went  down  to  En-rogel ;  17  and 
it  extended  northward,  and  went  out  at  En-shemesh,  and  went 
out  to  Geliloth,  which  is  over  against  the  ascent  of  Adummim ; 
and  it  went  down  to  the  stone  of  Bohan  the  son  of  Reuben; 
18  and  it  passed  along  to  the  side  over  against  the  Arabah  north- 
ward, and  went  down  unto  the  Arabah;  19  and  the  border 
passed  along  to  the  side  of  Beth-hoglah  northward;  and  the 
goings  out  of  the  border  were  at  the  north  bay  of  the  Salt  Sea, 
at  the  south  end  of  the  Jordan:  this  was  the  south  border. 
20  And  the  Jordan  was  the  border  of  it  on  the  east  quarter. 
This  was  the  inheritance  of  the  children  of  Benjamin,  by  the 
borders  thereof  round  about,  according  to  their  families. 

21  Now  the  cities  of  the  tribe  of  the  children  of  Benjamin 
according  to  their  families  were  Jericho,  and  Beth-hoglah,  and 
Emek-keziz,  22  and  Beth-arabah,  and  Zemaraim,  and  Beth-el, 


...1922]  P92-94  377 

23  and  Avvim,  and  Parah,  and  Ophrah,  24  and  Chcphar- 
ammoni,  and  Ophni,  and  Geba ;  twelve  cities  with  their  viUages : 
25  Gibcon,  and  Ramah,  and  Becroth,  26  and  Mizpch,  and 
Chephirah,  and  Mozah,  27  and  Rekcm,  and  Irpeel,  and  Tara- 
lah,  28  and  Zehih,  Eloph,  and  the  Jebusite  (the  same  is  Jeru- 
salem), Gibeath,  and  Kiriath ;  fourt(H>n  cities  with  their  villages. 
This  is  the  inheritance  of  the  children  of  Benjamin  according 
to  their  families. 

94.  The  Lots  of  Simeon,  Zebulun,  Issachar,  Naphtali,  and 
Dan.     J55. 

Josh.   191-8-10-4fi.l8.51 

1  And  the  second  lot  came  out  for  Simeon,  even  for  the  tribe 
of  the  children  of  Simeon  according  to  their  families :  and  their 
inheritance  was  in  the  midst  of  the  inheritance  of  the  children 
of  Judah.  2  And  they  had  for  their  inheritance  Beer-sheba,  or 
Sheba,  and  Moladah,  3  and  Hazar-shual,  and  Balah,  and  Ezem, 
4  and  Eltolad,  and  Bethul,  and  Hormah,  5  and  Ziklag,  and 
Beth-marcaboth,  and  Hazar-susah,  6  and  Bcth-lcbaoth,  and 
Sharuhen;  thirteen  cities  with  their  villages:  7  Ain,  Rimmon, 
and  Ether,  and  Ashan ;  four  cities  \vith  their  villages :  8  and  all 
the  villages  that  were  round  about  these  cities  to  Baalath-beer, 
Ramah  of  the  South.  This  is  the  inheritance  of  the  tribe  of  the 
children  of  Simeon  according  to  their  families. 

10  And  the  third  lot  came  up  for  the  children  of  Zebulun, 
according  to  their  families.  And  the  border  of  their  inheritance 
was  unto  Sarid;  11  and  their  border  went  up  westward,  even 
to  Maralah,  and  reached  to  Dablwsheth;  and  it  reached  to 
the  brook  that  is  before  Jokneam;  12  and  it  turned  from  Sarid 
eastward  toward  the  sunrising  mito  the  border  of  Chisloth- 
tabor;  and  it  went  out  to  Daberath,  and  went  up  to  Japhia; 
13  and  from  thence  it  passed  along  eastward  to  Gath-hephcr, 
to  Eth-kazin;  and  it  went  out  at  Rimmon,  which  stretcheth 
unto  Neah;  14  and  the  border  turncnl  about  it  on  the  north 
to  Hannathon;  and  the  goings  out  thcr(H)f  were  at  the  valley 
of  Iphtah-el;  15  and  Kattath,  and  Nahalal,  and  Shimron, 
and  Idalah,  and  Bethlehem:  twelve  cities  with  their  villages. 
16  This  is  the  inheritance  of  the  childrcni  of  Zebulun  according 
to  their  families,  these  cities  with  their  villages. 

17  The  fourth  lot  came  out  for  Issachar,  even  for  the  chil- 
dren of  Issachar  according  to  their  families.  18  And  their 
border  was  unto  Jezreel,  and  ChesuUoth,  and  Shunem,  19  and 
Hapharaim,  and  Shion,  and  Anaharath,  20  and  Rabbith,  and 
Kishion,  and  Ebez,  21  and  R(^meth,  and  l^^n-gannim,  and  En- 
haddah,  and  Bcth-i)a»zez,  22  and  the  border  reached  to  Tabor, 

«'  Lists  of  cities  in  lO'S"  arc  JE:  We.,  Smend. 


378  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH    [  Josh.  19^2 

and  Shahazumah,  and  Beth-shemesh ;  and  the  goings  out  of 
their  border  were  at  the  Jordan :  sixteen  cities  with  their  vil- 
lages. 23  This  is  the  inheritance  of  the  tribe  of  the  children  of 
Issachar  according  to  their  families,  the  cities  with  their  villages. 

24  And  the  fifth  lot  came  out  for  the  tribe  of  the  children 
of  Asher  according  to  their  families.  25  And  their  border 
was  Helkath,  and  Hah,  and  Beten,  and  Achshaph,  26  and 
Allammelech,  and  Amad,  and  Mishal ;  and  it  reached  to  Carmel 
westward,  and  to  Shihor-libnath ;  27  and  it  turned  toward  the 
sunrising  to  Beth-dagon,  and  reached  to  Zebulun,  and  to  the 
valley  of  Iphtah-el  northward  to  Beth-emek  and  Neiel;  and 
it  went  out  toCabul  on  the  left  hand,  28  and  Ebron,  and  Rehob, 
and  Hammon,  and  Kanah,  even  unto  great  Sidon;  29  and  the 
border  turned  to  Ramah,  and  to  the  fortified  city  of  Tyre ;  and 
the  border  turned  to  Hosah;  and  the  goings  out  thereof  were 
at  the  sea  by  the  region  of  Achzib ;  30  Ummah  also,  and  Aphek, 
and  Rehob :  twenty  and  two  cities  with  their  villages.  31  This 
is  the  inheritance  of  the  tribe  of  the  children  of  Asher  according 
to  their  families,  these  cities  with  their  villages. 

32  The  sixth  lot  came  out  for  the  children  of  Naphtali,  even 
for  the  children  of  Naphtali  according  to  their  families.  33  And 
their  border  was  from  Heleph,  from  the  oak  in  Zaanannim,  and 
Adam-inekeb,  and  Jabneel,  unto  Lakkum;  and  the  goings  out 
thereof  were  at  the  Jordan;  34  and  the  border  turned  west- 
ward to  Aznoth-tabor,  and  went  out  from  thence  to  Hukkok; 
and  it  reached  to  Zebulun  on  the  south,  and  reached  to  Asher 
on  the  west,  and  to  Judah  at  the  Jordan  toward  the  sum-ising. 
35  And  the  fortified  cities  were  Ziddim,  Zer,  and  Hammath, 
Rakkath,  and  Chinnereth,  36  and  Adamah,  and  Ramah,  and 
Hazor,  37  and  Kedesh,  and  Edrei,  and  En-hazor,  38  and  Iron, 
and  Migdal-el,  Horem,  and  Beth-anath,  and  Beth-shemesh; 
nineteen  cities  Math  their  villages.  39  This  is  the  inheritance 
of  the  tribe  of  the  children  of  Naphtali  according  to  their  fam- 
ilies, the  cities  with  their  villages. 

40  The  seventh  lot  came  out  for  the  tribe  of  the  children  of 
Dan  according  to  their  families.  41  And  the  border  of  their 
inheritance  was  Zorah,  and  Eshtaol,  and  Irshemesh,  42  and 
Shaalabbin,  and  Aijalon,  and  Ithlah,  43  and  Elon,  and  Timnah, 
and  Ekron,  44  and  Eltekeh,  and  Gibbethon,  and  Baalath, 
45  and  Jehud,  and  Bene-berak,  and  Gath-rimmon,  46  and 
Me-jarkon,  and  Rakkon,  with  the  border  over  against  Joppa. 
48  This  is  the  inheritance  of  the  tribe  of  the  children  of  Dan 
according  to  their  families,  these  cities  with  their  villages. 

51  These  are  the  inheritances,  which  Eleazar  the  priest,  and 
Joshua  the  son  of  Nun,  and  the  heads  of  the  fathers'  houses  of 
the  tribes  of  the  children  of  Israel,  distributed  for  inheritance 


...213  ]  P94-96  379 

by  lot  in  Shiloh  before  Jehovah,  at  the  door  of  the  tent  of  meet- 
ing.    So  they  made  an  end  of  dividing  the  land. 

95.  Cities  of  Refuge.     P81. 
Josh.  201-6^-7-9 

1  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Joshua,  saying,  2  Speak  to  the 
children  of  Israel,  sajang,  Assign  you  the  cities  of  refuge, 
whereof  I  spake  unto  you  by  Moses,  3  that  the  manslayer  that 
killeth  any  person  unwittingly  and  unawares  may  flee  thither: 
and  they  shall  be  unto  you  for  a  refuge  from  the  avenger  of 
blood.  4  And  he  shall  flee  unto  one  of  those  cities,  and  shall  stand  at 
the  entrance  of  the  gate  of  the  city,  and  declare  his  cause  in  the  ears  of 
the  elders  of  that  city;  and  they  shall  take  him  into  the  city  unto  them, 
and  give  him  a  place,  that  he  may  dwell  among  them.  5  And  if  the 
avenger  of  blood  j)ursue  after  him,  then  they  shall  not  deliver  up  the 
manslayer  into  his  hand;  because  he  smote  his  neighbor  unawares,  and 
hated  him  not  beforetime.  6  And  he  shall  dwell  in  that  city,  until  he 
stand  before  the  congregation  for  judgment,  until  the  death  of  the 
high  priest  that  shall  be  in  those  days:  then  shall  the  manslayer  return, 
and  come  unto  his  own  city,  and  imto  his  own  house,  unto  the  city  from 
whence  he  fled. 

7  And  they  set  apart  Kedesh  in  Galilee  in  the  hill-country 
of  Naphtali,  and  Shechem  in  the  hill-country  of  Ephraim,  and 
Kiriath-arl)a  (the  same  is  Hebron)  in  the  hill-comitry  of  Judah. 
8  And  beyond  the  Jordan  at  Jericho  eastward,  they  assigned 
Bezer  in  the  wilderness  in  the  plain  out  of  the  tribe  of  Reuben, 
and  Ramoth  in  Gilead  out  of  the  tribe  of  Gad,  and  Golan  in 
Bashan  out  of  the  tribe  of  Manasseh.  9  These  were  the  ap- 
pointed cities  for  all  the  children  of  Israel,  and  for  the  stranger 
that  sojourneth  among  them,  that  whosoever  killeth  any  per- 
son unwittingly  might  flee  thither,  and  not  die  by  the  hand 
of  the  avenger  of  blood,  until  he  stood  before  the  congregation. 

96.  Cities  for  the  Levites.    P80. 
Josh.  2V-'' 

1  Then  came  near  the  heads  of  fathers'  houses  of  the  Le~ 
vites  imto  Eleazar  the  priest,  and  unto  Joshua  the  son  of  Nun, 
and  unto  the  heads  of  fathers'  houses  of  the  tribes  of  the  children 
of  Israel;  2  and  they  spake  unto  them  at  Shiloh  in  the  land 
of  Canaan,  saying,  Jehovah  commanded  by  Moses  to  give 
us  cities  to  dw(>ll  in,  with  the  suburbs  thereof  for  our  cattle. 
3  And  the  children  of  Israel  gave  unto  the  Levites  out  of  their 
inheritance,  according  to  the  commandment  of  Jehovah,  these 
cities  with  their  suburbs. 


"  w.  4-6  (except  "until  .  .  .  judgment"  in  v.  6)  are  R:  om.  LXX. 


380  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH      [  Josh.  21^ 

4  And  the  lot  came  out  for  the  famiHes  of  the  Kohathites: 
and  the  children  of  Aaron  the  priest,  who  were  of  the  Levites, 
had  by  lot  out  of  the  tribe  of  Judah,  and  out  of  the  tribe  of 
the  Simeonites,  and  out  of  the  tribe  of  Benjamin,  thirteen 
cities. 

5  And  the  rest  of  the  children  of  Kohath  had  by  lot  out  of 
the  families  of  the  tribe  of  Ephraim,  and  out  of  the  tribe  of 
Dan,  and  out  of  the  half-tribe  of  Manasseh,  ten  cities. 

6  And  the  children  of  Gershon  had  by  lot  out  of  the  families 
of  the  tribe  of  Issachar,  and  out  of  the  tribe  of  Asher,  and  out 
of  the  tribe  of  Naphtali,  and  out  of  the  half-tribe  of  Manasseh 
in  Bashan,  thirteen  cities. 

7  The  children  of  Merari  according  to  their  families  had  out 
of  the  tribe  of  Reuben,  and  out  of  the  tribe  of  Gad,  and  out  of 
the  tribe  of  Zebulun,  twelve  cities. 

8  And  the  children  of  Israel  gave  by  lot  unto  the  Levites 
these  cities  with  their  suburbs,  as  Jehovah  commanded  by 
Moses.  9  And  they  gave  out  of  the  tribe  of  the  children  of 
Judah,  and  out  of  the  tribe  of  the  children  of  Simeon,  these 
cities  which  are  here  mentioned  by  name:  10  and  they  were 
for  the  children  of  Aaron,  of  the  famiHes  of  the  Kohathites, 
who  were  of  the  children  of  Levi ;  for  theirs  was  the  first  lot. 
11  And  they  gave  them  Kiriath-arba,  which  Arha  was  the  father 
of  Anak  (the  same  is  Hebron),  in  the  hill-country  of  Judah, 
with  the  suburbs  thereof  round  about  it.  12  But  the  fields 
of  the  city,  and  the  villages  thereof,  gave  they  to  Caleb  the 
son  of  Jephunneh  for  his  possession. 

13  And  unto  the  children  of  Aaron  the  priest  they  gave 
Hebron  with  its  suburbs,  the  city  of  refuge  for  the  manslayer, 
and  Libnah  with  its  suburbs,  14  and  Jattir  -mth  its  suburbs, 
and  Eshtemoa  with  its  suburbs,  15  and  Holon  with  its  suburbs, 
and  Debir  with  its  suburbs,  16  and  Ain  with  its  suburbs,  and 
Juttah  with  its  suburbs,  and  Beth-shemesh  with  its  suburbs ; 
nine  cities  out  of  those  two  tribes.  17  And  out  of  the  tribe  of 
Benjamin,  Gibeon  with  its  suburbs,  Geba  with  its  suburbs, 
18  Anathoth  with  its  suburbs,  and  Almon  with  its  suburbs; 
four  cities.  19  All  the  cities  of  the  children  of  Aaron,  the 
priests,  were  thirteen  cities  with  their  suburbs. 

20  And  the  families  of  the  children  of  Kohath,  the  Levites, 
even  the  rest  of  the  children  of  Kohath,  they  had  the  cities 
of  their  lot  out  of  the  tribe  of  Ephraim.  21  And  they  gave 
them  Shechem  with  its  suburbs  in  the  hill-country  of  Ephraim, 
the  city  of  refuge  for  the  manslayer,  and  Gezer  with  its  suburbs, 
22  and  Kibzaim  with  its  suburbs,  and  Beth-horon  with  its 
suburbs;  four  cities.  23  And  out  of  the  tribe  of  Dan,  Elteke 
with   its  suburbs,    Gibbethon   with   its   suburbs.     24  Aijalon 


...229  ]  P96-97  381 

with  its  suburbs,  Gath-rimmon  with  its  suburbs;  four  cities. 

25  And  out  of  the  half-tribe  of  Manasseh,  Taanach  with  its 
suburbs,    and    Gath-rimmon    with    its    suburbs;     two    cities. 

26  All  the  cities  of  the  families  of  the  rest  of  the  children  of 
Kohath  were  ten  with  their  suburbs. 

27  And  unto  the  (children  of  Gershon,  of  the  families  of  the 
Levites,  out  of  the  half-tribe  of  Manasseh  they  gave  Golan  in 
Bashan  with  its  suburbs,  tlu^  city  of  refuge  for  the  manslayer, 
and  Be-eshterah  with  its  suburbs;  two  cities.  28  And  out 
of  the  tribe  of  Issachar,  Kishion  with  its  suburbs,  Dal)crath  with 
its  suburbs,  29  Jarmuth  with  its  suburbs,  En-gannim  with 
its  suburbs;  four  cities.  30  And  out  of  the  tribe  of  Asher, 
Mishal  with  its  suburbs,  Abdon  with  its  suburbs,  31  Helkath 
with  its  suburbs,  and  Kehob  with  its  suburbs;    four  cities. 

32  And  out  of  the  tribe  of  Naphtali,  Kedesh  in  Galilee  with  its 
sul)urbs,  the  city  of  refuge  for  the  manslayer,  and  Hammoth- 
dor  with  its  suburbs,  and  Kartan  with  its  suburbs ;  three  cities. 

33  All  the  cities  of  the  Gershonites  according  to  their  families 
were  thirteen  citic^s  \\nth  their  suburbs. 

34  And  unto  the  families  of  the  children  of  Merari,  the  rest 
of  the  Levites,  out  of  the  tribe  of  Zebulun,  Jokneam  with  its 
suburbs,  and  Kartah  with  its  suburbs,  35  Dimnah  with  its 
suburbs,  Nahalal  with  its  suburbs;  four  cities.  36  And  out 
of  the  tribe  of  Reuben,  Bezer  with  its  suburbs,  and  Jahaz  with 
its  suburbs,  37  Kedemoth  with  its  suburbs,  and  Mejihaath 
with  its  suburbs;  four  cities.  38  And  out  of  the  tribe  of  Gad, 
Ramoth  in  Gilead  with  its  suburbs,  the  city  of  refuge  for  the 
manslayer,  and  Mahanaim  with  its  suburbs,  39  Heshljon  with 
its  suburbs,  Jazer  with  its  suburbs ;  four  cities  in  all.  40  All 
these  were  the  cities  of  the  children  of  Merari  according  to  their 
families,  even  the  rest  of  the  families  of  the  Levites ;  and  their 
lot  was  twelve  cities. 

41  All  the  cities  of  the  Levites  in  the  midst  of  the  possession 
of  the  children  of  Israel  were  forty  and  eight  cities  with  their 
sul)ur])s.  42  These  cities  were  every  one  with  their  suburbs 
round  about  them :   thus  it  was  with  all  these  cities. 

97.  Reuben,  Gad,  and  Manasseh  Build  an  Altar  in  Gilead, 
BUT  Agree  Not  to  Sacrifice  on  It.     P78,  88. 

Josh.  22^-34 

9  And  the  children  of  Reuben  and  the  children  of  Gad  and 
the  half-tribe  of  Manasseh  returned,  and  departed  from  the 
children  of  Israel  out  of  Sliiloh,  which  is  in  the  land  of  Canaan, 
to  go  unto  the  land  of  Gilead,  to  the  land  of  their  possession, 


'  V.  34,  "Ed,"  in  Hcbr.,  witness. 


382  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH      [  Josh.  22^ 

whereof  they  were  possessed,  according  to  the  commandment 
of  Jehovdih  by  Mos'es. 

10  And  when  they  came  unto  the  region  about  the  Jordan, 
that  is  in  the  land  of  Canaan,  the  children  of  Reuben  and  the 
children  of  Gad  and  the  half-tribe  of  Manasseh  built  there  an 
altar  by  the  Jordan,  a  great  altar  to  look  upon.  11  And  the 
children  of  Israel  heard  say.  Behold,  the  children  of  Reuben 
and  the  children  of  Gad  and  the  half-tribe  of  Manasseh  have 
built  an  altar  in  the  forefront  of  the  land  of  Canaan,  in  the 
region  about  the  Jordan,  on  the  side  that  pertaineth  to  the  chil- 
dren of  Israel.  12  And  when  the  children  of  Israel  heard  of 
it,  the  whole  congregation  of  the  children  of  Israel  gathered 
themselves  together  at  Shiloh,  to  go  up  against  them  to 
war. 

13  And  the  children  of  Israel  sent  unto  the  children  of 
Reuben,  and  to  the  children  of  Gad,  and  to  the  half-tribe  of 
Manasseh,  into  the  land  of  Gilead,  Phinehas  the  son  of  Eleazar 
the  priest,  14  and  with  him  ten  princes,  one  prince  of  a  fathers' 
house  for  each  of  the  tribes  of  Israel ;  and  they  were  every  one 
of  them  head  of  their  fathers'  houses  among  the  thousands  of 
Israel.  15  And  they  came  unto  the  children  of  Reuben,  and 
to  the  children  of  Gad,  and  to  the  half-tribe  of  Manasseh,  unto 
the  land  of  Gilead,  and  they  spake  with  them,  saying,  16  Thus 
saith  the  whole  congregation  of  Jehovah,  What  trespass  is  this 
that  ye  have  committed  against  the  God  of  Israel,  to  turn 
away  this  day  from  following  Jehovah,  in  that  ye  have  builded 
you  an  altar,  to  rebel  this  day  against  Jehovah?  17  Is  the 
iniquity  of  Peor  too  little  for  us,  from  which  we  have  not  cleansed 
ourselves  unto  this  day,  although  there  came  a  plague  upon  the 
congregation  of  Jehovah,  18  that  ye  must  turn  away  this 
day  from  following  Jehovah?  and  it  will  be,  seeing  ye  rebel 
to-day  against  Jehovah,  that  to-morrow  he  will  be  wroth  with 
the  whole  congregation  of  Israel.  19  Howbeit,  if  the  land 
of  your  possession  be  unclean,  then  pass  ye  over  unto  the  land 
of  the  possession  of  Jehovah,  wherein  Jehovah's  tabernacle 
dwelleth,  and  take  possession  among  us:  but  rebel  not  against 
Jehovah,  nor  rebel  against  us,  in  building  you  an  altar  besides 
the  altar  of  Jehovah  our  God.  20  Did  not  Achan  the  son  of 
Zerah  commit  a  trespass  in  the  devoted  thing,  and  wrath  fell 
upon  all  the  congregation  of  Israel?  and  that  man  perished  not 
alone  in  his  iniquity. 

21  Then  the  children  of  Reuben  and  the  children  of  Gad 
and  the  half-tribe  of  Manasseh  answered,  and  spake  unto  the 
heads  of  the  thousands  of  Israel,  22  The  Mighty  One,  God, 
Jehovah,  the  Mighty  One,  God,  Jehovah,  he  knoweth;  and 
Israel  he  shall    know:    if  it  be  in  rebellion,  or  if  in  trespass 


-22''4  ]  P97  383 

against  Jehovah  (save  thou  us  not  this  day),  23  that  we  have 
built  us  an  altar  to  turn  away  from  following  Jehovah ;  or  if  to 
offer  thereon  burnt-offering  or  meal-offering,  or  if  to  offer  sacri- 
fices of  peace-offerings  thereon,  let  Jehovah  himself  require  it ; 
24  and  if  we  have  not  rather  out  of  carefulness  done  this,  and 
of  purpose,  saying.  In  time  to  come  your  children  might  speak 
unto  our  children,  saying,  What  have  ye  to  do  with  Jehovah, 
the  God  of  Israel?  25  for  Jehovah  hath  made  the  Jordan  a 
border  between  us  and  you,  ye  children  of  Reuben  and  children 
of  Gad ;  ye  have  no  portion  in  Jehovah :  so  might  your  chil- 
dren make  our  children  cease  from  fearing  Jehovah.  26  There- 
fore we  said.  Let  us  now  prepare  to  build  us  an  altar,  not  for 
burnt-offering,  nor  for  sacrifice :  27  but  it  shall  be  a  \vitness 
between  us  and  you,  and  between  our  generations  after  us,  that 
we  may  do  the  service  of  Jehovah  before  him  with  our  burnt- 
offerings,  and  with  our  sacrifices,  and  with  our  peace-offerings ; 
that  your  children  may  not  say  to  our  children  in  time  to  come, 
Ye  have  no  portion  in  Jehovah.  28  Therefore  said  we.  It  shall 
be,  when  they  so  say  to  us  or  to  our  generations  in  time  to  cotne, 
that  we  shall  say.  Behold  the  pattern  of  the  altar  of  Jehovah, 
which  our  fathers  made,  not  for  bumt-offering,  nor  for  sacrifice ; 
but  it  is  a  witness  between  us  and  you.  29  Far  be  it  from  us 
that  we  should  rebel  against  Jehovah,  and  turn  away  this  day 
from  following  Jehovah,  to  build  an  altar  for  burnt-offering,  for 
meal-offering,  or  for  sacrifice,  besides  the  altar  of  Jehovah  our 
God  that  is  before  his  tabernacle. 

30  And  when  Phinehas  the  priest,  and  the  princes  of  the  con- 
gregation, even  the  heads  of  the  thousands  of  Israel  that  were 
with  him,  heard  the  words  that  the  children  of  Reuben  and  the 
children  of  Gad  and  the  children  of  Manasseh  spake,  it  pleased 
them  well.  31  And  Phinehas  the  son  of  Eleazar  the  priest 
said  unto  the  children  of  Reuben,  and  to  the  children  of  Gad, 
and  to  the  children  of  Manasseh,  This  day  we  know  that  Jeho- 
vah is  in  the  midst  of  us,  because  ye  have  not  committed  this 
trespass  against  Jehovah :  now  have  ye  delivered  the  children 
of  Israel  out  of  the  hand  of  Jehovah.  32  And  Phinehas  the 
son  of  Eleazar  the  priest,  and  the  princes,  returned  from  the 
children  of  Reuben,  and  from  the  children  of  Gad,  out  of  the 
land  of  Gilcad,  unto  the  land  of  Canaan,  to  the  children  of  Israel, 
and  brought  them  word  again.  33  And  the  thing  pleased  the 
children  of  Israel;  and  the  children  of  Israel  blessed  God, 
and  spake  no  more  of  going  up  against  them  to  war,  to  destroy 
the  land  wherein  the  children  of  Reuben  and  the  children  of 
Gad  dwelt.  34  And  the  children  of  Reuben  and  the  children 
of  Gad  called  the  altar  Ed:  For,  said  they,  it  is  a  witness 
between  us  that  Jehovah  is  God. 


384  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH    [Gen.  14 1 

Late  R  Abram  Rescues  Lot  from  the  Kings  of  Elam,  Goiim, 
Shinar,  and  Ellasar,  and  is  Blessed  by  Melchiz- 

EDEK, 

Gn.  141-24 

Introductory  Note. — Gn.  14  is  universally  recognized 
to  belong  in  none  of  the  Pentateuchal  sources  (Di.,  however, 
thought  that  it  had  a  groundwork  from  E  worked  over  by  R 
or  Rd). 

There  is  difference  of  opinion  among  critics  as  to  the  origin 
and  historicity  of  this  chapter.  Some  hold  that  it  is  an  inde- 
pendent ancient  tradition:  so  Kittel,  who  holds  that  it  was 
written  by  a  north-Israelite  for  the  Canaanites  about  the  time 
of  David.  Se.  advances  the  theory  that  it  was  an  ancient 
cuneiform  inscription  in  the  Jebusite  archives  in  Jerusalem  (cf. 
the  glosses  in  vv.  2,  3,  7,  etc.;  Se.  makes  vv.  17,  20-24  R). 
Paton  finds  here  an  ancient  Palestinian  document.  Hommel 
regards  it  as  historical. 

Most  critics  admit  that  a  certain  measure  of  ancient  tradi- 
tion may  be  embodied  in  the  chapter,  as  in  the  names  of  the 
kings  (Amraphel — Hammurapi;  Arioch — Eri-Agu;  Chedor- 
laomer — Kudur-lagamar,  Sk.)  But  the  majority  regard  it  as 
late  (post-exilic)  and  as  an  unhistorical  midrash,  so  far  as 
the  details  and  its  present  form  are  concerned.  So:  We.,  Ku., 
Noldeke,  Co.,  Bu.,  St.,  Ba.,  Briggs,  Gu.,  Dr.,  GFM.,  CH., 
Wildeboer,  Sk.,  Barton.  Even  Ki.  regards  vv  14-17  as  unhis- 
torical, and  refers  to  the  Sinuhe  story  (Gr.  TB.,  210-217), 
although  vv.  18-20,  from  Canaanite  sources,  are,  in  his  opinion, 
trustworthy.  On  the  whole  discussion  see  Barton's  valuable 
article  ''Abraham  and  Archseology,"  JBL.  vol.  28,  pp.  152-168. 

1  And  it  came  to  pass  in  the  days  of  Amraphel  king  of 
Shinar,  Arioch  king  of  Ellasar,  Chedorlaomer  king  of  Elam, 
and  Tidal  king  of  Goiim,  2  that  they  made  war  with  Bera  king 
of  Sodom,  and  with  Birsha  king  of  Gomorrah,  Shinab  king 
of  Admah,  and  Shemeber  king  of  Zeboiim,  and  the  king  of  Bela 
(the  same  is  Zoar).  3  All  these  joined  together  in  the  vale  of 
Siddim  (the  same  is  the  Salt  Sea).  4  Twelve  years  they  served 
Che'dorlaomer,  and  in  the  thirteenth  year  they  rebelled.  5  And 
in  the  fourteenth  year  came  Chedorlaomer,  and  the  kings  that 
were  with  him,  and  smote  the  Rephaim  in  Ashterothkamaim, 
and  the  Zuzim  in  Ham,  and  the  Emin  in  Shavehkiriathaim, 
6  and  the  Horites  in  their  mount  Seir,  unto  El-paran,  which 
is  by  the  wilderness.  7  And  they  returned,  and  came  to  En- 
mishpat  (the  same  is  Kadesh),  and  smote  all  the  country  of 
the  Amalekites,  and  also  the  Amorites,  that  dwelt  in  Hazazon- 

Late  u  "Qojj  j^og^  High"  in  v.  18ff.  is  ia  Hebr.  El  Elyon. 


-14^^  I  LATE  R  385 

tamar.  8  And  there  went  out  the  king  of  Sodom,  and  the  king 
of  Gomorrah,  and  the  king  of  Adraah,  and  the  king  of  Zeboiim, 
and  the  king  of  Behi  (the  same  is  Zoar) ;  and  they  set  the  battle 
in  array  against  them  in  the  vale  of  Siddim ;  9  against  Chedor- 
laomer  king  of  Elam,  and  Tidal  king  of  Goiim,  and  Amraphel 
king  of  Shinar,  and  Arioch  king  of  Ellasar;  four  kings  against 
the  five.  10  Now  the  vale  of  Siddim  was  full  of  slime  pits; 
and  the  kings  of  Sodom  and  Gomorrah  fled,  and  they  fell  there, 
and  they  that  remained  fied  to  the  mountain.  11  And  they 
took  all  the  goods  of  Sodom  and  Gomorrah,  and  all  their  victuals, 
and  went  their  way.  12  And  they  took  Lot,  Abram's  brother's 
son,  who  dwelt  in  Sodom,  and  his  goods,  and  departed. 

13  And  there  came  one  that  had  escaped,  and  told  Abram 
the  Hebrew :  now  he  dwelt  by  the  oaks  of  Mamre,  the  Amorite, 
brother  of  Eshcol,  and  brother  of  Aner;  and  these  were  con- 
federate \\ith  Abram.  14  And  when  Abram  heard  that  his 
brother  was  taken  captive,  he  led  forth  his  trained  men,  born 
in  his  house,  three  hundred  and  eighteen,  and  pursued  as  far 
as  Dan.  15  And  he  divided  himself  against  them  by  night, 
he  and  his  servants,  and  smote  them,  and  pursued  them  unto 
Hobah,  which  is  on  the  left  hand  of  Damascus.  16  And  he 
brought  back  all  the  goods,  and  also  brought  back  his  brother 
Lot,  and  his  goods,  and  the  women  also,  and  the  people. 

17  And  the  king  of  Sodom  went  out  to  meet  him,  after  his 
return  from  the  slaughter  of  Chedorlaomer  and  the  kings  that 
were  with  him,  at  the  vale  of  Shaveh  (the  same  is  the  King's 
Wale).  18  And  Melchizedek  king  of  Salem  brought  forth 
bread  and  wine :  and  he  was  priest  of  God  Most  High.  19  And 
he  blessed  him,  and  said.  Blessed  be  Abram  of  God  Most  High, 
possessor  of  heaven  and  earth;  20  and  blessed  be  God  Most 
High,  who  hath  delivered  thine  enemies  into  thy  hand.  And 
he  gave  him  a  tenth  of  all.  21  And  the  king  of  Sodom  said 
unto  Abram,  Give  me  the  persons,  and  take  the  goods  to  thy- 
self. 22  And  Abram  said  to  the  king  of  Sodom,  I  have  lifted 
up  my  hand  unto  Jehovah,  God  Most  High,  possessor  of  heaven 
and  earth,  23  that  I  will  not  take  a  thread  nor  a  shoe-latchet 
nor  aught  that  is  thine,  lest  thou  shouldest  say,  I  have  made 
Abram  rich :  24  save  only  that  which  the  young  men  have 
eaten,  and  the  portion  of  the  men  that  went  with  me,  Aner, 
Eshcol,  and  Mamre ;  let  them  take  their  portion. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY 

Note. — This  bibliography  lays  no  claim  to  completeness.  It  includes 
almost  exclusively  such  books  aa  have  been  actually  used  in  the  prepara- 
tion of  the  present  volume.  Abbreviations  employed  in  the  text  for  the 
name  of  each  critic  are  printed  before  his  name. 

(Ad.)    Addis,  W.  E.,  The  Documents  of  the  Hexateuch.     2  parts. 
New  York  and  London,  1893. 

,  art.,  "Aaron,"  Enc.  Bib. 

(Ba.)   Bacon,  B.  W.,  The  Genesis  of  Genesis.    Hartford,  1892. 

,  The  Triple  Tradition  of  the  Exodus.    Hartford,  1894. 

(Ba.)    Bantsch,  B.,  Exodus-Leviticus.    Gottingen,  1900. 

,  Numeri.     Gottingen,  1903. 

(Both   of  the  above  volumes  are  in  the  Handkommentar 
zum  Alten  Testament.) 
Barton,   G.   A.,   art.,    "Abraham   and   Archaeology,"   JBL., 
vol.  28. 
(Bu.)    Budde,  K.,  Das  nomadische  Ideal.    Preuss.  Jahrb.,  1896. 

Briggs,  C.  A.,  The  Higher  Criticism  of  the  Hexateuch.    New 

York,  1893. 
Carpenter,   J.   E.,   and    Harford-Battersby,   G.,   The   Hexa- 
teuch according  to  the  Revised  Version.    London,  1900. 
"The  Oxford  Hexateuch." 

(CH.)    ,    ...,  and  Harford  G.,  The  Composition  of  the 

Hexateuch.     London,  1902. 
(Co.)    Cornill,   C.   H.,   Einleitung  in  die  kanonischen  Biicher  des 
Alten  Testaments.    Gth  ed.    Tiibingen,  1908. 

,  Zm*  Einleitung  in  das  Altc  Testament.     Tubingen, 

1912. 
Cook,  S.  A.,  art.,  "Aaron,"  Encyclopaxlia  Britannica. 
Dahse,  J.,  Textkritische  Materialien  zur  Hexateuchfrage.    I. 
Gie-ssen,  1912. 
(Del.)    Delitzsch. 

(Di.)    Dillmann,  A.  (ed.  R.  Kittel),  Handbuch  dcr    alttestament- 
lichen  Theologie.    Leipzig,  1895. 

,  Kurzgefasstes  exegetisches   Handbuch  zum  Alten 

Testament.     Genesis.    5th  ed.  Leipzig,  188G.    Exodus  und 
Leviticus.  2d  ed.  Leipzig,  1880.    Numeri,  Deuteronomium, 
und  .Josua.  2d  ed.  Leipzig,  1886. 
(Dr.)    Driver,   S.   R.,   Introduction   to  the  Literature  of  the  Old 
Testament.     Revised  ed.    New  York,  1913. 

,  The  Book  of  Genesis.    London,  1904. 

,  E.xodus,  in  the  Cambridge  Bible.     1911. 

,  The    Book    of    Leviticus,  in    Holy  Bible,    Poly- 
chrome ed.  New  York,  1898. 
387 


388  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH 

(Eerd.)   Eerdmans,  B.,  Alttestamentliche  Studien.    3  parts.    Giessen, 
1908-1910. 
Eiselen,  F.  C,  The  Books  of  the  Pentateuch.     New  York, 
1916. 
(Ene.  Bib.)   Encyclopsedia  Biblica.    4  vols.    Ed.  T.  K.  Cheyne.    London, 
1899-1903. 
(Ew.)   Ewald. 
(GFM.)   See  Moore,  George  Foote. 

Gray,  G.  B.,  Studies  in  Hebrew  Proper  Names.     London, 

1896. 
. . . . ,  A  Critical  and  Exegetical  Commentary  on  Numbers. 
New  York,  1903. 
(Gr.)   Gressmann,  H.,  Der  Ursprung  der  Israelitisch-jtidischen  Es- 
chatologie.     Gottingen,  1905. 

,  Die  Schriften  des  Alten  Testaments,  I.  2.     Die 

Anfange  Israels.    Gottingen,  1914. 

,    ,  II.   1.     Die  alteste  Geschichts- 

schreibung  und  Prophetic  Israels.    Gottingen,  1910. 

(Gr.TB.)    ,    Altorientalische   Texte    und    Bilder.     Tubingen, 

1909. 
(Gu.)   Gunkel,  H.,  Die  Schriften  des  Alten  Testaments,  I.  1.    Die 
Urgeschichte  und  die  Patriarchen.     Gottingen,  1911. 

,   Genesis.     3d  ed.     In  Handkommentar  zum  Alten 

Testament.     Gottingen,  1910. 
(HDB.)    Hastings,  J.,  ed.,  A  Dictionary  of  the  Bible.    5  vols.    Edin- 
burgh and  New  York,  1903-1904. 
(Ho.)    Holzinger,  H.,  Einleitung  in  den  Hexateuch.     Freiburg  imd 
Leipzig,  1893.     (With  tables  showing  the  analysis  of  Di., 
We.,  Ku.,  Co.,  Bu.,  Jul.,  etc.). 
International    Standard    Bible    Encyclopaedia,    ed.    J.    Orr. 
5  vols.    Chicago,  1915. 
(JBL.)   Journal  of  Biblical  Literature. 
(Ka.)   Kautzsch,   E.,   Die  Heilige  Schrift  des  Alten  Testaments. 
3d  ed.     Tubingen,   1909.       (Gn.-Nu.,  and  Josh,  by  Ka. 
and  Ho.  Dt.  by  Marti.). 
Kent,  C.  F.,  The  Beginnings  of  Hebrew  History,  in  Student's 
Old  Testament.    New  York,  1904. 

,  Israel's  Laws  and  Legal  Precedents,  in  same.     New 

York,  1907. 
(Ki.)  Kittel,  R.,  Geschichte  des  Volkes  Israel.     2  vols.     2d  ed. 
Gotha,  1912. 
Knudson,  A.  C,  The  So-called  J-Decalogue,  in  JBL.,  vol.  27, 

pt.  1,  1909. 
Konig,  E.,  Die  moderne  Pentateuchkritik  und  ihre  neueste 
Bekampfung,  1914. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY  389 

(Ku.)    Kuenen,  A.,  An  Historical-critical   Inquiry  into  the  Origin 
and  Composition  of  the  Hexateuch.    Tr.,  London,  1886. 
Luther,    B.,     Die    Personlichkeit   des   Jahvisten,   in   Meyer, 
q.v.,  pp.  105-173. 
(McN.)    McNeile,  A.  H.,  The  Book  of  Exodus,  with  Introduction  and 
Notes.    London,  1908. 
(Mi.)    Mitchell,  H.  G.,   Genesis,  in  Bible  for  Home  and  School. 
New  York,  1909. 
Meinhold,  11.,  Sabbat  und  Woche.    Gottingen,  1905. 
Meissnor,  B.,  Der  Dekalog.     1893. 

Meyer,  E.,  Die  Israeliten  imd  ilue  Nachbai-stamme.     Halle, 
1906. 
(GFM.)    Moore,  G.  F.,  Tatian's  Diatessaron  and  the  Pentateuch,  in 
JBL.  1890,  Ft.  II. 

,  artt.,  "Genesis,"  "Exodus,"  "Leviticus,"  "Numbers," 

"Deuteronomy,"  and  "Joshua,"  in  Enc.  Bib. 

,  The  Literature  of  the  Old  Testament.     New  York 

and  London,  1913. 
Naville,  E.,  The  Text  of  the  Old  Testament.    British  Acad- 
emy, 1917. 
Paton,  L.  B.,  The  Original  Form  of  the  Book  of  the  Cove- 
nant, in  JBL.  vols.  12,  16. 

,  The  Original  Form  of  Lv.  xxi,  xxii,  in  JBL.  17. 

,  The  Original  Form  of  Lv.  \-xiii,  xxv,  in  JBL.  18. 

Peritz,  I.  J.,  Old  Testament  History.    New  York,  1915. 
(Pr.)    Proksch,  O.,  Das  nordhebriiische  Sagenbuch,  die  Elohimquclle 
iibersetzt  und  untersucht.    Leipzig,  1906. 
Rogers,  R.  W.,  A  History  of  Babylonia  and  Assyria.      3d  ed. 
New  York,  1916. 

,  Cuneiform  Parallels  to  the  Old  Testament.     New 

York,  1912. 
(SB.)   La  Sainte  Bible  (La  Bible  du  Centcnaire).    First  installment, 
Gn.  1*-Ex.  9^^    General  editor,  Adoli)hc  Lods  (Sorbonnc). 
Genesis,  Louis  Aubert  (Neuchatol).     Exodus,  Henri  Tra- 
baud  (Geneva).    Socicte  Biblique  de  Paris,  191611. 
(Se.)    Sellin,  E.,  Einlcitung  in  das  Alte  Testament.    Leipzig,  1910. 

,   Zur  Einleitung  in  das  Alte  Testament.     Leipzig, 

1912. 
(Sk.)   Skinner,  J,  A.,  A  critical  and  exegetical  Commentary  on 
Genesis.     New  York,  1910. 
Smend,  R.,  Die  Erziihlung  des  Hexateuch  auf  ihre  Quellen 

untersucht.     Berlin,  1912. 
Stadc,  B.,  Biblische   Theologie  des  Alten  Testaments.     Tu- 
bingen, 1905. 
(Sten.)    Stcnning,  J.  F.,  art.,  "Exodus,"  in  Encyclopaedia  Britannica. 


390  SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH 

(St.)   Steuernagel,  C,  Einleitung  in  das  Alte  Testament.     Tubin- 
gen, 1912. 

,  Deuteronomium,  Josua,  Einleitung  in  den  Hexa- 

teuch,  in  Handkommentar  zum  Alton  Testament.     Got- 
tingen,  1900. 
(We.)    Wellhausen,  J.,  Die  Komposition  des  Hexateuchs  und  der 
historischen  Biicher  des  Alten  Testaments.      3d  ed.     Ber- 
lin, 1899. 

White,  H.  A.,  art.,  "Aaron,"  in  HDB. 

Woods,  F.  H.,  art.,  "Hexateuch,"  in  HDB. 

Wood,  I.  F.,  and  Grant,  E.,  The  Bible  as  Literature.    New 
York,  1914. 

ABBREVIATIONS 

Note. — For  abbreviations  of  names  of  critics  and  books  of  reference, 
see  the  preceding  bibliography. 

Am.  Rev. — American  Standard  Version  of  the  Bible. 

art.,  artt. — article,  articles. 

cf. — compare. 

E— The  Elohistic  document. 

ed. — editor,  edition,  edited  by,  etc. 

esp. — especially. 

et  al. — and  others. 

exc. — except. 

Hebr. — Hebrew. 

J — the  Jahvistic  document. 

LXX — the  Septuagint,  or  Greek  tr.  of  the  OT. 

marg. — margin. 

om. — omit,  omits. 

OT.— Old  Testament. 

P — the  Priestly  code. 

perh. — perhaps. 

q.v. — which  see. 

R — Redactor  or  reviser. 

Rd,  Rje,  Rp — Redactor  of  the  school  of  Dt.,  JE,  or  P. 

ref.,  refif. — reference,  references. 

Sam.  Pent. — Samaritan  Pentateuch. 

Syr. — Syriac  tr. 

Targ.  Onk. — Targum  of  Onkelos. 

tr. — translate,  translation,  etc. 

v.,  w. — verse,  verses. 

Vulg. — Vulgate  (Latin)  translation. 

.  .  . — indicates  some  omission,  as  6''---^^,  meaning,  chapter  6,  verses 

7  to  15,  with  some  omissions. 
* — indicates  that  only  a  portion  of  the  passage  in  question  is  intended. 


INDEX 


NoTn. — No  attempt  is  made  in  this  index  to  distinguish  the  various  Rs.  Reference  to 
the  text  will  show  the  extent  of  the  redaction. — *  indicates  that  the  verse  or  passage  be- 
longs to  the  source  mentioned  only  in  part. — Reff.  are  to  sections  of  the  various  documents. 

I.513-16 Eli 

15"-2i J13vi 

16'» P7iii 

16ib-2 J1.3vii 

163 P7i;i 

16<-'< J13%di 

1616-172' P7iii-v 

18'-1928 J13\dii-is 

19-> P7vi 

1930-38 J13x 

201-18 Elii 

211" J13xi 

211b P7^Ti 

212» J13xi 

212i'-5 P7vii 

216'> Eliii 

21«b-7 J13xi 

218-32 Eliv-v 

2133-34 J13xu 

221-n EU-i-vii 

2220-24 J13xiii 

231-20 P7viii 

241-256 J13xiv-xv 

2rr-ii'' P7ix 

2511I' T14i 

2r)i2-i7 P8 

2.518 J13xv 

2,5i»-20 P9i 

252i-26a T14ii 

2526b P9i 

2527-2033 .T14iii-iv 

2031-36 lK)ii 

271a .H4v 

271b E2i 

272-10 jMv 

2711-13 E2i 

271*15 J14v 

2716 E2i 

2717-13* J14v 

27i8b-i9  j]2i 

2720... ■.■.■;.'.;;;;;;::;;:;;;::  :.ii4v 

2721-23 E2i 

2721-27;  ['.'.'.  '.['.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'..'.'.  3  lAv 

2728 E2i 

2729-.0 J14v 

272»b E2i 

273o» J14v 

2730b E2i 

2730c-33a J14v 

2733b-34 E2i 

2735-38 J14v-vi 

273» E2ii 

27<'l-45 J14^T 

27<6-28» P9iii-iv 

2810 Iloi 

2811-12 E3i 

2.813-16 T15i 

2817-18 E3i 

28i» J15i 

2820-291 E3i-ii 

391 


Genesis 

11-2*'' PI 

2ib^2(i J1.6 

51-28 P2 

52» J7 

530-32 P2 

61-8 J8-9 

6»-22 P3i-iii 

71-5 J9 

76 P3iii 

7'-io J9 

711 P3iii 

712 J9 

7l3-16a pSiii 

716b J9 

717- PSiii 

71'b J9 

7'8-2i PSiii 

722-23 jg 

721-82"! '.'.'.'..'. '.'.'.'''.'.  '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.  !P3iii 
82b-3a J9 

83b-5 PSiii 

86-12 J9 

8i3» P3iii 

813b J9 

8i*-i» PSiii 

820-22 J9 

9'-". '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.. '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'P3iv 

918-H Jll 

920-27 jlO 

101-7 P4 

108-n Jll 

1020 P4 

1021 Jll 

1022-23 P4 

102<-30 Jll 

1031-32 P4 

111-9 J12 

1110-26 P5 

1127 P5 

11=8-80 Jl.Si 

1131-32 P6 

121-'- J13ii 

12<b-5 P7i 

120-136 J1.3iii-v 

1.3« P7ii 

13'-ii» JlSv 

13iib-i2a P7ii 

1312b-18 JISV 

14i-2< Late  R 

15i» J13\-i 

151b Eli 

152« J13%-i 

152b-3» Eli 

153b-4 J13vi 

15s Eli 

15«-ii JlSvi 

1512* I1.3vi 

1512* Eli 


392 


SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH 


292-" JlSii 

2916-23 E3iii-iv 

2921 PlOi 

2926 E3iv 

2926 J15iii 

292'-28« E3v 

2928b-" piOi 

29'o E3v 

29"-55 J15iii-iv 

301-5" E3vi 

303b-' J15iv 

308 E3vi 

30' J15iv 

308 E3vi 

30»-i6 J15iv 

30"-20" E3vi 

302i>b-2i JlSiv 

3022a PlOi 

3022b-23 E3vi 

302<-25 J15iv-v 

3026 E3vii 

302' J15v 

3028 E3vii 

3029-31 J15v 

3032" E3vii 

3035-311 J15v 

312 E3vii 

313 J15v 

314-i8a E3vii 

3118b PlOii 

3119-21 ESviii 

3125 JlSvi 

3126 E3viii 

312' J15vi 

3128-45 E3viii 

31^6-53a JlSvi 

3153b-322 E3viii-ix 

323-13a JlSvii 

32i3b-2: E3x 

3222 JlSviii 

3223 E3xi 

3224-335* J15ix-x 

335b E3xii 

336-nia J15x 

33iob-iia E3xii 

33iib-i7 J13x 

3318a PlOii 

33i8b.342a E3xiii 

342b-3 J15xi 

34* E3xiv 

345 JlSxi 

346 E3xiv 

34' J15xi 

348-10 ESxiv 

3411-12 JlSxi 

3413 ESxiv 

34" J15xi 

3415-18 ESxiv 

3419 J15xi 

3420-25a ESxiv 

3425b-26 J15xi 

342'-29 ESxiv 

3430-31 J15xi 

351-5 ESxv 

356^ PlOiii 

356b-8 ESxv 

359-13 PlOiii 

3514 ESxv 

3515 PlOiii 

3516-20 ESxvi 

352i-22a J15xii 

3522b-2» PlOiv-v 

361-30 pil 

3631-39 J16 

36"-«3 PU 

371-2* plOvi 


372b P12i 

373-4 Jl8i 

375-11 E4i 

37i2-i33b jisi 

37i3=-i4ab E4ii 

37"" J18i 

3715-18!' E4ii 

3718b J18i 

3719-20 E4ii 

3721 J18i 

3722 E4ii 

3723 JlSi 

3724 E4ii 

3726-27 ji8i 

372sa E4ii 

3728b Jl8i 

3728C-31 E4ii 

3732-33 Ji8i 

3734 E4ii 

3735 J18i 

3736 E4iii 

381-30 J17 

391-4=* jlSii 

394i»* E4iii 

394b-5 Ji8ii 

396a E4iii 

396b-i9 JlSii 

3920-401 J18ii-iii 

402-3a E4iv 

403b JlSiii 

40<-5a E4iv 

405b Jisiii 

406-i5a E4iv 

4015b JlSiii 

4016.4114a E4iv-v 

4114b jisiv 

4115-33 E4v 

4134-36 JlSiv 

413'-4o E4vi 

4141 JlSiv 

4142-45 E4vi 

4146a P12ii 

4146b-47 E4vii 

4148 JlSiv 

4149-67 E4vii 

421 E4viii 

422 JiSv 

423-4a E4viii 

424b-5 JiSv 

426 E4viii 

42'* JlSv 

42'* E4viii 

428-26 E4viii 

4227-28 J18v 

4229-37 E4viii 

4238-4313 J18v-vi 

4314 E4viii 

4315-23a JlSvi 

4323b E4ix 

4324-4434 JlSvi 

451a JlSvii 

45i''-4a E4ix 

45<b-5a JlSvii 

455b-9 E4ix 

4510a JlSvii 

45iob-i2 E4ix 

4513-14 JlSvii 

4515-27 E4ix 

452s JlSvii 

46ia JlSviii 

46ib-5 E4x 

466-27 P12iii 

4628.476a JlSviii 

475b-6a P12iv 

476b ; ; JlSviii 

47'-".  .  . : P12iv 


INDEX 


393 


4712 E4ri 

4713-2B  J18 

4727» J19 

4727b-28 P12v 

4728-31 J19 

481-2* E5 

482b  J19 

48s-e...; P12v 

48'->» E5 

489b-10a J19 

48iob-i2 E5 

4813-u J19 

4815-16 E5 

4,Si7-i»'  [[[ J 19 

4S20-22  E5 

491a.. ■.'.■.■. P13 

4gib-28a J19 

492Sb-32 P13 

4933n* J20 

4933* P13 

50>-i''.' J20 

5012-13.'.  . P14 

50H J20 

5015-26 E6 

Exodus 

11-6      P15 

16  J21 

1?'    P15 

18-12  J22 

113-1* .'.' P16 

116-20a  E7-8 

120b     J22 

121-22  ■■  E8 

21-10  ■  V E9-10 

211-22 J23-24ii 

223a .  "  ' J24iii 

223b.'26.' P16 

31 Elli 

32-4a J24iii 

34b Ellii 

35  ' J24iii 

35; Ellii 

37-8 J24iii 

38-is Ellii-iii 

316-18 J24iii 

3H-22 Elliv-v 

41-16 J24iii 

417-18 Ellvi-vii 

4H-20a J24iii 

42ob.2i' Ellvii 

422-23 J24iii 

424-26 '         J25 

427-28 E12 

429-31    J26i 

51-2   E13i 

53      J26i 

54 E13i 

55.51 J26i 

62-713 P17-22 

7i4-i6» J26ii 

715b.  .'.'.'.' E13ii 

7i«-i7a I26ii 

717b E13iii 

718 J26ii 

7i9-2oa'  P23i 

720b  E13ii 

721a  J26ii 

72ib-2i P23i 

723.  .  //.■ E13ii 

724-26 J26ii 

81-4    '  '  '         J20iii 

85-7'.  ■■.■.■.■ P23ii 

88-i6a J2Giii 

8i6b-i» P23ii-iii 


820-32 J26iv 

91-7 J26v 

98-12 P23iv 

9"-2i J26vi 

9""'' El3iii 

92"> J26vi 

92<» Eiaiii 

9">' J26vi 

925» El3iii 

9"b-34 J26vi 

9" E13iii 

lO'-i' J26vii 

10i2-"a E13iv 

lO'sb J26vii 

IQK" El3iv 

IQHb-isa J26vii 

1015b E13iv 

10150-19 J26vii 

1020-23 E13iv-v 

1021-26    J26viii 

1027 E13v 

1028-28 J26viii 

111-3 E13vi-vii 

114-8  J26viii 

119-10  P23iv 

121-20    P23v 

1221-27 J26ix 

1228 P23v 

1228-34 J26ix 

1235-36      E13vii 

123'a P24 

1237b-38  J26x 

1240.132 P24-26 

133-16 J26x 

1317-n        E13viii 

13=6 P27 

1321-22      J26x 

141-2         P27 

143  E14 

144".  ; P28 

145-6       J27 

147  E14 

148-9 P28 

1410a J27 

1410b'  .  '  ' E14 

1411-14        J27 

1415 P28 

1416a E14 

14i6b-i8 P28 

1419a E14 

1419b-20  J27 

1421a.  .■.'.■. P28 

1421b J27 

1422-23  P28 

1424.  .■/.■ J27 

142Sa    E14 

1425b  J27 

1426-27a P28 

1427b  J27 

14J8a P28 

1428b  J27 

1429.  .". P28 

1430-31  J27 

151-21. V E15-16 

1522-26a J28 

1526b-26         E17 

1527  J28 

161-3        P29 

16<-5       J29 

166-13a P29 

16i3b-i5.. J29 

1616b-20  P29 

1621      J29 

1622-36      P29 

171.        P30 

171h-2    J30 


394 


SOURCES  OF  THE  HEXATEUCH 


173-' E18 

17' J30 

178-18" E19-21 

IG'-s" P30 

192b-3a E22 

193''-» J31 

19i»-"» E22 

19"b-is J31 

I914-" E22 

I918 J31 

1919 E22 

1920-26 J31 

20'-" E23 

2018-21 E22 

2022-2333 E24 

211-2 J32 

243-8 E25 

249-11 J32 

24i2-i6a E26 

2415b-18a P31 

2418b E26 

251-31" P32-33 

3118a* P34 

3118* E26 

321-35 E27 

33i-3» J33 

333b-n E28-29 

3312-33 J33 

341-28 J34 

3429-36 P34 

351-4038 P35-36 

Leviticus 

11-1634 P37-41 

171-26" P42H 

271-31 P43 

Numbers 

11-1028 P44-54 

1029-32 J35 

1033 E30 

1031 P54 

1035-36 E30 

111-3 E31 

114-10 J36 

1111-12 J33 

1113 J36 

1114 E32 

1116 J33 

III6-" E32 

1118-24a J36 

1124b-30 E32 

1131-35 J36-37 

121-16 E33 

1216 J37 

131-i'a P55 

13"b J38 

13i'<=-i8 E34 

1319 J38 

1320 E34 

1321 P55 

1322 J38 

1323-24 E34 

1325-26a P55 

1326b E34 

132'-2» J38 

1330-31 E34 

1332a P55 

1332b-33 E34 

141a P56 

141b E35 

141" J39 

142 P56 

143 J39 


144 E35 

146-7 P57 

148-9 J40 

1410 P57 

1411-21 J41 

1422-26 E36 

1426-30 P58 

1431-33 J41 

1434-38 P58 

1439-45 E37 

151-41 P59-61 

16i» P62 

16it> E38 

162-11 P62 

1612-16 E38 

1616-24 P62 

1626-26 E38 

1627a P62 

1627b-32a E38 

1632b P62 

1633-34 E38 

1636-60 P62 

171-1922 P63-65 

20i» P66 

201b E39 

202 P66 

203a J42 

203'>-4 P66 

206 J42 

206-13 P66 

2014-21 E40 

2022-29 P67 

211-3 J43 

214a P68 

214b-9 E41 

2110-11 P68 

2112-35 E42-44 

221 P68 

222-6* E45 

226* J44 

226-7 J44 

228-10 E45 

2211 J44 

2212-16 E45 

2217-18 J44 

2219-21 E45 

2222-36 J44 

2236 E45 

2237 J44 

2238 E45 

2239 J44 

2240-41 E45 

231-30 E46 

241-2 J44 

243-26 J45 

25i» E47 

25ib-2 J46 

253 E47 

254 J46 

256 E47 

256-3238 P69-78 

3239-42 J47 

331-3613 P79-82 

Deuteronomy 

(Passages  from  E  and  P  only) 

106-7 E48 

276-7a E49 

3114-16-23 E50 

3248-52    P83 

331-29 E51 

341a P84 

34ib-6       E52 

347-9 P84 

3410 E52 


INDEX 


395 


Joshua 

(The  analysis  here  is  murh  less  certain 
than  in  the  previous  books.  There  is,  how- 
ever, practically  unanimous  acreoment  on 
the  verses  assigned  below  to  J,  E,  and  P. 
Uncertainty  is  indicated  by  the  use  of  the 
symbol  JE.  Substantially  all  sections  not 
assigned  come  from  Rd  or,  in  a  few  cases, 
from  Rp.) 

21-9a. 12-13  E53JE 

31.5.8-17 E54JE 

41.3.1-11 E55JE 

418.U-17  P85 

419         E55JE 

4i»'  ■  ■  P85 

420; E55JE 

5J-3.8-9  E56 

510-is.  ; P86 

6I8-IS  J48 

61-8-26  E57JE 

7J-6  E58JE 

7»-2»  ■    ■         E59JE 

8i-!»"  E60JE 

93.6  E61JE 

96-7 J49 

gs-ta. 11-13. l(s         E61JE 

916b    P87 

916      E61JE 

917-51 P87 

922-23. 2«-27» E61  JE 

101-7. »-14a.l6-'27*       ' E62JE 

111-2.4-8      E63JE 

13'-'        E64JE 

1313 J50 

1315-3'    P88 

H'-s P89 

14«-i6 E65 


151-12 P90 

15>3-i»      J51 

ir)20-82 P90 

15«»    J52 

IGi-s E66JE 

16«-8 P91 

10» E66JE 

Ifiio J53 

171a      P92 

17i''-2 E67JE 

173-41' P92 

178    E67JE 

17»-ioa    P92 

17101' E67JE 

1711-18 J54 

181 P88 

lg2-8.8-10 E68 

1811-28 P93 

191-8.10-46 P94 

1947 J55 

194s P94 

1949-so        E69 

1961    P94 

20i-» P95 

211-42      P96 

22»-3«  P97 

241-" E70-73 

Judges 

11-10 J56-57 

111-15  J51 

118-20 J58-60 

121      J52 

122-26 J61 

127-28  J54 

12«     ■  J53 

130-36  J62-63 

21-6       J64 


Date  Due 


BS1215.4.B853 

The  sources  of  the  Hexateuch,  J.  E,  and 

Princeton  Theological  Seminary-Speer  Library 


1    1012  00012  1402 


